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IMAP OBJECTID Account Identifier extension
draft-degennaro-imap-objectid-accountid-00

Document Type Active Internet-Draft (candidate for mailmaint WG)
Author Mauro De Gennaro
Last updated 2025-11-07 (Latest revision 2025-11-02)
RFC stream Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
Intended RFC status Proposed Standard
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Stream WG state Call For Adoption By WG Issued
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Nov 2025
Adopt an IMAP OBJECTID ACCOUNTID draft
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draft-degennaro-imap-objectid-accountid-00
mailmaint                                                  M. De Gennaro
Internet-Draft                                             Stalwart Labs
Updates: RFC8474 (if approved)                           2 November 2025
Intended status: Standards Track                                        
Expires: 6 May 2026

               IMAP OBJECTID Account Identifier extension
               draft-degennaro-imap-objectid-accountid-00

Abstract

   This document extends the IMAP OBJECTID extension (RFC 8474) to
   support account identifiers, enabling IMAP servers to provide
   account-level context for mailboxes when multiple accounts are
   accessible through a single IMAP connection.  This extension is
   particularly relevant for environments where IMAP mailboxes include
   shared mailboxes from multiple JMAP accounts, as defined in the JSON
   Meta Application Protocol (JMAP).  By introducing the ACCOUNTID
   object identifier, this specification ensures that mailboxes can be
   uniquely identified across different accounts in both IMAP and JMAP
   contexts, thereby facilitating seamless interoperability between the
   two protocols in multi-account scenarios.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on 6 May 2026.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2025 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

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   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/
   license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document.
   Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights
   and restrictions with respect to this document.  Code Components
   extracted from this document must include Revised BSD License text as
   described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are
   provided without warranty as described in the Revised BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2
     1.1.  Notational Conventions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
   2.  ACCOUNTID Object Identifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     2.1.  New Response Code for CREATE  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
     2.2.  New OK Untagged Response for SELECT and EXAMINE . . . . .   6
     2.3.  New Attribute for STATUS  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
   3.  Implementation Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
   4.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
     4.1.  Account Identifier Exposure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
     4.2.  Cross-Account Information Leakage . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
     4.3.  Consistency with JMAP Authentication  . . . . . . . . . .   9
     4.4.  Digest-Based Identifier Generation  . . . . . . . . . . .  10
     4.5.  Privacy in Multi-Tenant Environments  . . . . . . . . . .  10
     4.6.  Other Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
   5.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
     5.1.  IMAP Capabilities Registry  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
     5.2.  IMAP Response Codes Registry  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
   6.  References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
     6.1.  Normative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
     6.2.  Informative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
   Appendix A.  Changes  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
   Author's Address  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12

1.  Introduction

   The IMAP OBJECTID extension, defined in [RFC8474], provides
   persistent identifiers for mailboxes (MAILBOXID) and messages
   (EMAILID and THREADID) within an IMAP server.  These identifiers
   enable clients to efficiently track and reference resources even when
   they are moved or renamed, thereby reducing the need for redundant
   data synchronization operations.

   The JMAPACCESS extension for IMAP, specified in [RFC9698],
   establishes a mechanism by which IMAP clients can discover that the
   messages and mailboxes accessible via IMAP are also available through
   JMAP (the JSON Meta Application Protocol, as defined in [RFC8620]).
   When an IMAP server advertises the JMAPACCESS capability, it asserts

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   that mailboxes and messages share the same object identifiers across
   both protocols.  This allows clients to migrate gradually to JMAP or
   to leverage JMAP-specific features while continuing to use IMAP as
   their primary access method.

   The JMAP Email Delivery Push extension [I-D.ietf-jmap-emailpush]
   extends JMAP's push notification capabilities to deliver EmailPush
   objects containing specific email properties directly to clients when
   new messages arrive.  These push notifications include the accountId
   property, which identifies the JMAP account to which the delivered
   email belongs.  This account-level identification is essential for
   clients managing multiple accounts, as it allows them to properly
   route notifications and display relevant information to users without
   requiring additional synchronization requests.

   In JMAP, an authenticated user may have access to multiple accounts,
   each containing distinct sets of mailboxes and messages.  Each
   account is identified by a unique accountId, which serves as a
   namespace for all objects within that account.  The accountId is a
   fundamental concept in JMAP architecture, as it allows servers to
   represent different data stores, organizational units, or delegation
   scenarios within a single authenticated session.  For instance, a
   user might have access to their personal account, one or more shared
   team accounts, and delegated accounts from other users.

   The JMAPACCESS extension, as currently specified in [RFC9698],
   implicitly assumes that all IMAP mailboxes accessible to an
   authenticated user correspond to a single JMAP account.
   Consequently, when object identifiers are exchanged between IMAP and
   JMAP, the accountId is omitted from the IMAP representation, as it is
   presumed to be constant.  This assumption holds true in the majority
   of deployment scenarios, where a user's IMAP connection maps directly
   to their primary JMAP account.

   However, this assumption breaks down in environments where an IMAP
   session provides access to mailboxes from multiple JMAP accounts.
   Such scenarios commonly arise when users access shared mailboxes,
   delegated folders, or organizational resources that exist within
   separate JMAP accounts but are presented as part of a unified IMAP
   mailbox hierarchy.  In these cases, the MAILBOXID alone is
   insufficient to uniquely identify a mailbox across the IMAP-JMAP
   boundary, because different JMAP accounts may theoretically use the
   same MAILBOXID for different mailboxes.

   This ambiguity becomes particularly problematic when considering the
   JMAP Email Delivery Push extension.  When a client receives an
   EmailPush notification containing an accountId and a mailbox
   identifier, it needs to correlate this information with its IMAP

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   representation of the mailbox.  Without an accountId in the IMAP
   context, the client cannot definitively determine which JMAP account
   a given IMAP mailbox belongs to, potentially leading to incorrect
   mailbox associations, failed synchronization attempts, or inability
   to properly handle push notifications for shared mailboxes.

   The motivation for this specification is to extend the OBJECTID
   framework to include account-level identification in IMAP, thereby
   enabling precise correlation of mailboxes across IMAP and JMAP
   protocols in multi-account environments.  By introducing the
   ACCOUNTID object identifier, this extension ensures that clients can
   unambiguously identify the JMAP account associated with each IMAP
   mailbox, facilitating interoperability and enabling advanced features
   such as account-aware push notifications.

1.1.  Notational Conventions

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
   "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
   BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
   capitals, as shown here.

2.  ACCOUNTID Object Identifier

   The ACCOUNTID is a server-allocated identifier that specifies the
   JMAP account to which a mailbox belongs.  When used in conjunction
   with the MAILBOXID, the ACCOUNTID provides complete disambiguation of
   mailboxes in environments where multiple JMAP accounts are accessible
   through a single IMAP session.

   The ACCOUNTID is represented as an opaque string using the same
   character set and syntactic constraints as the MAILBOXID, as defined
   in Section 4 of [RFC8474].  That is, an ACCOUNTID MUST consist of
   between 1 and 255 characters from the base64url alphabet defined in
   Section 5 of [RFC4648], excluding the padding character.

   The server MUST ensure that for any mailbox accessible via both IMAP
   and JMAP, the ACCOUNTID returned via IMAP matches the accountId
   property of the corresponding Mailbox object in JMAP, as defined in
   Section 1.6.2 of [RFC8620].  This correspondence is essential for
   clients to correlate mailboxes across the two protocols.

   The server MUST return the same ACCOUNTID for all mailboxes that
   belong to the same JMAP account.  Conversely, the server MUST NOT
   return the same ACCOUNTID for mailboxes that belong to different JMAP
   accounts, even if accessed within the same IMAP session.

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   When a mailbox is accessed exclusively through IMAP and does not have
   a corresponding representation in JMAP (for instance, if the server
   does not support the JMAPACCESS extension), the server MAY still
   assign an ACCOUNTID to maintain consistency in the IMAP
   representation.  However, such ACCOUNTIDs need not correspond to any
   JMAP account identifier.

   If a server advertises both "OBJECTID=ACCOUNTID" and "JMAPACCESS"
   capabilities, clients can rely on the ACCOUNTID to determine the
   appropriate JMAP account context for operations involving the
   mailbox.  This is particularly important when handling JMAP Email
   Delivery Push notifications, as described in the introduction, where
   the accountId field in an EmailPush object can be correlated with the
   ACCOUNTID of the corresponding IMAP mailbox.

   The ACCOUNTID is conceptually immutable for a given JMAP account
   within an IMAP session.  However, if the underlying JMAP account is
   deleted or the user's access to that account is revoked, the
   associated mailboxes will no longer be accessible via IMAP, and their
   ACCOUNTIDs become irrelevant.  If a new account is subsequently
   created with the same accountId, and mailboxes from that account
   become accessible via IMAP, the server MAY reuse the same ACCOUNTID
   value.

2.1.  New Response Code for CREATE

   This document extends the CREATE command to include the ACCOUNTID in
   the response code on successful mailbox creation, in addition to the
   MAILBOXID response code defined in Section 4.1 of [RFC8474].

   A server advertising the "OBJECTID=ACCOUNTID" capability MUST include
   both the MAILBOXID and ACCOUNTID response codes in the tagged OK
   response to all successful CREATE commands.

   Syntax: "ACCOUNTID" SP "(" objectid ")"

   This is a response code in the tagged OK response for a successful
   CREATE command.  The objectid uses the same syntax as defined for
   MAILBOXID in [RFC8474].

   Example:

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   C: 3 create foo
   S: 3 OK [MAILBOXID (F2212ea87-6097-4256-9d51-71338625) \
            ACCOUNTID (u1a48e8e3)] Completed
   C: 4 create shared/team
   S: 4 OK [MAILBOXID (F8839dca12-3ef8-4a72-b63d-54f9e8a1) \
            ACCOUNTID (u2b59f9f4)] Completed
   C: 5 create foo
   S: 5 NO Mailbox already exists

   In this example, the mailbox "foo" is created in account "u1a48e8e3",
   while the shared mailbox "shared/team" is created in a different
   account "u2b59f9f4".  This demonstrates how mailboxes within the same
   IMAP session can belong to different JMAP accounts.

2.2.  New OK Untagged Response for SELECT and EXAMINE

   This document adds the ACCOUNTID response code to the untagged OK
   responses returned by the SELECT and EXAMINE commands, complementing
   the MAILBOXID response code defined in Section 4.2 of [RFC8474].

   A server advertising the "OBJECTID=ACCOUNTID" capability MUST return
   an untagged OK response with both the MAILBOXID and ACCOUNTID
   response codes on all successful SELECT and EXAMINE commands.

   Syntax: "OK" SP "[" "ACCOUNTID" SP "(" objectid ")" "]" SP text

   This is an untagged OK response to SELECT or EXAMINE commands.

   Example:

   C: 27 select "foo"
   [...]
   S: * OK [MAILBOXID (F2212ea87-6097-4256-9d51-71338625) \
            ACCOUNTID (u1a48e8e3)] Ok
   [...]
   S: 27 OK [READ-WRITE] Completed

   C: 28 select "shared/team"
   [...]
   S: * OK [MAILBOXID (F8839dca12-3ef8-4a72-b63d-54f9e8a1) \
            ACCOUNTID (u2b59f9f4)] Ok
   [...]
   S: 28 OK [READ-WRITE] Completed

   This example shows how clients can determine the account context when
   selecting different mailboxes, even within the same IMAP session.

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2.3.  New Attribute for STATUS

   This document adds the ACCOUNTID attribute to the STATUS command
   using the extended syntax defined in [RFC4466], in parallel with the
   MAILBOXID attribute defined in Section 4.3 of [RFC8474].

   A server that advertises the "OBJECTID=ACCOUNTID" capability MUST
   support the ACCOUNTID status attribute.

   Syntax: "ACCOUNTID"

   This is the attribute name used in the STATUS command.

   Syntax: "ACCOUNTID" SP "(" objectid ")"

   This is the response item in the STATUS response, containing the
   account identifier assigned by the server for the mailbox.

   Example:

   C: 31 status foo (MAILBOXID ACCOUNTID MESSAGES)
   S: * STATUS foo (MAILBOXID (F2212ea87-6097-4256-9d51-71338625)\
                    ACCOUNTID (u1a48e8e3) MESSAGES 42)
   S: 31 OK Completed

   C: 32 status shared/team (MAILBOXID ACCOUNTID MESSAGES)
   S: * STATUS shared/team (\
          MAILBOXID (F8839dca12-3ef8-4a72-b63d-54f9e8a1)\
          ACCOUNTID (u2b59f9f4) MESSAGES 17)
   S: 32 OK Completed

   C: 33 list "" "*" return (status (MAILBOXID ACCOUNTID))
   S: * LIST (\HasNoChildren) "." "foo"
   S: * STATUS foo (MAILBOXID (F2212ea87-6097-4256-9d51-71338625)\
                    ACCOUNTID (u1a48e8e3))
   S: * LIST (\HasNoChildren) "." "shared.team"
   S: * STATUS shared.team (\
            MAILBOXID (F8839dca12-3ef8-4a72-b63d-54f9e8a1)\
            ACCOUNTID (u2b59f9f4))
   S: 33 OK Completed

   This example demonstrates how clients can efficiently retrieve both
   mailbox and account identifiers for multiple mailboxes using the
   extended LIST command with STATUS return option, as defined in
   [RFC5819].

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3.  Implementation Considerations

   The implementation considerations specified in Section 8 of [RFC8474]
   apply equally to the ACCOUNTID object identifier defined in this
   specification.

   In particular, the ACCOUNTID is generated and managed entirely by the
   server.  Clients MUST NOT attempt to construct, modify, or interpret
   the internal structure of an ACCOUNTID value.  The ACCOUNTID MUST be
   treated as an opaque identifier whose only meaningful operation is
   equality comparison.

   Servers SHOULD generate ACCOUNTIDs using mechanisms that ensure
   global uniqueness across all accounts within the server's
   administrative domain, similar to the recommendations for MAILBOXID
   generation.  Suitable approaches include Universally Unique
   Identifiers (UUIDs) as defined in [RFC4122], or server-assigned
   sequence numbers that are guaranteed never to be reused.

   When both "OBJECTID=ACCOUNTID" and "JMAPACCESS" capabilities are
   advertised, servers MUST ensure that the ACCOUNTID values correspond
   exactly to the accountId values used in the JMAP protocol.  This
   correspondence is essential for clients that need to correlate IMAP
   mailboxes with their JMAP representations, particularly when handling
   JMAP Email Delivery Push notifications.

   Servers that provide access to mailboxes from multiple JMAP accounts
   through a single IMAP session SHOULD advertise the
   "OBJECTID=ACCOUNTID" capability to enable clients to distinguish
   between accounts.  However, servers that provide access only to
   mailboxes from a single JMAP account MAY choose not to advertise this
   capability, as the account context is unambiguous in such cases.

   Clients that support both IMAP and JMAP SHOULD use the ACCOUNTID when
   available to maintain accurate mappings between IMAP mailboxes and
   JMAP Mailbox objects.  This is particularly important for clients
   that use JMAP Email Delivery Push notifications, as these
   notifications include the accountId property.  By correlating the
   accountId from a push notification with the ACCOUNTID of IMAP
   mailboxes, clients can efficiently determine which IMAP mailbox
   corresponds to a newly delivered message without requiring additional
   synchronization operations.

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   Clients SHOULD be prepared to handle IMAP servers that do not
   advertise "OBJECTID=ACCOUNTID", even when the server advertises
   "JMAPACCESS".  In such cases, clients MAY assume that all accessible
   mailboxes belong to a single JMAP account, though this assumption may
   lead to incorrect behavior if the server subsequently exposes
   mailboxes from additional accounts.

4.  Security Considerations

   The security considerations specified in Section 11 of [RFC8474] and
   Section 7 of [RFC9698] apply to this specification.

   The introduction of the ACCOUNTID object identifier does not
   fundamentally alter the security properties of the IMAP protocol or
   the OBJECTID extension.  However, implementers should consider the
   following additional points.

4.1.  Account Identifier Exposure

   The ACCOUNTID reveals information about the account structure of the
   server and which mailboxes belong to which accounts.  While this
   information is generally not considered sensitive in the context of
   an authenticated IMAP session, servers that wish to minimize
   information disclosure MAY choose to generate ACCOUNTIDs using
   unpredictable values (such as UUIDs) rather than sequential numbers
   or other patterns that might reveal information about account
   creation order or the total number of accounts on the server.

4.2.  Cross-Account Information Leakage

   Servers MUST ensure that the ACCOUNTID mechanism does not
   inadvertently grant users access to information about accounts they
   are not authorized to access.  In particular, servers MUST NOT return
   ACCOUNTID values for accounts that the authenticated user does not
   have permission to access, even if such accounts exist on the server.

4.3.  Consistency with JMAP Authentication

   When a server advertises both "OBJECTID=ACCOUNTID" and "JMAPACCESS"
   capabilities, the server MUST ensure that the same authentication
   credentials used for the IMAP session would grant access to the
   corresponding JMAP accounts.  Inconsistencies in authentication or
   authorization between IMAP and JMAP could lead to situations where a
   client receives ACCOUNTIDs that it cannot subsequently use to access
   the corresponding JMAP resources, potentially revealing the existence
   of accounts the user cannot access.

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4.4.  Digest-Based Identifier Generation

   If servers use cryptographic digests to generate ACCOUNTIDs, the
   security considerations regarding collision resistance and algorithm
   selection discussed in Section 11 of [RFC8474] apply.  Servers SHOULD
   monitor current security research and use digest algorithms that
   provide adequate collision resistance.

4.5.  Privacy in Multi-Tenant Environments

   In multi-tenant or hosted environments, servers SHOULD generate
   ACCOUNTIDs in a manner that does not reveal relationships between
   accounts or organizational structures that users should not be aware
   of.  For example, if multiple accounts belong to the same
   organization, the ACCOUNTID generation mechanism should not use
   patterns that would allow users to infer these relationships unless
   such information is explicitly intended to be visible.

4.6.  Other Considerations

   See also the security considerations in [RFC3501], [RFC8620], and
   [RFC9051].

5.  IANA Considerations

5.1.  IMAP Capabilities Registry

   IANA is requested to add the following capability to the "Internet
   Message Access Protocol (IMAP) Capabilities Registry" located at
   https://www.iana.org/assignments/imap-capabilities
   (https://www.iana.org/assignments/imap-capabilities):

   *Capability name:* OBJECTID=ACCOUNTID
   *Reference:* this document

5.2.  IMAP Response Codes Registry

   IANA is requested to add the following response code to the "IMAP
   Response Codes" registry located at https://www.iana.org/assignments/
   imap-response-codes (https://www.iana.org/assignments/imap-response-
   codes):

   *Response code:* ACCOUNTID
   *Reference:* this document

6.  References

6.1.  Normative References

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   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2119>.

   [RFC4466]  Melnikov, A. and C. Daboo, "Collected Extensions to IMAP4
              ABNF", RFC 4466, DOI 10.17487/RFC4466, April 2006,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc4466>.

   [RFC8174]  Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
              2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
              May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8174>.

   [RFC8474]  Gondwana, B., Ed., "IMAP Extension for Object
              Identifiers", RFC 8474, DOI 10.17487/RFC8474, September
              2018, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8474>.

   [RFC8620]  Jenkins, N. and C. Newman, "The JSON Meta Application
              Protocol (JMAP)", RFC 8620, DOI 10.17487/RFC8620, July
              2019, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8620>.

   [RFC9698]  Gulbrandsen, A. and B. Gondwana, "The JMAPACCESS Extension
              for IMAP", RFC 9698, DOI 10.17487/RFC9698, January 2025,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9698>.

6.2.  Informative References

   [I-D.ietf-jmap-emailpush]
              Jenkins, N., "JSON Meta Application Protocol (JMAP) Email
              Delivery Push Notifications", Work in Progress, Internet-
              Draft, draft-ietf-jmap-emailpush-01, 31 July 2025,
              <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-jmap-
              emailpush-01>.

   [RFC3501]  Crispin, M., "INTERNET MESSAGE ACCESS PROTOCOL - VERSION
              4rev1", RFC 3501, DOI 10.17487/RFC3501, March 2003,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3501>.

   [RFC4122]  Leach, P., Mealling, M., and R. Salz, "A Universally
              Unique IDentifier (UUID) URN Namespace", RFC 4122,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC4122, July 2005,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc4122>.

   [RFC4648]  Josefsson, S., "The Base16, Base32, and Base64 Data
              Encodings", RFC 4648, DOI 10.17487/RFC4648, October 2006,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc4648>.

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   [RFC5819]  Melnikov, A. and T. Sirainen, "IMAP4 Extension for
              Returning STATUS Information in Extended LIST", RFC 5819,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC5819, March 2010,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5819>.

   [RFC9051]  Melnikov, A., Ed. and B. Leiba, Ed., "Internet Message
              Access Protocol (IMAP) - Version 4rev2", RFC 9051,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC9051, August 2021,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9051>.

Appendix A.  Changes

   [[This section to be removed by RFC Editor]]

   *draft-degennaro-imap-objectid-accountid-00*

   *  Initial version

Author's Address

   Mauro De Gennaro
   Stalwart Labs LLC
   1309 Coffeen Avenue, Suite 1200
   Sheridan, WY 82801
   United States of America
   Email: mauro@stalw.art
   URI:   https://stalw.art

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