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Handling of Internet Drafts by IETF Working Groups
draft-crocker-id-adoption-08

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Document Type
This is an older version of an Internet-Draft that was ultimately published as RFC 7221.
Authors Adrian Farrel , Dave Crocker
Last updated 2014-02-06
RFC stream Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
Formats
Reviews
Stream WG state (None)
Document shepherd Barry Leiba
Shepherd write-up Show Last changed 2014-02-03
IESG IESG state Became RFC 7221 (Informational)
Consensus boilerplate Unknown
Telechat date (None)
Needs a YES.
Responsible AD Barry Leiba
Send notices to adrian@olddog.co.uk, dcrocker@bbiw.net, barryleiba@computer.org
IANA IANA review state Version Changed - Review Needed
draft-crocker-id-adoption-08
Network Working Group                                          A. Farrel
Internet-Draft                                          Juniper Networks
Intended status: Informational                           D. Crocker, Ed.
Expires: August 11, 2014                     Brandenburg InternetWorking
                                                        February 7, 2014

           Handling of Internet Drafts by IETF Working Groups
                      draft-crocker-id-adoption-08

Abstract

   The productive output of an IETF working group is documents, as
   mandated by the working group's charter.  When a working group is
   ready to develop a particular document, the most common mechanism is
   for it to "adopt" an existing document as a starting point.  The
   document that a working group adopts and then develops further is
   based on initial input at varying levels of maturity.  An initial
   working group draft might be a document already in wide use, or it
   might be a blank sheet, wholly created by the working group, or it
   might represent any level of maturity in between.  This document
   discusses how a working group typically handles the formal documents
   that it targets for publication.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on August 11, 2014.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2014 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents

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   (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2
     1.1.  What is a Working Group Draft?  . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
     1.2.  Working Group Authority and Consensus . . . . . . . . . .   3
     1.3.  Questions Considered in This Document . . . . . . . . . .   5
   2.  Adoption Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
     2.1.  Typical Steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
     2.2.  Criteria for Adoption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
   3.  Authors/Editors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
   4.  Document History and Stability  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
   5.  Some Issues for Consideration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
     5.1.  Individual I-Ds Under WG Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
     5.2.  WG Drafts Can become Individual Drafts  . . . . . . . . .  10
     5.3.  Competing Drafts  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
   6.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
   7.  Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
   8.  Informative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
   Appendix A.  IANA Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
   Appendix B.  Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14

1.  Introduction

   The productive output of an IETF working group is documents, as
   mandated by the working group's charter.  Working groups develop
   these documents based on initial input of varying levels of maturity.
   An initial working group draft might be a document already in wide
   use, or it might be a blank sheet, wholly created by the working
   group, or it might represent any level of maturity in between.  This
   document discusses how a working group typically handles the formal
   documents that it targets for publication.  The discussion applies
   only to the IETF and does not cover IRTF groups, where practices vary
   widely.

   Within the general constraints of formal IETF process and the
   specific constraints of a working group's charter, there can be
   considerable freedom in the adoption and development of drafts.  As
   with most IETF activities, the ultimate arbiter of such choices is
   working group agreement, within the constraints of its charter.  As

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   with most working group management, this agreement might be explicit
   or implicit, depending upon the efficiencies that the group deems
   appropriate.

   NOTE:    This draft is intentionally non-normative.  It is meant as a
      guide to common practice, rather than as a formal definition of
      what is permissible.

1.1.  What is a Working Group Draft?

   Working Group drafts are documents that are subject to IETF Working
   Group revision control, with advancement for publication as an RFC
   requiring rough consensus in the working group and then in the
   broader IETF.  Creation or adoption of a draft by a working group --
   as well as substantive changes to the document -- need to represent
   working group rough consensus.

   Documents under development in the IETF community are distributed as
   Internet Drafts (I-D) [RFC2026], [ID-Info].  Working groups use this
   mechanism for producing their official output, per Section 7.2 of
   [RFC2418] and Section 6.3 of [Tao].  The common convention for
   identifying an I-D formally under the ownership of a working group is
   by the inclusion of "ietf" in the second field of the I-D filename
   and the working group name in the third field, per Section 7 of
   [ID-Guidelines].  That is:

                          draft-ietf-<wgname>-...

   In contrast, individual submissions are drafts being created and
   pursued outside of a working group, although a working group might
   choose to adopt the draft later, as discussed below.  Anyone is free
   to create an individual submission at any time.  Such documents are
   typically distinguished through the use of the author/editor's last
   name, in the style of:

                           draft-<lastname>-...

   Responsibility for direct revision of a working group I-D is assigned
   to its editors and authors.  See Section 3 for discussion about their
   selection and role.

1.2.  Working Group Authority and Consensus

   A premise of the IETF is that, within a working group, it is the
   working group itself that has final authority over the content of its
   documents, within the constraints of the working group's charter.  No
   individual has special authority for the content.  The chairs assign
   document authors/editors and can formulate design teams, but the

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   content of working group documents is always, ultimately, subject to
   working group approval.  Approval is described in terms of the IETF's
   "rough consensus" construct, which is the prime example of the IETF's
   preference for pragmatics over niceties.  Unanimous agreement is
   always desirable, but more approximate (rough) agreement will
   suffice, as long as it is clear and strong.

   Other than for selection of document authors/editors, as discussed in
   Section 3, working group decision-making about document management is
   subject to normal IETF rough consensus rules.  Useful descriptions of
   this process for a working group are in Section 3.3 of [RFC2418] and
   Section 4.2 of [Tao].  Discussion of the nature of rough consensus
   can be found in [Consensus].

   In terms of the IETF's formal rough consensus processes, the working
   group explicitly develops, modifies, reviews, and approves document
   content, according to overt rough consensus.  For difficult topics
   and/or difficult working group dynamics, this laborious process
   really is essential.  Its diligence validates progress at each step
   along the way.  However working groups often handle simpler matters
   more simply, such as allowing a Chair to assert the likely agreement
   and then merely call for objections.  Ultimately, the mode of working
   group decision making is determined by the comfort and engagement of
   the working group with the way the decisions are being made.

   At times, a document author/editor can appear to have considerable
   authority over content, but this is (merely) for efficiency.  That
   is, the chairs can permit authors and editors to proceed with an
   implied (default) working group agreement, as long as the working
   group is comfortable with that mode.  Of course the benefit in the
   mode is efficiency, but its risk is failure to retain or verify
   actual consensus among the working group participants.  When a
   working group is operating in the mode of active, direct author/
   editor content development, an easy validation method is simply to
   have chairs query the working group when a new document version
   appears, asking for comments and concerns.

   In general when it is not completely obvious what the opinion of the
   working group is, working group chairs can poll the working group to
   find out.  As with any other consensus question, the form in which it
   is asked can make a difference.  In particular, a general 'yes/no'
   question often is not as helpful as asking supporters and detractors
   of a draft -- or of the decision under consideration -- to provide
   their reasons, not merely their preferences.  In effect, this treats
   the matter of consensus as an on-going discussion.  Ideally the
   discussion can produce changes in the document or in participant
   views, or both.

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1.3.  Questions Considered in This Document

   The purpose of this document is to discuss the criteria and sequence
   typically followed when adopting and developing a formal IETF working
   group document.  Therefore, this document considers the following
   questions that are particularly relevant to working group chairs who
   are charged with running the process:

      *  How do working group chairs decide which drafts to adopt and
         when?

      *  Is it necessary to poll the working group explicitly, and what
         does a working group poll look like?

      *  How do working group chairs make the decision?

      *  What are the process steps the working group will choose to
         use, for an I-D to become a WG I-D?

      *  Are there any special cases?

      *  Can a document be created as a WG I-D from scratch?

      *  How can competing drafts be handled?

      *  Can an Individual I-D be under the care of a WG?

      *  Can a WG I-D become an Individual I-D?

2.  Adoption Sequence

2.1.  Typical Steps

   When there is interest in adopting a document as a new working group
   document, the chairs often:

      1.  Remind current draft owners that they are transferring change
          control for the document to the IETF.  (This is a particularly
          significant point for a document covered by proprietary
          interests, which typically entails a negotiation between the
          current owners and the IETF, including a formal agreement.)

      2.  Check for known IPR that needs to be disclosed, using some
          technique like those described in [RFC6702]

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      3.  Obtain working group rough consensus.

      4.  Choose document editors.

      5.  Chairs instruct authors to post WG I-D.

      6.  Chairs approve posting.[Approval]

      7.  Chairs ensure that the non-working group version of the draft
          is marked as being replaced by this working group version.

      8.  Everyone enjoys the ensuing working group discussion...

2.2.  Criteria for Adoption

   No formal specification for working group 'adoption' of a draft
   exists; the current document is meant to provide a description of
   common activities for this, but again note that it is not normative.

   There are some basic considerations when deciding to adopt a draft:

      *  Is there a charter milestone that explicitly calls for such a
         document?

      *  Is the topic of the I-D within scope for the working group?

      *  Is the purpose of the draft sufficiently clear?

      *  Does the document provide an acceptable platform for continued
         effort by the working group?

      *  What are the process or technical objections to adoption of the
         draft?

      *  Is the draft likely to be completed in a timely manner?

      *  Does the intended status of the document seem reasonable to the
         working group?

      *  If not already in scope, is a simple modification to the
         charter feasible and warranted?

      *  Does the draft carry known intellectual property rights issues?

      *  Is there strong working group support for working on the draft?

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   Adoption has some basic pragmatics:

      Rough consensus:    Working group agreement to adopt is not
         required to be unanimous.  [RFC2418]

      Initial, not final:   The writing quality is not required to be
         ready-for-publication, although writing quality can be a
         problem and does need explicit attention; although not
         mandatory, it is good practice to check whether a new working
         group draft passes [IDNITS].

      Adoption, not approval:    The document is not required to already
         contain a complete and/or sufficient solution, although of
         course this can be helpful.  Equally, adoption by a working
         group does not guarantee publication of the document as an RFC.

      Group, not chairs:   Concerning the draft, the position of the
         working group chairs has no special authority, except to assess
         working group consensus.

   REMINDER:    Once a working group adopts a draft, the document is
      owned by the working group and can be changed however the working
      group decides, within the bounds of IETF process and the working
      group charter.  Absent explicit agreement, adopting a document
      does not automatically mean that the working group has agreed to
      all of its content.  So a working group (or its charter) might
      explicitly dictate the basis for retaining, removing or modifying
      some or all of a draft's content, technical details, or the like.
      However in the absence of such constraints, it is worth having the
      adoption process include a sub-process of gathering working group
      concerns about the existing draft and flagging them explicitly.

3.  Authors/Editors

   Document authors/editors are chosen by the working group chairs.
   Authors are described in Section 6.3 of [RFC2418].  Authors and
   editors are described in [RFC-Auth-Ed].

   NOTE:   In this document, the terms 'author' and 'editor' are meant
      interchangeably.  Within the IETF the distinction between an
      'editor' and an 'editor' is, at best, subjective.  A simplistic
      rule of thumb is that editors tend to do the mechanics of
      incorporating working group detail, whereas authors tend to create
      the detail, subject to working group approval.  That is, one role
      is more active with the content and the other is more passive.  It
      is a responsibility of the working group chairs to ensure that

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      document authors make modifications in accord with working group
      rough consensus.  Authors/editors are solely chosen by the chairs
      -- although the views of the working group should be considered --
      and are subject to replacement for a variety of reasons, as the
      chairs see fit.

   For existing documents that are being adopted by a working group,
   there is a special challenge in the selection of document editors:
   The document has already had editors.  So the question is whether the
   same people are appropriate for continuing the task?  Sometimes the
   answer is yes, but this is not automatic.  The process within an IETF
   working group can be quite different from the process that created
   previous versions.  This well might make it appropriate to select one
   or more new editors, either as additions to the editor team or as
   primary pen-holders (effectively re-classifying the previous team as
   co-authors).

   If the original editors are to continue in their role, the chairs
   might want to ensure that the editors understand IETF working group
   process; it is likely to be quite different from the process that
   developed earlier versions of the document.  If additional or new
   editors are assigned, the transition can be discussed, including its
   reasons; this is best done as soon as possible.

4.  Document History and Stability

   Working group charters sometimes specify an initial set of existing
   documents to use as a basis of the working group's activities.  That
   'basis' can vary considerably, from simple input to working group
   discussion, all the way to an advanced draft adopted by the working
   group and subject only to minimal changes.  The role of a document
   should be explicitly stated in the charter.

   Within the scope of its charter, a working group is free to create
   new documents.  It is not required that all drafts start as the
   effort of an individual.  Of course the criteria for brand new
   documents are likely to be the same as for those imported into the
   working group with the additional and obvious requirement that the
   working group chairs will need to appoint authors/editors before any
   work can progress.  Note that from time to time a working group will
   form a design team to produce the first version of a working group
   draft.  Design teams are discussed in Section 6.5 of [RFC2418].

   Work that is brought to the IETF has different levels of completeness
   and maturity, and different timings for having achieved those levels.
   When the IETF charters a group and includes existing material, the
   charter can cast the role of that material in very different ways:

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      *  It can treat it as no more than a set of ideas, to be used or
         ignored;

      *  It can treat it as a basic design, with all of the actual
         details still fluid;

      *  It can treat it as a rough draft, subject to extensive
         revision;

      *  It can treat it as a solid specification that merely needs
         review, refinement and maybe enhancement;

      *  It can treat it as a deployed technology that is best served by
         trying to protect its installed base, but with some tolerance
         for changes that affect interoperability;

      *  It can treat it as a deployed technology for which protecting
         the installed base is essential, including retention of core
         interoperability.

   These suggest a wide range of possible constraints on working group
   effort.

   Equally, those bringing technology to the IETF do so at different
   points in the maturity of their work.  Any of the above might make
   sense, depending upon that maturity, the extent of deployment, and
   the timing of the investment made by the installed base.

   When technology is brand new, with at most some prototypes done as
   proofs of concept, then significant changes to the specification will
   not necessarily add much to the development and deployment costs.
   However when the technology is already part of a mature and extensive
   operational deployment, incompatible changes are likely to be
   problematic for that market, which can hinder adoption of the
   changes.

   For example, immediately after the development investment is made --
   and especially when there has been considerable initial deployment --
   but still room for quite a bit more -- the installed and potential
   base might not take kindly to disruptive standards work that
   undermines their recent investment.

   In reflecting upon the basis for adopting an existing draft, it is
   important to consider the document's place in its lifecycle and the
   needs of any installed base when deciding on the constraints to
   impose on document development.

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5.  Some Issues for Consideration

5.1.  Individual I-Ds Under WG Care

   Sometimes, a working group facilitates a draft, but does not own it
   or formally adopt it.  These are "individual" drafts [Individual].

   As noted in Section 1.1 and reinforced in [ID-Guidelines], the
   convention for identifying an I-D formally under the ownership of a
   working group is by following the naming convention:

                          draft-ietf-<wgname>-...

   By contrast, documents that are still under the control of their
   authors are known as "individual" I-Ds.  When these documents are
   intended for consideration by a specific working group, the
   convention is that the document uses the naming convention as follows
   where the second element is the last name of one of the principal
   authors.

                       draft-<lastname>-<wgname>...

   Having the working group name following the personal name allows
   tools to associate these drafts with the working group, even though
   the filename identifies them as the work of individuals.

   The working group can choose to apply any of its normal, internal
   working group process management mechanisms to an Individual I-D.
   However matters of ownership, working group final approval, and the
   like are all subject to negotiation amongst the document authors,
   working group and area directors.

   This is a rare situation and working group chairs can be assured that
   the Area Directors will want to understand why the document could not
   be adopted and owned by the working group.

5.2.  WG Drafts Can become Individual Drafts

   A working group is not obligated to retain documents it has adopted.
   Sometimes working group efforts conclude that a draft is no longer
   appropriate for working group effort.  If a working group drops a
   draft then anyone is permitted to pursue it as an Individual or
   Independent Submission, subject to the document's existing copyright
   constraints.

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5.3.  Competing Drafts

   Engineering for interesting topics often produces competing,
   interesting proposals.  The reasons can be technical aesthetics,
   engineering tradeoffs, architectural differences, company economics
   and the like.  Although it is far more comfortable to entertain only
   one proposal, a working group is free to pursue more than one.  Often
   this is necessary until a clear preference develops.  Sometimes,
   multiple versions are formally published, absent consensus among the
   alternatives.

   It is appealing to ask authors of competing proposals to find a way
   to merge their work.  Where it makes sense to do this, it can produce
   a single, strong specification.  The detailed discussions to merge
   are often better held in a design team than amidst the dynamics of an
   open working group mailing list.  The working group has ultimate
   authority over any decisions, but it is not required that it be
   involved in all the discussions.

   On the other hand, some differences cannot be resolved and attempting
   a merge can produce a weaker result.  An example of this problem of
   conflicting design goals is discussed in [Heli-Sub], noting:

      "Helicopters are great, and so are submarines.  The problem is
      that if you try to build one vehicle to perform two fundamentally
      different jobs, you're going to get a vehicle that does neither
      job well."

   Various management efforts can facilitate the handling of competing
   proposals.  Some examples include:

      *  Develop a requirements document that is independent of specific
         proposals; this can highlight features that are deemed
         essential, from those that are of secondary importance, and
         facilitate a discussion about features without reference to
         specific proposals.

      *  Develop a comparison table of the proposals; this can aid
         understanding of their differences.

      *  Discuss the relative importance and effects of having one
         proposal, versus multiple; this can focus people's efforts at
         compromise and encourage a willingness to choose a single
         proposal.

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   The problem of competing drafts can be particularly painful when it
   arises in either of two circumstances:

      *  If a second proposal appears as a new draft, just as the chairs
         were ready to poll the working group on adoption of the draft
         containing the first proposal, then the authors of the first
         proposal could feel affronted.  It does not follow that the
         second draft was written to be difficult or derail the first:
         it might even include better ideas.  So it is best not to
         disregard it.  However, automatically asking the authors to
         merge their work will not necessarily produce a more solid
         solution and will not guarantee faster progress.  This
         situation will be a judgement call in each case, and it might
         help to ask the working group for their opinion: shall the
         working group adopt one document as a starting point and fold
         in the ideas from the second under the control of consensus, or
         shall the working group wait until the authors of both
         documents have reached agreement?

      *  If the working group has already adopted an I-D on a specific
         topic, the posting of a new individual I-D on the same topic
         could be seen as an attack on the working group processes or
         decisions.  However, posting an I-D is often a good way to put
         new ideas into concrete form, for public consideration and
         discussion.  The working group chairs will want to encourage
         the working group to consider the new proposal.  Shall it be
         adopted and entirely replace the current working group draft?
         Shall the new ideas be incorporated into the work of the
         working group through the normal editorial process?  Shall the
         working group adopt a second competing solution?  Or shall the
         new draft be rejected and not adopted by the working group?

6.  Security Considerations

   Beyond the credibility of the IETF, this document raises no security
   concerns.

7.  Acknowledgements

   This draft was developed from an IETF tutorial given by A. Farrel.
   L. Anderson contributed useful comments.

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8.  Informative References

   [Approval]
              IETF, "IETF Internet-Draft Initial Version Approval
              Tracker", IETF https://datatracker.ietf.org/cgi-bin/wg/
              wg_init_rev_approval.cgi, .

   [Consensus]
              Resnick, P., "On Consensus and Humming in the IETF", I-D
              draft-resnick-on-consensus-06, November 2013.

   [Farrel-Chairs]
              Farrel, A., "What is a Working Group ID (and when to adopt
              one)", Web
              http://wiki.tools.ietf.org/group/edu/wiki/IETF78#, July
              2010.

   [Heli-Sub]
              Rose, M., "On Helicopters and Submarines", ACM Queue -
              Instant Messaging Vol 1, Issue 8, Page 10, ACM
              http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=966726, .

   [ID-Guidelines]
              Housley, R., Ed., "Guidelines to Authors of Internet-
              Drafts", IETF
              http://www.ietf.org/ietf-ftp/1id-guidelines.txt, December
              2010.

   [ID-Info]  Wijnen, B., Ed., "Checklist for Internet-Drafts (IDs)
              submitted for RFC publication", IETF https://www.ietf.org/
              id-info/checklist.html, May 2009.

   [IDNITS]   IETF, "IDNITS Tool", IETF https://www.ietf.org/tools/
              idnits/, 2013.

   [Individual]
              IESG, , "Guidance on Area Director Sponsoring of
              Documents", IETF http://www.ietf.org/iesg/statement/
              ad-sponsoring-docs.html, March 2007.

   [RFC-Auth-Ed]
              "RFC Editorial Guidelines and Procedures -- Author
              Overload", WEB
              http://www.rfc-editor.org/policy.html#policy.authlist,
              2014.

   [RFC2026]  Bradner, S., "The Internet Standards Process -- Revision
              3", BCP 9, RFC 2026, October 1996.

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   [RFC2418]  Bradner, S., "IETF Working Group Guidelines and
              Procedures", BCP 25, RFC 2418, September 1998.

   [RFC6702]  Polk, T. and P. Saint-Andre, "Promoting Compliance with
              Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) Disclosure Rules", RFC
              6702, August 2012.

   [Tao]      Hoffman, P., Ed., "The Tao of IETF - A Novice's Guide to
              the Internet Engineering Task Force", IETF
              http://www.ietf.org/tao.html, 2012.

Appendix A.  IANA Considerations

   There are no requests for IANA.

   The RFC Editor should remove this section.

Appendix B.  Acknowledgements

   This document was based on a presentation made at an IETF Working
   Group Chairs lunch.  [Farrel-Chairs])

Authors' Addresses

   Adrian Farrel
   Juniper Networks

   Email: adrian@olddog.co.uk

   Dave Crocker (editor)
   Brandenburg InternetWorking
   675 Spruce Drive
   Sunnyvale, CA  94086
   USA

   Phone: +1.408.246.8253
   Email: dcrocker@bbiw.net

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