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DNS Server Statistics Management Information Base (MIB)
draft-perreault-dnsop-stats-mib-00

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This is an older version of an Internet-Draft whose latest revision state is "Expired".
Authors Simon Perreault , Jacques Latour , Jake Zack
Last updated 2012-04-24
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draft-perreault-dnsop-stats-mib-00
Network Working Group                                       S. Perreault
Internet-Draft                                                  Viagenie
Intended status: Standards Track                               J. Latour
Expires: October 25, 2012                                        J. Zack
                                          Canadian Internet Registration
                                                        Authority (CIRA)
                                                          April 23, 2012

        DNS Server Statistics Management Information Base (MIB)
                   draft-perreault-dnsop-stats-mib-00

Abstract

   This memo defines a portion of the Management Information Base (MIB)
   for monitoring statistics of DNS servers.

Status of this Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on October 25, 2012.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2012 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

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Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
     1.1.  Use Case: TLD Operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
   2.  Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
     2.1.  Counters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
     2.2.  Multiple DNS Server Instances  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
   3.  Definitions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
   4.  Security Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
   5.  IANA Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
   6.  Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
   7.  References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
     7.1.  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
     7.2.  Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
   Appendix A.  Open Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
   Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

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1.  Introduction

   Monitoring statistics of DNS servers is a common task.  In the case
   of top-level domain (TLD) operators, it can be crucial to the well-
   being of the Internet.

   This document defines managed objects for monitoring statistics of a
   DNS server.  It is intentionally read-only: there is no way to alter
   the state of a DNS server using this module.  The vast majority of
   the objects are simple, self-explanatory counters.

   Managing the configuration of a server, changing zones, and
   triggering any action is out of scope.

   Related work:  A MIB prototype has been proposed for Bind 10: <http:/
      /bind10.isc.org/attachment/wiki/StatsModule/ISC-BIND10-MIB.txt>.

1.1.  Use Case: TLD Operator

   A popular model for a TLD operator is to make use of third-party DNS
   service providers.  To increase resilience and availability, more
   than one service provider can be used.  This can be in addition to a
   self-operated DNS service.  These services are typically deployed
   using anycast.

   It is necessary for the TLD operator to obtain management data from
   each anycast node in order to accomplish tasks such as capacity
   planning, DDoS mitigation, resilience planning, etc.  When multiple
   parties are involved, a standard management protocol is necessary.

2.  Overview

2.1.  Counters

   This MIB defines several counters.  As a best practice, a management
   entity, when reading these counters, should use the discontinuity
   object, dnsStatsDiscontinuityTime, to determine if an event that
   would invalidate the management entity understanding of the counters
   has occurred.  A restart of the DNS server process is a possible
   example of a discontinuity event.

2.2.  Multiple DNS Server Instances

   SNMPv3 supports "Contexts" that can be used to implement MIB views on
   multiple DNS server instances on the same system.  See [RFC3411] or
   its successors for details.

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3.  Definitions

   This MIB module IMPORTs objects from [RFC2578] and [RFC2579].

DNS-STATS-MIB DEFINITIONS ::= BEGIN

IMPORTS
    MODULE-IDENTITY, OBJECT-TYPE, Integer32, Counter64, mib-2
        FROM SNMPv2-SMI

    TEXTUAL-CONVENTION, TimeStamp
        FROM SNMPv2-TC;

dnsStatsMIB MODULE-IDENTITY
    LAST-UPDATED "200001010000Z"
    ORGANIZATION "TBD"
    CONTACT-INFO "TBD"
    DESCRIPTION
        "This MIB module defines statistics counters for DNS servers."

    REVISION "200001010000Z"
    DESCRIPTION
        "TBD"

    ::= { mib-2 9999 }

-- table of contents

dnsStatsGeneral          OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { dnsStatsMIB 1 }
dnsStatsCounters         OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { dnsStatsMIB 2 }
    dnsStatsCntInRequest OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { dnsStatsCounters 1 }
    dnsStatsCntInQuery   OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { dnsStatsCounters 2 }
    dnsStatsCntOutQuery  OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { dnsStatsCounters 3 }
    dnsStatsCntServer    OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { dnsStatsCounters 4 }
dnsStatsConformance      OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { dnsStatsMIB 3 }
    dnsStatsGroups       OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { dnsStatsConformance 1 }
    dnsStatsCompliance   OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { dnsStatsConformance 2 }

-- textual conventions

DnsOpCode ::= TEXTUAL-CONVENTION
    DISPLAY-HINT "d"
    STATUS current
    DESCRIPTION
        "This textual convention is used to represent the DNS OPCODE
         values used in the header section of DNS messages.  Existing

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         standard OPCODE values are listed at
         <http://www.iana.org/assignments/dns-parameters>."
    SYNTAX Integer32 (0..15)

DnsType ::= TEXTUAL-CONVENTION
    DISPLAY-HINT "d"
    STATUS current
    DESCRIPTION
        "This data type is used to represent the type values which
         appear in Resource Records in the DNS.  A 16-bit unsigned
         integer is used to allow room for new record types to be
         defined.  Existing standard types are listed at
         <http://www.iana.org/assignments/dns-parameters>."
    SYNTAX Integer32 (0..65535)

-- general stuff

dnsStatsDiscontinuityTime OBJECT-TYPE
    SYNTAX TimeStamp
    MAX-ACCESS read-only
    STATUS current
    DESCRIPTION
        "The value of sysUpTime on the most recent occasion at which any
         one of this MIB's counters suffered a discontinuity.

         If no such discontinuities have occurred since the last
         re-initialization of the local management subsystem, then this
         object contains a zero value."
    ::= { dnsStatsGeneral 1 }

-- counters

--- incoming requests

dnsStatsCntInRequestTotal OBJECT-TYPE
    SYNTAX Counter64
    MAX-ACCESS read-only
    STATUS current
    DESCRIPTION
        "Total number of incoming DNS requests."
    ::= { dnsStatsCntInRequest 1 }

dnsStatsCntInRequestTable OBJECT-TYPE
    SYNTAX SEQUENCE OF DnsStatsCntInRequestEntry
    MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
    STATUS current

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    DESCRIPTION
        "The number of incoming DNS requests for each OPCODE."
    ::= { dnsStatsCntInRequest 2 }

dnsStatsCntInRequestEntry OBJECT-TYPE
    SYNTAX DnsStatsCntInRequestEntry
    MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
    STATUS current
    DESCRIPTION
        "The number of incoming DNS requests for a single OPCODE."
    INDEX { dnsStatsCntInRequestOpcode }
    ::= { dnsStatsCntInRequestTable 1 }

DnsStatsCntInRequestEntry ::=
    SEQUENCE {
        dnsStatsCntInRequestOpcode   DnsOpCode,
        dnsStatsCntInRequestCount    Counter64
    }

dnsStatsCntInRequestOpcode OBJECT-TYPE
    SYNTAX DnsOpCode
    MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
    STATUS current
    DESCRIPTION
        "DNS OPCODE of incoming requests."
    ::= { dnsStatsCntInRequestEntry 1 }

dnsStatsCntInRequestCount OBJECT-TYPE
    SYNTAX Counter64
    MAX-ACCESS read-only
    STATUS current
    DESCRIPTION
        "The number of incoming DNS requests for a single OPCODE."
    ::= { dnsStatsCntInRequestEntry 2 }

--- incoming queries

dnsStatsCntInQueryTotal OBJECT-TYPE
    SYNTAX Counter64
    MAX-ACCESS read-only
    STATUS current
    DESCRIPTION
        "Total number of incoming DNS queries."
    ::= { dnsStatsCntInQuery 1 }

dnsStatsCntInQueryTable OBJECT-TYPE
    SYNTAX SEQUENCE OF DnsStatsCntInQueryEntry

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    MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
    STATUS current
    DESCRIPTION
        "The number of incoming queries for each RR type."
    ::= { dnsStatsCntInQuery 2 }

dnsStatsCntInQueryEntry OBJECT-TYPE
    SYNTAX DnsStatsCntInQueryEntry
    MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
    STATUS current
    DESCRIPTION
        "The number of incoming queries for a single RR type."
    INDEX { dnsStatsCntInQueryType }
    ::= { dnsStatsCntInQueryTable 1 }

DnsStatsCntInQueryEntry ::=
    SEQUENCE {
        dnsStatsCntInQueryType   DnsType,
        dnsStatsCntInQueryCount  Counter64
    }

dnsStatsCntInQueryType OBJECT-TYPE
    SYNTAX DnsType
    MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
    STATUS current
    DESCRIPTION
        "RR type of incoming queries."
    ::= { dnsStatsCntInQueryEntry 1 }

dnsStatsCntInQueryCount OBJECT-TYPE
    SYNTAX Counter64
    MAX-ACCESS read-only
    STATUS current
    DESCRIPTION
        "The number of incoming DNS queries for a single RR type."
    ::= { dnsStatsCntInQueryEntry 2 }

--- outgoing queries

dnsStatsCntOutQueryTotal OBJECT-TYPE
    SYNTAX Counter64
    MAX-ACCESS read-only
    STATUS current
    DESCRIPTION
        "Total number of outgoing DNS queries."
    ::= { dnsStatsCntOutQuery 1 }

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dnsStatsCntOutQueryTable OBJECT-TYPE
    SYNTAX SEQUENCE OF DnsStatsCntOutQueryEntry
    MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
    STATUS current
    DESCRIPTION
        "The number of outgoing queries for each RR type."
    ::= { dnsStatsCntOutQuery 2 }

dnsStatsCntOutQueryEntry OBJECT-TYPE
    SYNTAX DnsStatsCntOutQueryEntry
    MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
    STATUS current
    DESCRIPTION
        "The number of outgoing queries for a single RR type."
    INDEX { dnsStatsCntOutQueryType }
    ::= { dnsStatsCntOutQueryTable 1 }

DnsStatsCntOutQueryEntry ::=
    SEQUENCE {
        dnsStatsCntOutQueryType   DnsType,
        dnsStatsCntOutQueryCount  Counter64
    }

dnsStatsCntOutQueryType OBJECT-TYPE
    SYNTAX DnsType
    MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
    STATUS current
    DESCRIPTION
        "RR type of outgoing queries."
    ::= { dnsStatsCntOutQueryEntry 1 }

dnsStatsCntOutQueryCount OBJECT-TYPE
    SYNTAX Counter64
    MAX-ACCESS read-only
    STATUS current
    DESCRIPTION
        "The number of outgoing DNS queries for a single RR type."
    ::= { dnsStatsCntOutQueryEntry 2 }

--- name server statistics

dnsStatsCntServerRequestv4 OBJECT-TYPE
    SYNTAX Counter64
    MAX-ACCESS read-only
    STATUS current
    DESCRIPTION
        "IPv4 requests received. Note: this also counts non query

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         requests."
    ::= { dnsStatsCntServer 1 }

dnsStatsCntServerRequestv6 OBJECT-TYPE
    SYNTAX Counter64
    MAX-ACCESS read-only
    STATUS current
    DESCRIPTION
        "IPv6 requests received. Note: this also counts non query
         requests."
    ::= { dnsStatsCntServer 2 }

dnsStatsCntServerReqEdns0 OBJECT-TYPE
    SYNTAX Counter64
    MAX-ACCESS read-only
    STATUS current
    DESCRIPTION
        "Requests with EDNS(0) received."
    ::= { dnsStatsCntServer 3 }

dnsStatsCntServerReqBadEDNSVer OBJECT-TYPE
    SYNTAX Counter64
    MAX-ACCESS read-only
    STATUS current
    DESCRIPTION
        "Requests with unsupported EDNS version received."
    ::= { dnsStatsCntServer 4 }

dnsStatsCntServerReqTSIG OBJECT-TYPE
    SYNTAX Counter64
    MAX-ACCESS read-only
    STATUS current
    DESCRIPTION
        "Requests with TSIG received."
    ::= { dnsStatsCntServer 5 }

dnsStatsCntServerReqSIG0 OBJECT-TYPE
    SYNTAX Counter64
    MAX-ACCESS read-only
    STATUS current
    DESCRIPTION
        "Requests with SIG(0) received."
    ::= { dnsStatsCntServer 6 }

dnsStatsCntServerReqBadSIG OBJECT-TYPE
    SYNTAX Counter64
    MAX-ACCESS read-only
    STATUS current

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    DESCRIPTION
        "Requests with invalid (TSIG or SIG(0)) signature."
    ::= { dnsStatsCntServer 7 }

dnsStatsCntServerReqTCP OBJECT-TYPE
    SYNTAX Counter64
    MAX-ACCESS read-only
    STATUS current
    DESCRIPTION
        "TCP requests received."
    ::= { dnsStatsCntServer 8 }

dnsStatsCntServerAuthQryRej OBJECT-TYPE
    SYNTAX Counter64
    MAX-ACCESS read-only
    STATUS current
    DESCRIPTION
        "Authoritative (non recursive) queries rejected."
    ::= { dnsStatsCntServer 9 }

dnsStatsCntServerRecQryRej OBJECT-TYPE
    SYNTAX Counter64
    MAX-ACCESS read-only
    STATUS current
    DESCRIPTION
        "Recursive queries rejected."
    ::= { dnsStatsCntServer 10 }

dnsStatsCntServerXfrRej OBJECT-TYPE
    SYNTAX Counter64
    MAX-ACCESS read-only
    STATUS current
    DESCRIPTION
        "Zone transfer requests rejected."
    ::= { dnsStatsCntServer 11 }

dnsStatsCntServerUpdateRej OBJECT-TYPE
    SYNTAX Counter64
    MAX-ACCESS read-only
    STATUS current
    DESCRIPTION
        "Dynamic update requests rejected."
    ::= { dnsStatsCntServer 12 }

dnsStatsCntServerResponse OBJECT-TYPE
    SYNTAX Counter64
    MAX-ACCESS read-only
    STATUS current

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    DESCRIPTION
        "Responses sent."
    ::= { dnsStatsCntServer 13 }

dnsStatsCntServerRespTruncated OBJECT-TYPE
    SYNTAX Counter64
    MAX-ACCESS read-only
    STATUS current
    DESCRIPTION
        "Truncated responses sent."
    ::= { dnsStatsCntServer 14 }

dnsStatsCntServerRespEDNS0 OBJECT-TYPE
    SYNTAX Counter64
    MAX-ACCESS read-only
    STATUS current
    DESCRIPTION
        "Responses with EDNS(0) sent."
    ::= { dnsStatsCntServer 15 }

dnsStatsCntServerRespTSIG OBJECT-TYPE
    SYNTAX Counter64
    MAX-ACCESS read-only
    STATUS current
    DESCRIPTION
        "Responses with TSIG sent."
    ::= { dnsStatsCntServer 16 }

dnsStatsCntServerRespSIG0 OBJECT-TYPE
    SYNTAX Counter64
    MAX-ACCESS read-only
    STATUS current
    DESCRIPTION
        "Responses with SIG(0) sent."
    ::= { dnsStatsCntServer 17 }

dnsStatsCntServerQrySuccess OBJECT-TYPE
    SYNTAX Counter64
    MAX-ACCESS read-only
    STATUS current
    DESCRIPTION
        "Queries resulted in a successful answer. This means the query
         which returns a NOERROR response with at least one answer RR."
    ::= { dnsStatsCntServer 18 }

dnsStatsCntServerQryAuthAns OBJECT-TYPE
    SYNTAX Counter64
    MAX-ACCESS read-only

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    STATUS current
    DESCRIPTION
        "Queries resulted in authoritative answer."
    ::= { dnsStatsCntServer 19 }

dnsStatsCntServerQryNoauthAns OBJECT-TYPE
    SYNTAX Counter64
    MAX-ACCESS read-only
    STATUS current
    DESCRIPTION
        "Queries resulted in non authoritative answer."
    ::= { dnsStatsCntServer 20 }

dnsStatsCntServerQryReferral OBJECT-TYPE
    SYNTAX Counter64
    MAX-ACCESS read-only
    STATUS current
    DESCRIPTION
        "Queries resulted in referral answer."
    ::= { dnsStatsCntServer 21 }

dnsStatsCntServerQryNxrrset OBJECT-TYPE
    SYNTAX Counter64
    MAX-ACCESS read-only
    STATUS current
    DESCRIPTION
        "Queries resulted in NOERROR responses with no data."
    ::= { dnsStatsCntServer 22 }

dnsStatsCntServerQrySERVFAIL OBJECT-TYPE
    SYNTAX Counter64
    MAX-ACCESS read-only
    STATUS current
    DESCRIPTION
        "Queries resulted in SERVFAIL."
    ::= { dnsStatsCntServer 23 }

dnsStatsCntServerQryFORMERR OBJECT-TYPE
    SYNTAX Counter64
    MAX-ACCESS read-only
    STATUS current
    DESCRIPTION
        "Queries resulted in FORMERR."
    ::= { dnsStatsCntServer 24 }

dnsStatsCntServerQryNXDOMAIN OBJECT-TYPE
    SYNTAX Counter64
    MAX-ACCESS read-only

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    STATUS current
    DESCRIPTION
        "Queries resulted in NXDOMAIN."
    ::= { dnsStatsCntServer 25 }

dnsStatsCntServerQryRecursion OBJECT-TYPE
    SYNTAX Counter64
    MAX-ACCESS read-only
    STATUS current
    DESCRIPTION
        "Queries which caused the server to perform recursion in order
         to find the final answer."
    ::= { dnsStatsCntServer 26 }

dnsStatsCntServerQryDuplicate OBJECT-TYPE
    SYNTAX Counter64
    MAX-ACCESS read-only
    STATUS current
    DESCRIPTION
        "Queries which the server attempted to recurse but discovered an
         existing query with the same IP address, port, query ID, name,
         type and class already being processed."
    ::= { dnsStatsCntServer 27 }

dnsStatsCntServerQryDropped OBJECT-TYPE
    SYNTAX Counter64
    MAX-ACCESS read-only
    STATUS current
    DESCRIPTION
        "Recursive queries for which the server discovered an excessive
         number of existing recursive queries for the same name, type
         and class and were subsequently dropped."
    ::= { dnsStatsCntServer 28 }

dnsStatsCntServerQryFailure OBJECT-TYPE
    SYNTAX Counter64
    MAX-ACCESS read-only
    STATUS current
    DESCRIPTION
        "Other query failures."
    ::= { dnsStatsCntServer 29 }

dnsStatsCntServerXfrReqDone OBJECT-TYPE
    SYNTAX Counter64
    MAX-ACCESS read-only
    STATUS current
    DESCRIPTION
        "Requested zone transfers completed."

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    ::= { dnsStatsCntServer 30 }

dnsStatsCntServerUpdateReqFwd OBJECT-TYPE
    SYNTAX Counter64
    MAX-ACCESS read-only
    STATUS current
    DESCRIPTION
        "Update requests forwarded."
    ::= { dnsStatsCntServer 31 }

dnsStatsCntServerUpdateRespFwd OBJECT-TYPE
    SYNTAX Counter64
    MAX-ACCESS read-only
    STATUS current
    DESCRIPTION
        "Update responses forwarded."
    ::= { dnsStatsCntServer 32 }

dnsStatsCntServerUpdateFwdFail OBJECT-TYPE
    SYNTAX Counter64
    MAX-ACCESS read-only
    STATUS current
    DESCRIPTION
        "Dynamic update forward failed."
    ::= { dnsStatsCntServer 33 }

dnsStatsCntServerUpdateDone OBJECT-TYPE
    SYNTAX Counter64
    MAX-ACCESS read-only
    STATUS current
    DESCRIPTION
        "Dynamic updates completed."
    ::= { dnsStatsCntServer 34 }

dnsStatsCntServerUpdateFail OBJECT-TYPE
    SYNTAX Counter64
    MAX-ACCESS read-only
    STATUS current
    DESCRIPTION
        "Dynamic updates failed."
    ::= { dnsStatsCntServer 35 }

dnsStatsCntServerUpdateBadPrereq OBJECT-TYPE
    SYNTAX Counter64
    MAX-ACCESS read-only
    STATUS current
    DESCRIPTION
        "Dynamic updates rejected due to prerequisite failure."

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    ::= { dnsStatsCntServer 36 }

-- conformance groups

-- TBD

END

4.  Security Considerations

   TBD

5.  IANA Considerations

   TBD

6.  Acknowledgements

   This module is heavily based on the documentation of the statistics
   provided by Bind 9.8 [Bind].

7.  References

7.1.  Normative References

   [RFC2578]  McCloghrie, K., Ed., Perkins, D., Ed., and J.
              Schoenwaelder, Ed., "Structure of Management Information
              Version 2 (SMIv2)", STD 58, RFC 2578, April 1999.

   [RFC2579]  McCloghrie, K., Ed., Perkins, D., Ed., and J.
              Schoenwaelder, Ed., "Textual Conventions for SMIv2",
              STD 58, RFC 2579, April 1999.

   [RFC3411]  Harrington, D., Presuhn, R., and B. Wijnen, "An
              Architecture for Describing Simple Network Management
              Protocol (SNMP) Management Frameworks", STD 62, RFC 3411,
              December 2002.

7.2.  Informative References

   [Bind]     "Bind9 Statistics", <http://ftp.isc.org/isc/bind9/cur/9.8/
              doc/arm/Bv9ARM.ch06.html#statistics>.

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Appendix A.  Open Issues

   This is a list of open issues on which we would like to get feedback.

   1.  There are many more statistics produced by Bind.  There are also
       other stats from Unbound and NSD that could be added.  Should we
       add more?

   2.  The current version does not include any notification.  Should
       this be added?  Would it even be desirable to add to already-busy
       DNS servers the burden of sending notifications?

   3.  Should we add per-zone stats?  Should they be indexed by zone
       name, by something else, or not indexed at all?

   4.  Should we add per-view stats?  (A "view" is a Bind-specific
       concept.)  Is the "context" concept from SNMPv3 already
       sufficient?  That is, a view can be seen as a different DNS
       server running on the same system...

   5.  How should we define conformance groups?  Go with the traditional
       "recursive", "authoritative", "mixed" classification?

Authors' Addresses

   Simon Perreault
   Viagenie
   246 Aberdeen
   Quebec, QC  G1R 2E1
   Canada

   Phone: +1 418 656 9254
   Email: simon.perreault@viagenie.ca
   URI:   http://viagenie.ca

   Jacques Latour
   Canadian Internet Registration Authority (CIRA)
   350 Sparks Street, Suite 306
   Ottawa, ON  K1R 7S8
   Canada

   Email: jacques.latour@cira.ca
   URI:   http://cira.ca

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   Jake Zack
   Canadian Internet Registration Authority (CIRA)
   350 Sparks Street, Suite 306
   Ottawa, ON  K1R 7S8
   Canada

   Email: jake.zack@cira.ca
   URI:   http://cira.ca

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