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<reference anchor="I-D.luan-rtgwg-sdaf" target="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-luan-rtgwg-sdaf-01">
   <front>
      <title>Symmetry-Driven Asynchronous Forwarding with Fast Reroute for LEO Satellite Networks (SDAF)</title>
      <author initials="S." surname="Luan" fullname="Shenshen Luan">
         <organization>Beihang University</organization>
      </author>
      <author initials="W." surname="Wei" fullname="Wenting Wei">
         <organization>Xidian University</organization>
      </author>
      <author initials="M." surname="Ke" fullname="Mingliang Ke">
         <organization>Xidian University</organization>
      </author>
      <author initials="H." surname="Dongxu" fullname="Hou Dongxu">
         <organization>ZTE Corporation</organization>
      </author>
      <author initials="X." surname="Min" fullname="Xiao Min">
         <organization>ZTE Corporation</organization>
      </author>
      <date month="June" day="7" year="2026" />
      <abstract>
	 <t>   Interior Gateway Protocols (IGPs) such as OSPF are commonly employed
   in satellite networks to address topology awareness and autonomous
   routing in response to link interruptions, link/node failures, and
   subsequent repairs.  However, IGP-based approaches suffer from
   inherent limitations.  Synchronization delays between the control
   plane and the forwarding plane can cause routing black holes, while
   asynchronous convergence across nodes may induce micro-loops (as
   described in prior work), leading to packet loss and congestion.
   These issues are particularly exacerbated in satellite networks
   characterized by highly dynamic topologies, long inter-satellite
   propagation delays, and constrained on-board computing resources.

   This document describes the Symmetry-Driven Asynchronous Forwarding
   (SDAF) mechanism, which leverages the intrinsic symmetry of toroidal
   topologies in satellite networks.  Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite
   constellations are typically composed of multiple circular orbital
   planes, forming a toroidal topology by inter-satellite links.  SDAF
   autonomously triggers and processes reverse flows based solely on
   local link-state information, without requiring control-plane
   convergence, protocol extensions, or packet header modifications.

   SDAF is fully compatible with existing protocols and technologies
   such as OSPFv3, IS-IS, and MPLS, and is specifically tailored to the
   resource-constrained nature of satellite systems.  It achieves
   microsecond-scale convergence and low packet loss under failure
   conditions.

   Simulation results and tests conducted on actual satellite routers
   demonstrate that the SDAF mechanism significantly suppresses packet
   loss caused by routing black holes and micro-loops, while also
   alleviating link congestion and packet reordering issues.

	 </t>
      </abstract>
   </front>
   <seriesInfo name="Internet-Draft" value="draft-luan-rtgwg-sdaf-01" />
   
</reference>
