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DTN Interplanetary Anycast Scheme
draft-cavallini-dtn-iac-00

Document Type Active Internet-Draft (individual)
Authors Danilo Cavallini , Felix Flentge
Last updated 2025-09-17
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draft-cavallini-dtn-iac-00
Internet Engineering Task Force                             D. Cavallini
Internet-Draft                                                F. Flentge
Intended status: Informational   European Space Operations Centre (ESOC)
Expires: 19 March 2026                                 15 September 2025

                   DTN Interplanetary Anycast Scheme
                       draft-cavallini-dtn-iac-00

Abstract

   This document describe a new anycast addressing scheme for Delay-
   Tolerant Networking (DTN), named Interplanetary Anycast Communication
   (iac).  Designed for use within the DTN Bundle Protocol Version 7
   (BPv7), iac enables IP Anycast-like funcionality in the Context of
   Delayed Tolerant Network, so this mechanism enables the routing and
   delivery of bundles to a single member of a specified iac anycast
   group based on a structured Endpoint Identifier (EID) URI scheme.

   The document formally defines the "iac" URI scheme, made of three
   main components, an Allocator Identifier, a Group Number, and a
   Service Number, details registration requirements with IANA
   addressing formats, and service numbering conventions while
   maintaining compatibility with existing IPN/IMC-based identifiers.

Requirements Language

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
   "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
   [RFC2119]

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on 19 March 2026.

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Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2025 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/
   license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document.
   Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights
   and restrictions with respect to this document.  Code Components
   extracted from this document must include Revised BSD License text as
   described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are
   provided without warranty as described in the Revised BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   2.  iac Design Element  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
     2.1.  Core Concept  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
     2.2.  The "iac" Endpoint ID Scheme  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     2.3.  Allocator Identifier  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
     2.4.  Group Number  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     2.5.  Service Number  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
       2.5.1.  Well-Known Service Numbers  . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
   3.  IANA Consideration  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
     3.1.  iac URI Scheme  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     3.2.  Bundle Protocol URI Scheme Types  . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     3.3.  Bundle Protocol Well-Known Group Number . . . . . . . . .   9
   4.  CBOR Representation of iac URIs with BPv7 . . . . . . . . . .  10
     4.1.  iac EID CBOR encoding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
       4.1.1.  iac scheme-specific Encoding  . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
       4.1.2.  'iac' URI Scheme CBOR Syntax  . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
   5.  List Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
     5.1.  iac EID examples  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
   6.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
   7.  References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
     7.1.  Nominative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
     7.2.  Informative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
   Appendix A.  iac EID CBOR decoding  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
   Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
   Contributors  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14

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1.  Introduction

   This document describes a new scheme for Delay-Tolerant Networking
   (DTN) anycast; the scheme, named "Interplanetary Anycast" (iac), is
   designed to be a simple, efficient anycast naming capability
   operating in the context of the Delay-Tolerant Networking (DTN)
   Bundle Protocol Version 7 (BPv7) [RFC9171], this document is intended
   to specify the iac anycast scheme only for the Bundle Protocol
   Version 7 and not the previous versions.

   The iac anycast scheme is intended to offer the following features:

   *  Describe a anycast mechanism for Delayed Tolerant Networks

   *  Give the capability to the Bundle Protocol to address a single
      service on a BP Node that is a member of a specific iac anycast
      group specified in the Bundle EID.

   *  As with its IP-based counterpart, the Interplanetary Anycast
      Communication (iac) mechanism provides the capability to address a
      single resource via its Endpoint Identifier (EID) that could be
      either a member of a designated iac anycast group or any immediate
      neighbor Bundle Protocol (BP) Node ( immediate neighbor: meaning
      one that is a next bundle hop of the source BP Node ).

   *  Data intended for an iac (Interplanetary Anycast Communication)
      anycast group can be transmitted using Delay/Disruption-Tolerant
      Networking (DTN) protocols that can ensure successful data
      delivery, even in environments where end-to-end connectivity is
      intermittent or unavailable for extended periods of time.

   *  Give the possibility to BP Nodes to register to a specific iac
      group, becoming then an eligible destination for a bundle with the
      specified iac group EID .

2.  iac Design Element

2.1.  Core Concept

   Every iac URI, no matter whether it is expressed with a textual
   representation or a binary encoding, MUST be considered as a tuple of
   the following three components:

   *  The Allocator Identifier

   *  The Group Number

   *  The Service Number

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   The Allocator Identifier will permit to different organizations to
   create their own iac anycast address hierarchies; it is the same as
   the one specified in Section 3.2 of [RFC9758], in this document
   explained in (Section 2.3)

   The Group Number is a shared identifier that identifies an iac
   anycast group, in this document explained in (Section 2.4)

   The Service Number is an identifier to distinguish between resources
   on a given node; it is the same as the one is Section 3.5 of
   [RFC9758], in this document explained in (Section 2.5)

2.2.  The "iac" Endpoint ID Scheme

   A BP endpoint identifier (EID) is a Uniform Record Identifier (URI)
   as defined by [RFC3986].  More specifically, each BP EID is a URI
   consisting of a "scheme name" followed by ":", followed by a sequence
   of characters termed the "scheme-specific part" (SSP) in DTN
   specifications, conforming to the URI syntax as defined by [RFC3986]

   All EIDs identifying iac endpoints MUST conform to the "iac" URI
   scheme described below.  As noted below in (Section 3), IANA
   registration is requested for this new URI scheme.

   The scheme identifier is "iac", and the scheme-specific parts are
   represented as a sequence of numeric components separated with the
   '.' character.  A formal definition is provided below and can be
   informally considered as:

         iac:<allocator-identifier>.<group-number>.<service-number>

   The SSP of every URI formed within the "iac" scheme MUST comprise:

   1.  A sequence of ASCII numeric digits representing a unique unsigned
       integer in the range 0 to 2^(32-1), termed the "allocator-
       identifier" of the URI.

   2.  An ASCII period ('.') character.

   3.  A sequence of ASCII numeric digits representing an unsigned
       integer in the range 0 to 2^(32-1), termed the "group-number" of
       the URI.

   4.  An ASCII period ('.') character.

   5.  A sequence of ASCII numeric digits representing an unsigned
       integer, termed the "service number" of the URI.

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   To keep the text representation concise, the following rules apply:

   1.  All leading '0' characters MUST be omitted.  A single '0' is
       valid.

   The Allocator Identifier has the same structure, purpose and meaning
   as the one in IPN scheme Section 3.2 of [RFC9758]

   The Group Number in the iac scheme is intended to carry the same
   semantic meaning as in other naming scheme addressing group of nodes,
   such as multi-destination naming schemes like IMC (interplanetary
   multicast), are expected to define groups in the same way to allow
   aligning the definition of groups of nodes across multiple naming
   schemes..

   The Service Number has the same, structure, purpose and meaning as
   the one in IPN scheme [RFC9758]

2.3.  Allocator Identifier

   The Allocator Identifier defined in this Document MUST be the exact
   same one as the one defined in the ipn scheme Section 3.2 of
   [RFC9758]

   In the [RFC9758] an Allocator is an entity authorized to assign Node
   Numbers for use with the 'ipn' URI scheme.  This authorization is
   granted through the assignment of a unique Allocator Identifier (an
   unsigned integer within the 32-bit range) by the Internet Assigned
   Numbers Authority (IANA) to the registry called 'ipn' Scheme URI
   Allocator Identifiers.  This authorization SHALL be extended to
   include authorization to the assignment of group numbers.  It is
   requested to rename the IANA registry to 'ipn & iac' Scheme URI
   Allocator Identifiers

   Each Allocator is permitted to assign Node Numbers by its own
   internal policies without requiring coordination with other
   Allocators, provided the assigned numbers are unique within its
   scope.  For non-interoperable deployments, a predefined private-use
   range is available via the Default Allocator.

   The usage in the iac scheme is the equivalent to ipn, so every
   Allocator can decide to assign iac scheme hierarchies (without
   violating the scheme rules in this Document), also a DefaultAllocator
   is defined which is the Allocator Number zero (0), this Allocator is
   privately defined but can be used by anyone

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   In iac scheme the Allocator Identifier 0 MUST be declared, unlike the
   ipn scheme [RFC9758], in ipn it is recommended to omit the allocator
   from the URI if it is 0, leading to 2-3 parts URI, the iac URI is
   always 3 elements

2.4.  Group Number

   An iac anycast group is a non-singleton BP endpoint that is
   identified by a URI that conforms to the "iac" scheme.  A BP node
   joins an iac anycast group by registering with the corresponding
   endpoint, and it leaves the group by unregistering from that
   endpoint.

   A BP node that is registered in an iac anycast group MUST deliver
   bundles only to endpoints which are members of the anycast group
   specified as destination eid in the bundle's primary header; After
   delivery to the service application identified by the service number,
   the bundle MUST NOT be forwarded to any other BP Node

   If the bundle anycast group destination differs, then the bundle MUST
   NOT be accepted; the bundle SHOULD be routed and forwarded to another
   iac-capable BP node or, if the node is not iac compliant, it MAY be
   discarded.

   The Group Number with the number zero (0) is reserved and each node
   supporting the iac naming scheme SHALL be implicitly registered in
   all EID with the group number `0`.This will result that any bundle
   with an iac destination endpoint id having group number `0` will be
   delivered at the next iac-compliant hop.  In particular, any bundle
   with a destination eid with group and service number `0` will be
   delivered to the administrative element of the next hop supporting
   the iac naming scheme.

   An iac bundle with the destination eid 0 should be routed to the
   nearest BP node that MUST differ from the the local one.  This rule
   is valid only for the iac group 0, if a bundle has any other iac
   group number as endpoint eid than it can also be routed to the local
   BP node if it matches the local registered group numbers.

   An iac anycast group may at any time have zero, one, or many members,
   the members of the group

   A new IANA registry is requested for "Bundle Protocol Well-Known
   Group Number", to define the registration of Group Numbers in the
   Bundle Protocol, see Section 3.3, the Well-Known Group Numbers set in
   this registry MUST be valid for every Allocator, not only the Default
   one.

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2.5.  Service Number

   The iac scheme Service Number MUST be the same as the one specified
   in Section 3.2 of [RFC9758]

   The service number is an unsigned integer that identifies a
   particular resource on a node.  It serves a role analogous to a port
   number in traditional IP networking.  It allows multiple services or
   applications to coexist on the same BP node and ensures that a
   received bundle is delivered to the correct service endpoint.

   In the iac context, when a bundle is received, if the BP Node has
   joined the correct iac anycast group, then the bundle MUST be
   retained by the BP Node and SHALL then be delivered to the service
   registered under the Service Number specified in the EID.

   Another interesting usage of the Service Number in the iac context is
   the service number zero (0) (example: iac:0.0), a bundle with this
   EID is trying to deliver a bundle to the administrative element of a
   BP Node; the mechanism could allow interesting use for reporting and
   custody matters in the BP context.

2.5.1.  Well-Known Service Numbers

   For Bundle Protocol Version 7 (BPv7) services that are publicly
   specified and widely adopted, it is advantageous to assign a
   predefined default Service Number.  That allows such services to be
   assumed already operative by default on a BP Node in the absence of
   explicit configuration.

   The iac scheme SHALL share the same well-known service numbers as
   those in IANA registry, "'ipn' Scheme URI Well-Known Service Numbers
   for Section 5.6 of [RFC8126].  This registry formalizes the
   assignment of Service Numbers to well-known BPv7 services and
   includes reserved ranges for both experimental purposes and private
   use.  It is requested to rename this registry to "'ipn and iac'
   Scheme URI Well-Known Service Numbers for BPv7"

   To support this mechanism, a new IANA registry entitled "'ipn' Scheme
   URI Well-Known Service Numbers for BPv7" specified in Section 9.3 of
   [RFC9758].

3.  IANA Consideration

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3.1.  iac URI Scheme

   Provisional registration (per [RFC4395]) for a URI scheme is
   requested, with the string "iac" as the suggested scheme name, as
   follows.

   URI scheme name: "iac".

   Status: permanent.

   URI scheme syntax:

   This specification uses the Augmented Backus-Naur Form (ABNF)
   notation of [RFC5234], including the core ABNF syntax rule for DIGIT
   defined by that specification.

   iac-uri = "iac:" iac-hier-part
   iac-hier-part = allocator-identifier "." group-number "." service-
   number
   allocator-identifier = number
   group-number = number
   service-number = number
   number = "0" / non-zero-number
   non-zero-number = (%x31-39 *DIGIT) DIGIT = %x30-39

   None of the reserved characters defined in the generic URI syntax are
   used as delimiters within URIs of the iac scheme.

   Encoding considerations: URIs of the IMC scheme are encoded
   exclusively in US-ASCII characters.

   Applications and/or protocols that use this URI scheme name: the
   Delay-Tolerant Networking (DTN) Bundle Protocol Version 7 (BP)
   [RFC9171].

   Interoperability considerations: as noted above, URIs of the iac
   scheme are encoded exclusively in US-ASCII characters.

3.2.  Bundle Protocol URI Scheme Types

   A new URI scheme code (proposal for value 3) in the "Bundle Protocol
   URI Scheme Types" IANA registry for the iac scheme is hereby
   requested to enable the definition of an efficient encoding and
   decoding mechanism for the iac scheme in CBOR.

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   This specification re-uses the "Bundle Protocol URI Scheme Types"
   registry within the "Bundle Protocol" registry group [IANA-BP] for
   the CBOR encoding of EID Patterns and adds an informative column "EID
   Pattern Reference" as in the following table for iac scheme URI code.

   Specifications of new EID Pattern schemes SHALL define all of the
   required items from Section 2.2 to ensure that pattern behavior is
   consistent across different schemes.

       +=======+=============+=====+==============================+
       | Value | Description | ... | EID Pattern Reference        |
       +=======+=============+=====+==============================+
       | TBD1  | iac         |     | Section 2.2 of this Document |
       +-------+-------------+-----+------------------------------+

                 Table 1: CBOR Tag Values for EID Schemes

3.3.  Bundle Protocol Well-Known Group Number

   IANA is requested to create a new registry entitled "Bundle Protocol
   Well-Known Group Numbers" under the namespace "Uniform Resource
   Identifier (URI) Schemes".  The registration policy for this
   registry, using terms defined in [RFC8126], is:

          +====================+===============================+
          | Range              | Registration Policy           |
          +====================+===============================+
          |         0          | Reserved for the "Any Group"  |
          +--------------------+-------------------------------+
          |       1-127        | Private Use                   |
          +--------------------+-------------------------------+
          |      128-255       | Standards Action              |
          +--------------------+-------------------------------+
          |   0x0100-0x7FFF    | Private Use                   |
          +--------------------+-------------------------------+
          |   0x8000-0xFFFF    | Specification Required        |
          +--------------------+-------------------------------+
          | 0x10000-0xFFFFFFFF | Private Use                   |
          +--------------------+-------------------------------+
          |   >=0x100000000    | Reserved for future expansion |
          +--------------------+-------------------------------+

             Table 2: Bundle Protocol Well-Known Group Number
                          registration policies

   Each entry in this registry represents a group number.  This group
   number MUST still hold value across all different Allocator, not only
   on the Default Allocator.

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   It is expected that each identified organization publishes some
   listing of allocated group numbers - the pointer to which is listed
   in the "Reference" field of the registry.

   The initial values for the registry are:

          +======+=================+===========================+
          | Name | Description     | Reference                 |
          +======+=================+===========================+
          |  0   | The "Any" Group | [[this RFC]](Section 2.4) |
          +------+-----------------+---------------------------+

             Table 3: Bundle Protocol Well-Known Group Number
                              initial values

4.  CBOR Representation of iac URIs with BPv7

   Section 4.2.5.1 of [RFC9171] requires that any URI scheme used to
   represent BPv7 EIDs MUST define how the scheme-specific part of the
   URI scheme is encoded with Concise Binary Object Representation
   (CBOR)[RFC8949].

   To meet this requirement, this section describes the CBOR encoding
   and decoding approach for iac EIDs.

   Even if the uri-code of iac scheme is TBD1 (to be defined), for just
   example purposes, the document will use the unsigned int value (3) as
   the uri-code for the iac scheme, any other value that will be
   allocated by IANA will still output the same CBOR structures

4.1.  iac EID CBOR encoding

   This scheme was specifically designed to enable compact
   representation and efficient processing, and its encoding methods
   preserve these goals.

   As defined in [RFC9171], iac EIDs consist of a sequence of numeric
   identifiers.  In textual form, these identifiers are separated by
   periods (.).  In CBOR, this sequence can be naturally represented as
   an array.  Therefore, when encoding iac EIDs for Bundle Protocol
   Version 7 (BPv7), the scheme-specific part of the URI MUST be a CBOR
   array containing three elements.  Each element MUST be a CBOR
   unsigned integer.

   The details of the encoding are described below.

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4.1.1.  iac scheme-specific Encoding

   In the three-element scheme-specific encoding of an ipn EID, the
   first element of the array is the Allocator identifer (Section 2.3),
   the second is the iac Group Number (Section 2.4), and the third
   element of the array is the iac (same as ipn scheme) Service Number
   (Section 2.5).

   For example, the iac EID of iac:2.14.1 would be encoded in CBOR as
   the following 6-octet sequence:

               82        # 2-Element Endpoint Encoding
                  03     # uri-code: 3 ('iac' URI scheme)
                  83     # 3-Element iac EID encoding
                     02  # allocator-identifier
                     0E  # group-number
                     01  # service-number

4.1.2.  'iac' URI Scheme CBOR Syntax

   When encoded in CBOR [RFC8949], a BPv7 endpoint identified by an iac
   URI MUST comply with the following Concise Data Definition Language
   (CDDL) [RFC8610] specification:

               eid-structure = [
               uri-code: uint,
               SSP: any
               ]

   ; ... Syntax for other uri-code values defined in RFC 9171 ...

               $eid /= [
               uri-code: 3,
               SSP: iac-ssp3
               ]

               iac-ssp3 = [
               allocator-identifier: uint .lt 4294967296,
               group-number: uint .lt 4294967296,
               service-number: uint
               ]

5.  List Examples

5.1.  iac EID examples

   iac Complete EID

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   (a)  iac:2.4.22

   iac EID with the "Any Group", with this syntax any "next iac hop" can
   be specified

   (a)  iac:0.0.3

   iac any administrative endpoint special case

   (a)  iac:0.0.0

   (b)  iac:0.4.0

6.  Security Considerations

   This document should not affect the security of the Internet.

   Route Manipulation: In a DTN anycast environment, BP nodes may
   opportunistically advertise their availability to receive bundles
   addressed to a shared anycast identifier.  This dynamic and
   decentralized behavior introduces the risk of route manipulation,
   wherein a malicious or compromised node could falsely present itself
   as the optimal or nearest anycast recipient.  Such unauthorized
   advertisements could lead to traffic interception, blackholing, or
   intentional delay of bundle delivery, thereby undermining the
   reliability and integrity of the communication system.  To mitigate
   these risks, it is essential to employ robust cryptographic
   mechanisms that authenticate node identities and verify routing
   advertisements, such as the Bundle Protocol Security.

   Impersonation: In a DTN anycast environment, where multiple nodes
   share a common service identifier, the lack of strong endpoint
   authentication creates a significant risk of impersonation and
   spoofing.  A malicious actor could masquerade as a legitimate anycast
   group member and accept bundles intended for trusted nodes,
   potentially leading to unauthorized data access, manipulation, or
   service disruption.  This threat is amplified in intermittently
   connected or low-trust environments—such as military or remote
   sensing networks—where verifying node authenticity in real time may
   be infeasible.  To counter this, it is critical to implement robust
   authentication mechanisms for both endpoints and transmitted bundles,
   leveraging cryptographic signatures and identity verification
   protocols provided by DTN security extensions like BPSec.

   Traffic Stealing: Unlike multicast (but like unicast), anycast allows
   traffic stealing.  With multicast, joining a multicast group doesn't
   prevent anyone else who was receiving the traffic from continuing to
   receive the traffic.  With anycast, adding an anycasted node to the

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   routing system can prevent a previous recipient from continuing to
   receive traffic because it may now be delivered to the new node
   instead.  As such, if an unauthorized anycast node can inject a route
   into the network traffic can be diverted thereby triggering DoS or
   other attacks.

7.  References

7.1.  Nominative References

   [RFC3986]  Berners-Lee, T., Fielding, R., and L. Masinter, "Uniform
              Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax", STD 66,
              RFC 3986, DOI 10.17487/RFC3986, January 2005,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3986>.

   [RFC5234]  Crocker, D., Ed. and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for Syntax
              Specifications: ABNF", STD 68, RFC 5234,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC5234, January 2008,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5234>.

   [RFC8949]  Bormann, C. and P. Hoffman, "Concise Binary Object
              Representation (CBOR)", STD 94, RFC 8949,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC8949, December 2020,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8949>.

   [RFC8610]  Birkholz, H., Vigano, C., and C. Bormann, "Concise Data
              Definition Language (CDDL): A Notational Convention to
              Express Concise Binary Object Representation (CBOR) and
              JSON Data Structures", RFC 8610, DOI 10.17487/RFC8610,
              June 2019, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8610>.

   [RFC9171]  Burleigh, S., Ed., Fall, K., and E. J. Birrane, "Bundle
              Protocol Version 7", RFC 9171, DOI 10.17487/RFC9171,
              January 2022, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9171>.

   [RFC9758]  Taylor, R. and E. Birrane III, "Updates to the 'ipn' URI
              Scheme", RFC 9758, DOI 10.17487/RFC9758, May 2025,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9758>.

   [RFC8126]  Cotton, M., Leiba, B., and T. Narten, "Guidelines for
              Writing an IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26,
              RFC 8126, DOI 10.17487/RFC8126, June 2017,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8126>.

   [RFC4395]  Hansen, T., Hardie, T., and L. Masinter, "Guidelines and
              Registration Procedures for New URI Schemes", RFC 4395,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC4395, February 2006,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4395>.

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Internet-Draft                     iac                    September 2025

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

7.2.  Informative References

Appendix A.  iac EID CBOR decoding

   An iac EID CBOR decoder can reconstruct an ipn EID using the
   following logic.  In this description, the term enc_eid refers to the
   CBOR-encoded iac EID, and the term iac_eid refers to the decoded ipn
   EID.

           iac_eid.allocator_identifier := enc_eid[0];
           iac_eid.node_number := enc_eid[1];
           iac_eid.service_number := enc_eid[2];

Acknowledgements

   Special thanks to Scott, Rick et al.  The design and specifications
   of the anycast naming scheme were notably influenced and inspired by
   the foundational work on the imc naming scheme created by Scott et
   al. and the ipn scheme and subsequent updates by Rick et al.

Contributors

   Thanks to all of the contributors.

Authors' Addresses

   Danilo Cavallini
   European Space Operations Centre (ESOC)
   Via Tranquillo Cremona 6
   40137 Bologna Emilia-Romagna
   Italy
   Phone: +393428851345
   Email: danilo.cavallini.01@gmail.com

   Felix Flentge
   European Space Operations Centre (ESOC)
   Germany
   Phone: +496151904075
   Email: Felix.Flentge@esa.int

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