The CONNECT-IP HTTP Method
draft-cms-masque-connect-ip-00
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| Authors | Alex Chernyakhovsky , Dallas McCall , David Schinazi | ||
| Last updated | 2021-04-12 | ||
| Replaced by | draft-age-masque-connect-ip | ||
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draft-cms-masque-connect-ip-00
MASQUE A. Chernyakhovsky
Internet-Draft D. McCall
Intended status: Standards Track D. Schinazi
Expires: 14 October 2021 Google LLC
12 April 2021
The CONNECT-IP HTTP Method
draft-cms-masque-connect-ip-00
Abstract
This document describes the CONNECT-IP HTTP method. CONNECT-IP is
similar to CONNECT-UDP, but allows transmitting IP packets, without
being limited to just TCP like CONNECT or UDP like CONNECT-UDP.
Discussion Venues
This note is to be removed before publishing as an RFC.
Discussion of this document takes place on the Multiplexed
Application Substrate over QUIC Encryption Working Group mailing list
(masque@ietf.org), which is archived at
https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/browse/masque/.
Source for this draft and an issue tracker can be found at
https://github.com/DavidSchinazi/draft-cms-masque-connect-ip.
Status of This Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute
working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-
Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.
Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
This Internet-Draft will expire on 14 October 2021.
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Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2021 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/
license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document.
Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights
and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components
extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text
as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are
provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.1. Conventions and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. The CONNECT-IP Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3. Transmitting IP Packets using HTTP Datagrams . . . . . . . . 4
4. Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
5. Stream Chunks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
6. Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
6.1. IP_PACKET Message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
6.2. ADDRESS_ASSIGN Message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
6.3. ADDRESS_REQUEST Message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
6.4. ROUTE_ADVERTISEMENT Message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
6.5. ROUTE_REJECTION Message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
6.6. ROUTE_RESET Message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
6.7. SHUTDOWN Message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
6.8. ATOMIC_START Message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
6.9. ATOMIC_END Message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
7. Extensibility Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
8. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
9. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
9.1. HTTP Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
9.2. Stream Chunk Type Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
10. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
10.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
10.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Appendix A. Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
A.1. Consumer VPN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
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1. Introduction
This document describes the CONNECT-IP HTTP method. CONNECT-IP is
similar to CONNECT-UDP, but allows transmitting IP packets, without
being limited to just TCP like CONNECT or UDP like CONNECT-UDP.
CONNECT-IP allows endpoints to set up an IP tunnel between one
another. This can be used to implement a consumer VPN, point-to-
point, point-to-network, and network-to-network capabilities as
described in [REQS].
1.1. Conventions and Definitions
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
"OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP
14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
capitals, as shown here.
In this document, we use the term "proxy" to refer to the HTTP server
that responds to the CONNECT-IP request. If there are HTTP
intermediaries (as defined in Section 2.3 of [RFC7230]) between the
client and the proxy, those are referred to as "intermediaries" in
this document.
2. The CONNECT-IP Method
The CONNECT-IP method establishes a stream to an endpoint server that
then permits the exchange of control data, such as IP address
information, reachable IP ranges, and other relevant information for
successfully transmitting IP datagrams between hosts.
The request-target of a CONNECT-IP request is a URI [URI] which uses
the "https" scheme and an immutable path of "/". When using HTTP/2
[H2] or later, CONNECT-IP requests use HTTP pseudo-headers with the
following requirements:
* The ":method" pseudo-header field is set to "CONNECT-IP".
* The ":scheme" pseudo-header field is set to "https".
* The ":path" pseudo-header field is set to "/".
* The ":authority" pseudo-header field contains the host and port of
the proxy. The target of a CONNECT-IP request is the server
providing the CONNECT-IP featureset, not an individual endpoint
with which a connection is desired.
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A CONNECT-IP request that does not conform to these restrictions is
malformed (see [H2], Section 8.1.2.6).
Any 2xx (Successful) response indicates that the proxy is willing to
open an IP tunnel between it and the client. Any response other than
a successful response indicates that the tunnel has not yet been
formed.
A proxy MUST NOT send any Transfer-Encoding or Content-Length header
fields in a 2xx (Successful) response to CONNECT-IP. A client MUST
treat a successful response to CONNECT-IP containing any Content-
Length or Transfer-Encoding header fields as malformed.
A payload within a CONNECT-IP request message has no defined
semantics; a CONNECT-IP request with a non-empty payload is
malformed. Note that the CONNECT-IP stream is used to convey control
messages, but they are not semantically part of the request or
response themselves.
Responses to the CONNECT-IP method are not cacheable.
The lifetime of the tunnel is tied to the CONNECT-IP stream. Closing
the stream (via the FIN bit on a QUIC STREAM frame, or a QUIC
RESET_STREAM frame) closes the associated tunnel.
3. Transmitting IP Packets using HTTP Datagrams
When the HTTP connection supports HTTP/3 datagrams [H3DGRAM], IP
packets can be sent using them. The HTTP/3 Datagram Payload contains
a full IP packet, from the IP Version field until the last byte of
the IP Payload.
4. Routes
Endpoints have the ability to advertise and reject routes using the
ROUTE_ADVERTISEMENT (Section 6.4) and ROUTE_REJECTION (Section 6.4)
messages. Note that these messages are purely informational: receipt
of a ROUTE_ADVERTISEMENT message does not require the recipient to
start routing traffic to its peer. Additionally, if an endpoint
receives a ROUTE_REJECTION for a given prefix that it had previously
received a ROUTE_ADVERTISEMENT message for, then the two cancel out
and the endpoint MUST remove its state from the ROUTE_ADVERTISEMENT
message instead of installing new state for the ROUTE_REJECTION
message. Conversely, the same is true of a ROUTE_ADVERTISEMENT that
matches a previous ROUTE_REJECTION. Routes are handled via longest-
prefix-first preference, meaning that if a given IP prefix is covered
by multiple route advertisement and route rejections, the one with
the longest prefix is used.
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5. Stream Chunks
The DATA stream tied to the bidirectional stream that the CONNECT-IP
request was sent on is a sequence of CONNECT-IP Stream Chunks, which
are defined as a sequence of type-length-value tuples using the
following format (using the notation from the "Notational
Conventions" section of [QUIC]):
CONNECT-IP Stream {
CONNECT-IP Stream Chunk (..) ...,
}
Figure 1: CONNECT-IP Stream Format
CONNECT-IP Stream Chunk {
CONNECT-IP Stream Chunk Type (i),
CONNECT-IP Stream Chunk Length (i),
CONNECT-IP Stream Chunk Value (..),
}
Figure 2: CONNECT-IP Stream Chunk Format
CONNECT-IP Stream Chunk Type: A variable-length integer indicating
the Type of the CONNECT-IP Stream Chunk. Endpoints that receive a
chunk with an unknown CONNECT-IP Stream Chunk Type MUST silently
skip over that chunk.
CONNECT-IP Stream Chunk Length: The length of the CONNECT-IP Stream
Chunk Value field following this field. Note that this field can
have a value of zero.
CONNECT-IP Stream Chunk Value: The payload of this chunk. Its
semantics are determined by the value of the CONNECT-IP Stream
Chunk Type field.
6. Messages
6.1. IP_PACKET Message
The IP_PACKET message allows conveying IP Packets when HTTP/3
Datagrams are not available. This message uses a CONNECT-IP Stream
Chunk Type of 0x00. Its value uses the following format:
IP_PACKET Message {
IP Packet (...),
}
Figure 3: IP_PACKET Message Format
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IP Packet: A full IP packet, from the IP Version field until the
last byte of the IP Payload.
Note that this message MAY still be used even when HTTP/3 datagrams
are available.
6.2. ADDRESS_ASSIGN Message
The ADDRESS_ASSIGN message allows an endpoint to inform its peer that
it has assigned an IP address to it. It allows assigning a prefix
which can contain multiple addresses. This message uses a CONNECT-IP
Stream Chunk Type of 0x01. Its value uses the following format:
ADDRESS_ASSIGN Message {
IP Version (8),
IP Address (32..128),
IP Prefix Length (8),
}
Figure 4: ADDRESS_ASSIGN Message Format
IP Version: IP Version of this address assignment. MUST be either 4
or 6.
IP Address: Assigned IP address. If the IP Version field has value
4, the IP Address field SHALL have a length of 32 bits. If the IP
Version field has value 6, the IP Address field SHALL have a
length of 128 bits.
IP Prefix Length: Length of the IP Prefix assigned, in bits. MUST
be lesser or equal to the length of the IP Address field, in bits.
6.3. ADDRESS_REQUEST Message
The ADDRESS_REQUEST message allows an endpoint to request assignment
of an IP address from its peer. It allows the endpoint to optionally
indicate a preference for which address it would get assigned. This
message uses a CONNECT-IP Stream Chunk Type of 0x02. Its value uses
the following format:
ADDRESS_REQUEST Message {
IP Version (8),
IP Address (32..128),
IP Prefix Length (8),
}
Figure 5: ADDRESS_REQUEST Message Format
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IP Version: IP Version of this address request. MUST be either 4 or
6.
IP Address: Requested IP address. If the IP Version field has value
4, the IP Address field SHALL have a length of 32 bits. If the IP
Version field has value 6, the IP Address field SHALL have a
length of 128 bits.
IP Prefix Length: Length of the IP Prefix requested, in bits. MUST
be lesser or equal to the length of the IP Address field, in bits.
Upon receiving the ADDRESS_REQUEST message, an endpoint SHOULD assign
an IP address to its peer, and then respond with an ADDRESS_ASSIGN
message to inform the peer of the assignment.
6.4. ROUTE_ADVERTISEMENT Message
The ROUTE_ADVERTISEMENT message allows an endpoint to communicate to
its peer that it is willing to route traffic to a given prefix. This
message uses a CONNECT-IP Stream Chunk Type of 0x03. Its value uses
the following format:
ROUTE_ADVERTISEMENT Message {
IP Version (8),
IP Address (32..128),
IP Prefix Length (8),
}
Figure 6: ROUTE_ADVERTISEMENT Message Format
IP Version: IP Version of this route advertisement. MUST be either
4 or 6.
IP Address: IP address of the advertised route. If the IP Version
field has value 4, the IP Address field SHALL have a length of 32
bits. If the IP Version field has value 6, the IP Address field
SHALL have a length of 128 bits.
IP Prefix Length: Length of the IP Prefix of the advertised route,
in bits. MUST be lesser or equal to the length of the IP Address
field, in bits.
Upon receiving the ROUTE_ADVERTISEMENT message, an endpoint MAY start
routing IP packets in that prefix to its peer.
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6.5. ROUTE_REJECTION Message
The ROUTE_REJECTION message allows an endpoint to communicate to its
peer that it is not willing to route traffic to a given prefix. This
message uses a CONNECT-IP Stream Chunk Type of 0x04. Its value uses
the following format:
ROUTE_REJECTION Message {
IP Version (8),
IP Address (32..128),
IP Prefix Length (8),
}
Figure 7: ROUTE_REJECTION Message Format
IP Version: IP Version of this route rejection. MUST be either 4 or
6.
IP Address: IP address of the rejected route. If the IP Version
field has value 4, the IP Address field SHALL have a length of 32
bits. If the IP Version field has value 6, the IP Address field
SHALL have a length of 128 bits.
IP Prefix Length: Length of the IP Prefix of the advertised route,
in bits. MUST be lesser or equal to the length of the IP Address
field, in bits.
Upon receiving the ROUTE_REJECTION message, an endpoint MUST stop
routing IP packets in that prefix to its peer. Note that this
message can be reordered with DATAGRAM frames, and therefore an
endpoint that receives packets for routes it has rejected MUST NOT
treat that as an error.
6.6. ROUTE_RESET Message
The ROUTE_RESET message allows an endpoint to cancel any routes it
had previously advertised or denied. This message uses a CONNECT-IP
Stream Chunk Type of 0x05. Its value uses the following format:
ROUTE_RESET Message {
}
Figure 8: ROUTE_RESET Message Format
Upon receiving the ROUTE_RESET message, an endpoint MUST stop routing
IP packets to its peer. Note that this message can be reordered with
DATAGRAM frames, and therefore an endpoint that receives packets for
routes it has rejected MUST NOT treat that as an error.
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The main purpose of the ROUTE_RESET message is to allow endpoints to
not have to remember the full list of routes they have shared with
their peer. In practice, it is expected that ROUTE_RESET messages
will be closely followed by ROUTE_ADVERTISEMENT messages that will
refill the routing table that was just cleared.
6.7. SHUTDOWN Message
The SHUTDOWN message allows an endpoint to communicate to its peer
that it is about to close the CONNECT-IP stream, with a string
explaining the reason for the shutdown. This message uses a CONNECT-
IP Stream Chunk Type of 0x06. Its value uses the following format:
SHUTDOWN Message {
Reason Phrase (..),
}
Figure 9: SHUTDOWN Message Format
Reason Phrase: Additional diagnostic information for the shutdown.
This SHOULD be a UTF-8 encoded string [UTF8], though the frame
does not carry information, such as language tags, that would aid
comprehension by any entity other than the one that created the
text.
Note that the SHUTDOWN message is informational, the tunnel is only
closed when its corresponding CONNECT-IP stream is closed. Endpoints
MAY close the tunnel with a reason phrase by sending the SHUTDOWN
message with the FIN bit set on the underlying QUIC STREAM frame that
carried it.
6.8. ATOMIC_START Message
The ATOMIC_START message allows an endpoint to create an atomic set
of messages. This message uses a CONNECT-IP Stream Chunk Type of
0x07. Its value uses the following format:
ATOMIC_START Message {
}
Figure 10: ATOMIC_START Message Format
Upon receiving an ATOMIC_START message, an endpoint MUST buffer all
incoming known messages until it receives an ATOMIC_END message.
Endpoints MUST NOT send two ATOMIC_START messages without an
ATOMIC_END message between them.
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Endpoints MUST NOT buffer unknown messages. Endpoints MAY choose to
immediately process IP_PACKET and SHUTDOWN messages instead of
buffering them. Extensions that register new message types MAY
specify that it is allowed to skip buffering for them.
The purpose of this frame is to avoid timing issues where an endpoint
installs a route before an important route rejection was received.
Endpoints SHOULD group their initial configuration into an atomic
block to allow their peer to mark the tunnel as operational once the
whole block is parsed.
6.9. ATOMIC_END Message
The ATOMIC_END message allows an endpoint to end an atomic set of
messages. This message uses a CONNECT-IP Stream Chunk Type of 0x08.
Its value uses the following format:
ATOMIC_END Message {
}
Figure 11: ATOMIC_END Message Format
Upon receiving an ATOMIC_END message, an endpoint MUST parse all
previously buffered messages, in order of receipt. Endpoints MUST
NOT send an ATOMIC_END message without a preceding ATOMIC_START
message.
7. Extensibility Considerations
CONNECT-IP can be extended via multiple mechanisms to increase
functionality. There are two main ways to extend CONNECT-IP: HTTP
headers and CONNECT-IP Stream Chunk Types. For example, an
authentication extension could define an HTTP header that allows
endpoints to send authentication credentials to their peer during the
creation of the tunnel. Alternatively, one could specify an
extension that defines a new CONNECT-IP Stream Chunk Type which
allows exchanging DNS configuration between endpoints.
8. Security Considerations
There are significant risks in allowing arbitrary clients to
establish a tunnel to arbitrary servers, as that could allow bad
actors to send traffic and have it attributed to the proxy. Proxies
that support CONNECT-IP SHOULD restrict its use to authenticated
users. The HTTP Authorization header [AUTH] MAY be used to
authenticate clients. More complex authentication schemes are out of
scope for this document but can be implemented using CONNECT-IP
extensions.
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9. IANA Considerations
9.1. HTTP Method
This document will request IANA to register "CONNECT-IP" in the HTTP
Method Registry (IETF review) maintained at
<https://www.iana.org/assignments/http-methods>.
+-------------+------+------------+---------------+
| Method Name | Safe | Idempotent | Reference |
+-------------+------+------------+---------------+
| CONNECT-IP | no | no | This document |
+-------------+------+------------+---------------+
9.2. Stream Chunk Type Registration
This document will request IANA to create a "CONNECT-IP Stream Chunk
Type" registry. This registry governs a 62-bit space, and follows
the registration policy for QUIC registries as defined in [QUIC]. In
addition to the fields required by the QUIC policy, registrations in
this registry MUST include the following fields:
Type: A short mnemonic for the type.
Description: A brief description of the type semantics, which MAY be
a summary if a specification reference is provided.
The initial contents of this registry are:
+-------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------+
| Value | Type | Description | Reference |
+-------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------+
| 0x00 | IP_PACKET | Full IP packet | This document |
| 0x01 | ADDRESS_ASSIGN | Address Assignment | This document |
| 0x02 | ADDRESS_REQUEST | Address Request | This document |
| 0x03 | ROUTE_ADVERTISEMENT | Route Advertisement | This document |
| 0x04 | ROUTE_REJECTION | Route Rejection | This document |
| 0x05 | ROUTE_RESET | Route Reset | This document |
| 0x06 | SHUTDOWN | Shutdown Reason | This document |
| 0x07 | ATOMIC_START | Atomic Start | This document |
| 0x08 | ATOMIC_END | Atomic End | This document |
+-------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------+
Each value of the format "41 * N + 29" for integer values of N (that
is, 29, 70, 111, ...) are reserved; these values MUST NOT be assigned
by IANA and MUST NOT appear in the listing of assigned values.
10. References
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10.1. Normative References
[H2] Belshe, M., Peon, R., and M. Thomson, Ed., "Hypertext
Transfer Protocol Version 2 (HTTP/2)", RFC 7540,
DOI 10.17487/RFC7540, May 2015,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7540>.
[H3DGRAM] Schinazi, D. and L. Pardue, "Using QUIC Datagrams with
HTTP/3", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-
masque-h3-datagram-00, 29 January 2021,
<https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-masque-h3-
datagram-00>.
[QUIC] Iyengar, J. and M. Thomson, "QUIC: A UDP-Based Multiplexed
and Secure Transport", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft,
draft-ietf-quic-transport-34, 14 January 2021,
<https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-quic-transport-
34>.
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2119>.
[RFC7230] Fielding, R., Ed. and J. Reschke, Ed., "Hypertext Transfer
Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Message Syntax and Routing",
RFC 7230, DOI 10.17487/RFC7230, June 2014,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7230>.
[RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8174>.
[URI] Berners-Lee, T., Fielding, R., and L. Masinter, "Uniform
Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax", STD 66,
RFC 3986, DOI 10.17487/RFC3986, January 2005,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3986>.
[UTF8] Yergeau, F., "UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO
10646", STD 63, RFC 3629, DOI 10.17487/RFC3629, November
2003, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3629>.
10.2. Informative References
[AUTH] Fielding, R., Ed. and J. Reschke, Ed., "Hypertext Transfer
Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Authentication", RFC 7235,
DOI 10.17487/RFC7235, June 2014,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7235>.
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[REQS] Chernyakhovsky, A., McCall, D., and D. Schinazi,
"Requirements for a MASQUE Protocol to Proxy IP Traffic",
Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-masque-ip-
proxy-reqs-01, 8 January 2021,
<https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-masque-ip-proxy-
reqs-01>.
Appendix A. Examples
A.1. Consumer VPN
In this scenario, the client will typically receive a single IP
address that the proxy has picked from a pool of addresses it
maintains. The client will route all traffic through the tunnel.
The exchange could look as follows:
Client Server
ADDRESS_REQUEST -------->
IP Version = 4
IP Address = 0.0.0.0
IP Prefix Length = 0
<-------- ADDRESS_ASSIGN
IP Version = 4
IP Address = 192.0.2.42
IP Prefix Length = 32
<-------- ROUTE_ADVERTISEMENT
IP Version = 4
IP Address = 0.0.0.0
IP Prefix Length = 0
Acknowledgments
The design of CONNECT-IP was inspired by discussions in the MASQUE
working group around [REQS]. The authors would like to thank
participants in those discussions for their feedback.
Authors' Addresses
Alex Chernyakhovsky
Google LLC
1600 Amphitheatre Parkway
Mountain View, California 94043,
United States of America
Email: achernya@google.com
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Dallas McCall
Google LLC
1600 Amphitheatre Parkway
Mountain View, California 94043,
United States of America
Email: dallasmccall@google.com
David Schinazi
Google LLC
1600 Amphitheatre Parkway
Mountain View, California 94043,
United States of America
Email: dschinazi.ietf@gmail.com
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