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Quality of Service Option for Proxy Mobile IPv6
draft-ietf-netext-pmip6-qos-11

The information below is for an old version of the document.
Document Type
This is an older version of an Internet-Draft that was ultimately published as RFC 7222.
Authors Marco Liebsch , Pierrick Seite , Hidetoshi Yokota , Jouni Korhonen , Sri Gundavelli
Last updated 2014-03-27 (Latest revision 2014-02-08)
RFC stream Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
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Stream WG state Submitted to IESG for Publication
Document shepherd Basavaraj Patil
Shepherd write-up Show Last changed 2014-02-21
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Needs a YES. Needs 10 more YES or NO OBJECTION positions to pass.
Responsible AD Brian Haberman
Send notices to netext-chairs@tools.ietf.org, draft-ietf-netext-pmip6-qos@tools.ietf.org
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draft-ietf-netext-pmip6-qos-11
NETEXT WG                                                     M. Liebsch
Internet-Draft                                                       NEC
Intended status: Standards Track                                P. Seite
Expires: August 12, 2014                                          Orange
                                                               H. Yokota
                                                                KDDI Lab
                                                             J. Korhonen
                                                 Broadcom Communications
                                                           S. Gundavelli
                                                                   Cisco
                                                        February 8, 2014

            Quality of Service Option for Proxy Mobile IPv6
                   draft-ietf-netext-pmip6-qos-11.txt

Abstract

   This specification defines a new mobility option, the Quality of
   Service (QoS) option, for Proxy Mobile IPv6.  This option can be used
   by the local mobility anchor and the mobile access gateway for
   negotiating Quality of Service parameters for a mobile node's IP
   flows.  The negotiated QoS parameters can be used for QoS policing
   and marking of packets to enforce QoS differentiation on the path
   between the local mobility anchor and the mobile access gateway.
   Furthermore, making QoS parameters available on the mobile access
   gateway enables mapping of these parameters to QoS rules that are
   specific to the access technology and allows those rules to be
   enforced on the access network using access technology specific
   approaches.

Status of this Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on August 12, 2014.

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Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2014 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4

   2.  Conventions and Terminology  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
     2.1.  Conventions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
     2.2.  Terminology  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6

   3.  Overview of QoS Support in Proxy Mobile IPv6 . . . . . . . . .  9
     3.1.  Quality of Service Option - Usage Examples . . . . . . . . 11
     3.2.  Quality of Service Attributes - Usage Examples . . . . . . 13

   4.  Protocol Messaging Extensions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
     4.1.  Quality of Service Option  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
     4.2.  Quality of Service Attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
       4.2.1.  Per Mobile Node Aggregate Maximum Downlink Bit Rate  . 19
       4.2.2.  Per Mobile Node Aggregate Maximum Uplink Bit Rate  . . 20
       4.2.3.  Per Mobility Session Aggregate Maximum Downlink
               Bit Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
       4.2.4.  Per Mobility Session Aggregate Maximum Uplink Bit
               Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
       4.2.5.  Allocation and Retention Priority  . . . . . . . . . . 25
       4.2.6.  Aggregate Maximum Downlink Bit Rate  . . . . . . . . . 26
       4.2.7.  Aggregate Maximum Uplink Bit Rate  . . . . . . . . . . 27
       4.2.8.  Guaranteed Downlink Bit Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
       4.2.9.  Guaranteed Uplink Bit Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
       4.2.10. QoS Traffic Selector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
       4.2.11. QoS Vendor Specific Attribute  . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
     4.3.  New Status Code for Proxy Binding Acknowledgement  . . . . 33
     4.4.  New Notification Reason for Update Notification Message  . 33
     4.5.  New Status Code for Update Notification
           Acknowledgement Message  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

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   5.  Protocol Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
     5.1.  Local Mobility Anchor Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . 34
     5.2.  Mobile Access Gateway Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . 38

   6.  QoS Services in Integrated WLAN-3GPP Networks  . . . . . . . . 42
     6.1.  Technical Scope and Procedure  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
     6.2.  Relevant QoS Attributes  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

   7.  IANA Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

   8.  Implementation Status  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

   9.  Security Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

   10. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

   11. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
     11.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
     11.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

   Appendix A.  Information when implementing 3GPP QoS in IP
                transport network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
     A.1.  Mapping tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
     A.2.  Use cases and protocol operations  . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
       A.2.1.  Handover of existing QoS rules . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
       A.2.2.  Establishment of QoS rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
       A.2.3.  Dynamic Update to QoS Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

   Appendix B.  Information when implementing PMIP based QoS
                support with IEEE 802.11e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

   Appendix C.  Information when implementing with a Broadband
                Network Gateway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

   Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

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1.  Introduction

   Mobile operators deploy Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) [RFC5213] to
   enable network-based mobility management for mobile nodes (MN).
   Users can access Internet Protocol (IP) based services from their
   mobile device by using various radio access technologies.  Current
   standardization effort considers strong QoS classification and
   enforcement for cellular radio access technologies.  QoS policies are
   typically controlled by a policy control function, whereas the
   policies are enforced by one or more gateways in the infrastructure,
   such as the local mobility anchor and the mobile access gateway, as
   well as by access network elements.  Policy control and QoS
   differentiation for access to the mobile operator network through
   alternative non-cellular access technologies is not yet considered,
   even though some of these access technologies are able to support QoS
   by appropriate traffic prioritization techniques.  However, handover
   and IP Flow Mobility using alternative radio access technologies,
   such as IEEE802.16 and Wireless LAN according to the IEEE802.11
   specification, are being considered by the standards [TS23.402],
   whereas inter-working with the cellular architecture to establish QoS
   policies in alternative access networks has not received much
   attention so far.

   In particular Wireless LAN (WLAN) has been identified as an
   alternative technology to complement cellular radio access.  Since
   the 802.11e extension provides QoS extensions to WLAN, it is
   beneficial to apply QoS policies to WLAN access, which enables QoS
   classification of downlink as well as uplink traffic between a mobile
   node and its local mobility anchor.  Three functional operations have
   been identified to accomplish this:

      (a) Maintaining QoS classification during a handover between
      cellular radio access and WLAN access by means of establishing QoS
      policies in the handover target access network,

      (b) mapping of QoS classes and associated policies between
      different access systems and

      (c) establishment of QoS policies for new data sessions/flows,
      which are initiated while using WLAN access.

   This document specifies an extension to the PMIPv6 protocol [RFC5213]
   to establish QoS policies for a mobile node's data traffic on the
   local mobility anchor and the mobile access gateway.  QoS policies
   are conveyed in-band with PMIPv6 signaling using the specified QoS
   option and are enforced on the local mobility anchor for downlink
   traffic and on the mobile access gateway and its access network for
   the uplink traffic.  The specified option allows association between

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   IP session classification characteristics, such as a Differentiated
   Services Code Point (DSCP) [RFC2474], and the expected QoS class for
   this IP session.  This document specifies fundamental QoS attributes
   which apply on a per mobile node, mobility session or on a per-flow
   basis.  The specified attributes are not specific to any access
   technology, but are compatible with the Third Generation Partnership
   Project (3GPP) and IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN QoS specifications.

   Additional QoS attributes can be specified and used with the QoS
   option, e.g. to represent more specific descriptions of latency
   constraints or jitter bounds.  The specification of such additional
   QoS attributes as well as the handling of QoS policies between the
   mobile access gateway and the access network are out of scope for
   this specification.

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2.  Conventions and Terminology

2.1.  Conventions

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].

2.2.  Terminology

   All the mobility related terms used in this document are to be
   interpreted as defined in the Proxy Mobile IPv6 specifications
   [RFC5213], [RFC5844], and [RFC7077].  Additionally, this document
   uses the following abbreviations:

   Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate (AMBR)

      AMBR defines the upper limit on the bit-rate that can be provided
      by the network for a set of IP flows.  IP packets exceeding the
      AMBR limit will be discarded by the rate-shaping function where
      the AMBR parameter is enforced.  Variants of AMBR term can be
      defined by restricting the target set of IP flows on which the
      AMBR is applied to a mobile node, mobility session or flow
      direction.  For example, Per Mobile Node Aggregate Maximum
      Downlink Bit Rate, Per Mobile Node Aggregate Maximum Uplink Bit
      Rate, Per Mobility Session Aggregate Maximum Downlink Bit Rate and
      Per Mobility Session Aggregate Maximum Uplink Bit Rate are used in
      this document.

   Allocation and Retention Priority (AARP)

      AARP is used in congestion situations when there are no sufficient
      resources for meeting all services requests.  It is used primarily
      by the Admission Control function to determine whether a
      particular service request must be rejected due to lack of
      resources, or if it must be rejected by preempting an existing
      low-priority service.

   Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP)

      In Differentiated Services Architecture [RFC2474], packets are
      classified and marked to receive a particular per-hop forwarding
      behavior on nodes along their path based on the marking present on
      the packet.  This marking on IPv4 and IPv6 packets that defines a
      specific Per-hop behavior is known as DSCP.  Refer to [RFC2474],
      [RFC2475] and [RFC4594] for a complete explanation.

   Downlink (DL) Traffic

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      The mobile node's IP packets that the mobile access gateway
      receives from the local mobility anchor is referred to as the
      Downlink traffic.  The "Downlink" term used in the QoS attribute
      definition is always from the reference point of the mobile node
      and it implies traffic heading towards the mobile node.

   Guaranteed Bit Rate (GBR)

      GBR denotes the assured bit-rate that will be provided by the
      network for a set of IP flows.  It is assumed that the network
      reserves the resources for supporting the GBR parameter.  Variants
      of the GBR term can be defined by limiting the scope of the target
      IP flows on which the GBR is applied to a mobile node, mobility
      session or flow direction.  For example, Guaranteed Downlink Bit
      Rate and Guaranteed Uplink Bit Rate are used in this document.

   Mobility Session

      The term mobility session, is defined in [RFC5213].  It refers to
      the creation or existence of state associated with the mobile
      node's mobility binding on the local mobility anchor and on the
      mobile access gateway.

   QoS Service Request

      A set of QoS parameters that are defined to be enforced on one or
      more mobile node's IP flows.  The parameters at the minimum
      include a DSCP marking and additionally may include Guaranteed Bit
      Rate or Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate.  The Quality of Service option
      defined in this document represents a QoS Service Request.

   Service Identifier

      In some mobility architectures, multiple services within the same
      mobility service subscription are offered to a mobile node.  Each
      of those services provide a specific service (examples: Internet
      Service, Voice Over IP Service) and has an identifier called
      Service Identifier. 3GPP APN (Access Point Name) is an example of
      a Service Identifier.  Refer to [RFC5149] for the definition of
      the Service Identifier and the mobility option used for carrying
      the Service Identifier.

   Uplink (UL) Traffic

      The mobile node's IP packets that the mobile access gateway
      forwards to the local mobility anchor is referred to as the Uplink
      traffic.  The "Uplink" term used in the QoS attribute definitions
      is based on the reference point of the mobile node and "Uplink"

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      implies traffic originating from the mobile node.

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3.  Overview of QoS Support in Proxy Mobile IPv6

   The Quality of Service support in Proxy Mobile IPv6 specified in this
   document is based on the Differentiated-Services architecture
   ([RFC2474] and [RFC2475]).  The access and the home network in the
   Proxy Mobile IPv6 domain are assumed to be DiffServ enabled, with
   every network node in the forwarding path for the mobile node's IP
   traffic being Diffserv compliant.  The per-hop behavior for providing
   differential treatment based on the DiffServ marking in the packet is
   assumed to be consistent throughout the Proxy Mobile IPv6 domain.

   The local mobility anchor in the home network and the mobile access
   gateway in the access network define the network boundary between the
   access and the home network.  These entities being the entry and exit
   points for the mobile node's IP traffic are the logical choice for
   being the QoS enforcement points.  The basic QoS primitives such as
   marking, metering, policing and rate-shaping on the mobile node's IP
   flows can be enforced at these nodes.

   The local mobility anchor and the mobile access gateway can negotiate
   the Quality of Service parameters for a mobile node's IP flows based
   on the signaling extensions defined in this document.  The QoS
   services that can be enabled for a mobile node are for meeting both
   the quantitative performance requirements (such as Guaranteed Bit-
   Rate) and as well for realizing relative performance treatment by the
   ways of class-based differentiation.  The subscriber's policy and the
   charging profile is a key consideration for the mobility entities in
   the QoS service negotiation.  The decision on the type of QoS
   services that are to be enabled for a mobile node is based on the
   subscriber profile and based on available network resources.  The
   negotiated QoS parameters are used for providing QoS service
   differentiation on the path between the local mobility anchor and the
   mobile access gateway.  The signaling related to QoS services is
   strictly between the mobility entities and does not result in per-
   flow state, or signaling to any other node in the network.

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     +=======+
     |  MN-1 |
     +=======+
       | | |                                                    Flow-6
       Flow-1<--(GBR: 64Kbps)                                        |
       |                                                      Flow-4 |
         Flow-2                                                  | | |
       | |                                                  Flow-1 | |
         | Flow-3                                                | | |
       |_|_|                                            DSCP-X   | | |
      (     )<--(Per-Session-AMBR: 1Mbps)                    :   | | |
       | | |                                          DSCP-Z :   | | |
         | |                                               : :   | | |
       | | |             +=====+                        +==:=v+  | | |
         | '- -- - - - --|     |                        |  : o|--' | |
       | '- - ---  - -  -|     |           __           |  v o|----' |
       '- - - - -  - -  -|     |       _--'  '--_       |  o--|------'
                         |     |      ( Diffserv )      |     |
                         | MAG |=====(  enabled   )=====| LMA |
                         |     |      (IP Network)      |     |
       ,- - - - - - - - -|     |        '--__--'        |    o|-- - -,
         ,- - -- - -- - -|     |                        |    o|--- , |
       | | ,- -  - - -- -|     |                        |    o|--, | |
         | |             +=====+                        +====^+  | | |
       |_|_|                                                 :   | | |
      ( _ _ )<--(Per-Session-AMBR: 2Mbps)                    :   | | |
       | | |                                            DSCP-Y   | | |
         | |                                                     | | |
       | | |                                                     | | |
         | Flow-6                                           Flow-2 | |
       | |                                                         | |
         Flow-5 (MBR: 100Kbps)                                Flow-3 |
       |                                                             |
       Flow-4  (GBR: 64Kbps)                                    Flow-5
       | | |
     +=======+
     |  MN-2 |
     +=======+

                           Figure 1: QoS Support

   Figure 1 explains the support of QoS services in a Proxy Mobile IPv6
   domain.  The local mobility anchor and the mobile access gateway have
   negotiated QoS parameters for the mobility sessions belonging to MN-1
   and MN-2.  A Per-Session-AMBR of 1Mbps and 2 Mbps for MN-1 and MN-2
   respectively.  Furthermore, different IP flows from MN-1 and MN-2 are
   given different QoS service treatment.  For example, a GBR of 64Kbps
   for Flow-1 and Flow-5 is assured, a DSCP marking enforcement of "Z"

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   on Flow-6, and MBR of 100 Kbps on Flow-5;

3.1.  Quality of Service Option - Usage Examples

   Use Case 1: Figure 2 explains a scenario where a local mobility
   anchor initiates a QoS service request to a mobile access gateway.

      +-----+            +-----+              +-----+
      | MN  |            | MAG |              | LMA |
      +-----+            +-----+              +-----+
         |                   |                   |
   1)    |---- MN Attach ----|                   |
   2)    |                   |------ PBU ------->|
   3)    |                   |<----- PBA --------|
         |                   |                   |
   4)    |                   |o=================o|
         |                   |   PMIPv6 Tunnel   |
         |                   |                   |
         |  (LMA initiates QoS Service Request)  |
   5)    |                   |<----- UPN (QoS)---|
         |                   |                   |
         |  (MAG proposes a revised QoS Request) |
   6)    |                   |------ UPA (QoS')->|
         |                   |                   |
   7)    |                   |<----- UPN (QoS')--|
   8)    |                   |------ UPA (QoS')->|
         |  QoS Rules     ---|                   |
   9)    | Established <-|   |  QoS Rules     ---|
   10)   |                ---| Established <-|   |
         |                   |                ---|
   11)   |<----------------->|                   |

                Figure 2: LMA Initiated QoS Service Request

   o  (1) to (4): MAG detects the mobile node's attachment to the access
      link and initiates the signaling with the local mobility anchor.
      The LMA and MAG upon completing the signaling establish the
      mobility session and the forwarding state.

   o  (5) to (8): The LMA initiates a QoS Service request to the mobile
      access gateway.  The trigger for this service can be based on a
      trigger from a policy function and the specific details of that
      trigger are outside the scope of this document.  The LMA sends an
      Update Notification message [RFC7077] to the MAG.  The message
      includes the QoS option Section 4.1 which includes a set of QoS
      parameters.  The mobile access gateway on determining that it
      cannot support the requested QoS service request for that mobile
      sends an revised QoS option in the Update Notification

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      Acknowledgement message, which the LMA agrees to the proposed QoS
      parameters by sending a new Update Notification message with a
      modified QoS option.

   o  (9) to (11): Upon successfully negotiating a QoS service request
      the MAG and the LMA install the QoS rules for that service
      request.  Furthermore, the MAG (using access technology specific
      mechanisms) install the QoS rules on the access network.

   Use Case 2: Figure 3 explains a scenario where a mobile access
   gateway initiates a QoS service request to a local mobility anchor.

      +-----+            +-----+              +-----+
      | MN  |            | MAG |              | LMA |
      +-----+            +-----+              +-----+
         |                   |                   |
   1)    |---- MN Attach ----|                   |
   2)    |                   |------ PBU ------->|
   3)    |                   |<----- PBA --------|
         |                   |                   |
   4)    |                   |o=================o|
         |                   |   PMIPv6 Tunnel   |
         |                   |                   |
         |  (MAG initiates QoS Service Request)  |
   5)    |                   |------ PBU (QoS)-->|
   6)    |                   |<----- PBA (QoS)---|
         |  QoS Rules     ---|                   |
   7)    | Established <-|   |  QoS Rules     ---|
   8)    |                ---| Established <-|   |
         |                   |                ---|
   9)    |<----------------->|                   |

                Figure 3: MAG Initiated QoS Service Request

   o  (1) to (4): MAG detects the mobile node's attachment to the access
      link and initiates the signaling with the local mobility anchor.
      The LMA and MAG upon completing the signaling establish the
      mobility session and the forwarding state.

   o  (5) to (6): The MAG initiates a QoS Service request to the local
      mobility anchor.  The trigger for this service can be based on a
      trigger from the mobile node using access technology specific
      mechanisms.  The specific details of that trigger are outside the
      scope of this document.  The MAG sends a Proxy Binding Update
      message [RFC5213] to the LMA.  The message includes the QoS option
      Section 4.1 which includes a set of QoS parameters.  The LMA
      agrees to the proposed QoS service request by sending Proxy

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      Binding Acknowledgement message.

   o  (7) to (9): Upon successfully negotiating a QoS service request
      the MAG and the LMA install the QoS rules for that service
      request.  Furthermore, the MAG using access technology specific
      mechanisms install the QoS rules on the access network.

3.2.  Quality of Service Attributes - Usage Examples

   This section identifies the use-cases where the Quality of Service
   Option (Section 4.1) and its attributes (Section 4.2) defined in this
   document are relevant.

   o  The subscription policy offered to a mobile subscriber requires
      the service provider to enforce Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate (AMBR)
      limits on the subscriber's IP traffic.  The local mobility anchor
      and the mobile access gateway negotiate the uplink and the
      downlink AMBR values for the mobility session and enforce them in
      the access and the home network.  The QoS option (Section 4.1)
      with the QoS Attributes, Per-Session-Agg-Max-DL-Bit-Rate
      (Section 4.2.3) and Per-Session-Agg-Max-UL-Bit-Rate
      (Section 4.2.4) are used for this purpose.

   o  In Community Wi-Fi deployments, the residential gateway
      participating in the Wi-Fi service is shared between the home user
      and the community Wi-Fi users.  In order to ensure the home user's
      Wi-Fi service is not impacted because of the community Wi-Fi
      service, the service provider enables Guaranteed Bit Rate (GBR)
      for the home user's traffic.  The QoS option (Section 4.1) with
      the QoS Attributes, Guaranteed-DL-Bit-Rate (Section 4.2.8),
      Guaranteed-UL-Bit-Rate (Section 4.2.9) are used for this purpose.

   o  A mobile user using the service provider's Voice over IP
      infrastructure establishes a VoIP call with some other user in the
      network.  The negotiated call parameters for the VoIP call require
      a dedicated bandwidth of certain fixed value for the media flows
      associated with that VoIP session.  The Application function in
      the VoIP infrastructure notifies the local mobility anchor to
      enforce the GBR limits on that IP flow identified by the flow
      definition.  The QoS option (Section 4.1) with the QoS Attributes,
      Guaranteed-DL-Bit-Rate (Section 4.2.8), Guaranteed-UL-Bit-Rate
      (Section 4.2.9), QoS-Traffic-Selector (Section 4.2.10) are used
      for this purpose.

   o  A service provider is required to ensure the application traffic
      associated with emergency services is not impacted under any
      network condition.  An emergency service may require network
      resources in conditions when the network resources have been fully

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      allocated to other users and the network may be experiencing
      severe congestion and in such cases the service provider may have
      to revoke resources that have been allocated and be reassigned to
      emergency services.  The local mobility anchor and the mobile
      access gateway negotiate Allocation and Retention Priority (AARP)
      values for the IP sessions associated with the emergency
      applications.  The QoS option (Section 4.1) with the QoS
      Attribute, Allocation-Retention-Priority (Section 4.2.5) are used
      for this purpose.

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4.  Protocol Messaging Extensions

4.1.  Quality of Service Option

   The Quality of Service option is a mobility header option used by
   local mobility anchor and mobile access gateway for negotiating QoS
   parameters associated with a mobility session.  This option can be
   carried in Proxy Binding Update (PBU) [RFC5213], Proxy Binding
   Acknowledgement (PBA) [RFC5213], Update Notification (UPN) [RFC7077]
   and Update Notification Acknowledgement(UPA) [RFC7077] messages.
   There can be more than one instance of the Quality of Service option
   in a single message.  Each instance of the Quality of Service option
   represents a specific QoS service request.

   The alignment requirement for this option is 4n.

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |      Type     |    Length     |     SR-ID     |       TC      |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |       OC      |                   Reserved                    |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   ~                        QoS Attribute(s)                       ~
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

                           Figure 4: QoS Option

      Type

         <IANA-1>

      Length

         8-bit unsigned integer indicating the length of the option in
         octets, excluding the Type and Length fields.

      Service Request Identifier (SR-ID)

         A 8-bit unsigned integer used for identifying the QoS service
         request.  Its uniqueness is within the scope of a mobility
         session.  The local mobility anchor always allocates the
         identifier value.  When the QoS Service request is initiated by
         a mobile access gateway, it sets the value to (0) and the local
         mobility anchor allocates and includes the value in the

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         response.  For any QoS service requests initiated by a local
         mobility anchor, the Service Request Identifier is set to the
         allocated value.

      Traffic Class (TC)

         Traffic Class consists of a 6-bit DSCP field followed by a
         2-bit reserved field.

         Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP)

            A 6-bit unsigned integer indicating the code point value, as
            defined in [RFC2475] to be used for the mobile node's IP
            flows.  When this DSCP marking needs to be applied only for
            a subset of mobile node's IP flows, there will be a Traffic
            Selector attribute (Section 4.2.10) in the option which
            provides the flow selectors.  In the absence of any such
            traffic selector attribute, the DSCP marking applies to all
            the IP flows associated with the mobility session.

         Two-bit Reserved Field

            The last two-bits in the Traffic Class field are currently
            unused.  These bits MUST be initialized by the sender to (0)
            and MUST be ignored by the receiver.

      Operational Code (OC)

         One-Octet Operational code indicates the type of QoS request.

         RESPONSE:   (0)
            Response to a QoS request

         ALLOCATE:   (1)
            Request to allocate QoS resources

         DE-ALLOCATE:   (2)
            Request to de-Allocate QoS resources

         MODIFY:   (3)
            Request to modify QoS parameters for a previously negotiated
            QoS service request

         QUERY:   (4)
            Query to list the previously negotiated QoS service requests
            and that are still active

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         NEGOTIATE:   (5)
            Response to a QoS service request with a counter QoS
            proposal

         Reserved:   (6) to (255)
            Currently not used.  Receiver MUST ignore the option
            received with any value in this range.

      Reserved

         This field is unused for now.  The value MUST be initialized to
         a value of (0) by the sender and MUST be ignored by the
         receiver.

      QoS Attribute(s)

         Zero or more Type-Length-Value (TLV) encoded QoS Attributes.
         The format of the QoS attribute is defined in Section 4.2.  The
         interpretation and usage of the QoS attribute is based on the
         value in the "Type" field.

4.2.  Quality of Service Attribute

   This section identifies the format of a Quality of Service attribute.
   QoS attribute can be included in the Quality of Service option
   defined in Section 4.1.  The latter part of this section identifies
   the QoS attributes defined by this specification.

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |    Type       |     Length    |           Value               ~
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

            Figure 5: Format of a Quality of Service Attribute

   Type:  8-bit unsigned integer indicating the type of the QoS
      attribute.  This specification reserves the following values.

      (0) -   Reserved
         This value is reserved and cannot be used

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      (1) -   Per-MN-Agg-Max-DL-Bit-Rate
         This QoS attribute, Per Mobile Node Aggregate Maximum Downlink
         Bit Rate, is defined in Section 4.2.1.

      (2) -   Per-MN-Agg-Max-UL-Bit-Rate
         This QoS attribute, Per Mobile Node Aggregate Maximum Uplink
         Bit Rate, is defined in Section 4.2.2.

      (3) -   Per-Session-Agg-Max-DL-Bit-Rate
         This QoS attribute, Per Mobility Session Aggregate Maximum
         Downlink Bit Rate, is defined in Section 4.2.3.

      (4) -   Per-Session-Agg-Max-UL-Bit-Rate
         This QoS attribute, Per Mobility Session Aggregate Maximum
         Uplink Bit Rate, is defined in Section 4.2.4.

      (5) -   Allocation-Retention-Priority
         This QoS attribute, Allocation and Retention Priority, is
         defined in Section 4.2.5.

      (6) -   Aggregate-Max-DL-Bit-Rate
         This QoS attribute, Aggregate Maximum Downlink Bit Rate, is
         defined in Section 4.2.6.

      (7) -   Aggregate-Max-UL-Bit-Rate
         This QoS attribute, Aggregate Maximum Uplink Bit Rate, is
         defined in Section 4.2.7.

      (8) -   Guaranteed-DL-Bit-Rate
         This QoS attribute, Guaranteed Downlink Bit Rate, is defined in
         Section 4.2.8.

      (9) -   Guaranteed-UL-Bit-Rate
         This QoS attribute, Guaranteed Uplink Bit Rate, is defined in
         Section 4.2.9.

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      (10) -   QoS-Traffic-Selector
         This QoS attribute, QoS Traffic Selector, is defined in
         Section 4.2.10.

      (11) -   QoS-Vendor-Specific-Attribute
         This QoS attribute, QoS Vendor Specific Attribute, is defined
         in Section 4.2.11.

      (12) to (254) -   Reserved
         These values are are reserved for future allocation.

      (255) -   Reserved
         This value is reserved and cannot be used

   Length:  8-bit unsigned integer indicating the number of octets
      needed to encode the Value, excluding the Type and Length fields.

   Value:  The format of this field is based on the Type value.

4.2.1.  Per Mobile Node Aggregate Maximum Downlink Bit Rate

   This attribute, Per-MN-Agg-Max-DL-Bit-Rate, represents the maximum
   downlink bit-rate for a mobile node.  It is a variant of the AMBR
   term defined in Section 2.2.  This value is an aggregate across all
   mobility sessions associated with that mobile node.

   This attribute can be included in the Quality of Service option
   defined in Section 4.1 and it is an optional attribute.  There can
   only be a single instance of this attribute present in a QoS option.

   When this attribute is present in a Proxy Binding Update sent by a
   mobile access gateway, or in a Update Notification message sent by a
   local mobility anchor, it indicates the maximum aggregate downlink
   bit-rate that is being requested for the mobile node at the peer.

   When this attribute is present in a Proxy Binding Acknowledgement
   message, or in an Update Notification Acknowledgement message, it
   indicates the maximum aggregate downlink bit-rate that the peer
   agrees to offer.

   If multiple mobility sessions are established for a mobile node,
   through multiple mobile access gateways and with sessions anchored
   either on a single local mobility anchor, or when spread out across
   multiple local mobility anchors, then it depends on the operator's

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   policy and the specific deployment as how the total bandwidth for the
   mobile node on each MAG-LMA pair is computed.

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |     Type      |     Length    |            Reserved           |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                   Per-MN-Agg-Max-DL-Bit-Rate                  |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   o  Type: 1

   o  Length: The length in octets of the attribute, excluding the Type
      and Length fields.  This value is set to (6).

   o  Reserved: This field is unused for now.  The value MUST be
      initialized by the sender to 0 and MUST be ignored by the
      receiver.

   o  Per-MN-Agg-Max-DL-Bit-Rate: is a 32-bit unsigned integer, and it
      indicates the aggregate maximum downlink bit-rate that is
      requested/allocated for all the mobile node's IP flows.  The
      measurement units for Per-MN-Agg-Max-DL-Bit-Rate are bits-per-
      second.

4.2.2.  Per Mobile Node Aggregate Maximum Uplink Bit Rate

   This attribute, Per-MN-Agg-Max-UL-Bit-Rate, represents the maximum
   uplink bit-rate for the mobile node.  It is a variant of the AMBR
   term defined in Section 2.2.  This value is an aggregate across all
   mobility sessions associated with that mobile node.

   This attribute can be included in the Quality of Service option
   defined in Section 4.1 and it is an optional attribute.  There can
   only be a single instance of this attribute present in a QoS option.

   When this attribute is present in a Proxy Binding Update sent by a
   mobile access gateway, or in an Update Notification message sent by
   the local mobility anchor, it indicates the maximum aggregate uplink
   bit-rate that is being requested for the mobile node at the peer.

   When this attribute is present in a Proxy Binding Acknowledgement
   message, or in an Update Notification Acknowledgement message, it
   indicates the maximum aggregate uplink bit-rate that the peer agrees
   to offer for that mobile node.

   If multiple mobility sessions are established for a mobile node,

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   through multiple mobile access gateways and with sessions anchored
   either on a single local mobility anchor, or when spread out across
   multiple local mobility anchors, then it depends on the operator's
   policy and the specific deployment as how the total bandwidth for the
   mobile node on each MAG-LMA pair is computed.

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |     Type      |     Length    |            Reserved           |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                   Per-MN-Agg-Max-UL-Bit-Rate                  |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   o  Type: 2

   o  Length: The length in octets of the attribute, excluding the Type
      and Length fields.  This value is set to (6).

   o  Reserved: This field is unused for now.  The value MUST be
      initialized by the sender to 0 and MUST be ignored by the
      receiver.

   o  Per-MN-Agg-Max-UL-Bit-Rate: is of type unsigned 32-bit integer,
      and it indicates the aggregate maximum uplink bit-rate that is
      requested/allocated for the mobile node's IP flows.  The
      measurement units for Per-MN-Agg-Max-UL-Bit-Rate are bits-per-
      second.

4.2.3.  Per Mobility Session Aggregate Maximum Downlink Bit Rate

   This attribute, Per-Session-Agg-Max-DL-Bit-Rate, represents the
   maximum downlink bit-rate for the mobility session.  It is a variant
   of the AMBR term defined in Section 2.2.

   This attribute can be included in the Quality of Service option
   defined in Section 4.1 and it is an optional attribute.  There can
   only be a single instance of this attribute present in a QoS option.

   When this attribute is present in a Proxy Binding Update sent by a
   mobile access gateway, or in an Update Notification message sent by
   the local mobility anchor, it indicates the maximum aggregate
   downlink bit-rate that is being requested for that mobility session.

   When this attribute is present in a Proxy Binding Acknowledgement
   message, or in an Update Notification Acknowledgement message, it
   indicates the maximum aggregate downlink bit-rate that the peer
   agrees to offer for that mobility session.

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   When a QoS option includes both the Per-Session-Agg-Max-DL-Bit-Rate
   attribute and the QOS Traffic Selector attribute (Section 4.2.10),
   then the QOS Traffic Selector attribute does not apply to this
   attribute.

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |     Type      |     Length    |S|E|        Reserved           |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                 Per-Session-Agg-Max-DL-Bit-Rate               |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   o  Type: 3

   o  Length: The length of the attribute in octets, excluding the Type
      and Length fields.  This value is set to (6).

   o  Service (S) flag: This flag is used for extending the scope of the
      target flows for Per-Session-Agg-Max-DL-Bit-Rate to mobile node's
      other mobility sessions sharing the same service identifier. 3GPP
      Access Point Name (APN) is an example of service identifier and
      that identifier is carried using the Service Selection mobility
      option [RFC5149].

      *  When the (S) flag is set to a value of (1), then the Per-
         Session-Agg-Max-DL-Bit-Rate is measured as an aggregate across
         all the mobile node's other mobility sessions sharing the same
         service identifier associated with this mobility session.

      *  When the (S) flag is set to a value of (0), then there is no
         special effect on the receiver.

      *  The (S) flag MUST NOT be set to a value of (1), when there is
         no service identifier associated with the mobility session.

   o  Exclude (E) flag: This flag is used to request that some flows be
      excluded from the target IP flows for which Per-Session-Agg-Max-
      DL-Bit-Rate is measured.

      *  When the (E) flag is set to a value of (1), then the request is
         for excluding the IP flows for which Guaranteed-DL-Bit-Rate
         (Section 4.2.8) is negotiated, from the flows for which Per-
         Session-Agg-Max-DL-Bit-Rate applies is measured.

      *  When the (E) flag is set to a value of (0), then there is no
         special effect on the receiver.

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      *  When the (S) flag and (E) flag are both set to a value of (1),
         then the request is for excluding all the IP flows sharing the
         service identifier associated with this mobility session, from
         the target flows for which Per-Session-Agg-Max-DL-Bit-Rate is
         measured.

   o  Reserved: This field is unused for now.  The value MUST be
      initialized by the sender to 0 and MUST be ignored by the
      receiver.

   o  Per-Session-Agg-Max-DL-Bit-Rate: is a 32-bit unsigned integer, and
      it indicates the aggregate maximum downlink bit-rate that is
      requested/allocated for all the IP flows associated with that
      mobility session.  The measurement units for Per-Session-Agg-Max-
      DL-Bit-Rate are bits-per-second.

4.2.4.  Per Mobility Session Aggregate Maximum Uplink Bit Rate

   This attribute, Per-Session-Agg-Max-UL-Bit-Rate, represents the
   maximum uplink bit-rate for the mobility session.  It is a variant of
   the AMBR term defined in Section 2.2.

   This attribute can be included in the Quality of Service option
   defined in Section 4.1 and it is an optional attribute.  There can
   only be a single instance of this attribute present in a QoS option.

   When this attribute is present in a Proxy Binding Update sent by a
   mobile access gateway, or in an Update Notification message [RFC7077]
   sent by the local mobility anchor, it indicates the maximum aggregate
   uplink bit-rate that is being requested for that mobility session.

   When this attribute is present in a Proxy Binding Acknowledgement
   message, or in an Update Notification Acknowledgement [RFC7077]
   message, it indicates the maximum aggregate uplink bit-rate that the
   peer agrees to offer for that mobility session.

   When a QoS option includes both the Per-Session-Agg-Max-UL-Bit-Rate
   attribute and the QOS Traffic Selector attribute (Section 4.2.10),
   then the QOS Traffic Selector attribute does not apply to this
   attribute.

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |     Type      |     Length    |S|E|         Reserved          |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                   Per-Session-Agg-Max-UL-Bit-Rate             |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

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   o  Type: 4

   o  Length: The length of the attribute in octets, excluding the Type
      and Length fields.  This value is set to (6).

   o  Service (S) flag: This flag is used for extending the scope of the
      target flows for Per-Session-Agg-Max-UL-Bit-Rate to mobile node's
      other mobility sessions sharing the same service identifier. 3GPP
      Access Point Name (APN) is an example of service identifier and
      that identifier is carried using the Service Selection mobility
      option [RFC5149].

      *  When the (S) flag is set to a value of (1), then the Per-
         Session-Agg-Max-UL-Bit-Rate is measured as an aggregate across
         all the mobile node's other mobility sessions sharing the same
         service identifier associated with this mobility session.

      *  When the (S) flag is set to a value of (0), then there is no
         special effect on the receiver.

      *  The (S) flag MUST NOT be set to a value of (1), when there is
         no service identifier associated with the mobility session.

   o  Exclude (E) flag: This flag is used to request that some flows be
      excluded from the target IP flows for which Per-Session-Agg-Max-
      UL-Bit-Rate is measured.

      *  SGS When the (E) flag is set to a value of (1), then the
         request is for excluding the IP flows for which Guaranteed-UL-
         Bit-Rate (Section 4.2.9) is negotiated, from the flows for
         which Per-Session-Agg-Max-UL-Bit-Rate is measured.

      *  When the (E) flag is set to a value of (0), then there is no
         special effect on the receiver.

      *  When the (S) flag and (E) flag are both set to a value of (1),
         then the request is for excluding all the IP flows sharing the
         service identifier associated with this mobility session, from
         the target flows for which Per-Session-Agg-Max-UL-Bit-Rate is
         measured.

   o  Reserved: This field is unused for now.  The value MUST be
      initialized by the sender to 0 and MUST be ignored by the
      receiver.

   o  Per-Session-Agg-Max-UL-Bit-Rate: is a 32-bit unsigned integer, and
      it indicates the aggregate maximum uplink bit-rate that is
      requested/allocated for all the IP flows associated with that

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      mobility session.  The measurement units for Per-Session-Agg-Max-
      UL-Bit-Rate are bits-per-second.

4.2.5.  Allocation and Retention Priority

   This attribute, Allocation-Retention-Priority, represents allocation
   and retention priority for the mobility session or a set of IP flows.
   It is defined in Section 2.2.

   This attribute can be included in the Quality of Service option
   defined in Section 4.1 and it is an optional attribute.  There can
   only be a single instance of this attribute present in a QoS option.

   When the QoS option includes both the Allocation and Retention
   Priority attribute and the QOS Traffic Selector attribute
   (Section 4.2.8), then the Allocation and Retention Priority attribute
   is to be applied at a flow level.  The traffic selector in the QOS
   Traffic Selector attribute identifies the target flows.

   When the QoS option including the Allocation and Retention Priority
   attribute does not include the QOS Traffic Selector attribute
   (Section 4.2.8), then the Allocation and Retention Priority attribute
   is to be applied to all the IP flows associated with that mobility
   session.

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |     Type      |     Length    |    Reserved   |   PL  |PC |PV |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   o  Type: 5

   o  Length: The length of the attribute in octets, excluding the Type
      and Length fields.  This value is set to (10).

   o  Reserved: This field is unused for now.  The value MUST be
      initialized by the sender to 0 and MUST be ignored by the
      receiver.

   o  Priority-Level (PL): is a 4-bit unsigned integer value.  It is
      used to decide whether a mobility session establishment or
      modification request can be accepted; this is typically used for
      admission control of Guaranteed Bit Rate traffic in case of
      resource limitations.  The priority level can also be used to
      decide which existing mobility session to pre-empt during resource
      limitations.  The priority level defines the relative timeliness
      of a resource request.

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      Values 1 to 15 are defined, with value 1 as the highest level of
      priority.

      Values 1 to 8 should only be assigned for services that are
      authorized to receive prioritized treatment within an operator
      domain.  Values 9 to 15 may be assigned to resources that are
      authorized by the home network and thus applicable when a mobile
      node is roaming.

   o  Preemption-Capability (PC): is a 2-bit unsigned integer value.  It
      defines whether a service data flow can get resources that were
      already assigned to another service data flow with a lower
      priority level.  The following values are defined:

      Enabled (0): This value indicates that the service data flow is
      allowed to get resources that were already assigned to another IP
      data flow with a lower priority level.

      Disabled (1): This value indicates that the service data flow is
      not allowed to get resources that were already assigned to another
      IP data flow with a lower priority level.  The values (2) and (3)
      are reserved.

   o  Preemption-Vulnerability (PV): is a 2-bit unsigned integer value.
      It defines whether a service data flow can lose the resources
      assigned to it in order to admit a service data flow with higher
      priority level.  The following values are defined:

      Enabled (0): This value indicates that the resources assigned to
      the IP data flow can be pre-empted and allocated to a service data
      flow with a higher priority level.

      Disabled (1): This value indicates that the resources assigned to
      the IP data flow shall not be pre-empted and allocated to a
      service data flow with a higher priority level.  The values (2)
      and (3) are reserved.

4.2.6.  Aggregate Maximum Downlink Bit Rate

   This attribute, Aggregate-Max-DL-Bit-Rate, represents the maximum
   downlink bit-rate for the mobility session.  It is a variant of the
   AMBR term defined in Section 2.2.

   This attribute can be included in the Quality of Service option
   defined in Section 4.1 and it is an optional attribute.  There can
   only be a single instance of this attribute present in a QoS option.

   When this attribute is present in a Proxy Binding Update sent by a

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   mobile access gateway, or in an Update Notification message sent by
   the local mobility anchor, it indicates the maximum aggregate bit-
   rate for downlink IP flows that is being requested.

   When this attribute is present in a Proxy Binding Acknowledgement
   message, or in an Update Notification Acknowledgement message, it
   indicates the maximum aggregate downlink bit-rate that the peer
   agrees to offer.

   When a QoS option includes both the Aggregate-Max-DL-Bit-Rate
   attribute and the QOS-Traffic-Selector attribute (Section 4.2.10),
   then the Aggregate-Max-DL-Bit-Rate attribute is to be enforced at a
   flow level and the traffic selectors present in the QOS-Traffic-
   Selector attribute identifies those target flows.

   When the QoS option that includes the Aggregate-Max-DL-Bit-Rate
   attribute does not include the QOS-Traffic-Selector attribute
   (Section 4.2.10), then the Aggregate-Max-DL-Bit-Rate attribute is to
   be applied to all the IP flows associated with the mobility session.

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |     Type      |     Length    |            Reserved           |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                   Aggregate-Max-DL-Bit-Rate                   |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   o  Type: 6

   o  Length: The length of the attribute in octets, excluding the Type
      and Length fields.  This value is set to (6).

   o  Reserved: This field is unused for now.  The value MUST be
      initialized by the sender to 0 and MUST be ignored by the
      receiver.

   o  Aggregate-Max-DL-Bit-Rate: is a 32-bit unsigned integer, and it
      indicates the aggregate maximum downlink bit-rate that is
      requested/allocated for downlink IP flows.  The measurement units
      for Aggregate-Max-DL-Bit-Rate are bits-per-second.

4.2.7.  Aggregate Maximum Uplink Bit Rate

   This attribute, Aggregate-Max-UL-Bit-Rate, represents the maximum
   uplink bit-rate for the mobility session.  It is a variant of the
   AMBR term defined in Section 2.2.

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   This attribute can be included in the Quality of Service option
   defined in Section 4.1 and it is an optional attribute.  There can
   only be a single instance of this attribute present in a QoS option.

   When this attribute is present in a Proxy Binding Update sent by a
   mobile access gateway, or in an Update Notification message sent by
   the local mobility anchor, it indicates the maximum aggregate uplink
   bit-rate that is being requested.

   When this attribute is present in a Proxy Binding Acknowledgement
   message, or in an Update Notification Acknowledgement message, it
   indicates the maximum aggregate uplink bit-rate that the peer agrees
   to offer.

   When a QoS option includes both the Aggregate-Max-UL-Bit-Rate
   attribute and the QOS-Traffic-Selector attribute (Section 4.2.10),
   then the Aggregate-Max-UL-Bit-Rate attribute is to be enforced at a
   flow level and the traffic selectors present in the QOS-Traffic-
   Selector attribute identifies those target flows.

   When the QoS option that includes the Aggregate-Max-UL-Bit-Rate
   attribute does not include the QOS-Traffic-Selector attribute
   (Section 4.2.10), then the Aggregate-Max-UL-Bit-Rate attribute is to
   be applied to all the IP flows associated with the mobility session.

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |     Type      |     Length    |            Reserved           |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                   Aggregate-Max-UL-Bit-Rate                   |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   o  Type: 7

   o  Length: The length of the attribute in octets, excluding the Type
      and Length fields.  This value is set to (6).

   o  Reserved: This field is unused for now.  The value MUST be
      initialized by the sender to 0 and MUST be ignored by the
      receiver.

   o  Per-Session-Agg-Max-UL-Bit-Rate: is a 32-bit unsigned integer, and
      it indicates the aggregate maximum uplink bit-rate that is
      requested/allocated for all the IP flows associated with that
      mobility session.  The measurement units for Aggregate-Max-UL-Bit-
      Rate are bits-per-second.

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4.2.8.  Guaranteed Downlink Bit Rate

   This attribute, Guaranteed-DL-Bit-Rate, represents the assured bit-
   rate on the downlink path that will be provided for a set of IP flows
   associated with a mobility session.  It is a variant of the GBR term
   defined in Section 2.2.

   This attribute can be included in the Quality of Service option
   defined in Section 4.1 and it is an optional attribute.  There can
   only be a single instance of this attribute present in a QoS option.

   When this attribute is present in a Proxy Binding Update sent by a
   mobile access gateway, or in a Update Notification message sent by
   the local mobility anchor, it indicates the guaranteed downlink bit-
   rate that is being requested.

   When this attribute is present in a Proxy Binding Acknowledgement
   message, or in an Update Notification Acknowledgement message, it
   indicates the guaranteed downlink bit-rate that the peer agrees to
   offer.

   When a QoS option includes both the Guaranteed-DL-Bit-Rate attribute
   and the QOS-Traffic-Selector attribute (Section 4.2.10), then the
   Guaranteed-DL-Bit-Rate attribute is to be enforced at a flow level
   and the traffic selectors present in the QOS-Traffic-Selector
   attribute identifies those target flows.

   When the QoS option that includes the Guaranteed-DL-Bit-Rate
   attribute does not include the QOS-Traffic-Selector attribute
   (Section 4.2.10), then the Guaranteed-DL-Bit-Rate attribute is to be
   applied to all the IP flows associated with the mobility session.

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |     Type      |     Length    |            Reserved           |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                    Guaranteed-DL-Bit-Rate                     |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   o  Type: 8

   o  Length: The length of the attribute in octets, excluding the Type
      and Length fields.  This value is set to (6).

   o  Reserved: This field is unused for now.  The value MUST be
      initialized by the sender to 0 and MUST be ignored by the
      receiver.

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   o  Guaranteed-DL-Bit-Rate: is of type unsigned 32-bit integer, and it
      indicates the guaranteed bandwidth in bits-per-second for downlink
      IP flows.  The measurement units for Guaranteed-DL-Bit-Rate are
      bits-per-second.

4.2.9.  Guaranteed Uplink Bit Rate

   This attribute, Guaranteed-UL-Bit-Rate, represents the assured bit-
   rate on the uplink path that will be provided for a set of IP flows
   associated with a mobility session.  It is a variant of the GBR term
   defined in Section 2.2.

   This attribute can be included in the Quality of Service option
   defined in Section 4.1 and it is an optional attribute.  There can
   only be a single instance of this attribute present in a QoS option.

   When this attribute is present in a Proxy Binding Update sent by a
   mobile access gateway, or in a Update Notification message sent by
   the local mobility anchor, it indicates the guaranteed uplink bit-
   rate that is being requested.

   When this attribute is present in a Proxy Binding Acknowledgement
   message, or in an Update Notification Acknowledgement message, it
   indicates the guaranteed uplink bit-rate that the peer agrees to
   offer.

   When a QoS option includes both the Guaranteed-UL-Bit-Rate attribute
   and the QOS-Traffic-Selector attribute (Section 4.2.10), then the
   Guaranteed-UL-Bit-Rate attribute is to be enforced at a flow level
   and the traffic selectors present in the QOS-Traffic-Selector
   attribute identifies those target flows.

   When the QoS option that includes the Guaranteed-UL-Bit-Rate
   attribute does not include the QOS-Traffic-Selector attribute
   (Section 4.2.10), then the Guaranteed-UL-Bit-Rate attribute is to be
   applied to all the IP flows associated with the mobility session.

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |     Type      |     Length    |            Reserved           |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                     Guaranteed-UL-Bit-Rate                    |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   o  Type: 9

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   o  Length: The length of the attribute in octets, excluding the Type
      and Length fields.  This value is set to (6).

   o  Reserved: This field is unused for now.  The value MUST be
      initialized by the sender to 0 and MUST be ignored by the
      receiver.

   o  Guaranteed-UL-Bit-Rate: is of type unsigned 32-bit integer, and it
      indicates the guaranteed bandwidth in bits-per-second for uplink
      IP flows.  The measurement units for Guaranteed-UL-Bit-Rate are
      bits-per-second.

4.2.10.  QoS Traffic Selector

   This attribute, QoS-Traffic-Selector, includes the parameters used to
   match packets for a set of IP flows.

   This attribute can be included in the Quality of Service option
   defined in Section 4.1 and it is an optional attribute.

   When a QoS option that includes the QoS-Traffic-Selector also
   includes any one or more of the attributes, Allocation-Retention-
   Priority (Section 4.2.5), Aggregate-Max-DL-Bit-Rate (Section 4.2.6),
   Aggregate-Max-UL-Bit-Rate (Section 4.2.7), Guaranteed-DL-Bit-Rate
   (Section 4.2.8), and Guaranteed-UL-Bit-Rate (Section 4.2.9), then
   those included attributes are to be enforced at a flow level and the
   traffic selectors present in the QoS-Traffic-Selector attribute
   identifies those target flows.  Furthermore, the DSCP marking in the
   QoS option is to be applied only to partial set of mobile node's IP
   flows and the traffic selectors present in the QoS-Traffic-Selector
   attribute identifies those target flows.

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |     Type      |     Length    |   Reserved    |    TS Format  |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   ~                        Traffic Selector ...                   ~
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   o  Type: 10

   o  Length: The length of the attribute in octets, excluding the Type
      and Length fields.

   o  Reserved: This field is unused for now.  The value MUST be
      initialized by the sender to 0 and MUST be ignored by the
      receiver.

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   o  TS Format: An 8-bit unsigned integer indicating the Traffic
      Selector Format.  Value (0) is reserved and MUST NOT be used.
      When the value of TS Format field is set to (1), the format that
      follows is the IPv4 Binary Traffic Selector specified in section
      3.1 of [RFC6088], and when the value of TS Format field is set to
      (2), the format that follows is the IPv6 Binary Traffic Selector
      specified in section 3.2 of [RFC6088].

   o  Traffic Selector: variable-length field for including the traffic
      specification identified by the TS format field.

4.2.11.  QoS Vendor Specific Attribute

   This attribute is used for carrying vendor specific QoS attributes.
   The interpretation and the handling of this option is specific to the
   vendor implementation.

   This attribute can be included in the Quality of Service option
   defined in Section 4.1 and it is an optional attribute.  There can be
   multiple instances of this attribute with different sub-type values
   present in a single QoS option.

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |     Type      |     Length    |             Reserved          |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                          Vendor ID                            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |    Sub-Type   |                   ...                         ~
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   o  Type: 11

   o  Length: The length of the attribute in octets, excluding the Type
      and Length fields.

   o  Reserved: This field is unused for now.  The value MUST be
      initialized by the sender to 0 and MUST be ignored by the
      receiver.

   o  Vendor ID: The Vendor ID is the SMI (Structure of Management
      Information) Network Management Private Enterprise Code of the
      IANA-maintained Private Enterprise Numbers registry [SMI].

   o  Sub-Type: An 8-bit field indicating the type of vendor-specific
      information carried in the option.  The name space for this Sub-
      type is managed by the Vendor identified by the Vendor ID field.

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4.3.  New Status Code for Proxy Binding Acknowledgement

   This document defines the following new Status Code value for use in
   Proxy Binding Acknowledgement message.

   CANNOT_MEET_QOS_SERVICE_REQUEST (Cannot meet QoS Service Request):
   <IANA-2>

4.4.  New Notification Reason for Update Notification Message

   This document defines the following new Notification Reason value for
   use in Update Notification message.

   QOS_SERVICE_REQUEST (QoS Service Requested): <IANA-3>

4.5.  New Status Code for Update Notification Acknowledgement Message

   This document defines the following new Status code value for use in
   Update Notification Acknowledgement message.

   CANNOT_MEET_QOS_SERVICE_REQUEST (Cannot meet QoS Service Request ):
   <IANA-4>

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5.  Protocol Considerations

5.1.  Local Mobility Anchor Considerations

   o  The conceptual Binding Cache entry data structure maintained by
      the local mobility anchor, described in Section 5.1 of [RFC5213],
      can be extended to store a list of negotiated Quality of Service
      requests to be enforced.  There can be multiple such entries and
      entry must include the Service Request Identifier, DSCP value and
      the attributes defined in Section Section 4.2.

   LMA Receiving a QoS Service Request:

   o  On receiving a Proxy Binding Update message with one or more
      instances of Quality of Service option included in the message,
      the local mobility anchor MUST process the option(s) and determine
      if the QoS service request for the proposed QoS service request(s)
      can be met.  Each instance of the Quality of Service option
      represents a specific QoS service request.  This determination to
      accept the request(s) can be based on policy configured on the
      local mobility anchor, available network resources, or based on
      other considerations.

   o  If the local mobility anchor can support the proposed QoS service
      requests in entirety, then it MUST send a Proxy Binding
      Acknowledgement message with a status code value of (0).

      *  The message MUST include all the Quality of Service option
         instances copied (including all the option content) from the
         received Proxy Binding Update message.  However, if the
         Operational Code field in the request is a QUERY, then the
         message MUST include all the Quality of Service option(s)
         reflecting the currently negotiated QoS service requests for
         that mobility session.

      *  The Operational Code field in each of the Quality of Service
         option(s) MUST be set to RESPONSE.

      *  The local mobility anchor MUST enforce the Quality of Service
         rules for all the negotiated QoS service requests on the mobile
         node's uplink and downlink traffic.

   o  If the local mobility anchor cannot support any of the requested
      QoS service requests in entirety, then it MUST reject the request
      and send a Proxy Binding Acknowledgement message with the status
      code value set to CANNOT_MEET_QOS_SERVICE_REQUEST (Cannot meet QoS
      Service Request).

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      *  The denial for QoS service request MUST NOT result in removal
         of the mobility session for that mobile node.

      *  The Operational Code field in each of the Quality of Service
         option(s) MUST be set to RESPONSE.

      *  The Proxy Binding Acknowledgement message may include the
         Quality of Service option based on the following
         considerations.

         +  If the local mobility anchor cannot support QoS services for
            that mobile node, then Quality of Service option MUST NOT be
            included in the Proxy Binding Acknowledgement message.  This
            serves as an indication to the mobile access gateway that
            QoS services are not supported for that mobile node.

         +  If the local mobility anchor can support QoS services for
            that mobile node, but for a downgraded/revised QoS service
            request, or for a partial set of QoS service requests, then
            the updated Quality of Service option(s) MUST be included in
            the Proxy Binding Acknowledgement message.  This includes
            the case, where the Attributes in a QoS option have
            conflicting requirements, Ex: Per-Session-Agg-Max-UL-Bit-
            Rate is lower than the Guaranteed-UL-Bit-Rate.  The contents
            of each of the option (including the QoS attributes) MUST
            reflect the QoS service parameters that the local mobility
            anchor can support for that mobile node.  The Operational
            Code field in each of the Quality of Service option(s) MUST
            be set to NEGOTIATE.  This serves as an indication for the
            mobile access gateway to resend the Proxy Binding Update
            message with the revised QoS parameters.

   LMA Sending a QoS Service Request:

   o  The local mobility anchor, at any time, can initiate a QoS service
      request for mobile node, by sending an Update Notification message
      [RFC7077].  The Notification Reason in the Update Notification
      message MUST be set to a value of QOS_SERVICE_REQUEST and the
      Acknowledgement Requested (A) flag set to a value of (1).

      *  New QoS service request:

         +  The message MUST include a Quality of Service option with
            one or more QoS attributes included in the option.

         +  The Operational Code field in the Quality of Service option
            MUST be set to ALLOCATE.

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         +  The Service Request Identifier MUST be set to a value of
            (0).

         +  The DSCP field in the Traffic Class (TC) field MUST reflect
            the requested DSCP value.

      *  Modification of an existing QoS Service Request:

         +  The message MUST include a Quality of Service option with
            the QoS attributes reflecting the updated values in the
            Attributes, and the updated list of Attributes.

         +  The Operational Code field in the Quality of Service option
            MUST be set to MODIFY.

         +  The Service Request Identifier MUST be set to a value that
            was allocated for that QoS service request.

         +  There can be more than one QOS service request in a single
            message, but there MUST be a instance of a Quality of
            Service option in the message for each of those service
            requests.

      *  Deletion of an existing QoS Service Request:

         +  The Operational Code field in the Quality of Service option
            MUST be set to DE-ALLOCATE.

         +  The Service Request Identifier MUST be set to a value that
            was allocated for that QoS service request.

         +  The message MUST include a Quality of Service option with
            the QoS attributes reflecting the updated values for the
            attributes.

      *  Query for the previously negotiated QoS Service Requests:

         +  The Operational Code field in the Quality of Service option
            MUST be set to QUERY.

         +  The Service Request Identifier MUST be set to a value of
            (0).

         +  The message MUST include a single instance of the Quality of
            Service option without including any QoS Attributes.

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   o  Handling a Response to the QoS Service Request:

      *  If the received Update Notification Acknowledgement [RFC7077]
         message has the status code field set to value of (0), the
         local mobility anchor MUST enforce the Quality of Service rules
         for the negotiated QoS parameters on the mobile node's uplink
         and downlink traffic.

      *  If the received Update Notification Acknowledgement message is
         with the status code field set to value of
         (CANNOT_MEET_QOS_SERVICE_REQUEST), the local mobility anchor
         MUST apply the following considerations.

         +  The denial of QoS service request MUST NOT result in removal
            of any of the mobile node's Binding Cache entries.

         +  If the message did not include any Quality of Service
            option(s), then it is an indication from the mobile access
            gateway that QoS services are not enabled for the mobile
            node.

         +  If the Operational Code field in the Quality of Service
            option is set to a value of NEGOTIATE and the message
            includes one or more instances of the Quality of Service
            option, but the option contents reflect a downgraded/revised
            set of QoS parameters, then the local mobility anchor MAY
            choose to agree to proposed QoS service request by resending
            a new Proxy Binding Update message with the updated Quality
            of Service option.

   General Considerations:

   o  Any time the local mobility anchor removes a mobile node's
      mobility session by removing a Binding Cache entry [RFC5213], for
      which QoS resources have been previously allocated, those
      allocated resources MUST be released.

   o  Any time the local mobility anchor receives a Proxy Binding Update
      with HI hint = 3 (inter-MAG handover), the local mobility anchor
      when sending a Proxy Binding Acknowledgement message MUST include
      the QoS option(s) for each of the QoS service requests that are
      active for that mobile node.  This allows the mobile access
      gateway to allocate QoS resources on the current path.  This is
      relevant for the scenario where a mobile node performs an handover
      to a new mobile access gateway which is unaware of the previously
      negotiated QoS services.

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5.2.  Mobile Access Gateway Considerations

   o  The conceptual Binding Update List entry data structure maintained
      by the mobile access gateway, described in Section 6.1 of
      [RFC5213], can be extended to store a list of negotiated Quality
      of Service requests to be enforced.  There can be multiple such
      entries and entry must include the Service Request Identifier,
      DSCP value and the attributes defined in Section Section 4.2.

   MAG Receiving a QoS Service Request:

   o  On receiving a Update Notification message with one or more
      instances of Quality of Service option included in the message,
      the mobile access gateway MUST process the option(s) and determine
      if the QoS service request for the proposed QoS service request(s)
      can be met.  Each instance of the Quality of Service option
      represents a specific QoS service request.  This determination to
      accept the request(s) can be based on policy configured on the
      mobile access gateway, available network resources, or based on
      other considerations.

   o  If the mobile access gateway can support the proposed QoS service
      requests in entirety, then it MUST send a an Update Notification
      Acknowledgement message with status code value of (0).

      *  The message MUST include all the Quality of Service option
         instances copied (including all the option content) from the
         received Update Notification message.  However, if the
         Operational Code field in the request is a QUERY, then the
         message MUST include all the Quality of Service option(s)
         reflecting the currently negotiated QoS service requests for
         that mobility session.

      *  The Operational Code field in each of the Quality of Service
         option(s) MUST be set to RESPONSE.

      *  The mobile access gateway MUST enforce the Quality of Service
         rules for all the negotiated QoS service requests on the mobile
         node's uplink and downlink traffic.

   o  If the mobile access gateway cannot support any of the requested
      QoS service requests in entirety, then it MUST reject the request
      and send an Update Notification Acknowledgement message with the
      status code set to CANNOT_MEET_QOS_SERVICE_REQUEST (Cannot meet
      QoS Service Request).

      *  The denial for QoS service request MUST NOT result in removal
         of the mobility session for that mobile node.

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      *  The Operational Code field in each of the Quality of Service
         option(s) MUST be set to RESPONSE.

      *  The Update Notification Acknowledgement message may include the
         Quality of Service option(s) based on the following
         considerations.

         +  If the mobile access gateway cannot support QoS services for
            that mobile node, then Quality of Service option MUST NOT be
            included in the Update Notification Acknowledgement message.
            This serves as an indication to the local mobility anchor
            that QoS services are not supported for that mobile node.

         +  If the mobile access gateway can support QoS services for
            that mobile node, but for a downgraded/revised QoS service
            request, or for a partial set of QoS service requests, then
            the updated Quality of Service option(s) MUST be included in
            the Update Notification Acknowledgement message.  This
            includes the case, where the Attributes in a QoS option have
            conflicting requirements, Ex: Per-Session-Agg-Max-UL-Bit-
            Rate is lower than the Guaranteed-UL-Bit-Rate.  The contents
            of each of the option (including the QoS attributes) MUST
            reflect the QoS service parameters that the mobile access
            gateway can support for that mobile node.  The Operational
            Code field in each of the Quality of Service option(s) MUST
            be set to NEGOTIATE.  This serves as an indication to the
            local mobility anchor to resend the Update Notification
            message with the revised QoS parameters.

   MAG Sending a QoS Service Request:

   o  The mobile access gateway, at any time, can initiate a QoS service
      request for a mobile node, by sending a Proxy Binding Update
      message.  The QoS service request can be initiated as part of the
      initial Binding registration, or during binding re-registrations.

      *  New QoS service request:

         +  The message MUST include a Quality of Service option with
            one or more QoS attributes included in the option.

         +  The Operational Code field in the Quality of Service option
            MUST be set to ALLOCATE.

         +  The Service Request Identifier MUST be set to a value of
            (0).

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         +  The DSCP value in the Traffic Class field MUST reflect the
            requested DSCP value.

      *  Modification of an existing QoS Service Request:

         +  The message MUST include a Quality of Service option with
            the QoS attributes reflecting the updated values in the
            Attributes, and the updated list of Attributes.

         +  The Operational Code field in the Quality of Service option
            MUST be set to MODIFY.

         +  The Service Request Identifier MUST be set to a value that
            was allocated for that QoS service request.

         +  There can be more than one QOS service request in a single
            message, but there MUST be a instance of a Quality of
            Service option in the message for each of those service
            requests.

      *  Deletion of an existing QoS Service Request:

         +  The Operational Code field in the Quality of Service option
            MUST be set to DE-ALLOCATE.

         +  The Service Request Identifier MUST be set to a value that
            was allocated for that QoS service request.

         +  The message MUST include a Quality of Service option with
            the QoS attributes reflecting the updated values for the
            attributes.

      *  Query for the previously negotiated QoS Service Requests:

         +  The Operational Code field in the Quality of Service option
            MUST be set to QUERY.

         +  The Service Request Identifier MUST be set to a value of
            (0).

         +  The message MUST include a single instance of the Quality of
            Service option without including any QoS Attributes.

   o  Handling a Response to the QoS Service Request:

      *  If the received Proxy Binding Acknowledgement message has the
         status code field set to a value of (0), the mobile access
         gateway MUST enforce the Quality of Service rules for the

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         negotiated QoS parameters on the mobile node's uplink and
         downlink traffic.

      *  If the received Proxy Binding Acknowledgement message has the
         status code field set to a value of
         (CANNOT_MEET_QOS_SERVICE_REQUEST), the mobile access gateway
         MUST apply the following considerations.

         +  The denial of QoS service request MUST NOT result in removal
            of any of the mobile node's Binding Update list entries.

         +  If the message did not include any Quality of Service
            option(s), then it is an indication from the local mobility
            anchor that QoS services are not enabled for the mobile
            node.

         +  If the Operational Code field in the Quality of Service
            option is set to a value of NEGOTIATE and the message
            includes one or more instances of the Quality of Service
            option, but the option contents reflect a downgraded/revised
            set of QoS parameters, then the mobile access gateway MAY
            choose to agree to proposed QoS service request by resending
            a new Proxy Binding Update message with the updated Quality
            of Service option.

      *  General Considerations:

         +  There can be more than one QOS service request in a single
            message, but there MUST be an instance of a Quality of
            Service option in the message for each of those service
            requests.  Furthermore, the DSCP value MUST be different in
            each of those requests.

         +  Any time the mobile access gateway removes a mobile node's
            mobility session by removing a Binding Update List entry
            [RFC5213], for which QoS resources have been previously
            allocated, those allocated resources MUST to be released.

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6.  QoS Services in Integrated WLAN-3GPP Networks

6.1.  Technical Scope and Procedure

   The QoS option specified in this document can provide the equivalent
   level of QoS information defined in 3GPP, which is used to enforce
   QoS policies for IP flows, which have been established while the
   mobile node is attached to WLAN access, or moved from 3GPP to WLAN
   access.  The QoS classification defined by the 3GPP specification is
   provided by Differentiated Services techniques in the IP transport
   network and translated as appropriate into WLAN QoS specification in
   WLAN access, the details of which are described in Appendix A and
   Appendix B.

   Figure 6 illustrates a generalized architecture where the QoS option
   can be used.  The QoS policies could be retrieved from a Policy
   Control Function (PCF), such as defined in current cellular mobile
   communication standards, which aims to assign an appropriate QoS
   class to a mobile node's individual flows.  Alternatively, more
   static and default QoS rules could be made locally available, e.g. on
   a local mobility anchor, through administration.

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           Non-cellular access       |  Cellular Core Network   Cellular
              (e.g. WLAN)            |      (e.g. EPC)           Access
                                     |                        (e.g.
                                     |         +-----------+     EUTRAN)
                                     |         |    PCF    |
                                     |         |(e.g. PCRF)|
             +----+                  |         +-----+-----+
             |WiFi|           (I)    |               |
             | AP |---+    +---+---+ |               |             ((O))
             +----+   |    |WiFi AR| |  PMIPv6    +-----+     +---+  |
                      +----+ (MAG) +=|============| LMA |=====|MAG+--|
                      |    |  WLC  | |  tunnel    +-----+     +---+  |
             +----+   |    +-------+ |             //
             |WiFi|---+              |            //
             | AP |                  |           //
             +----+           (II)   |          //
                           +-------+ |         //
   +----+    +------+      |WiFi AR| |        //
   |WiFi+----+  WLC +------+ (MAG) |=|=======//
   | AP |    |      |      |       | |
   +----+    +------+      +------ + |
                 ^            ^      |
                 |            |      |
                 +------------+
                QoS inter-working

   Figure 6: Architecture for QoS inter-working between cellular access
                          and non-cellular access

   During a mobile node's handover from cellular access to non-cellular
   access, e.g. a wireless LAN (WLAN) radio access network, the mobile
   node's QoS policy rules, as previously established on the local
   mobility anchor for the mobile node's communication through the
   cellular access network, are moved to the handover target mobile
   access gateway serving the non-cellular access network.  Such non-
   cellular mobile access gateway can have an access technology specific
   controller or function co-located, e.g. a Wireless LAN Controller
   (WLC), as depicted in option (I) of Figure 6.  Alternatively, the
   access specific architecture can be distributed and the access
   technology specific control function is located external to the
   mobile access gateway, as depicted in option (II).  In this case, the
   mobile access gateway and the access technology specific control
   function (e.g. the WLC) must provide some protocol for QoS inter-
   working.  Details of such inter-working are out of scope of this
   specification.

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6.2.  Relevant QoS Attributes

   The QoS Option shall at least contain a DSCP value being associated
   with IP flows of a mobility session.  The DSCP value should
   correspond to the 3GPP QoS Class Index (QCI), which identifies the
   type of service in term of QoS characteristics (e.g. conversational
   voice, streaming video, signaling, best effort,...); more details on
   DSCP and QCI mapping are given on section Appendix A.  Optional QoS
   information could also be added.  For instance, in order to comply
   with the bearer model defined in 3GPP [TS23.203], the following QoS
   parameters are conveyed for each PMIPv6 mobility session:

   o  Default, non-GBR bearer (QCI=5-9)

      *  DSCP={BE,AF11/21/31/32}

      *  Per-MN AMBR-UL/DL

      *  Per-Session AMBR-UL/DL {S=1,E=1}

      *  AARP

      APN (Access Point Name) is provided via the Service Selection ID
      defined in [RFC5149].  If APN is not interpreted by Wi-Fi AP, the
      latter will police only based on Per-MN AMBR-UL/DL (without Per-
      Session AMBR-UL/DL) on the Wi-Fi link.

   o  Dedicated, GBR bearer (QCI=1-4)

      *  DSCP={EF/AF41}

      *  GBR-UL/DL

      *  MBR-UL/DL

      *  AARP

      *  TS

      Wi-Fi AP will perform the policy enforcement with the minimum bit-
      rate=GBR and the maximum bitrate=MBR.

   o  Dedicated, non-GBR bearer (QCI=5-9)

      *  DSCP={BE,AF11/21/31/32}

      *  Per-MN AMBR-UL/DL

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      *  Per-Session AMBR-UL/DL {S=1,E=1}

      *  AARP

      *  TS

      If APN is not interpreted by Wi-Fi AP, it will police based only
      on Per-MN AMBR-UL/DL (without Per-Session AMBR-UL/DL) on the Wi-Fi
      link.

   If DSCP values follow the 3GPP specification and deployment, the code
   point can carry intrinsically additional attributes according to
   Figure 7.

   For some optional QoS attributes the signaling can differentiate
   enforcement per mobility session and per IP flow.  For the latter,
   the rule associated with the identified flow(s) overrules the
   aggregated rules which apply per Mobile Node or per Mobility Session.
   Additional attributes can be appended to the QoS option, but their
   definition and specification is out of scope of this document and
   left to their actual deployment.

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7.  IANA Considerations

   This document requires the following IANA actions.

   o  Action-1: This specification defines a new mobility option, the
      Quality of Service (QoS) option.  The format of this option is
      described in Section 4.1.  The type value <IANA-1> for this
      mobility option needs to be allocated from the Mobility Options
      registry at <http://www.iana.org/assignments/mobility-parameters>.
      RFC Editor: Please replace <IANA-1> in Section 4.1 with the
      assigned value and update this section accordingly.

   o  Action-2: This specification defines a new mobility attribute
      format, Quality of Service attribute.  The format of this
      attribute is described in Section 4.2.  This attribute can be
      carried in Quality of Service mobility option.  The type values
      for this attribute needs to be managed by IANA, under the
      Registry, Quality of Service Attribute Registry.  This registry
      should be created under "Mobile IPv6 Parameters" registry at
      <http://www.iana.org/assignments/mobility-parameters>.  This
      specification reserves the following type values and all other
      values are reserved for future IANA allocations.  Approval of new
      Quality of Service Attribute type values are to be made through
      IANA Expert Review.

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   +=====+=================================+=================+
   |Value|       Description               |   Reference     |
   +=====+=================================+=================+
   | 0   | Reserved                        | <this draft>    |
   +=====+===================================================+
   | 1   | Per-MN-Agg-Max-DL-Bit-Rate      | <this draft>    |
   +=====+===================================================+
   | 2   | Per-MN-Agg-Max-UL-Bit-Rate      | <this draft>    |
   +=====+===================================================+
   | 3   | Per-Session-Agg-Max-DL-Bit-Rate | <this draft>    |
   +=====+===================================================+
   | 4   | Per-Session-Agg-Max-UL-Bit-Rate | <this draft>    |
   +=====+===================================================+
   | 5   | Allocation-Retention-Priority   | <this draft>    |
   +=====+===================================================+
   | 6   | Aggregate-Max-DL-Bit-Rate       | <this draft>    |
   +=====+===================================================+
   | 7   | Aggregate-Max-UL-Bit-Rate       | <this draft>    |
   +=====+===================================================+
   | 8   | Guaranteed-DL-Bit-Rate          | <this draft>    |
   +=====+===================================================+
   | 9   | Guaranteed-UL-Bit-Rate          | <this draft>    |
   +=====+===================================================+
   | 10  | QoS-Traffic-Selector            | <this draft>    |
   +=====+===================================================+
   | 11  | QoS-Vendor-Specific-Attribtute  | <this draft>    |
   +=====+===================================================+
   | 255 | Reserved                        | <this draft>    |
   +=====+===================================================+

   o  Action-3: This document defines a new status value,
      CANNOT_MEET_QOS_SERVICE_REQUEST (<IANA-2>) for use in Proxy
      Binding Acknowledgement message, as described in Section 4.3.
      This value is to be assigned from the "Status Codes" registry at
      <http://www.iana.org/assignments/mobility-parameters>.  The
      allocated value has to be greater than 127.  RFC Editor: Please
      replace <IANA-2> in Section 4.3 with the assigned value and update
      this section accordingly.

   o  Action-4: This document defines a new Notification Reason,
      QOS_SERVICE_REQUEST (<IANA-3>) for use in Update Notification
      message [RFC7077] as described in Section 4.4.  This value is to
      be assigned from the "Update Notification Reasons Registry" at
      <http://www.iana.org/assignments/mobility-parameters>.  RFC
      Editor: Please replace <IANA-3> in Section 4.4 with the assigned
      value and update this section accordingly.

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   o  Action-5: This document defines a new Notification Reason,
      CANNOT_MEET_QOS_SERVICE_REQUEST (<IANA-4>) for use in Update
      Notification Acknowledgement message [RFC7077] as described in
      Section 4.5.  This value is to be assigned from the "Update
      Notification Acknowledgement Status Registry" at
      <http://www.iana.org/assignments/mobility-parameters>.  RFC
      Editor: Please replace <IANA-4> in Section 4.5 with the assigned
      value and update this section accordingly.

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8.  Implementation Status

   Note to RFC Editor: Please remove this section and the reference to
   [RFC6982] before publication.

   This section records the status of known implementations of the
   protocol defined by this specification at the time of posting of this
   Internet-Draft, and is based on a proposal described in [RFC6982].
   The description of implementations in this section is intended to
   assist the IETF in its decision processes in progressing drafts to
   RFCs.  Please note that the listing of any individual implementation
   here does not imply endorsement by the IETF.  Furthermore, no effort
   has been spent to verify the information presented here that was
   supplied by IETF contributors.  This is not intended as, and must not
   be construed to be, a catalog of available implementations or their
   features.  Readers are advised to note that other implementations may
   exist.

   According to [RFC6982], "this will allow reviewers and working groups
   to assign due consideration to documents that have the benefit of
   running code, which may serve as evidence of valuable experimentation
   and feedback that have made the implemented protocols more mature.
   It is up to the individual working groups to use this information as
   they see fit".

   Cisco Implementation

      Organization: Cisco

      Description: QoS Extensions to Cisco IOS-based MAG and LMA
      Implementations.  Engineering prototype code under development.

      Coverage: Support includes QoS signaling from MAG to LMA based on
      PBU/PBA and LMA to MAG based on the recently standardized UPN/UPA
      messages.  Implementation includes only a partial set of QoS
      attributes and support for other Attributes is under development.
      The QoS option is based on the Vendor-specific mobility option,
      but it has all the parameters defined in -07 version of the
      document.  We have plans to show a demo in the next IETF.

      Licensing: Closed.  However, cisco has plans to release the MAG
      portion of the code for Linux as open source.

      Implementation Experience: The feedback from the developer
      suggests that the protocol extensions needed for this
      specification proved to be reasonably straightforward.  Numerous
      draft revisions were made based on the questions and comments from
      the developer.  The effort to most part appears to be around

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      interfacing with the platform specific QoS features for enforcing
      the negotiated QoS parameters for a subscriber's IP session/flows.
      On Cisco IOS, there is a programmatic interface with rich
      semantics for interfacing with IOS MQC.  It needs to be seen as
      how this can be realized on a Linux OS.

      Contact: Sri Gundavelli (sgundave@cisco.com)

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9.  Security Considerations

   The quality of service option defined in this specification is for
   use in Proxy Binding Update, Proxy Binding Acknowledgement, Update
   Notification, and Update Notification Acknowledgement messages.  This
   option is carried in these message like any other mobility header
   option.  [RFC5213] and [RFC7077] identify the security considerations
   for these signaling messages.  The quality of service option when
   included in these signaling messages does not require additional
   security considerations.

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10.  Acknowledgements

   The authors of this document thank the NetExt Working Group for the
   valuable feedback to different versions of this specification.  In
   particular the authors want to thank Basavaraj Patil, Behcet
   Sarikaya, Charles Perkins, Dirk von Hugo, Mark Grayson, Tricci So,
   Ahmad Muhanna, Pete McCann, Byju Pularikkal, John Kaippallimalil,
   Rajesh Pazhyannur, Carlos J. Bernardos Cano, Michal Hoeft, Ryuji
   Wakikawa, Liu Dapeng, Seil Jeon, Georgios Karagiannis and Brian
   Haberman for their valuable comments and suggestions to improve this
   specification.

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11.  References

11.1.  Normative References

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [RFC5213]  Gundavelli, S., Leung, K., Devarapalli, V., Chowdhury, K.,
              and B. Patil, "Proxy Mobile IPv6", RFC 5213, August 2008.

   [RFC5844]  Wakikawa, R. and S. Gundavelli, "IPv4 Support for Proxy
              Mobile IPv6", RFC 5844, May 2010.

   [RFC6088]  Tsirtsis, G., Giarreta, G., Soliman, H., and N. Montavont,
              "Traffic Selectors for Flow Bindings", RFC 6088,
              January 2011.

   [RFC7077]  Krishnan, S., Gundavelli, S., Liebsch, M., Yokota, H., and
              J. Korhonen, "Update Notifications for Proxy Mobile IPv6",
              RFC 7077, November 2013.

11.2.  Informative References

   [GSMA.IR.34]
              GSMA, "Inter-Service Provider IP Backbone Guidelines 5.0",
              May 2013.

   [IEEE802.11-2012]
              IEEE, "Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control(MAC)
              and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications", 2012.

   [RFC2474]  Nichols, K., Blake, S., Baker, F., and D. Black,
              "Definition of the Differentiated Services Field (DS
              Field) in the IPv4 and IPv6 Headers", RFC 2474,
              December 1998.

   [RFC2475]  Blake, S., Black, D., Carlson, M., Davies, E., Wang, Z.,
              and W. Weiss, "An Architecture for Differentiated
              Services", RFC 2475, December 1998.

   [RFC4594]  Babiarz, J., Chan, K., and F. Baker, "Configuration
              Guidelines for DiffServ Service Classes", RFC 4594,
              August 2006.

   [RFC5149]  Korhonen, J., Nilsson, U., and V. Devarapalli, "Service
              Selection for Mobile IPv6", RFC 5149, February 2008.

   [RFC6982]  Sheffer, Y. and A. Farrel, "Improving Awareness of Running

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              Code: The Implementation Status Section", RFC 6982,
              July 2013.

   [SMI]      IANA, "PRIVATE ENTERPRISE NUMBERS", SMI Network Management
              Private Enterprise Codes, February 2011.

   [TS23.203]
              3GPP, "Policy and charging control architecture", 2013.

   [TS23.402]
              3GPP, "Architecture enhancements for non-3GPP accesses",
              2010.

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Appendix A.  Information when implementing 3GPP QoS in IP transport
             network

A.1.  Mapping tables

   Mapping between 3GPP QCI values and DSCP is defined in [GSMA.IR.34]
   as follows.

   +=====+================+===========================+======+
   | QCI | Traffic Class  | DiffServ Per-Hop-Behavior | DSCP |
   +=====+================+===========================+======+
   |  1  | Conversational |              EF           |101110|
   +=====+===================================================+
   |  2  | Conversational |              EF           |101110|
   +=====+===================================================+
   |  3  | Conversational |              EF           |101110|
   +=====+===================================================+
   |  4  |   Streaming    |             AF41          |100010|
   +=====+===================================================+
   |  5  |  Interactive   |             AF31          |011010|
   +=====+===================================================+
   |  6  |  Interactive   |             AF32          |011100|
   +=====+===================================================+
   |  7  |  Interactive   |             AF21          |010010|
   +=====+===================================================+
   |  8  |  Interactive   |             AF11          |001010|
   +=====+===================================================+
   |  9  |   Background   |              BE           |000000|
   +=====+===================================================+

                     Figure 7: QCI/DSCP Mapping Table

   Mapping between QoS attributes defined in this document and 3GPP QoS
   parameters is as follows.

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          +=======+===============================+=============+
          |Section|        PMIPv6 QoS             |  3GPP QoS   |
          |       |        Attribute              | Parameter   |
          +=======+===============================+=============+
          | 4.2.1 |   Per-MN-Agg-Max-DL-Bit-Rate  |  UE AMBR-DL |
          +-------+-------------------------------+-------------+
          | 4.2.2 |   Per-MN-Agg-Max-UL-Bit-Rate  |  UE AMBR-UL |
          +-------+-------------------------------+-------------+
          | 4.2.3 |Per-Session-Agg-Max-DL-Bit-Rate| APN AMBR-DL |
          |       |          Flags: (S=1, E=1)    |             |
          +-------+-------------------------------+-------------+
          | 4.2.4 |Per-Session-Agg-Max-UL-Bit-Rate| APN AMBR-UL |
          |       |          Flags: (S=1, E=1)    |             |
          +-------+-------------------------------+-------------+
          | 4.2.5 | Allocation-Retention-Priority |     ARP     |
          +-------+-------------------------------+-------------+
          | 4.2.6 |   Aggregate-Max-DL-Bit-Rate   |    MBR-DL   |
          +-------+-------------------------------+-------------+
          | 4.2.7 |   Aggregate-Max-UL-Bit-Rate   |    MBR-UL   |
          +-------+-------------------------------+-------------+
          | 4.2.8 |    Guaranteed-DL-Bit-Rate     |    GBR-DL   |
          +-------+-------------------------------+-------------+
          | 4.2.9 |    Guaranteed-UL-Bit-Rate     |    GBR-UL   |
          +-------+-------------------------------+-------------+
          | 4.2.10|     QoS-Traffic-Selector      |     TFT     |
          +-------+-------------------------------+-------------+

      Figure 8: QoS attributes and 3GPP QoS parameters Mapping Table

A.2.  Use cases and protocol operations

   This subsections provide example message flow charts for scenarios
   where the QoS option extensions will apply as described in
   (Section 6.1), to the protocol operation for QoS rules establishment
   as shown in Appendix A.2.1 and Appendix A.2.2, and modification as
   show in Appendix A.2.3.

A.2.1.  Handover of existing QoS rules

   In Figure 9, the MN is first connected to the LTE network, and having
   a multimedia session such as a video call with appropriate QoS
   parameters set by the Policy Control Function.  Then, the MN
   discovers a Wi-Fi AP (e.g., at home or in a cafe) and switches to it
   provided that Wi-Fi access has a higher priority when available.  Not
   only is the session continued, but also the QoS is maintained after
   moving to the Wi-Fi access.  In order for that to happen, the LMA
   delivers the QoS parameters according to the bearer type on the 3GPP

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   access to the MAG via the PMIPv6 signaling with the QoS option
   (OC=ALLOCATE, SR-ID, QoS attributes, etc.).  The equivalent QoS
   treatment is provided by the Wi-Fi AP toward the MN on the Wi-Fi
   link.

                                              +--------+
                                              |Policy  |
                                              |Control |
                                              |Function|
                                              +---+----+
                                                  |
          +----+       +-------+              +---+----+
    +--+  |LTE |_______|  SGW  |              |  PGW   |
    |MN|~~|eNB |       |       |==============| (LMA)  |
    +--+  +----+       +-------+            //+--------+
     :                                     //
     :                                    //
     V    +----+       +-------+ PMIPv6  //
    +--+  |WiFi|_______|  WLC  |=========
    |MN|~~| AP |       | (MAG) | tunnel
    +--+  +----+       +-------+

              Figure 9: Handover Scenario (from LTE to WLAN)

   Figure 10 shows an example of how the QoS rules can be conveyed and
   enforced between the LMA and MN in the case of handover from 3GPP
   access to WLAN access.

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   +--+            +--+             +---+                       +---+
   |MN|            |AP|             |MAG|                       |LMA|
   +--+            +--+             +---+                       +---+
    ||              |                 |     To                    |data
    |+--detach      |                 |  cellular<-==data[DSCP]==-|<----
    +----attach-----+                 |   access             [QoS rules]
    |               |-INFO[MNattach]->|                           |
    |               |                 |-------PBU[handover]------>|
    |               |                 |                           |
    |               |                 |<--PBA[QoS option(OC=1 )]--|
    |               |<-INFO[QoSrules]-|                           |
    |               |                 |                           |
    |             Apply            Establish                   Update
    |             mapped          MN's uplink              MN's downlink
    |            QoS rules        DSCP rules                 DSCP rules
    |               |                 +===========================+
    |               |                 |                           |
    |               |(B)              |(A)                        |data
    |<--data[QC]----|<---data[DSCP]---|<-======data[DSCP]========-|<----
    |               |                 |                           |
    |               |                 |                           |data
    |---data[QC]--->|-->data[DSCP]--->|-=======data[DSCP]=======->|--->
    |               |(C)              |(D)                        |
    |               |                 |                           |

    (A): Apply DSCP at link to AP
    (B): Enforce mapped QoS rules to access technology
    (C): Map MN-indicated QoS Class (QC) to DSCP on the AP-MAG link, or
         validate MN-indicated QC and apply DSCP on the AP-MAG link
         according to QoS rules
    (D): Validate received DSCP and apply DSCP according to QoS rules

                     Figure 10: Handover of QoS rules

A.2.2.  Establishment of QoS rules

   A single operator has deployed both a fixed access network and a
   mobile access network.  In this scenario, the operator may wish a
   harmonized QoS management on both accesses, but the fixed access
   network does not implement a QoS control framework.  So, the operator
   chooses to rely on the 3GPP policy control function, which is a
   standard framework to provide a QoS control, and to enforce the 3GPP
   QoS policy on the Wi-Fi Access network.  The PMIP interface is used
   to realize this QoS policy provisioning.

   The use-case is depicted on Figure 11.  The MN first attaches to the
   Wi-Fi network.  During the attachment process, the LMA, which may

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   communicate with Policy Control Function (using procedures outside
   the scope of this document), provides the QoS parameters to the MAG
   via the QoS option (OC=ALLOCATE) in the PMIP signaling (i.e.  PBA).
   Subsequently, an application on the MN may trigger the request for
   alternative QoS resources, e.g., by use of the WMM-API.  The MN may
   request traffic resources be reserved using L2 signaling, e.g.,
   sending an ADDTS message [IEEE802.11-2012].  The request is relayed
   to the MAG which includes the QoS parameters in the QoS option
   (OC=ALLOCATE) on the PMIP signaling (i.e. the PBU initiated upon flow
   creation).  The LMA, in co-ordination with the PCF, can then
   authorize the enforcement of such QoS policy.  Then, the QoS
   parameters are provided to the MAG via the QoS option (OC=ALLOCATE,
   SR-ID, QoS attributes, etc.) in the PMIP signaling and the equivalent
   QoS treatment is provided towards the MN on the Wi-Fi link.

                                            |
                                            |
                                            | +--------+
                                            | |Policy  |
                                            | |Control |
                                            | |Function|
                                            | +---+----+
                                            |     |
                                            | +---+----+
              +----+       +-------+ PMIPv6 | |  PGW   |
        +--+  |WiFi|_______|  WLC  |========|=| (LMA)  |
        |MN|~~| AP |       | (MAG) | tunnel | +--------+
        +--+  +----+       +-------+        |
                                            |
                         Wi-Fi Access       |
                          Network           |   Cellular
                                            |    Network
                                            |

                    Figure 11: QoS policy provisioning

   Figure 12 shows an example of how the QoS rules can be conveyed and
   enforced between the LMA and MN in the case of initial attachment to
   WLAN access.

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   +--+            +--+             +---+                       +---+
   |MN|            |AP|-------------|MAG|-----------------------|LMA|
   +--+            +--+             +---+                       +---+
    |               |                 |                           |
    |               |                 |                           |
    +----attached---+                 |                      [QoS rules]
    |               |                 |                           |
   new session      |(E)              |(F)                        |data
    |----data[QC]-->|---data[DSCPa]-->|-======data[DSCPb]=======->|--->
    |               |                 |--PBU[update,QoS option]-->|
    |               |                 |     (ReReg) (OC=1) Validate and
    |               |                 |                     add QoS rule
    |               |                 |<----PBA[QoS option]----|
    |               |<-INFO[QoSrules]-|        (OC=1, SR-ID)[QoS rules']
    |               |                 |                           |
    |             Apply           Establish                       |
    |            adapted         MN's uplink                      |
    |           QoS rules        DSCP rules                       |
    |               |                 |                           |
    |               |                 |                           |
    |               |                 |                           |data
    |<--data[QC]----|<---data[DSCP]---|<-======data[DSCP]========-|<----
    |               |                 |                           |
    |               |                 |                           |data
    |---data[QC]--->|-->data[DSCP]--->|-=======data[DSCP]=======->|--->
    |               |                 |                           |
    |               |                 |                           |

    (E): AP may enforce uplink QoS rules according to priority class
         set by the MN
    (F): MAG can enforce a default QoS class until local mobility anchor
         has classified the new flow (notified with PBA) or mobile
         access gateway classifies new flow and proposes the associated
         QoS class to the local mobility anchor for validation (proposed
         with PBU, notification of validation result with PBA)

      Figure 12: Adding new QoS Service Request for MN initiated flow

A.2.3.  Dynamic Update to QoS Policy

   A mobile node is attached to the WLAN access and has obtained QoS
   parameters from the LMA for that mobility session.  Having obtained
   the QoS parameters, a new application, e.g.  IMS application, gets
   launched on the mobile node that requires certain QoS support.

   The application on the mobile node initiates the communications via a
   dedicated network function (e.g.  IMS Call Session Control Function).

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   Once the communication is established, the application network
   function notifies the PCF about the new IP flow.  The PCF function in
   turn notifies the LMA about the needed QoS parameters identifying the
   IP flow and QoS parameters.  LMA sends an Update Notification message
   [RFC7077] to the MAG with the Notification Reason value set to
   "QOS_SERVICE_REQUEST".  The MAG, on receiving the Update Notification
   message, completes the PBU/PBA signaling for obtaining the new QoS
   parameters via the QoS options (OC=MODIFY, SR-ID, QoS attributes,
   etc.).  The MAG provisions the newly obtained QoS parameters on the
   access network to ensure the newly established IP flow gets its
   requested network resources.

   Upon termination of the established IP flow, the application network
   function again notifies the PCF function for removing the established
   QoS parameters.  The PCF notifies the LMA for withdrawing the QoS
   resources established for that voice flow.  The LMA sends an Update
   Notification message to the MAG with the "Notification Reason" value
   set to "FORCE-REREGISTRATION".  The MAG on receiving this message
   Update Notification Acknowledgement and completes the PBU/PBA
   signaling for removing the existing QoS rules (OC=DE-ALLOCATE,
   SR-ID).  The MAG then removes the QoS parameters from the
   corresponding IP flow and releases the dedicated network resources on
   the access network.

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Appendix B.  Information when implementing PMIP based QoS support with
             IEEE 802.11e

   This section shows, as an example, the end-to-end QoS management with
   a 802.11e capable WLAN access link and a PMIP based QoS support.

   The 802.11e, or Wi-Fi Multimedia (WMM), specification provides
   prioritization of packets for four types of traffic, or access
   categories (AC):

      Voice (AC_VO): Very high priority queue with minimum delay.  Time-
      sensitive data such as VoIP and streaming mode are automatically
      sent to this queue.

      Video (AC_VI): High priority queue with low delay.  Time-sensitive
      video data is automatically sent to this queue.

      Best effort (AC_BE): Medium priority queue with medium throughput
      and delay.  Most traditional IP data is sent to this queue.

      Background (AC_BK): Lowest priority queue with high throughput.
      Bulk data that requires maximum throughput but is not time-
      sensitive (for example, FTP data) is sent to the queue.

   The access point uses the 802.11e indicator to prioritize traffic on
   the WLAN interface.  On the wired side, the access point uses the
   802.1p priority tag and DiffServ code point (DSCP).  To allow
   consistent QoS management on both wireless and wired interfaces, the
   access point relies on the 802.11e specification which define mapping
   between the 802.11e access categories and the IEEE 802.1D priority
   (802.1p tag).  The end-to-end QoS architecture is depicted on
   Figure 13 and the 802.11e/802.1D priority mapping is reminded in the
   following table:

                      +-----------+------------------+
                      | 802.1e AC | 802.1D priority  |
                      +-----------+------------------+
                      |  AC_VO    |       7,6        |
                      +-----------+------------------+
                      |  AC_VI    |       5,4        |
                      +-----------+------------------+
                      |  AC_BE    |       0,3        |
                      +-----------+------------------+
                      |  AC_BK    |       2,1        |
                      +-----------+------------------+

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                +=============+                          +-----+
                 DSCP/802.1p                             | PDP |
                 mapping table                           +-----+
                +=============+     PEP                     |
                         `._     +---+---+                  |
                            `._  |WiFi AR|    PMIPv6     +-----+
                               - + (MAG) +===============| LMA |
                                 |  WLC  |    tunnel     +-----+
                                 +-------+                 PEP
                                     |
                    ==Video==   802.1p/DSCP
                    ==Voice==        |
                    == B.E.==     +----+
             +----+               |WLAN| PEP
             | MN |----802.11e----| AP |
             +----+               +----+

             Figure 13: End-to-end QoS management with 802.11e

   When receiving a packet from the MN, the AP checks whether the frame
   contains 802.11e markings in the L2 header.  If not, the AP checks
   the DSCP field.  If the uplink packet contains the 802.11e marking,
   the access point maps the access categories to the corresponding
   802.1D priority as per the table above.  If the frame does not
   contain 802.11e marking, the access point examines the DSCP field.
   If DSCP is present, the AP maps DSCP values to a 802.1p value (i.e
   802.1D priority).  This mapping is not standardized and may differ
   between operator; a mapping example given in the following table.

                +-------------------+--------+------------+
                | Type of traffic   | 802.1p | DSCP value |
                +-------------------+--------+------------+
                |  Network Control  |   7    |     56     |
                +-------------------+--------+------------+
                |  Voice            |   6    |  46 (EF)   |
                +-------------------+--------+------------+
                |  Video            |   5    | 34 (AF 41) |
                +-------------------+--------+------------+
                |  voice control    |   4    | 26 (AF 31) |
                +-------------------+--------+------------+
                | Background Gold   |   2    | 18 (AF 21) |
                +-------------------+--------+------------+
                | Background Silver |   1    | 10 (AF 11) |
                +-------------------+--------+------------+
                |  Best effort      |  0,3   |  0 (BE)    |
                +-------------------+--------+------------+

   The access point prioritizes ingress traffic on the Ethernet port

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   based on the 802.1p tag or the DSCP value.  If 802.1p priority tag is
   not present, the access point checks the DSCP/802.1p mapping table.
   The next step is to map the 802.1p priority to the appropriate egress
   queue.  When 802.11e support is enabled on the wireless link, the
   access point uses the IEEE standardized 802.1p/802.11e correspondence
   table to map the traffic to the appropriate hardware queues.

   When the 802.11e capable client sends traffic to the AP, it usually
   marks packets with a DSCP value.  In that case, the MAG/LMA can come
   into play for QoS renegotiation and call flows depicted in Appendix A
   apply.  Sometimes, when communication is initiated on the WLAN
   access, the application does not mark upstream packets.  If the
   uplink packet does not contain any QoS marking, the AP/MAG could
   determine the DSCP field according to traffic selectors received from
   the LMA.  Figure 14 gives the call flow corresponding to that use-
   case and shows where QoS tags mapping does come into play.  The main
   steps are as follows:

      (A): during MN attachment process, the MAG fetches QoS policies
      from the LMA.  After this step, both MAG and LMA are provisioned
      with QoS policies.

      (B): the MN starts a new IP communication without making IP
      packets with DSCP tags.  The MAG uses the traffic selector to
      determine the DSCP value, then it marks the IP packet and forwards
      within the PMIP tunnel.

      (C): the LMA checks the DSCP value with respect to the traffic
      selector.  If the QoS policies is valid, the LMA forwards the
      packet without renegotiating the QoS rules.

      (D): when receiving a marked packet, the MAG, the AP and the MN
      use 802.11e (or WMM), 802.1p tags and DSCP values to prioritize
      the traffic.

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     +--+            +--+             +---+                     +---+
     |MN|            |AP|             |MAG|                     |LMA|
     +--+            + -+             +---+                     +---+
   (A)|----attach-----|---------------->|-----------PBU---------->|
      |<--------------|---------------- |<----PBA[QoS option]-----|
      .               .            [QoS rules]              [QoS rules]
   (B).               .                 .                         |
     new session      |                 |                         |
      |----data[]---->|----data[]------>|-======data[DSCP]======->|
      |               |                 |                         |
   (C)|               |                 |              Validate QoS rule
      |               |                 |                         |--->
      |               |                 |<======data[DSCP]========|<----
      |               |                 |                         |
      |               |               mapping                     |
   (D)|               |            DSCP/802.1p                    |
      |               |<----data--------|                         |
      |               |  [802.1p/DSCP]  |                         |
      |               |                 |                         |
      |             mapping             |                         |
      |          802.1p/802.11e         |                         |
      |<--data[WMM]---|                 |                         |
      |               |                 |                         |
      |---data[WMM]-->|------data------>|=======data[DSCP]=======>|--->
      |               |  [802.1p/DSCP]  |                         |
      |               |                 |                         |

      Figure 14: Prioritization of a flow created on the WLAN access

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Appendix C.  Information when implementing with a Broadband Network
             Gateway

   This section shows an example of QoS interworking between the PMIPv6
   domain and the broadband access.  The Broadband Network Gateway (BNG)
   or Broadband Remote Access Server (BRAS) has the MAG function and the
   CPE (Customer Premise Equipment) or Residential Gateway (RG) is
   connected via the broadband access network.  The MN is attached to
   the RG via e.g., Wi-Fi AP in the broadband home network.  In the
   segment of the broadband access network, the BNG and RG are the
   Policy Enforcement Point (PEP) for the downlink and uplink traffic,
   respectively.  The QoS information is downloaded from the LMA to the
   BNG via the PMIPv6 with the QoS option defined in this document.
   Based on the received QoS parameters (e.g., DSCP values), the
   broadband access network and the RG provide appropriate QoS treatment
   to the downlink and uplink traffic to/from the MN.

                                                         +-----+
                                                         | PDP |
                                                         +-----+
                                    PEP                     |
                                 +-------+                  |
                                 | BNG/  |    PMIPv6     +-----+
                                 | BRAS  +===============| LMA |
                                 | (MAG) |    tunnel     +-----+
                                 +-------+                 PEP
                      Broadband  (   |   )
                        Access  (   DSCP  )
                       Network   (   |   )
                                  +-----+
               +----+             | CPE | PEP
               | MN |-------------| /RG |
               +----+  Broadband  +-----+
                      Home Network

      Figure 15: End-to-end QoS management with the broadband access
                                  network

   In the segment of the broadband access network, QoS mapping between
   3GPP QCI values and DSCP described in Section 6.2 is applied.  In the
   segment of the broadband home network, if the MN is attached to the
   RG via Wi-Fi, the same QoS mapping as described in Appendix B can be
   applied.

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Authors' Addresses

   Marco Liebsch
   NEC
   Kurfuersten-Anlage 36
   Heidelberg  D-69115
   Germany

   Email: liebsch@neclab.eu

   Pierrick Seite
   Orange
   4, rue du Clos Courtel, BP 91226
   Cesson-Sevigne  35512
   France

   Email: pierrick.seite@orange.com

   Hidetoshi Yokota
   KDDI Lab
   2-1-15 Ohara
   Saitama, Fujimino  356-8502
   Japan

   Email: yokota@kddilabs.jp

   Jouni Korhonen
   Broadcom Communications
   Porkkalankatu 24
   Helsinki  FIN-00180
   Finland

   Email: jouni.nospam@gmail.com

   Sri Gundavelli
   Cisco
   170 West Tasman Drive
   San Jose, CA  95134
   USA

   Email: sgundave@cisco.com

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