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RTCP Messages for Point Cloud Prioritization
draft-engelbart-avtcore-rtcp-point-cloud-roi-00

Document Type Active Internet-Draft (individual)
Authors Mathis Engelbart , Joerg Ott , Lukasz Kondrad
Last updated 2024-09-25
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draft-engelbart-avtcore-rtcp-point-cloud-roi-00
Audio/Video Transport Core Maintenance                      M. Engelbart
Internet-Draft                                                    J. Ott
Intended status: Standards Track             Technical University Munich
Expires: 29 March 2025                                        L. Kondrad
                                                      Nokia Technologies
                                                       25 September 2024

              RTCP Messages for Point Cloud Prioritization
            draft-engelbart-avtcore-rtcp-point-cloud-roi-00

Abstract

   This document specifies RTCP messages and RTP header extensions for
   exchanging parameters of real-time streamed point clouds.  A sender
   can notify receivers of the currently applied parameters, such as
   selected regions, and their parameters, such as the respective
   resolutions and included point attributes.  A receiver can request
   updates to the same parameters using RTCP feedback messages.

About This Document

   This note is to be removed before publishing as an RFC.

   The latest revision of this draft can be found at
   https://mengelbart.github.io/draft-engelbart-avtcore-rtcp-point-
   cloud-roi/draft-engelbart-avtcore-rtcp-point-cloud-roi.html.  Status
   information for this document may be found at
   https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-engelbart-avtcore-rtcp-point-
   cloud-roi/.

   Discussion of this document takes place on the Audio/Video Transport
   Core Maintenance Working Group mailing list (mailto:avt@ietf.org),
   which is archived at https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/browse/avt/.
   Subscribe at https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/avt/.

   Source for this draft and an issue tracker can be found at
   https://github.com/mengelbart/draft-engelbart-avtcore-rtcp-point-
   cloud-roi.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

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Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2024 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

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   Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights
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   provided without warranty as described in the Revised BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   2.  Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
   3.  Definitions and Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
   4.  Region and Parameter Encodings  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     4.1.  Octree Encoding of Point Cloud Regions  . . . . . . . . .   4
     4.2.  Region-Dependent Attributes Encoding  . . . . . . . . . .   6
   5.  Format of RTCP Feedback Messages  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
     5.1.  Region Requests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
     5.2.  Priority Requests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
     5.3.  Attribute Requests  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
     5.4.  TODO: Region-Dependen Resolution or Level-of-Detail
           Request . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
     5.5.  Examples  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
   6.  Format of RTP Header Extensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
   7.  SDP Parameters  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
     7.1.  RTCP Feedback Messages  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
     7.2.  RTP Header Extensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
   8.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
     8.1.  RTCP Feedback Message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
     8.2.  RTP Header Extension  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11

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   9.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
   10. RFC Editor Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
   11. Normative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
   Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12

1.  Introduction

   A point cloud is a set of data points in a three-dimensional
   coordinate system where each point is defined by its three
   coordinates.  Point clouds can represent three-dimensional
   environments, such as a vehicle's surroundings.  Each point in a
   point cloud may optionally be associated with additional attributes.
   Attributes can, for example, be colors or reflectance of objects in
   the scene.  Sequences of point clouds can be generated by sensors
   such as Lidar ("light detection and ranging"), Radar ("radio
   detection and ranging"), or a multi-camera setup.  Due to the high
   number of points in a scene, the bandwidth requirements of
   transmitting point clouds over a network are often higher than those
   of streaming video.  In video streaming, efficient codecs are used to
   reduce the bandwidth requirement.  Similar codecs are being developed
   for point clouds.  However, when streaming point cloud data,
   consumers of the data usually aren't equally interested in each
   point.  For further processing, focusing on some regions of a point
   cloud stream is often sufficient, allowing the producer of a point
   cloud sequence to filter out points of lower interest to further
   reduce the bandwidth requirements and prioritize bandwidth usage for
   points of higher importance.  When selecting the regions to
   prioritize and deciding which points can be excluded from
   transmission, producers and consumers need a mechanism to signal a)
   which regions of a scene are currently being prioritized and b)
   request updates to prioritize different regions in the future.  This
   document describes such a mechanism for real-time transmission of
   point clouds building on the RTP Control protocol RTCP, which is part
   of the Real-time Transport Protocol RTP.  Additionally, this document
   provides RTP header extensions for senders to inform receivers about
   the currently applied parameters.  The information might be useful
   for receivers in determining if an RTCP message requesting an update
   was received and acted upon by the sender.

   In Section 4, this document first defines a set of shared encoding
   schemes to represent point cloud parameters.  Section 5 and Section 6
   define RTCP messages and RTP header extensions, respectively.  The
   RTCP messages and RTP header extensions reference the encoding scheme
   in Section 4.  Section 7 defines the SDP parameters required to
   negotiate the usage of the presented RTCP messages and header
   extensions.

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2.  Conventions

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
   "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
   BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
   capitals, as shown here.

3.  Definitions and Abbreviations

      *TODO*: Add definitions or remove section

4.  Region and Parameter Encodings

   This section introduces encodings for point cloud regions and their
   parameters, such as the included attributes and the level of detail.
   It also provides an encoding for the definition of a viewport,
   including a dynamically adaptable precision.

   The encodings described in the following subsections are reused in
   RTCP feedback messages and RTP header extension as described in
   Section 5 and Section 6.

4.1.  Octree Encoding of Point Cloud Regions

   This section defines an encoding that is reused in RTCP message types
   to index regions in a point cloud.  The encoding uses a recursive
   octree encoding to signal the presence of certain regions of a point
   cloud.  The encoding can be used to set parameters for the present
   regions, e.g., receivers can signal individual priority of every
   region or sets of attributes to include in every region.

   The root node in every tree is a single byte where every bit
   indicates whether a child node of an octant is present.  Child nodes
   are appended in pre-order traversal order.  A zero-byte encodes a
   leaf node.  The order of octants by the signs of the points of the
   X-, Y-, and Z-coordinates in each octant is given in Table 1.

   Regions in the octree are considered present when a leaf node
   encoding that region is present.  For example, a single zero-byte
   encodes a single leaf node, and the root region covering the complete
   space is present.  An encoded value of the two bytes 0x4000 would
   indicate that only the octant with X<0, Y>=0, and Z>=0 is present.

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                            +=====+===+===+===+
                            | Bit | X | Y | Z |
                            +=====+===+===+===+
                            | 0   | + | + | + |
                            +-----+---+---+---+
                            | 1   | - | + | + |
                            +-----+---+---+---+
                            | 2   | - | - | + |
                            +-----+---+---+---+
                            | 3   | + | - | + |
                            +-----+---+---+---+
                            | 4   | + | + | - |
                            +-----+---+---+---+
                            | 5   | - | + | - |
                            +-----+---+---+---+
                            | 6   | - | - | - |
                            +-----+---+---+---+
                            | 7   | + | - | - |
                            +-----+---+---+---+

                           Table 1: Octant to bit
                           mapping order with bit
                              0 being the most
                            significant bit and
                           bit 7 being the least
                              significant bit.

   The octree encoding can be used in absolute and relative forms.  In
   the absolute form, the bounding box of the octree is implicitly
   defined by the space covered by the point cloud-generating source.
   In the relative form, the bounding box can be explicitly defined by
   setting the min and max values of the X-, Y-, and Z-coordinates.  The
   coordinates are prefixed before the octree encoding as four-byte
   integers each, as shown in Figure 1.

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       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                            Min X                              |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                            Min Y                              |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                            Min Z                              |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                            Max X                              |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                            Max Y                              |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                            Max Z                              |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      | octree encoding                                             ...
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

       Figure 1: Relative octree encoding using an explicitly defined
                                bounding box

4.2.  Region-Dependent Attributes Encoding

   Attributes are additional values optionally associated with every
   point in a point cloud.  The available attributes depend on the
   context of an application and thus need to be configured out-of-band.
   The attribute encoding described in this section requires mapping
   attributes to a bitmask value.  Section 7 describes one option to
   negotiate the mapping when using SDP.

   To signal the presence of attributes per region, senders and
   receivers can use the octree encoding presented in Section 4.1.  For
   every region presented in the octree encoding, N bytes will be used
   to indicate the presence of attributes by setting the bits of the
   bitmask of the respective attributes to true.  The size of N depends
   on the number of attributes and is implicitly given by the smallest
   number of bytes that can represent the largest bitmask negotiated
   during signaling.

   Bitmask values can be shared among attributes to allow signaling of
   attribute sets that always occur in combination.

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5.  Format of RTCP Feedback Messages

   This document describes RTCP message types that can be used to signal
   interest in the prioritization of regions and their parameters.
   Receivers can signal an interest in receiving a region with a higher
   priority.  Different regions can be requested in different
   resolutions or with different sets of attributes included.
   Additionally, receivers can request a viewport precision update.

   A sender can acknowledge a parameter update using the RTP header
   extensions described in Section 6.  Receivers should not retransmit
   the same request multiple times to avoid unnecessary overhead, but if
   the receiver can assume that a request was lost, it may retransmit
   the request.  The request should not be retransmitted earlier than at
   least one RTT after the first request was transmitted.

   The following sections define the available message types in detail.
   All RTCP feedback messages use the common header format shown in
   Figure 2.  The first eight bytes of the header follow the format of
   RTCP message headers defined in [RFC3550].  The common header is
   followed by an additional byte consisting of flags describing the
   payload.

   The payload of the RTCP messages following the header contains one or
   more of the parameter encodings in the following order:

   1.  Absolute/Relative Octree Encoding

   2.  (optional) Priority

   3.  (optional) Attribute Encoding

   4.  (optional) Level-of-Detail Encoding

      *Note*: alternative form: <Header><{abs,rel}-
      octree>[<priority>][<attributes>][<level-of-detail>]

      *TODO*: In addition to the encodings already described here, one
      could come up with additional parameter requests such as viewport
      precision, and sender position and possibly others.

   The semantics of the different payload formats are explained in the
   following subsections.

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       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |V=2|P|   FMT   |       PT      |          length               |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                  SSRC of packet sender                        |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |  Res. |R|P|A|L| Payload                                      ...
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

               Figure 2: Common RTCP feedback message header

   The fields V, P, SSRC and length are used as defined in the RTP
   specification [RFC3550].  The respective meaning is summarized below:

   version (V): 2 bits  This field identifies the RTP version.  The
      current version is 2.

   padding (P): 1 bit  If set, the padding bit indicates that the packet
      contains additional padding octets at the end that are not part of
      the control information but are included in the length field.

   Feedback message type (FMT): 5 bits  The feedback message type is XX
      (*TODO*: Use correct value).

   Payload type (PT): 8 bits  The RTCP packet type is PSFB (206).

   Relative (R): 1 bit  This field distinguishes between absolute and
      relative region requests (see Section 4.1.  If the bit is set, the
      message contains a relative octree encoding and the minimum and
      maximum fields described in Figure 1 are present.

   Priority: (P): 1 bit  If set, the RTCP message contains a priority
      request and the octree encoding is followed by one byte indicating
      the requested priority for each region encoded as leaf node in the
      octree encoding.

   Attributes (A): 1 bit  If this bit is set, the RTCP message contains
      an attribute request and the octree encoding is followed by an
      attribute encoding for every region encoded as leaf node in the
      octree encdoing.

   Level-of-Detail (L): 1 bit  If this bit is set, the RTCP message
      contains a level-of-detail request and the octree encoding (or the
      attribute encoding, if it is present) is followed by a level-of-
      detail encoding for every region encoded as leaf node in the
      octree encoding.

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5.1.  Region Requests

   A receiver can use region of Interest signaling to indicate interest
   in some areas of a point cloud, and a sender can react by
   prioritizing the regions of interest when allocating bandwidth.

   The region interest request uses the standard header defined in
   Figure 2.

5.2.  Priority Requests

   Receivers can append a priority encoding to the octree to signal
   fine-grained priorities per region.  A priority is a value encoded as
   a single byte where a higher value indicates a higher priority.  A
   priority request contains a priority byte for every region encoded as
   a leaf node in the preceding octree encoding.

5.3.  Attribute Requests

   By setting the header Flag A to 1, the receiver can include an
   attribute encoding as described in Section 4.2 to the feedback
   message to request attribute sets for every region encoded as a leaf
   node of the octree.  The attribute encoding length depends on the
   number of negotiated attributes and their associated bitmask values.
   A single byte can indicate up to eight attributes or attribute sets.
   For example, if the two attributes, color, and reflectance, are
   negotiated with bitmask values of 0x01 and 0x02, one byte will be
   appended to the octree for every leaf node where the bits 0x01 and
   0x02 are set to one for every region, which should include these
   attributes.

5.4.  TODO: Region-Dependen Resolution or Level-of-Detail Request

      *TODO*: Using the same mechanism as for attrbiutes, we can signal
      resolution per region, but we need to define how to express
      _resolution_.

5.5.  Examples

   An example encoding of a relative octree encoding followed by
   attribute and level-of-detail encodings:

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       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |V=2|P|   FMT   |       PT      |          length               |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                  SSRC of packet sender                        |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |  Res. |1|0|1|1| Payload                                      ...
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                            Min X                              |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                            Min Y                              |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                            Min Z                              |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                            Max X                              |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                            Max Y                              |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                            Max Z                              |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      | octree encoding                                             ...
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      | attribute encoding                                          ...
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      | level-of-detail encdoing                                    ...
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

       Figure 3: A RTCP feedback message containing a relative octree
         encoding, attribute encoding and level-of-detail encoding.

6.  Format of RTP Header Extensions

   RTP senders use RTP header extensions to acknowledge the applied
   parameters to the receiver.  The parameters chosen by the sender may
   differ from the ones requested by the receiver.  The header extension
   uses the two-byte header form defined in [RFC8285].  The payload of
   the header extension element uses the same format as the RTCP
   messages defined in Section 5.  Each extension element begins with
   the same one-byte header (Figure 4) followed by an octree encoding
   and optional priority, attribute, or level-of-detail encodings.

       0
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |  Res. |R|P|A|L|
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

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            Figure 4: Common RTP header extension payload header

7.  SDP Parameters

   This section defines SDP parameters for negotiating usage of the RTCP
   messages and RTP header extension described in this document.

7.1.  RTCP Feedback Messages

   The rtcp-fb attribute is extended to indicate the capability to send
   or receive the RTCP feedback defined in this document.  This document
   adds a new parameter "oerr" to the "ccm" feedback value defined in
   [RFC5104].  The "oerr" (Octree Encoded Region Request) parameter
   indicates support for the RTCP feedback message defined in Section 5.

   rtcp-fb-ccm-param =/ SP "oerr" ; Octree Encoded Region Request

7.2.  RTP Header Extensions

   The URI for indicating support for the RTP Header extension described
   in Section 6 is "urn:ietf:params:rtp-hdrext:octree-region".

8.  IANA Considerations

8.1.  RTCP Feedback Message

   The following value are requested to be registered as FMT value in
   the "FMT Values for PSFB Payload Types" Registry:

   Name:  OERR

   Long Name:  Octree Encoded Region Request

   Value:  *TODO*

   Reference:  *TODO:* This document

8.2.  RTP Header Extension

   The following URI is requested to be added to the RTP Compact Header
   Extensions registry:

   Extension URI:  urn:ietf:params:rtp-hdrext:octree-region

   Description:  Octree Encoded Region Information

   Contact:  mathis.engelbart@gmail.com

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   Reference:  *TODO*: This document

9.  Security Considerations

   TODO

10.  RFC Editor Considerations

   Note to RFC Editor: This section may be removed after carrying out
   all the instructions of this section.

   TODO: Consider

11.  Normative References

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2119>.

   [RFC3550]  Schulzrinne, H., Casner, S., Frederick, R., and V.
              Jacobson, "RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time
              Applications", STD 64, RFC 3550, DOI 10.17487/RFC3550,
              July 2003, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3550>.

   [RFC5104]  Wenger, S., Chandra, U., Westerlund, M., and B. Burman,
              "Codec Control Messages in the RTP Audio-Visual Profile
              with Feedback (AVPF)", RFC 5104, DOI 10.17487/RFC5104,
              February 2008, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5104>.

   [RFC8174]  Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
              2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
              May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8174>.

   [RFC8285]  Singer, D., Desineni, H., and R. Even, Ed., "A General
              Mechanism for RTP Header Extensions", RFC 8285,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC8285, October 2017,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8285>.

Acknowledgments

   TODO acknowledge.

Authors' Addresses

   Mathis Engelbart
   Technical University Munich
   Email: mathis.engelbart@tum.de

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   Jörg Ott
   Technical University Munich
   Email: ott@in.tum.de

   Lukasz Kondrad
   Nokia Technologies
   Email: lukasz.kondrad@nokia.com

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