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Simple Two-Way Direct Loss Measurement Procedure
draft-gandhi-ippm-simple-direct-loss-08

Document Type Active Internet-Draft (individual)
Authors Rakesh Gandhi , Clarence Filsfils , Daniel Voyer , Mach Chen , Bart Janssens
Last updated 2024-08-07
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draft-gandhi-ippm-simple-direct-loss-08
IPPM Working Group                                        R. Gandhi, Ed.
Internet-Draft                                               C. Filsfils
Intended status: Standards Track                     Cisco Systems, Inc.
Expires: 8 February 2025                                        D. Voyer
                                                             Bell Canada
                                                                 M. Chen
                                                                  Huawei
                                                             B. Janssens
                                                                    Colt
                                                           7 August 2024

            Simple Two-Way Direct Loss Measurement Procedure
                draft-gandhi-ippm-simple-direct-loss-08

Abstract

   This document defines Simple Two-Way Direct Loss Measurement (DLM)
   procedure that can be used for Alternate-Marking Method for detecting
   accurate data packet loss in a network.  Specifically, DLM probe
   packets are defined for both unauthenticated and authenticated modes
   and they are efficient for hardware-based implementation.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on 8 February 2025.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2024 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/
   license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document.

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   Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights
   and restrictions with respect to this document.  Code Components
   extracted from this document must include Revised BSD License text as
   described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are
   provided without warranty as described in the Revised BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2
   2.  Conventions Used in This Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
     2.1.  Requirements Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
     2.2.  Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     2.3.  Reference Topology  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
   3.  Overview  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
   4.  Session-Sender Direct Loss Measurement Probe Packet . . . . .   5
   5.  Session-Reflector Direct Loss Measurement Probe Packet  . . .   8
   6.  Data Loss Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
   7.  Optional Extensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
   8.  Integrity Protection and Confidentiality Protection . . . . .  11
   9.  Operational Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
   10. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
   11. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
   12. References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
     12.1.  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
     12.2.  Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
   Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14

1.  Introduction

   Many Service Provider Service Level Agreements (SLAs) depend on the
   ability to measure performance loss metric experienced by the
   Customer data traffic flow.  Accurate Customer data packet loss can
   be measured by using a Direct Loss Measurement (DLM) procedure.
   Currently there is no efficient active measurement procedure
   available for accurate data packet loss detection in IP networks.
   Note that an approach for conducting packet loss measurement in an IP
   network is documented in [RFC7680].  This approach requires clock
   synchronization between the measurement points and lacks support for
   accurate data packet loss measurement.

   [ITU-Y1731] defines procedures for performance loss monitoring for
   Ethernet-based networks.  Specifically, the Loss Measurement Message
   (LMM) defined in Section 9.12 of [ITU-Y1731] can be used for accurate
   frame loss measurement as described in Appendix II of that document.
   The procedure is specific to the Ethernet-based networks and does not
   apply to the IP networks.

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   The Simple Two-Way Active Measurement Protocol (STAMP) provides
   capabilities for the measurement of various performance metrics in IP
   networks [RFC8762] without the use of a control channel to pre-signal
   session parameters.  The STAMP can be used for (synthetic or
   inferred) packet loss measurement based on the Sequence Number in the
   test packets, however, this method can only provide approximate
   packet loss metrics.

   [RFC8972] defines optional extensions for STAMP.  The STAMP test
   packet with the "Direct Measurement" TLV (Type 5) [RFC8972] can be
   used for combined timestamps and data packet counters collection.
   This method, however, has the following limitations when used for
   detecting data packet loss:

   *  For hardware-based implementation (e.g., in an ASIC), the optional
      "Direct Measurement" TLV adds unnecessary processing overhead on
      the Session-Reflector as not all STAMP Session-Sender test packets
      carry the "Direct Measurement" TLV and also there can be multiple
      TLV Types present.  This also means that the location of the
      transmit counter is not at the fixed location in the STAMP test
      packets.

   *  The STAMP "Direct Measurement" TLV does not support 64-bit
      counters, counters for bytes, counters per traffic class.

   *  The STAMP "Direct Measurement" TLV also does not identify the
      Block Number of the Direct Measurement, which is required for
      Alternate-Marking Method (AMM) [RFC9341] for data packet loss
      measurement.

   This document defines Simple Two-Way Direct Loss Measurement (DLM)
   procedure that can be used for Alternate-Marking Method [RFC9341] for
   detecting accurate data packet loss in a network.  Specifically, DLM
   probe packets are defined for both unauthenticated and authenticated
   modes and they are efficient for hardware-based implementation (e.g.,
   in an ASIC).

2.  Conventions Used in This Document

2.1.  Requirements Language

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
   "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP
   14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
   capitals, as shown here.

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2.2.  Abbreviations

   AMM: Alternate-Marking Method.

   DLM: Direct Loss Measurement.

   HMAC: Hashed Message Authentication Code.

   MBZ: Must be Zero.

   PM: Performance Measurement.

   SHA: Secure Hash Algorithm.

   SSID: Sender Session Identifier.

   STAMP: Simple Two-Way Active Measurement Protocol.

   TTL: Time To Live.

2.3.  Reference Topology

   As shown in the Reference Topology, the Session-Sender S1 initiates a
   Direct Loss Measurement (DLM) probe packet over IP/UDP transport.
   The Session-Reflector R1 receives the Session-Sender's DLM probe
   packet and acts according to the local configuration.  The Session-
   Reflector R1 transmits a DLM reply probe packet to the Session-Sender
   S1.  The C1 is a transmit counter and C4 is a receive counter added
   by node S1.  The C2 is a receive counter and C3 is a transmit counter
   added by node R1.

                        C1                    C2
                       /                       \
              +-------+     DLM Probe Packet    +-------+
              |       | - - - - - - - - - - - ->|       |
              |   S1  |=========================|   R1  |
              |       |<- - - - - - - - - - - - |       |
              +-------+  DLM Reply Probe Packet +-------+
                       \                       /
                        C4                    C3

            Session-Sender                  Session-Reflector

                         Reference Topology

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3.  Overview

   For accurate data packet loss detection, the DLM probe packets are
   transmitted by the Session-Sender over UDP transport, and are used to
   collect the transmit and receive counters for the data traffic flow
   under measurement.  The DLM reply probe packets are transmitted by
   the Session-Reflector to collect the transmit and receive counters
   for the data traffic flow under measurement in the reverse direction.

   The DLM probe packets carry user-configured destination UDP port.
   The destination UDP port 862 is not used for the DLM probe packets.
   The user-configured destination UDP port follows the guidelines
   described in Section 4.1 of [RFC8762].  Different destination UDP
   port is used for DLM probe packets than the STAMP test packets
   defined in [RFC8762].  Hence, the Session-Sender and the Session-
   Reflector do not require backwards compatibility and support for
   STAMP.

   A DLM session is identified by the 4-tuple (source and destination IP
   addresses, source and destination UDP port numbers).  A DLM Session-
   Sender MAY generate a locally unique Sender Session Identifier
   (SSID).  The SSID is a two-octet, non-zero unsigned integer.  The
   SSID generation policy is implementation specific.  An implementation
   MUST NOT assign the same identifier to different DLM sessions.  A
   Session-Sender uses the SSID to identify a DLM session.

   The DLM Session-Reflector operates in the Stateless mode.

   In this document, the examples of DLM probe packets are shown with
   UDP header, however, the probe packets can be encapsulated with a
   different header based on the transport protocol used in the network.

4.  Session-Sender Direct Loss Measurement Probe Packet

   In this document, base Session-Sender DLM probe packet formats are
   defined as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 for unauthenticated and
   authenticated modes, respectively.  They are stand-alone DLM probe
   packet formats to carry the counters for the data traffic flow under
   measurement.  The DLM probe packet formats are similar to the base
   STAMP test packet formats (for example the locations of the Counters
   vs. STAMP Timestamps).

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    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                        Transmit Timestamp                     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                        Transmit Counter (C1)                  |
    |                                                               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |X|B|T|S|BlockNumber|   DSCP    | SSID                          |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                                                               |
    |                                                               |
    |                        MBZ (28 octets)                        |
    |                                                               |
    |                                                               |
    |                                                               |
    |                                                               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

      Figure 1: Session-Sender Direct Loss Measurement Probe Packet -
                            Unauthenticated Mode

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                        Transmit Timestamp                     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                        MBZ (12 octets)                        |
    |                                                               |
    |                                                               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                        Transmit Counter (C1)                  |
    |                                                               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |X|B|T|S|BlockNumber|   DSCP    | SSID                          |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                                                               |
    |                        MBZ (68 octets)                        |
    .                                                               .
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                                                               |
    |                        HMAC (16 octets)                       |
    |                                                               |
    |                                                               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

      Figure 2: Session-Sender Direct Loss Measurement Probe Packet -
                             Authenticated Mode

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   Fields are defined as the following:

   Transmit Timestamp (32-bit): This is 32-bit nano-sec field of the
   PTPv2 timestamp on transmit side.  This field may carry Sequence
   Number instead of PTPv2 timestamp.

   Transmit Counter (64-bit): The number of packets or octets
   transmitted by the Session-Sender in the DLM probe packet.  The
   counter is always written at the well-known fixed location in the DLM
   probe packet.  This is an important property for hardware-based
   implementation (e.g., in an ASIC), e.g., for point-to-point links and
   circuits.  Counter is for the data traffic flow under measurement.

   XBTS Flags (3-bit): The meanings of the Flag bits are:
      X: Extended counter format indicator.  Indicates the use of
      extended (64-bit) counter values.  Initialized to 1 upon creation
      (and prior to transmission) of a DLM probe packet.  Set to 0 when
      the DLM probe packet is transmitted or received over an interface
      that writes 32-bit counter values.

      B: Octet (byte) count.  When set to 1, indicates that the Counter
      fields represent octet counts.  The octet count applies to all
      packets within the DLM scope, and the octet count of a packet
      transmitted or received includes the total length of that packet
      (but excludes headers, labels, or framing of the channel itself).
      When set to 0, indicates that the Counter fields represent packet
      counts.

      T: Traffic-class-specific measurement indicator.  Set to 1 when
      the DLM session is scoped to data packets of a particular traffic
      class (DSCP value), and 0 otherwise.  When set to 1, the DSCP
      field of the DLM probe packet indicates the measured traffic
      class.

      S: Sequence Number indicator.  When set to 1, it indicates that
      the Transmit Timestamp field contains Sequence Number (instead of
      PTPv2 timestamp).

   DSCP (6-bit): DSCP of the data traffic flow being measured when T
   flag is set.

   Block Number (6-bit): The Direct Loss Measurement using Alternate-
   Marking Method [RFC9341] requires collecting Block Number of the
   counters for the data traffic flow under measurement.  To be able to
   correlate the transmit and receive counters of the matching Block
   Number, the Block Number of the counters carried in the DLM probe
   packets.

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   SSID (16-bit): DLM Sender Session Identifier.

   HMAC: The use of the HMAC field is described in Section 4.4 of
   [RFC8762].  HMAC uses its own key and the mechanism to distribute the
   HMAC key is outside the scope of this document.

   MBZ: Must be Zero.  It MUST be all zeroed on the transmission and
   MUST be ignored on receipt.

5.  Session-Reflector Direct Loss Measurement Probe Packet

   The Session-Reflector receives the DLM Session-Sender probe packet
   and verifies it.  If the DLM probe packet is validated, the Session-
   Reflector that supports this specification prepares and transmits the
   DLM reply probe packet.  In this document, Session-Reflector DLM
   reply probe packet formats are defined as shown in Figure 3 and
   Figure 4, for unauthenticated and authenticated modes, respectively.

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                        Transmit Timestamp                     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                        Transmit Counter (C3)                  |
    |                                                               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |X|B|T|S|BlockNumber|   DSCP    | SSID                          |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                        Receive Counter (C2)                   |
    |                                                               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                        Session-Sender Transmit Timestamp      |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                        Session-Sender Counter (C1)            |
    |                                                               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |FLAGS  |SS-BlockNum| SS-DSCP   | MBZ (2 octets)                |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |Ses-Sender TTL |        MBZ                                    |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

     Figure 3: Session-Reflector Direct Loss Measurement Probe Packet -
                            Unauthenticated Mode

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    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                        Transmit Timestamp                     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                        MBZ (12 octets)                        |
    |                                                               |
    |                                                               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                        Transmit Counter (C3)                  |
    |                                                               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |X|B|T|S|BlockNumber|   DSCP    | SSID                          |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                        MBZ (4 octets)                         |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                        Receive Counter (C2)                   |
    |                                                               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                        MBZ (8 octets)                         |
    |                                                               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                        Session-Sender Transmit Timestamp      |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                        MBZ (12 octets)                        |
    |                                                               |
    |                                                               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                        Session-Sender Counter (C1)            |
    |                                                               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |FLAGS  |SS-BlockNum| SS-DSCP   | MBZ (2 octets)                |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                        MBZ (4 octets)                         |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |Ses-Sender TTL |                                               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+                                               +
    |                        MBZ (15 octets)                        |
    |                                                               |
    |                                                               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                                                               |
    |                        HMAC (16 octets)                       |
    |                                                               |
    |                                                               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

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     Figure 4: Session-Reflector Direct Loss Measurement Probe Packet -
                             Authenticated Mode

   Fields are defined as the following:

   Transmit Timestamp (32-bit): This is 32-bit nano-sec field of the
   PTPv2 timestamp on transmit side.  This field may carry Sequence
   Number instead of PTPv2 timestamp.

   Transmit Counter (64-bit): The number of packets or octets
   transmitted by the Session-Reflector in the DLM reply probe packet.
   Counter is for the reverse direction data traffic flow under
   measurement.  The Session-Reflector writes the Transmit Counter at
   the same location in the DLM reply probe packet as the Session-Sender
   DLM probe packet.  This is an important property for hardware-based
   implementation (e.g., in an ASIC).

   XBTS Flags (3-bit): The XBTS Flags for the reverse direction data
   traffic flow under measurement set using the same procedure defined
   for the Session-Sender DLM probe packet.

   DSCP (6-bit): Set for the reverse direction data traffic flow under
   measurement using the same procedure defined for the Session-Sender
   DLM probe packet.

   Block Number (6-bit): Set for the reverse direction data traffic flow
   under measurement using the same procedure defined for the Session-
   Sender DLM probe packet.

   SSID: SSID is the exact copy of the SSID in the received Session-
   Sender DLM probe packet.

   Receive Counter (64-bit): The number of packets or octets received at
   the Session-Reflector.  It is written by the Session-Reflector in the
   DLM reply probe packet.  Counter is for the data traffic flow under
   measurement.

   Session-Sender Counter (64-bit): This is the exact copy of the
   Transmit Counter from the received Session-Sender DLM probe packet.

   Session-Sender Transmit Timestamp (32-bit): This is the exact copy of
   the Transmit Timestamp from the received Session-Sender DLM probe
   packet.

   Session-Sender Block Number: This is the exact copy of the Block
   Number from the received Session-Sender DLM probe packet.

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   Session-Sender FLAGS: This is the exact copy of the XBTS Flags from
   the received Session-Sender DLM probe packet.

   Session-Sender DSCP: This is the exact copy of the DSCP from the
   received Session-Sender DLM probe packet.

   Session-Sender TTL: The Session-Sender TTL field is one octet long,
   and its value is the copy of the TTL field in IPv4 (or Hop Limit in
   IPv6) from the received Session-Sender DLM probe packet.

6.  Data Loss Calculation

   Using the Counters C1, C2, C3 and C4 as per reference topology, from
   the nth and (n-1)th DLM probe packets, packet loss and byte loss for
   the data traffic flow can be calculated as follows:

   Transmit Loss TxL[ n-1, n] = (C1[ n] - C1[ n-1]) - (C2[ n] - C2[
   n-1])

   Receive Loss RxL[ n-1, n] = (C3[ n] - C3[ n-1]) - (C4[ n] - C4[ n-1])

   The Total Transmit and Receive Loss are calculated as follows:

   Total Transmit Loss = TxL[ 1, 2] + TxL[ 2, 3] + ...

   Total Receive Loss = RxL[ 1, 2] + RxL[ 2, 3] + ...

   These values are updated each time a DLM reply probe packet is
   received and processed at the Session-Sender, and they represent the
   Total Transmit and Total Receive Loss since the DLM session was
   initiated.  When computing the values TxL[n-1,n] and RxL[n-1,n], the
   possibility of counter wrap must be taken into account.

   When using Alternate-Marking Method, all Counters used for loss
   calculation belongs to the same Block Number, as described in
   Section 3.1 of [RFC9341].

7.  Optional Extensions

   There are currently no optional (TLV) extensions defined for the DLM
   probe packets.

8.  Integrity Protection and Confidentiality Protection

   The integrity protection and confidentiality protection specified in
   [RFC8762] also apply to the procedures defined in this document.

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9.  Operational Considerations

   The operational considerations specified in [RFC8762] also apply to
   the procedures defined in this document.

10.  Security Considerations

   The DLM protocol defined in this document is intended for deployment
   in a single operator network domain.  As such, the Session-Sender
   address and Session-Reflector address are provisioned by the operator
   for the DLM session.  It is assumed that the operator has verified
   the integrity of the path and identity of the far-end Session-
   Reflector.

   If desired, attacks can be mitigated by performing basic validation
   and sanity checks, at the Session-Sender, of the counter fields
   (e.g., packet loss is not negative) in received reply probe packets.
   The minimal state associated with these protocols also limits the
   extent of measurement disruption that can be caused by a corrupt or
   invalid probe packet to a single probe cycle.

   The DLM protocol uses UDP port that could become a target of denial
   of service (DoS) or could be used to aid on-path attacks.  Thus, the
   security considerations and measures to mitigate the risk of the
   attack documented in Section 6 of [RFC8545] equally apply to the
   STAMP extensions in this document.

   The security considerations specified in [RFC8762] and [RFC8972] also
   apply to the protocol defined in this document.  Specifically, the
   message integrity protection using HMAC, as defined in [RFC8762]
   Section 4.4, also apply to the procedure described in this document.

11.  IANA Considerations

   This document has no IANA actions.

12.  References

12.1.  Normative References

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

   [RFC8174]  Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
              2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
              May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.

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   [RFC9341]  Fioccola, G., Ed., Cociglio, M., Mirsky, G., Mizrahi, T.,
              and T. Zhou, "Alternate-Marking Method", RFC 9341,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC9341, December 2022,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9341>.

   [RFC8762]  Mirsky, G., Jun, G., Nydell, H., and R. Foote, "Simple
              Two-Way Active Measurement Protocol", RFC 8762,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC8762, March 2020,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8762>.

12.2.  Informative References

   [RFC7680]  Almes, G., Kalidindi, S., Zekauskas, M., and A. Morton,
              Ed., "A One-Way Loss Metric for IP Performance Metrics
              (IPPM)", STD 82, RFC 7680, DOI 10.17487/RFC7680, January
              2016, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7680>.

   [RFC8545]  Morton, A., Ed. and G. Mirsky, Ed., "Well-Known Port
              Assignments for the One-Way Active Measurement Protocol
              (OWAMP) and the Two-Way Active Measurement Protocol
              (TWAMP)", RFC 8545, DOI 10.17487/RFC8545, March 2019,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8545>.

   [RFC8972]  Mirsky, G., Min, X., Nydell, H., Foote, R., Masputra, A.,
              and E. Ruffini, "Simple Two-Way Active Measurement
              Protocol Optional Extensions", RFC 8972,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC8972, January 2021,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8972>.

   [ITU-Y1731]
              Recommendation ITU-TG.8013/Y.1731:
              https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-G.8013-201508-I/en, "G.8013/
              Y.1731 : Operations, administration and maintenance (OAM)
              functions and mechanisms for Ethernet-based networks",
              August 2015.

   [SRV6-PM-TNSM]
              Loreti, P., Mayer, A., Lungaroni, P., Lombardo, F.,
              Scarpitta, C., Sidoretti, G., Bracciale, L., Ferrari, M.,
              Salsano, S., Abdelsalam, A., Gandhi, R., and C. Filsfils,
              IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management,
              "SRv6-PM: Performance Monitoring of SRv6 Networks with a
              Cloud-Native Architecture:
              https://arxiv.org/pdf/2007.08633.pdf", February 2021.

   [SRV6-PM-IEEE]
              Loreti, P., Mayer, A., Lungaroni, P., Salsano, S., Gandhi,
              R., and C. Filsfils, IEEE International Conference on High

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Internet-Draft  Simple Direct Loss Measurement Procedure     August 2024

              Performance Switching and Routing, "Implementation of
              Accurate Per-Flow Packet Loss Monitoring in Segment
              Routing over IPv6 Networks:
              https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.11414.pdf", May 2020.

Acknowledgments

   The authors would like to thank Greg Mirsky, Tianran Zhou, Gyan
   Mishra, Zhenqiang Li, Reshad Rahman, Cheng Li, and Yali Wang for the
   comments on Direct Loss Measurement.  The authors would like to thank
   Pierpaolo Loreti, Stefano Salsano, and the team for the Open Source
   implementation of SRv6-PM Loss Monitoring and its publications in
   [SRV6-PM-TNSM] and [SRV6-PM-IEEE].  The authors would like to
   acknowledge the earlier work on the loss measurement using TWAMP
   described in draft-xiao-ippm-twamp-ext-direct-loss.

Authors' Addresses

   Rakesh Gandhi (editor)
   Cisco Systems, Inc.
   Canada
   Email: rgandhi@cisco.com

   Clarence Filsfils
   Cisco Systems, Inc.
   Email: cfilsfil@cisco.com

   Daniel Voyer
   Bell Canada
   Email: daniel.voyer@bell.ca

   Mach(Guoyi) Chen
   Huawei
   Email: mach.chen@huawei.com

   Bart Janssens
   Colt
   Email: Bart.Janssens@colt.net

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