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draft-bichot-msync-02

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This is an older version of an Internet-Draft whose latest revision state is "Active".
Authors Sophie Bale , Remy Brebion , Guillaume Bichot
Last updated 2021-10-04 (Latest revision 2021-04-06)
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draft-bichot-msync-02
Internet-Draft                                                   S. Bale
Intended Status: Informational                                R. Brebion
Expires: April 7, 2022                                         G. Bichot
                                                               Broadpeak
                                                         October 4, 2021

                                 MSYNC 
                         draft-bichot-msync-02  

Abstract

   This document describes the  Multicast Synchronisation (MSYNC)
   Protocol that aims at transferring video media objects over IP
   multicast operating preferably RTP. Although generic, MSYNC has been
   primarily designed for transporting HTTP adaptive streaming (HAS)
   objects including manifest/playlists and media segments (e.g. MP4,
   CMAF) according to an HAS protocol such as Apple HLS or MPEG DASH
   between a multicast server and a multicast gateway.          

Status of this Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted to IETF in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups.  Note that
   other groups may also distribute working documents as
   Internet-Drafts.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at
   http://www.ietf.org/1id-abstracts.html

   The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at
   http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html

Copyright and License Notice

   Copyright (c) 2021 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors. All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
 

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   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document. Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
     1.1  Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
     1.2  Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
   2.  Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
   3. MSYNC Protocol  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
     3.1. MSYNC packet format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
     3.2. Object info packet  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
     3.3. Object data packet  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8
     3.4. Object HTTP header packet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  9
     3.5. Object data-part packet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
     3.6. Maximum size of a MSYNC packet  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
     3.7. Sending MSYNC objects over IP/transport multicast
          sessions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
     3.9. HAS protocol dependency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
       3.9.1. Object info packet  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
         3.9.1.1. media sequence  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
         3.9.1.2. object URI  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
       3.9.2. Sending rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
     3.10. RTP as the transport multicast session protocol  . . . . . 14
   4.  IANA Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
   5.  Security Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
   5.  References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
     5.1.  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
     5.2.  Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
   Acknowledgments  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
   Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

 

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1  Introduction

   MSYNC relies preferably on RTP that makes it particularly suited for
   transitioning IPTV legacy(MPEG2 TS/RTP) to the HAS ecosystem. MSYNC
   is simple (no flow control, no forward error correction) although
   reliable, flexible and extensible; it has been experimented and
   deployed over IPTV infrastructure (xDSL, cable, fiber) and
   satellite.

1.1  Terminology

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].

1.2  Definitions

   manifest: A file gathering the configuration for conducting a
        streaming session; corresponds to a play list as defined by HLS
        [RFC8216]. During a HAS streaming session, a manifest or
        playlist can be modified. 

   media chunk: A piece of a media segment of a fixed duration as
        specified in [MPEGCMAF].

   media segment: A piece of a media sub-stream of a fixed duration
        (e.g. 2s) as specified in [MPEGCMAF].

   init segment: A piece of a media sub-stream used to initialize the
        decoder as specified in [MPEGCMAF].

   media: A digitalized piece of video, audio, subtitle, image, ....

   media stream: Gathers one or more media sub-streams.

   media sub-stream:  A version of a media encoded in a particular bit-
        rate, format and resolution; also called representation or
        variant stream.

   variant stream :  A media sub-stream as defined by HLS [RFC8216];
        corresponds to a representation as defined by [MPEGDASH].

   representation: A media sub-stream as defined by [MPEGDASH];
        Corresponds to a variant stream as defined by HLS [RFC8216].

   HTTP Adaptive Streaming (HAS) session: Transport one or more media
 

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        streams (e.g. one video, two audios, One subtitle) according to
        HTTP. A HAS session is triggered by a player downloading first a
        manifest file(s), then init and/or media segments (belonging to
        possibly different sub-streams according to the selected
        representation) and possibly more manifest files according to
        the HAS protocol.

   MSYNC object: As part of a HAS session carried over MSYNC, an MSYSNC
        object can be an addressable HAS entity like an init segment, a
        media segment (or fragment, or chunk), a manifest. An MSYNC
        object can also be a non-addressable transport entity like a
        part of a segment (an HTTP2 frame or an HTTP 1.1 CTE block). As
        part of the control channel, an MSYNC object may transport some
        control plane information (for the receiver as e.g. the
        multicast gateway configuration). An MSYNC object is typically
        associated with metadata (aka info), data and possibly an HTTP
        header.

   MSYNC packet: The transport unit of MSYNC. Several MSYNC packets mays
        be used to transport an MSYNC object.

   transport multicast session: Operating a transport protocol that is
        (possibly based on) UDP over IP multicast. A session is
        identified by the transport (UDP) port number, the source IP
        address and the IP multicast address.

   RTP multicast session: A transport multicast session based on RTP as
        defined in [RFC3550].

   IP multicast session: A session gathering transport multicast
        sessions having the same source IP address and destination
        multicast IP address.

   MSYNC channel: The set of transport multicast sessions carrying a HAS
        session as a set of MSYNC objects.

   MSYNC control channel: the transport multicast session carrying
        control plane MSYNC objects.

2.  Overview

        MSYNC is a simple protocol typically used between a multicast server
   (the MSYNC sender) and a multicast gateway (the MSYNC receiver). The
   multicast server gets ingested with a unicast HAS session conforming
   to a HAS protocol as e.g. MPEG DASH [MPEGDASH] or HLS [RFC8216] and
   sends the HAS session elements over a broadcast/multicast link
   according to MSYNC supporting [possibly RTP/] UDP/IP multicast up to
 

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   the multicast gateway(s) that serve the HAS player(s) in unicast
   conforming to the same HAS protocol. MSYNC can serve simultaneously
   multiple terminals conforming to one or several HAS protocols and
   formats.

   The multicast server is configured in order to get the unicast HAS
   feeds. Considering one among several possible ingest methods (e.g.
   HTTP GET), for each ingested feed, the multicast server behaves as a
   sort of player, reading the manifest, discovering the available
   representations and downloading concurrently media segments of all
   (or a subset) of the available representations. Finally the multicast
   server is configured for sending all those HAS session elements over
   [possibly RTP/]UDP/IP multicast according to a certain UDP flow
   arrangement (for example all the objects related to each video
   representation are sent over a separate multicast transport session
   (multicast IP address +  port number) whereas all audio
   representations are sent over the same transport multicast session.

   The multicast gateway is configured accordingly in order to be
   attached to the transport multicast sessions (in particular, it has
   to subscribe to the corresponding multicast IP group address). Note
   that the multicast gateway might not be capable of being attached to
   all the concurrent transport multicast sessions in the same time per
   bandwidth restriction (e.g. ADSL). In that case, the multicast
   gateway attaches to the transport multicast session corresponding to
   the player's request (and detaches from the other previous one).

   The multicast gateway then receives the corresponding MSYNC objects
   and feeds a local cache. Whenever a HAS request is sent by a user
   terminal (e.g. the  media player) and received by the multicast
   gateway, the latter reads first its local cache. In case of cache
   hit, it returns the object. In case of cache miss, the multicast
   gateway can retrieve the requested object from the associated CDN (or
   a dedicated server) over an unicast interface (if existing) through
   operating HTTP conventionally and forwards back to the terminal the
   object once retrieved.

   At any time, the multicast gateway can detect corrupted and lost
   packets and attempt to repair using a repair protocol. This is
   possible thanks to the RTP protocol if used as the transport layer
   over UDP.

   With MSYNC deployed over a multicast link/network, the end user media
   player gets basically the HAS content in full transparency (i.e. the
   player is absolutely unaware of getting the content through MSYNC or
   not).

   Note that nothing precludes the multicast gateway to be co-located
 

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   with the media player and therefore embedded in the end-user
   terminal.

   Note that nothing precludes application dependent features in the
   multicast server and/or the multicast gateway that may adapt/modify
   the content delivered to the end-user player.

3. MSYNC Protocol

3.1. MSYNC packet format

   The MSYNC packet has the following format.

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |   version     |  packet type  |        object identifier      |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                           sub-header                          |
   |                              ....                             |
   +=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+
   |                             data                              |
   |                             ....                              |

   version: 8 bits
      version of the MSYNC protocol = 0x3 

   packet type: 8 bits
      Defines the MSYNC packet type. The sub-header and the associated
      data (if any) are dependent on the packet type. The following
      types are defined.
        0x01: object info
        0x02: object info redundancy packet
        0x03: object data
        0x04: Reserved
        0x05: object http header
        0x06: object data-part as a piece of an object data for
        transporting e.g. an MPEG CMAF chunk, an HTTP 1.1 chunk or yet
        an HTTP2 frame. 

   object identifier: 16 bits
      The field identifies the object being transferred. All MSYNC
      packets associated with the same object carry the same object
      identifier in their MSYNC packet header.

   sub-header: series of N x 32 bits
      The packet sub-header is linked to the packet type. The details of
 

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      each packet type is given in the next sections. 

   data: series of D x 8 bits
      This field is optional and is present depending on the packet
      type. D is bounded by the maximum size of a transport multicast
      session protocol packet size and the MTU (Maximum Transfer Unit)
      otherwise as depicted in 3.6.

3.2. Object info packet

      The Object info packet is used to transport the meta-data
      associated with an object. It permits to characterize the object
      in term of e.g. size and type. The object information is carried
      over one object info packet only. The object info packet is
      typically sent along with the object data it describes. 

      The object identifier corresponds to the object identifier of the
      object data packets or the object data-part packets the object
      info packet relates to.

       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |   version     |  0x1 or 0x2   |        object identifier      |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                           object size                         |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                     number of MSYNC packets                   |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                          object CRC                           |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      | object type   |   Reserved    | mtype |    object URI size    |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                        media sequence                         |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                                                               |
      |                         object URI                            |
      :                                                               :
      :                                                               :  
      |                                                               |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   object size: 32 bits
      The number of bytes that compose the transported object.

   number of MSYNC packets: 32 bits
      Number of MSYNC packets that compose the transported object. 

 

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   object CRC: 32 bits
      A CRC applied to the object data payload for corruption detection.

   mtype: 4 bits
      The manifest (playlist) type, the MSYNC INFO is compatible with.
      The field can take the following values.
        0x00: Not Applicable
        0x01: MPEG Dash as specified in [MPEGDASH].
        0x02: HLS as specified in [RFC8216].
        0x03-0xF: Reserved

   object URI size: 12bits
      The size in bytes of the object URI field. The value must
      guarantee that the MSYNC info packet size is not greater than the
      network MTU.

   object type : 8 bits
      Defines the type of MSYNC data object associated with this MSYNC
      info packet
        0x00: Reserved
        0x01: media manifest (playlist)
        0x02: Reserved
        0x03: media data or data-part: Transport stream (MPEG2-TS) 
        0x04: media data or data-part: MPEG4 (CMAF)
        0x05: control: control plane information (e.g. multicast gateway
        configuration)
        0x06-0xFF: Reserved

   media sequence: 32 bits
      It is a sequence number associated with the MSYNC object data
      (segment or manifest). It is dependent on the mtype value. It is
      used to synchronize unicast and multicast receptions in the
      multicast gateway. The values and rules are detailed in the
      section 3.9 dedicated to the HAS protocol dependencies. The
      default value is 0x00. 

   object URI: Quotient(object URI size/32) bits
      This the path name associated with the object. It may corresponds
      to the storage path in the multicast gateway. There MUST be a
      direct relationship between this URI and the URL associated with
      an addressable HAS object (segment or CMAF chunk) and/or a
      manifest request received by the multicast gateway from the
      terminal/media player. The rules are detailed in the section 3.9
      dedicated to the HAS protocol dependencies.

3.3. Object data packet

      This MSYNC packet carries part or all of the the object's data
 

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      payload. The type of data and the way to process the object's data
      packets is function of the associated object's info packet. Object
      payload is transported through a series of object data packets.

       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |   version     |      0x3      |        object identifier      |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                         object offset                         |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                              data                             |
      :                                                               :
      :                                                               :

   object offset: 32 bits
      The index from which the MSYNC object data packet payload is to be
      written in order to compose the object data at the receiver side
      (i.e. the multicast gateway). The first data packet of an object
      has an offset equal to 0. 

   data: N x 8bits
      The size N is not declared; it is bounded by the maximum size of
      the under-laying transport multicast session packet (e.g. RTP) as
      depicted in the section 3.6. The total size (number of bytes) of
      the object data is indicated in the associated object info (field
      object size).

3.4. Object HTTP header packet The HTTP header packet carries part or
      all of an HTTP header related to the object (data) to be sent.
      There is at most one HTTP header per object that can be repeated. 

      The object identifier is the same than the one present in the
      object data packets or object data-part packets it relates to.

       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |   version     |      0x5      |        object identifier      |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |      header size              |        header offset          |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                              data                             |
      :                                                               :
      :                                                               :

 

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   header size: 16 bits
      An object HTTP header can be transported over one or several
      under-laying transport packets. This field indicates the total
      size of the HTTP header in bytes and it is indicated in each the
      HTTP header's packet.

   header offset: 16 bits
      The index from which this HTTP header MSYNC packet payload data is
      to be written in order to complement the HTTP header at the
      receiver side (i.e the multicast gateway). The first packet of the
      HTTP header has an offset equal to 0. 

   data: N x 8bits
      The size N is not declared; it is bounded by either the header
      size field value or by the maximum size of the under-laying
      transport packet(e.g. RTP)as depicted in the section 3.6.

3.5. Object data-part packet

      This MSYNC packet carries part or all of the object data-part
      payload. The type of data and the way to process the object's
      data-part packets is function of the associated info packet.
      Object payload is transported through a series of object data-part
      packets. The data-part is used when the object corresponds to a
      "part" (a chunk) of a super object for which the size is unknown
      (a super object may correspond to a stream or a media segment not
      yet complete and for which the size is therefore unknown).

      All data-part packets belonging to the same data part object has
      the same object identifier which is the same one present in the
      object info packet and HTTP header (if any) packets the data-part
      object relates too. 

       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |   version     |      0x6      |        object identifier      |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                         object offset                         |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                      super object offset                      |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                              data                             |
      :                                                               :
      :                                                               :

   object offset: 32 bits
 

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      The index from which the data-part packet payload is to be written
      in order to compose the object data-part at the receiver side
      (i.e. the multicast gateway). The first packet of the data-part
      has an offset equal to 0. 

   super object offset: 32 bits
      The index from which the object part-data packet payload is to be
      written in order to compose the super object data at the receiver
      side (i.e. the multicast gateway). The first data-part object
      composing a super object has the super object offset equal to 0.
      The super object offset is the same for all object data-part
      packets composing the same object data-part. Having this field
      present in the object data-part header (and not in the associated
      object info header) permits to possibly recompose a super object
      without the corresponding object info packet.

   data: N x 8bits
      The size N is not declared; it is bounded by the maximum size of
      the under-laying transport packet (e.g. RTP) as depicted in the
      section 3.6. The total size (number of bytes) of the object data
      is indicated in the associated object info (field object size).

3.6. Maximum size of a MSYNC packet

      An MSYNC packet is composed with a header part and a data part for
      which the size is bounded by the transport multicast session
      packet. In case there is no particular restriction as with RTP
      and/or UDP (which authorize up to 65235 bytes), then the maximum
      size is linked to the path MTU (Maximum Transfer Unit) as the
      largest transfer unit supported between the source (the multicast
      server) and the destination (the multicast gateway) without
      fragmentation. An MSYNC packet must fit within a link layer
      packet.
      For Ethernet, as an example, the MTU is typically 1500 bytes,
      assuming a 20 bytes IPv4 header, a 8 bytes UDP header and the 8
      bytes MSYNC object data packet header, it gives an MTU of 1464
      bytes for the MSYNC object data packet. Operating RTP, the MSYNC
      object data MTU is decreased by 12 bytes (= 1452 bytes). 

3.7. Sending MSYNC objects over IP/transport multicast sessions 

      The following considerations are linked to the multicast server
      configuration.

      Per MSYNC channel, the way to map MSYNC objects related to a media
      stream with an IP or transport multicast session is not
      constrained. The arrangement is chosen function of the network
 

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      architecture and capacity. For example, in xDSL, the capacity
      dedicated to multicast is limited which may drive to an
      arrangement where each sub-stream/representation of a HAS
      session/MSYNC channel matches with one dedicated IP multicast
      session. The receiver (the multicast gateway) switches to the IP
      transport session corresponding to the sub-stream/representation
      it must serve to the user terminal/player. Alternatively, one
      would like to have one IP multicast session (with possibly
      multiple transport multicast sessions, each having a different
      destination port number) for the entire HAS session/MSYNC channel
      that is an arrangement a la "IPTV", less bandwidth efficient but
      where only one multicast IP address is allocated per HAS
      session/MSYNC channel.

      Considering a satellite network, as all transport multicast
      sessions are carried simultaneously, all arrangements may make
      sense.

      Regarding the mapping with a transport multicast session, the
      triplet: source IP address, destination multicast IP address and
      destination transport port number is the discriminator. It is
      recommended to carry media sub-streams and the control channel in
      separate transport multicast channels. It facilitates potential
      error correction procedures.

      The following granularity is possible:   

        - One IP multicast session per media (audio or video or
        subtitle) sub-stream (representation); each transport multicast
        session having a different destination multicast IP address.

        - One transport multicast session for the MSYNC control channel.

        - It is perfectly possible to send all the MSYNC packets in only
        one transport multicast session.  

      For each MSYNC object to be sent, the sender MUST send one object
      info packet, 0 or more object info redundant packets, zero or more
      HTTP header packets and one or more object data packets or object
      data-part packets.

      The sender MUST send the object's HTTP header along with the
      corresponding object's data to be sent through using the MSYNC
      object data packet(s). The sender MUST send the object's HTTP
      header along with the corresponding first object's data-part to be
      sent through using the MSYNC object data-part packet(s)  

      Whenever a manifest (playlist) has to be sent, the manifest
 

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      (playlist) object MUST be sent along with (duplicated in) all the
      transport multicast sessions related to the transmission of the
      video segment objects the manifest/playlist refers to.

3.9. HAS protocol dependency

      A certain number of MSYNC packet header fields have a dependency
      on the HAS protocol and therefore on the manifest type. Similarly
      the sending rules may also depend from the HAS protocol.

3.9.1. Object info packet

3.9.1.1. media sequence

      The media sequence is used by the multicast gateway to synchronize
      the MSYNC (i.e. multicast) reception with unicast reception. The
      multicast gateway may operate jointly MSYNC and unicast retrieval
      of HAS objects. This is useful in some occasions like processing a
      new streaming session request (i.e. a manifest request after a
      channel switch) or in the case of segment repair. The multicast
      gateway may attempt to retrieve a manifest object or segment(s)
      through a unicast mean (e.g. a CDN server or a repair server) in
      order to speed up the start of the session or to repair damaged
      object(s). Consequently, the multicast gateway needs to understand
      the freshness of the HAS object received through multicast with
      regard to unicast. 

      If no unicast reception is used jointly with MSYNC in the
      multicast gateway (e.g. like in one way delivery only), the
      default value MAY be used: 0x00  

   HLS master playlist: 0x00

   HLS variant playlist; MUST contain the value of EXT-X-MEDIA-SEQUENCE
      added with the position in the playlist of the last segment
      transmitted.

   HLS segment: MUST contain the value of EXT-X-MEDIA-SEQUENCE added
      with the position of the segment in the playlist.

   DASH manifest: MUST contain $time$/scale or $Number$ corresponding to
      the last segment transmitted or under transmission (and possibly
      received partially) and declared by the manifest. 

   DASH segment: MUST contain the $time$/scale or $Number$ value 

        
3.9.1.2. object URI
 

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      In the context of HTTP adaptive streaming, if the object is a HAS
      addressable entity (e.g. a segment or a CMAF chunk), the path name
      MUST match the absolute path present in the incoming segment
      request.

        The segment S_2: tvChannel1/Q1/S_2.
        The CMAF chunk C_3 of the segment S_2: tvChannel11/Q1/S_2/C_3. 

      if the object is a non-addressable HAS entity (e.g. a HTTP 1.1 CTE
      block), the URI MUST hierarchically match with the related
      incoming segment request.
        The  HTTP CTE 3rd chunk of the segment S_2
        tvChannel11/Q1/S_2/3;

3.9.2. Sending rules

      When a manifest/play-list is sent, it must reference addressable
      objects (segment or CMAF chunk) that have already been sent or for
      which the transmission has started.

3.10. RTP as the transport multicast session protocol

      RTP [RFC3550] can be used as part of the transport multicast
      session protocol. Depending on the deployment case (e.g.
      unidirectional) and the infrastructure in place, the companion
      RTCP protocol MUST be operated according to the following.

        - RTCP usage SHALL conform to [RFC5506]

        - RTCP sender report MAY be switched off

        - RTCP receiver report MAY be switched off

        - RCTP destination port number must be configurable but it must
        be different than the associated RTP destination port number,
        i.e. the RTCP destination port number is not necessarily the RTP
        destination port number + 1 as recommended in [RFC3550].

        - RTCP MAY be used for packet loss recovery (aka "RTP Repair").
        If packet loss recovery through RTCP is activated then the RTP
        Repair client and server MUST be compliant with [RFC4585] and
        [RFC5506]. The RTP Repair client that submit the feedback (FB)
        messages (according to [RFC5506] and [RFC4585] is the MSYNC
        receiver (i.e. the multicast gateway). The RTP Repair server
        that receives, processes and responds to the feedback messages
        (FB) MAY be the MSYNC sender (i.e. the multicast server) or it
        MAY be any intermediate entity acting as a multicast RTP
        receiver (i.e. capable of receiving the multicast RTP packets).
 

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        In any case, the RTP Repair server and the RTP Repair client
        MUST operate a unicast interface.

        Note that instead of relying on "RTP repair", an MSYNC receiver
        (i.e. the multicast gateway) could attempt to recover HAS
        elements (segments, manifest) through HTTP (aka "HTTP repair").
        However the latter method requires a CDN and is less reactive
        than operating RTCP.     

        In addition, each RTP multicast session must operate a different
        [RFC3550] SSRC number. This guaranties a reparation on the RTP
        transport multicast session basis.

        -RTCP MAY be used for Fast Channel change according to
        [RFC6585]. The way to operate [RFC6585] is out of scope of this
        document.

 

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4.  IANA Considerations

        This document has no actions for IANA.

5.  Security Considerations

        The multicast communication between the MSYNC sender (multicast
        server) and the MSYNC receiver (the multicast gateway) should be
        protected for confidentiality, message corruption and replay
        attacks. The MSYNC protocol does not gather any security
        mechanism. MSYNC relies on possibly content protection (Digital
        Right Management) and on the underlying transport layer and
        security extensions for providing message
        integrity/authentication and replay. Secure RTP (SRTP) [RFC3711]
        and IPSec applied to multicast [RFC5374] are potential
        candidates for providing such extensions.

5.  References

5.1.  Normative References

   [RFC2119] Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels.
              S. Bradner. March 1997. (Format: TXT, HTML) (Updated by
              RFC8174) (Also BCP0014) (Status: BEST CURRENT PRACTICE)
              (DOI: 10.17487/RFC2119) 

   [RFC3550] RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Applications. H.
              Schulzrinne, S. Casner, R. Frederick, V. Jacobson. July
              2003. (Format: TXT, PS, PDF, HTML) (Obsoletes RFC1889)
              (Updated by RFC5506, RFC5761, RFC6051, RFC6222, RFC7022,
              RFC7160, RFC7164, RFC8083, RFC8108) (Also STD0064)
              (Status: INTERNET STANDARD) (DOI: 10.17487/RFC3550)

   [MPEGDASH] "Information technology - Dynamic adaptive streaming over
              HTTP (DASH) - Part1:Media presentation description and
              segment formats",ISO/IEC23009-1 

   [MPEGCMAF] "Information technology - Multimedia application format
              (MPEG-A) - Part 19:Common media application format (CMAF)
              for segmented media"ISO/IEC 23000-19

   [RFC5506] Support for Reduced-Size Real-Time Transport Control
              Protocol(RTCP): Opportunities and Consequences. I.
              Johansson, M. Westerlund. April 2009. (Format: TXT, HTML)
              (Updates RFC3550, RFC3711, RFC4585)(Status: PROPOSED
              STANDARD) (DOI: 10.17487/RFC5506)

 

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   [RFC4585] Extended RTP Profile for Real-time Transport Control
              Protocol(RTCP)-Based Feedback (RTP/AVPF). J. Ott, S.
              Wenger, N. Sato, C.   Burmeister, J. Rey. July 2006.
              (Format: TXT, HTML) (Updated by RFC5506, RFC8108) (Status:
              PROPOSED STANDARD) (DOI:10.17487/RFC4585)  

5.2.  Informative References

   [RFC3711] The Secure Real-time Transport Protocol (SRTP). M. Baugher,
              D. McGrew, M. Naslund, E. Carrara, K. Norrman. March 2004.
              (Format: TXT, HTML) (Updated by RFC5506, RFC6904) (Status:
              PROPOSED STANDARD) (DOI: 10.17487/RFC3711) 

   [RFC5374] Multicast Extensions to the Security Architecture for the
              Internet Protocol. B. Weis, G. Gross, D. Ignjatic.
              November 2008. (Format: TXT, HTML) (Status: PROPOSED
              STANDARD) (DOI: 10.17487/RFC5374) 

   [RFC6585] Unicast-Based Rapid Acquisition of Multicast RTP Sessions.
              B. VerSteeg, A. Begen, T. Van Caenegem, Z. Vax. June 2011.
              (Format: TXT, HTML) (Status: PROPOSED STANDARD) (DOI:
              10.17487/RFC6285)

   [RFC8216] HTTP Live Streaming. R. Pantos, Ed., W. May. August 2017.
              (Format:TXT, HTML) (Status: INFORMATIONAL) (DOI:
              10.17487/RFC8216)

Acknowledgments

      The authors will be ever grateful to their late colleague Arnaud
      Leclerc who has been the initiator of that work. 

      The authors would like to thank the following people for their
      feedback: Yann Barateau (Eutelsat).

Authors' Addresses

      Sophie Bale
      Broadpeak
      15 rue Claude Chappe
      Zone des Champs Blancs
      35510 Cesson-Sevigne
      France

      Email: sophie.bale@broadpeak.tv

 

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      Remy Brebion
      Broadpeak
      15 rue Claude Chappe
      Zone des Champs Blancs
      35510 Cesson-Sevigne
      France

      Email: remy.brebion@broadpeak.tv

      Guillaume Bichot (Editor)
      Broadpeak
      15 rue Claude Chappe
      Zone des Champs Blancs
      35510 Cesson-Sevigne
      France

      Email: guillaume.bichot@broadpeak.tv

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