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Admin Interface for the OSCORE Group Manager
draft-ietf-ace-oscore-gm-admin-11

Document Type Active Internet-Draft (ace WG)
Authors Marco Tiloca , Rikard Höglund , Peter Van der Stok , Francesca Palombini
Last updated 2024-03-04
Replaces draft-tiloca-ace-oscore-gm-admin
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Dec 2021
Submission to the IESG of "Admin Interface for the OSCORE Group Manager"
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draft-ietf-ace-oscore-gm-admin-11
ACE Working Group                                              M. Tiloca
Internet-Draft                                                R. Höglund
Intended status: Standards Track                                 RISE AB
Expires: 5 September 2024                                P. van der Stok
                                                                        
                                                            F. Palombini
                                                             Ericsson AB
                                                            4 March 2024

              Admin Interface for the OSCORE Group Manager
                   draft-ietf-ace-oscore-gm-admin-11

Abstract

   Group communication for CoAP can be secured using Group Object
   Security for Constrained RESTful Environments (Group OSCORE).  A
   Group Manager is responsible for handling the joining of new group
   members, as well as managing and distributing the group keying
   material.  This document defines a RESTful admin interface at the
   Group Manager that allows an Administrator entity to create and
   delete OSCORE groups, as well as to retrieve and update their
   configuration.  The ACE framework for Authentication and
   Authorization is used to enforce authentication and authorization of
   the Administrator at the Group Manager.  Protocol-specific transport
   profiles of ACE are used to achieve communication security, proof-of-
   possession, and server authentication.

Discussion Venues

   This note is to be removed before publishing as an RFC.

   Discussion of this document takes place on the Authentication and
   Authorization for Constrained Environments Working Group mailing list
   (ace@ietf.org), which is archived at
   https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/browse/ace/.

   Source for this draft and an issue tracker can be found at
   https://github.com/ace-wg/ace-oscore-gm-admin.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

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   This Internet-Draft will expire on 5 September 2024.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2024 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

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   Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights
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Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     1.1.  Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
   2.  Group Administration  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
     2.1.  Managing OSCORE Groups  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     2.2.  Collection Representation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
     2.3.  Discovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
   3.  Format of Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
     3.1.  On Using Group Name Patterns  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
   4.  Getting Access to the Group Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
     4.1.  Multiple Administrators for the Same OSCORE Group . . . .  18
   5.  Group Configurations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  19
     5.1.  Group Configuration Representation  . . . . . . . . . . .  19
       5.1.1.  Configuration Properties  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  19
       5.1.2.  Status Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  22
     5.2.  Default Values  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  23
       5.2.1.  Configuration Parameters  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  23
       5.2.2.  Status Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  24
   6.  Interactions with the Group Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . .  25
     6.1.  Retrieve the Full List of Group Configurations  . . . . .  26
     6.2.  Retrieve a List of Group Configurations by Filters  . . .  26

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     6.3.  Create a New Group Configuration  . . . . . . . . . . . .  29
     6.4.  Retrieve a Group Configuration  . . . . . . . . . . . . .  35
     6.5.  Retrieve Part of a Group Configuration by Filters . . . .  37
     6.6.  Overwrite a Group Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . .  39
       6.6.1.  Effects on Joining Nodes  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  43
       6.6.2.  Effects on the Group Members  . . . . . . . . . . . .  43
     6.7.  Selective Update of a Group Configuration . . . . . . . .  47
       6.7.1.  Effects on Joining Nodes  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  51
       6.7.2.  Effects on the Group Members  . . . . . . . . . . . .  51
     6.8.  Delete a Group Configuration  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  51
       6.8.1.  Effects on the Group Members  . . . . . . . . . . . .  53
   7.  ACE Groupcomm Parameters  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  54
   8.  ACE Groupcomm Error Identifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  56
   9.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  58
     9.1.  Change of Group Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  59
     9.2.  Group Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  60
     9.3.  Administrators  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  60
   10. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  61
     10.1.  ACE Groupcomm Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  61
     10.2.  ACE Groupcomm Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  63
     10.3.  Resource Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  64
     10.4.  Group OSCORE Admin Permissions . . . . . . . . . . . . .  64
     10.5.  Expert Review Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  65
   11. References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  66
     11.1.  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  66
     11.2.  Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  69
   Appendix A.  Processing of Group Name Patterns at the AS  . . . .  70
   Appendix B.  Document Updates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  72
     B.1.  Version -10 to -11  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  72
     B.2.  Version -09 to -10  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  73
     B.3.  Version -08 to -09  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  73
     B.4.  Version -07 to -08  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  73
     B.5.  Version -06 to -07  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  74
     B.6.  Version -05 to -06  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  74
     B.7.  Version -04 to -05  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  75
     B.8.  Version -03 to -04  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  75
     B.9.  Version -02 to -03  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  75
     B.10. Version -01 to -02  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  76
     B.11. Version -00 to -01  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  76
   Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  76
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  76

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1.  Introduction

   The Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) [RFC7252] can also be
   used for group communication [I-D.ietf-core-groupcomm-bis], where
   messages are exchanged between members of a group, e.g., over IP
   multicast.  Applications relying on CoAP can achieve end-to-end
   security at the application layer by using Object Security for
   Constrained RESTful Environments (OSCORE) [RFC8613], and especially
   Group OSCORE [I-D.ietf-core-oscore-groupcomm] in group communication
   scenarios.

   When group communication for CoAP is protected with Group OSCORE,
   nodes are required to join the correct OSCORE group explicitly.  To
   this end, a joining node interacts with a Group Manager (GM) entity
   responsible for that group, and retrieves the required keying
   material to securely communicate with other group members using Group
   OSCORE.

   The method in [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore] specifies how nodes
   can join an OSCORE group through the respective Group Manager.  That
   method builds on the ACE framework for Authentication and
   Authorization [RFC9200], ensuring a secure joining process as well as
   authentication and authorization of joining nodes (clients) at the
   Group Manager (resource server).

   In some deployments, the application running on the Group Manager may
   know when a new OSCORE group has to be created, as well as how it
   should be configured and later on updated or deleted, e.g., based on
   the current application state or pre-installed policies.  In this
   case, the Group Manager application can create and configure OSCORE
   groups when needed, by using a local application interface.  However,
   this requires the Group Manager to be application-specific, which in
   turn may lead to error-prone deployments and is poorly flexible.

   In other deployments, a separate Administrator entity, such as a
   Commissioning Tool, is directly responsible for creating and
   configuring the OSCORE groups at a Group Manager, as well as for
   maintaining them during their whole lifetime until their deletion.
   This allows the Group Manager to be agnostic of the specific
   applications using secure group communication.

   This document specifies a RESTful admin interface at the Group
   Manager, intended for an Administrator as a separate entity external
   to the Group Manager and its application.  The interface allows the
   Administrator to create and delete OSCORE groups, as well as to
   specify and update their configuration.

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   Interaction examples are provided in Link Format [RFC6690] and in
   CBOR [RFC8949].  The examples in CBOR are expressed in CBOR
   diagnostic notation without the tag and value abbreviations.

   The ACE framework is used to ensure authentication and authorization
   of the Administrator (client) at the Group Manager (resource server).
   In order to achieve communication security, proof-of-possession, and
   server authentication, the Administrator and the Group Manager
   leverage protocol-specific transport profiles of ACE, such as
   [RFC9202][RFC9203].  These include also possible forthcoming
   transport profiles that comply with the requirements in Appendix C of
   [RFC9200].

1.1.  Terminology

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
   "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
   BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
   capitals, as shown here.

   Readers are expected to be familiar with the terms and concepts from
   the following specifications.

   *  CDDL [RFC8610], CBOR [RFC8949] and COSE [RFC9052][RFC9053].

   *  The CoAP protocol [RFC7252], also in group communication scenarios
      [I-D.ietf-core-groupcomm-bis].  These especially include the
      following concepts.

      -  "application group", as a set of CoAP nodes that share a common
         set of resources.

      -  "security group", as a set of CoAP nodes that share the same
         security material, and use it to protect and verify exchanged
         messages.

   *  The OSCORE [RFC8613] and Group OSCORE
      [I-D.ietf-core-oscore-groupcomm] security protocols.  These
      especially include the following concepts.

      -  Group Manager, as the entity responsible for a set of OSCORE
         groups where communications among members are secured using
         Group OSCORE.  An OSCORE group is used as a security group for
         one or many application groups.

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      -  Authentication credential, as the set of information associated
         with an entity, including that entity's public key and
         parameters associated with the public key.  Examples of
         authentication credentials are CBOR Web Tokens (CWTs) and CWT
         Claims Sets (CCSs) [RFC8392], X.509 certificates [RFC5280], and
         C509 certificates [I-D.ietf-cose-cbor-encoded-cert].

   *  The ACE framework for authentication and authorization [RFC9200].
      The terminology for entities in the considered architecture is
      defined in OAuth 2.0 [RFC6749].  In particular, this includes
      Client (C), Resource Server (RS), and Authorization Server (AS).

   *  The management of keying material for groups in ACE
      [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm] and specifically for OSCORE groups
      [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore].  These include the concept of
      group-membership resource hosted by the Group Manager that new
      members access to join the OSCORE group, and that current members
      can access to retrieve updated keying material.

   Note that the term "endpoint" is used here following its OAuth
   definition, aimed at denoting resources such as /token and
   /introspect at the AS, and /authz-info at the RS.  This document does
   not use the CoAP definition of "endpoint", which is "An entity
   participating in the CoAP protocol".

   This document also refers to the following terminology:

   *  Administrator: entity responsible for creating, configuring, and
      deleting OSCORE groups at a Group Manager.

   *  Group name: stable and invariant name of an OSCORE group.  The
      group name MUST be unique under the same Group Manager, and MUST
      include only characters that are valid for a URI path segment.

   *  Group-collection resource: a single-instance resource hosted by
      the Group Manager.  An Administrator accesses a group-collection
      resource to retrieve the list of existing OSCORE groups, or to
      create a new OSCORE group, under that Group Manager.

      As an example, this document uses /manage as the url-path of the
      group-collection resource; implementations are not required to use
      this name, and can define their own instead.

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   *  Group-configuration resource: a resource hosted by the Group
      Manager, associated with an OSCORE group under that Group Manager.
      A group-configuration resource is identifiable with the invariant
      group name of the respective OSCORE group.  An Administrator
      accesses a group-configuration resource to retrieve or change the
      configuration of the respective OSCORE group, or to delete that
      group.

      The url-path to a group-configuration resource has GROUPNAME as
      last segment, with GROUPNAME the invariant group name assigned
      upon its creation.  Building on the considered url-path of the
      group-collection resource, this document uses /manage/GROUPNAME as
      the url-path of a group-configuration resource; implementations
      are not required to use this same construct, and can define their
      own instead.

   *  Admin resource: a group-collection resource or a group-
      configuration resource hosted by the Group Manager.

2.  Group Administration

   With reference to the ACE framework and the terminology defined in
   OAuth 2.0 [RFC6749]:

   *  The Group Manager acts as Resource Server (RS).  It provides one
      single group-collection resource, and one group-configuration
      resource per existing OSCORE group.

   *  The Administrator acts as Client (C), and requests to access the
      group-collection resource and group-configuration resources at the
      Group Manager.

   *  The Authorization Server (AS) authorizes the Administrator to
      access the group-collection resource and group-configuration
      resources at a Group Manager.  Multiple Group Managers can be
      associated with the same AS.

      The authorized access for an Administrator can be limited to
      performing only a subset of operations, according to what is
      allowed by the authorization information in the Access Token
      issued to that Administrator (see Section 3 and Section 4).  The
      AS can authorize multiple Administrators to access the group-
      collection resource and the (same) group-configuration resources
      at the Group Manager.

      The AS MAY issue Access Tokens to the Administrator for other
      purposes than accessing admin resources of registered Group
      Managers.  For example, an Access Token can specify authorization

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      information for joining OSCORE groups at a Group Manager (see
      [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore]), possibly combined with
      authorization information for accessing admin resources at the
      same Group Manager (see Section 3).  Also, an AS can of course
      issue an Access Token that specifies authorization information
      unrelated to OSCORE groups, but instead pertaining to the access
      of other resources hosted by the Group Manager or other Resource
      Servers.

2.1.  Managing OSCORE Groups

   Figure 1 shows the resources of a Group Manager available to an
   Administrator.

                    ___
          Group    /   \
       Collection  \___/
                       \
                        \____________________
                         \___    \___        \___
                         /   \   /   \  ...  /   \        Group
                         \___/   \___/       \___/   Configurations

                Figure 1: Admin Resources of a Group Manager

   The Group Manager exports a single group-collection resource, with
   resource type "core.osc.gcoll" registered in Section 10.3 of this
   document.  The interface for the group-collection resource defined in
   Section 6 allows the Administrator to:

   *  Retrieve the list of existing OSCORE groups.

   *  Retrieve a list of existing OSCORE groups matching with specified
      filter criteria.

   *  Create a new OSCORE group, specifying its invariant group name
      and, optionally, its configuration.

   The Group Manager exports one group-configuration resource for each
   of its OSCORE groups.  Each group-configuration resource has resource
   type "core.osc.gconf" registered in Section 10.3 of this document,
   and is identified by the group name specified upon creating the
   OSCORE group.  The interface for a group-configuration resource
   defined in Section 6 allows the Administrator to:

   *  Retrieve the complete current configuration of the OSCORE group.

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   *  Retrieve part of the current configuration of the OSCORE group, by
      applying filter criteria.

   *  Overwrite the current configuration of the OSCORE group.

   *  Selectively update only part of the current configuration of the
      OSCORE group.

   *  Delete the OSCORE group.

2.2.  Collection Representation

   A collection of group configurations is represented as a Link Format
   document [RFC6690] containing the list of corresponding group-
   configuration resources.

   Each group configuration is represented as a link, which specifies
   the URI of the group-configuration resource as link target, and the
   link target attribute 'rt' (Resource Type) with value
   "core.osc.gconf".

2.3.  Discovery

   The Administrator can discover group-collection resources from a
   Resource Directory [RFC9176] or from .well-known/core, by using the
   resource type "core.osc.gcoll".

   The Administrator can discover group-configuration resources for the
   group-collection resource as specified in Section 6.1 and
   Section 6.2.

3.  Format of Scope

   This section defines the exact format and encoding of scope to use,
   in order to express authorization information for the Administrator
   (see Section 4).

   To this end, this document uses the Authorization Information Format
   (AIF) [RFC9237].  In particular, it uses and extends the AIF specific
   data model AIF-OSCORE-GROUPCOMM defined in Section 3 of
   [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore].

   The original definition of the data model AIF-OSCORE-GROUPCOMM
   specifies a scope as structured into scope entries, which express
   authorization information for users of an OSCORE group, i.e., actual
   group members or external signature verifiers.  Hereafter, these are
   referred to as "user scope entries".

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   This document extends the same AIF specific data model AIF-OSCORE-
   GROUPCOMM as defined below.  In particular, it defines how the same
   scope can (also) include scope entries that express authorization
   information for Administrators of OSCORE groups.  Hereafter, these
   are referred to as "admin scope entries", or simply as "scope
   entries" unless otherwise indicated.

   Like in the original definition of the data model AIF-OSCORE-
   GROUPCOMM, and with reference to the generic AIF model

      AIF-Generic<Toid, Tperm> = [* [Toid, Tperm]]

   the value of the CBOR byte string used as scope encodes the CBOR
   array [* [Toid, Tperm]], where each [Toid, Tperm] element corresponds
   to one scope entry.

   Then, the following applies for each admin scope entry intended to
   express authorization information for an Administrator, as defined in
   this document.

   *  The object identifier ("Toid") is specialized as either of the
      following, and specifies a group name pattern P for the admin
      scope entry.

      -  Wildcard pattern: "Toid" is specialized as the CBOR simple
         value true (0xf5), specifying the wildcard pattern.  That is,
         any group name expressed as a literal text string matches with
         this group name pattern.

      -  Literal pattern: "Toid" is specialized as a CBOR text string,
         whose value specifies an exact group name as a literal string.
         That is, only one specific group name expressed as a literal
         text string matches with this group name pattern.

      -  Complex pattern: "Toid" is specialized as a tagged CBOR data
         item, specifying a more complex group name pattern with the
         semantics signaled by the CBOR tag.  That is, multiple group
         names expressed as a literal text string match with this group
         name pattern.

         For example, and as typically expected, the data item can be a
         CBOR text string marked with the CBOR tag 21065 or 35.  This
         indicates that the group name pattern specified as value of the
         CBOR text string is a regular expression (see [RFC9485] and
         Section 3.4.5.3 of [RFC8949]).

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         In case the AIF specific data model AIF-OSCORE-GROUPCOMM is
         used in a JSON payload, the semantics information conveyed by
         the CBOR tag can be equivalently conveyed, for example, in a
         nested JSON object.

         The AS and the Group Manager are expected to have agreed on
         commonly supported semantics for group name patterns.  This can
         happen, for instance, as part of the registration process of
         the Group Manager at the AS.

   *  The permission set ("Tperm") is specialized as a CBOR unsigned
      integer with value Q.  This specifies the permissions that the
      Administrator has with respect to performing operations on the
      admin resources at the Group Manager, as pertaining to any OSCORE
      group whose name matches with the pattern P.  The value Q is
      computed as follows.

      -  Each permission in the permission set is converted into the
         corresponding numeric identifier X from the "Value" column of
         the "Group OSCORE Admin Permissions" registry, for which this
         document defines the entries in Table 1.

      -  The set of N numbers is converted into the single value Q, by
         taking two to the power of each numeric identifier X_1, X_2,
         ..., X_N, and then computing the inclusive OR of the binary
         representations of all the power values.

      In general, a single permission can be associated with multiple
      different operations that are possible to be performed when
      interacting with the Group Manager.  For example, the "List"
      permission allows the Administrator to retrieve a list of group
      configurations (see Section 6.1) or only a subset of that
      according to specified filter criteria (see Section 6.2), by
      issuing a GET or FETCH request to the group-collection resource,
      respectively.

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        +========+=======+=======================================+
        | Name   | Value | Description                           |
        +========+=======+=======================================+
        | List   | 0     | Retrieve list of group configurations |
        +--------+-------+---------------------------------------+
        | Create | 1     | Create new group configurations       |
        +--------+-------+---------------------------------------+
        | Read   | 2     | Retrieve group configurations         |
        +--------+-------+---------------------------------------+
        | Write  | 3     | Change group configurations           |
        +--------+-------+---------------------------------------+
        | Delete | 4     | Delete group configurations           |
        +--------+-------+---------------------------------------+

            Table 1: Numeric identifier of permissions on the
                    admin resources at a Group Manager

   The following CDDL [RFC8610] notation defines an admin scope entry
   that uses the data model AIF-OSCORE-GROUPCOMM and expresses a set of
   permissions from those in Table 1.

      ;# include rfc9237

      AIF-OSCORE-GROUPCOMM = AIF-Generic<oscore-gname, oscore-gperm>

      oscore-gname = true / tstr / #6.<uint>(any) ; Group name pattern
      oscore-gperm = uint .bits admin-permissions

      admin-permissions = &(
         List: 0,
         Create: 1,
         Read: 2,
         Write: 3,
         Delete: 4
      )

      scope_entry = [oscore-gname, oscore-gperm]

   The following example in CBOR diagnostic notation shows a CBOR array
   including five scope entries as its elements.

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   [[true,   / Toid (wildcard pattern) /
     5       / Tperm (List + Read) /
    ],
    ["gp1",  / Toid (literal pattern) /
     31      / Tperm (List + Create +
               Read + Write + Delete) /
    ],
    ["gp2",  / Toid (literal pattern) /
     31      / Tperm (List + Create +
               Read + Write + Delete) /
    ],
    [21065("^[A-K][0-9][-a-z0-9]*$"),  / Toid (complex pattern) /
     31                                / Tperm (List + Create +
                                         Read + Write + Delete) /
    ],
    [21065("^[J-Z][0-9][-a-z0-9]*$"),  / Toid (complex pattern) /
     13                                / Tperm (List + Read + Write) /
    ]
   ]

   Future specifications that define new permissions on the admin
   resources at the Group Manager MUST register a corresponding numeric
   identifier in the "Group OSCORE Admin Permissions" registry defined
   in Section 10.4 of this document.

   When using the scope format as defined in this section, the
   permission set ("Tperm") of each admin scope entry MUST include the
   "List" permission.  It follows that, when expressing permissions for
   Administrators of OSCORE groups as defined in this document, an admin
   scope entry has the least significant bit of "Tperm" always set to 1.

   Therefore, an Administrator is always allowed to retrieve a list of
   existing group configurations.  The exact elements included in the
   returned list are determined by the Group Manager, based on the group
   name patterns specified in the admin scope entries of the
   Administrator's Access Token, as well as on possible filter criteria
   specified in the request from the Administrator (see Section 6.1 and
   Section 6.2).

   Building on the above, the same single scope can include user scope
   entries as well as admin scope entries, whose specific format is
   defined in Section 3 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore] and
   earlier in this section, respectively.  The two types of scope
   entries can be unambiguously distinguished by means of the least
   significant bit of their permission set "Tperm", which has value 0
   for the user scope entries and 1 for the admin scope entries.

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   The coexistence of user scope entries and admin scope entries within
   the same scope makes it possible to issue a single Access Token, in
   case the requesting Client wishes to be a user for some OSCORE groups
   and at the same time Administrator for some (other) OSCORE groups
   under the same Group Manager.

3.1.  On Using Group Name Patterns

   Having the object identifier ("Toid") specialized as a pattern
   confers a number of advantages.

   *  When relying on wildcard patterns and complex patterns, the
      encoded scope can be compact in size while allowing the
      Administrator to operate on large pools of group names.

   *  When relying on wildcard patterns and complex patterns, the
      Administrator and the AS do not need to know the exact group names
      for requesting and issuing an Access Token, respectively (see
      Section 4).  In turn, the Group Manager can effectively take the
      final decision about the name to assign to an OSCORE group, upon
      its creation (see Section 6.3).

4.  Getting Access to the Group Manager

   All communications between the involved entities rely on the CoAP
   protocol and MUST be secured.

   In particular, communications between the Administrator and the Group
   Manager leverage protocol-specific transport profiles of ACE to
   achieve communication security, proof-of-possession, and server
   authentication.  To this end, the AS may explicitly signal the
   specific transport profile to use, consistently with requirements and
   assumptions defined in the ACE framework [RFC9200].

   With reference to the AS, communications between the Administrator
   and the AS (/token endpoint) as well as between the Group Manager and
   the AS (/introspect endpoint) can be secured by different means, for
   instance using DTLS [RFC9147] or OSCORE [RFC8613].  Further details
   on how the AS secures communications (with the Administrator and the
   Group Manager) depend on the transport profile of ACE in use, and are
   out of the scope of this document.

   In order to specify authorization information for Administrators, the
   format and encoding of scope defined in Section 3 of this document
   MUST be used, for both the 'scope' claim in the Access Token and the
   'scope' parameter in the Authorization Request and Authorization
   Response exchanged with the AS (see Sections 5.8.1 and 5.8.2 of
   [RFC9200]).

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   Furthermore, the AS MAY use the extended format of scope defined in
   Section 7 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm] for the 'scope' claim of
   the Access Token.  In such a case, the AS MUST use the CBOR tag with
   tag number TAG_NUMBER, associated with the CoAP Content-Format CF_ID
   for the media type application/aif+cbor registered in Section 16.9 of
   [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore].

   Note to RFC Editor: In the previous paragraph, please replace
   "TAG_NUMBER" with the CBOR tag number computed as TN(ct) in
   Section 4.3 of [RFC9277], where ct is the ID assigned to the CoAP
   Content-Format CF_ID registered in Section 16.9 of
   [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore].  Then, please replace "CF_ID"
   with the ID assigned to that CoAP Content-Format.  Finally, please
   delete this paragraph.

   This indicates that the binary encoded scope, as conveying the actual
   access control information, follows the scope semantics of the AIF
   specific data model AIF-OSCORE-GROUPCOMM defined in Section 3 of
   [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore] and extended as per Section 3 of
   this document.

   In order to get access to the Group Manager for managing OSCORE
   groups, an Administrator performs the following steps.

   1.  The Administrator requests an Access Token from the AS, in order
       to access the group-collection and group-configuration resources
       on the Group Manager.  To this end, the Administrator sends to
       the AS an Authorization Request as defined in Section 5.8.1 of
       [RFC9200].

       If the 'scope' parameter in the Authorization Request includes
       scope entries whose "Toid" specifies a complex pattern (see
       Section 3), then all such scope entries MUST adhere to the same
       pattern semantics.

       The Administrator will start or continue using a secure
       communication association with the Group Manager, according to
       the response from the AS and the transport profile of ACE in use.

   2.  The AS processes the Authorization Request as defined in
       Section 5.8.2 of [RFC9200], especially verifying that the
       Administrator is authorized to obtain the requested permissions,
       or possibly a subset of those.

       The AS specifies the information on the authorization granted to
       the Administrator as the value of the 'scope' claim to include in
       the Access Token, in accordance with the scope format specified
       in Section 3.  It is implementation specific which particular

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       approach the AS takes to evaluate the requested permissions
       against the access policies pertaining to the Administrator for
       the Group Manager in question.  Appendix A provides an example of
       such an approach that the AS can use.

       If the 'scope' parameter in the Authorization Request includes
       scope entries whose "Toid" specifies a complex pattern adhering
       to a certain pattern semantics, then that semantics MUST be used
       for all the scope entries in the 'scope' claim that specify a
       complex pattern.

       The AS MUST include the 'scope' parameter in the Authorization
       Response defined in Section 5.8.2 of [RFC9200], when the value
       included in the Access Token differs from the one specified by
       the Administrator in the Authorization Request.  In such a case,
       scope specifies the set of permissions that the Administrator
       actually has, with respect to performing operations at the Group
       Manager, encoded as specified in Section 3.

       If the 'scope' parameter in the Authorization Request includes
       scope entries whose "Toid" specifies a complex pattern and any of
       the following conditions holds, then the AS MUST reply with a
       4.00 (Bad Request) error response (see Section 5.8.3 of
       [RFC9200]).  The 'error_description' parameter carried out in the
       response payload MUST specify the CBOR value 1 (invalid_scope).

       *  The "Toid" of the different scope entries that specify a
          complex pattern do not all adhere to the same pattern
          semantics.

       *  The "Toid" of the different scope entries that specify a
          complex pattern adhere to the same pattern semantics, but this
          is not supported by the AS or by the Group Manager.

       Finally, as discussed in Section 3, the authorization information
       included in the Authorization Request or specified by the AS
       might also include permissions for the same Client as a user of
       an OSCORE group, i.e., as an actual group member or an external
       signature verifier.  As per Section 3, such authorization
       information is expressed by "user scope entries", whose format
       and processing is specified in
       [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore].

   3.  The Administrator transfers authentication and authorization
       information to the Group Manager by posting the obtained Access
       Token, according to the used profile of ACE, such as [RFC9202]
       and [RFC9203].  After that, the Administrator must have a secure
       communication association established with the Group Manager,

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       before performing any administrative operation on that Group
       Manager.  Possible ways to provide secure communication are DTLS
       [RFC9147] and OSCORE [RFC8613].  The Administrator and the Group
       Manager maintain the secure association, to support possible
       future communications.

   4.  Consistently with what is allowed by the authorization
       information in the Access Token, the Administrator performs
       administrative operations at the Group Manager, as described in
       Section 6.  These include retrieving a list of existing OSCORE
       groups, creating new OSCORE groups, retrieving and changing
       OSCORE group configurations, and removing OSCORE groups.
       Messages exchanged among the Administrator and the Group Manager
       are specified in Section 6.

       Upon receiving a request from the Administrator targeting the
       group-collection resource or a group-configuration resource, the
       Group Manager MUST check that it is storing a valid Access Token
       for that Administrator.  If this is not the case, the Group
       Manager MUST reply with a 4.01 (Unauthorized) error response.

       If the request targets the group-collection resource for creating
       a new group with name GROUPNAME or it targets the group-
       configuration resource associated with an existing group with
       name GROUPNAME, then the Group Manager MUST check that it is
       storing a valid Access Token from that Administrator, such that
       the 'scope' claim specified in the Access Token: i) expresses
       authorization information through scope entries as defined in
       Section 3; and ii) specifically includes a scope entry where:

       *  The group name GROUPNAME matches with the pattern specified by
          the "Toid" of the scope entry; and

       *  The permission set specified by the "Tperm" of the scope entry
          allows the Administrator to perform the requested
          administrative operation on the targeted group-configuration
          resource.

       Note that the checks defined above only consider scope entries
       expressing permissions for administrative operations, namely
       "admin scope entries" as defined in Section 3, while the
       alternative "user scope entries" defined in
       [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore] are not considered.

       Further detailed checks to perform are defined separately for
       each operation at the Group Manager, when specified in Section 6.

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       In case the Group Manager stores a valid Access Token but the
       verifications above fail, the Group Manager MUST reply with a
       4.03 (Forbidden) error response.  This response MAY be an AS
       Request Creation Hints, as defined in Section 5.3 of [RFC9200],
       in which case the Content-Format MUST be set to application/
       ace+cbor (i.e., ID: 19).

       If the request is not formatted correctly (e.g., required fields
       are not present or are not encoded as expected), the Group
       Manager MUST reply with a 4.00 (Bad Request) error response.

4.1.  Multiple Administrators for the Same OSCORE Group

   In addition to a "main" primary Administrator responsible for an
   OSCORE group at the Group Manager, it is also possible to have
   "assistant" secondary Administrators that are effectively authorized
   to perform some operations on the same OSCORE group.

   With respect to the main Administrator, such assistant Administrators
   are expected to have fewer permissions to perform administrative
   operations related to the OSCORE group at the Group Manager.  For
   example, they may not be authorized to create an OSCORE group, or to
   delete an OSCORE group and its configuration.

   In case the main Administrator of an OSCORE group is dismissed or
   relinquishes its role, one of the assistant Administrators can be
   "promoted" and become main Administrator for that OSCORE group.
   Practically, this requires that the access policies associated with
   the promoted Administrator are updated accordingly at the
   Authorization Server.  Also, the promoted Administrator has to
   request from the Authorization Server a new Access Token and to
   upload it to the Group Manager.  If allowed by the used transport
   profile of ACE, this process can efficiently enforce a dynamic update
   of access rights, thus preserving the current secure association
   between the promoted Administrator and the Group Manager.

   If an Administrator is not sure about being the only Administrator
   responsible for an OSCORE group, then it is RECOMMENDED that the
   Administrator ensures to have a recent representation of the group-
   configuration resource associated with the OSCORE group before
   overwriting (see Section 6.6), updating (see Section 6.7), or
   deleting (see Section 6.8) the group configuration.  This can be
   achieved in the following ways.

   *  The Administrator performs a regular polling of the group
      configuration, by sending a GET request to the corresponding
      group-configuration resource (see Section 6.4).

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   *  If the group-configuration resource associated with the OSCORE
      group is Observable, then the Administrator subscribes to that
      resource by using CoAP Observe [RFC7641].  The Observation request
      is a GET request sent to the group-configuration resource (see
      Section 6.4).  In such a case, the Group Manager will also send a
      4.04 (Not Found) response in case another Administrator deletes
      the group-configuration resource, as a result of deleting the
      associated OSCORE group and its configuration.

   If the Administrator gains knowledge that the group configuration has
   changed compared to the latest known representation, then the
   Administrator might hold the execution of writing or deletion
   operation on the group-configuration resource, and first attempt
   checking with other Administrators responsible for the same OSCORE
   group about the changes they have made.

5.  Group Configurations

   A group configuration consists of a set of parameters.

5.1.  Group Configuration Representation

   The group configuration representation is a CBOR map, which includes
   configuration properties and status properties.

5.1.1.  Configuration Properties

   The CBOR map includes the following configuration parameters, whose
   CBOR abbreviations are defined in Section 7 of this document.

   *  'hkdf', which specifies the HKDF Algorithm used in the OSCORE
      group (see Section 2 of [I-D.ietf-core-oscore-groupcomm]), encoded
      as a CBOR text string or a CBOR integer.  Possible values are the
      same ones admitted for the 'hkdf' parameter of the
      Group_OSCORE_Input_Material object, defined in Section 6.3 of
      [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore].

   *  'cred_fmt', which specifies the Authentication Credential Format
      used in the OSCORE group (see Section 2 of
      [I-D.ietf-core-oscore-groupcomm]), encoded as a CBOR integer.
      Possible values are the same ones admitted for the 'cred_fmt'
      parameter of the Group_OSCORE_Input_Material object, defined in
      Section 6.3 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore].

   *  'group_mode', encoded as a CBOR simple value.  Its value is true
      (0xf5) if the OSCORE group uses the group mode of Group OSCORE
      (see Section 8 of [I-D.ietf-core-oscore-groupcomm]), or false
      (0xf4) otherwise.

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   *  'gp_enc_alg', which is formatted as follows.  If the configuration
      parameter 'group_mode' has value false (0xf4), this parameter has
      as value the CBOR simple value null (0xf6).  Otherwise, this
      parameter specifies the Group Encryption Algorithm used in the
      OSCORE group to encrypt messages protected with the group mode
      (see Section 2 of [I-D.ietf-core-oscore-groupcomm]), encoded as a
      CBOR text string or a CBOR integer.  Possible values are the same
      ones admitted for the 'sign_enc_alg' parameter of the
      Group_OSCORE_Input_Material object, defined in Section 6.3 of
      [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore].

      Editor's note: as per the text above, the referred version of
      [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore] still uses 'sign_enc_alg' as
      parameter name.  The next version of
      [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore] will be updated in order to
      use 'gp_enc_alg' instead, as already done for this document and
      consistently with the naming used in the latest version of
      [I-D.ietf-core-oscore-groupcomm].

   *  'sign_alg', which is formatted as follows.  If the configuration
      parameter 'group_mode' has value false (0xf4), this parameter has
      as value the CBOR simple value null (0xf6).  Otherwise, this
      parameter specifies the Signature Algorithm used in the OSCORE
      group (see Section 2 of [I-D.ietf-core-oscore-groupcomm]), encoded
      as a CBOR text string or a CBOR integer.  Possible values are the
      same ones admitted for the 'sign_alg' parameter of the
      Group_OSCORE_Input_Material object, defined in Section 6.3 of
      [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore].

   *  'sign_params', which is formatted as follows.  If the
      configuration parameter 'group_mode' has value false (0xf4), this
      parameter has as value the CBOR simple value null (0xf6).
      Otherwise, this parameter specifies the additional parameters for
      the Signature Algorithm used in the OSCORE group, encoded as a
      CBOR array.  Possible formats and values are the same ones
      admitted for the 'sign_params' parameter of the
      Group_OSCORE_Input_Material object, defined in Section 6.3 of
      [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore].

   *  'pairwise_mode', encoded as a CBOR simple value.  Its value is
      true (0xf5) if the OSCORE group uses the pairwise mode of Group
      OSCORE (see Section 9 of [I-D.ietf-core-oscore-groupcomm]), or
      false (0xf4) otherwise.

   *  'alg', which is formatted as follows.  If the configuration
      parameter 'pairwise_mode' has value false (0xf4), this parameter
      has as value the CBOR simple value null (0xf6).  Otherwise, this
      parameter specifies the AEAD Algorithm used in the OSCORE group to

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      encrypt messages protected with the pairwise mode (see Section 2
      of [I-D.ietf-core-oscore-groupcomm]), encoded as a CBOR text
      string or a CBOR integer.  Possible values are the same ones
      admitted for the 'alg' parameter of the
      Group_OSCORE_Input_Material object, defined in Section 6.3 of
      [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore].

   *  'ecdh_alg', which is formatted as follows.  If the configuration
      parameter 'pairwise_mode' has value false (0xf4), this parameter
      has as value the CBOR simple value null (0xf6).  Otherwise, this
      parameter specifies the Pairwise Key Agreement Algorithm used in
      the OSCORE group (see Section 2 of
      [I-D.ietf-core-oscore-groupcomm]), encoded as a CBOR text string
      or a CBOR integer.  Possible values are the same ones admitted for
      the 'ecdh_alg' parameter of the Group_OSCORE_Input_Material
      object, defined in Section 6.3 of
      [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore].

   *  'ecdh_params', which is formatted as follows.  If the
      configuration parameter 'pairwise_mode' has value false (0xf4),
      this parameter has as value the CBOR simple value null (0xf6).
      Otherwise, this parameter specifies the parameters for the
      Pairwise Key Agreement Algorithm used in the OSCORE group, encoded
      as a CBOR array.  Possible formats and values are the same ones
      admitted for the 'ecdh_params' parameter of the
      Group_OSCORE_Input_Material object, defined in Section 6.3 of
      [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore].

   *  'det_req', encoded as a CBOR simple value.  Its value is true
      (0xf5) if the OSCORE group uses deterministic requests as defined
      in [I-D.amsuess-core-cachable-oscore], or false (0xf4) otherwise.
      This parameter MUST NOT be present if the configuration parameter
      'group_mode' has value false (0xf4).

   *  'det_hash_alg', encoded as a CBOR integer or text string.  If
      present, this parameter specifies the Hash Algorithm used in the
      OSCORE group when producing deterministic requests, as defined in
      [I-D.amsuess-core-cachable-oscore].  This parameter takes values
      from the "Value" column of the "COSE Algorithms" Registry
      [COSE.Algorithms].

      This parameter MUST NOT be present if the configuration parameter
      'det_req' is not present or if it is present with value false
      (0xf4).  If the configuration parameter 'det_req' is present with
      value true (0xf5) and 'det_hash_alg' is not present, the choice of
      the Hash Algorithm to use when producing deterministic requests is
      left to the Group Manager.

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5.1.2.  Status Properties

   The CBOR map includes the following status parameters.  Unless
   specified otherwise, these are defined in this document and their
   CBOR abbreviations are defined in Section 7.

   *  'rt', with value the resource type "core.osc.gconf" associated
      with group-configuration resources, encoded as a CBOR text string.

   *  'active', encoding the CBOR simple value true (0xf5) if the OSCORE
      group is currently active, or the CBOR simple value false (0xf4)
      otherwise.

   *  'group_name', with value the group name of the OSCORE group
      encoded as a CBOR text string.

   *  'group_description', with value either a human-readable
      description of the OSCORE group encoded as a CBOR text string, or
      the CBOR simple value null (0xf6) if no description is specified.

   *  'ace_groupcomm_profile', defined in Section 4.3.1 of
      [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm], with value "coap_group_oscore_app"
      defined in Section 16.5 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore]
      encoded as a CBOR integer.

   *  'max_stale_sets', encoding a CBOR unsigned integer with value
      strictly greater than 1.  With reference to Section 7.1 of
      [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore], this parameter specifies N,
      i.e., the maximum number of sets of stale OSCORE Sender IDs that
      the Group Manager stores for the group.

   *  'exp', defined in Section 4.3.1 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm].

   *  'gid_reuse', encoding the CBOR simple value true (0xf5) if, upon
      rekeying the OSCORE group, the Group Manager can reassign the
      values of the OSCORE Group ID used as OSCORE ID Context, as per
      Section 3.2.1.1 of [I-D.ietf-core-oscore-groupcomm] and Section 11
      of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore].  Otherwise, this parameter
      encodes the CBOR simple value false (0xf4).

   *  'app_groups', with value a list of names of application groups,
      encoded as a CBOR array.  Each element of the array is a CBOR text
      string, specifying the name of an application group using the
      OSCORE group as security group (see Section 2.1 of
      [I-D.ietf-core-groupcomm-bis]).

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   *  'joining_uri', with value the URI of the group-membership resource
      for joining the newly created OSCORE group as per Section 6.2 of
      [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore], encoded as a CBOR text
      string.

   *  'group_policies', defined in Section 4.3.1 of
      [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm], and consistent with the format and
      content defined in Section 6.3 of
      [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore].

   *  'as_uri', with value the URI of the Authorization Server
      associated with the Group Manager for the OSCORE group, encoded as
      a CBOR text string.  Candidate group members will have to obtain
      an Access Token from that Authorization Server, before starting
      the joining process with the Group Manager to join the OSCORE
      group (see Sections 5 and 6 of
      [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore]).

5.2.  Default Values

   This section defines the default values that the Group Manager refers
   to for configuration and status parameters.

   The Group Manager MAY choose different default values instead of
   those recommended in this section.  A possible reason is to ensure
   that each of those are consistent with what the Group Manager
   supports, e.g., in terms of signature algorithm and format of
   authentication credentials used in the OSCORE group.

   This ensures that the Group Manager is able to perform the operations
   defined in [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore], as to its
   interactions with joining nodes and current group members for an
   OSCORE group (see Section 14 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore]).

5.2.1.  Configuration Parameters

   For each of the configuration parameters listed below, the Group
   Manager refers to the following pre-configured default value, if none
   is specified by the Administrator.

   *  For 'group_mode', the Group Manager SHOULD use the CBOR simple
      value true (0xf5).

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   *  If 'group_mode' has value true (0xf5), the Group Manager SHOULD
      use the default values defined in Section 14.2 of
      [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore] as follows: the value of
      'sign_enc_alg' for the parameter 'gp_enc_alg' defined in this
      document; the value of 'sign_alg' and 'sign_params' for the
      corresponding parameters defined in this document.

      Editor's note: as per the text above, the referred version of
      [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore] still uses 'sign_enc_alg' as
      parameter name.  The next version of
      [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore] will be updated in order to
      use 'gp_enc_alg' instead, as already done for this document and
      consistently with the naming used in the latest version of
      [I-D.ietf-core-oscore-groupcomm].

   *  If 'group_mode' has value true (0xf5), the Group Manager SHOULD
      use the CBOR simple value false (0xf4) for the parameter
      'det_req'.

   *  If 'det_req' has value true (0xf5), the Group Manager SHOULD use
      SHA-256 (COSE algorithm encoding: -16) as default value for the
      parameter 'det_hash_alg'.

   *  For 'pairwise_mode', the Group Manager SHOULD use the CBOR simple
      value true (0xf5).

   *  If 'pairwise_mode' has value true (0xf5), the Group Manager SHOULD
      use the same default values defined in Section 14.3 of
      [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore] for the parameters 'alg',
      'ecdh_alg', and 'ecdh_params'.

   *  For any other configuration parameter, the Group Manager SHOULD
      use the same default values defined in Section 14.1 of
      [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore].

5.2.2.  Status Parameters

   For each of the status parameters listed below, the Group Manager
   refers to the following pre-configured default value, if none is
   specified by the Administrator.

   *  For 'active', the Group Manager SHOULD use the CBOR simple value
      false (0xf4).

   *  For 'group_description', the Group Manager SHOULD use the CBOR
      simple value null (0xf6).

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   *  For 'max_stale_sets', the Group Manager SHOULD use the CBOR
      unsigned integer with value 3, consistent with what is defined in
      Section 14.1 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore].

   *  For 'gid_reuse', the Group Manager SHOULD use the CBOR simple
      value false (0xf4).

   *  For 'app_groups', the Group Manager SHOULD use the empty CBOR
      array.

   *  For 'group_policies', the Group Manager SHOULD use the default
      values defined in Section 6.3 of
      [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore].

6.  Interactions with the Group Manager

   This section describes the operations that are possible to perform on
   the group-collection resource and the group-configuration resources
   at the Group Manager.

   For each operation, it is defined whether that operation is required
   or optional to support for the Group Manager and an Administrator.
   If the Group Manager supports an operation, then the Group Manager
   must be able to correctly handle authorized and valid requests sent
   by the Administrator to carry out that operation.  If the Group
   Manager receives an authorized and valid request to perform an
   operation that it does not support, then the Group Manager MUST
   respond with a 5.01 (Not Implemented) response.

   When checking the scope claim of a stored Access Token to verify that
   any of the requests defined in the following is authorized, the Group
   Manager only considers scope entries expressing permissions for
   administrative operations, namely "admin scope entries" as defined in
   Section 3.  The alternative "user scope entries" defined in
   [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore] are not considered.  That is,
   when handling any of the requests for administrative operations
   defined in the following, the Group Manager ignores possible "user
   scope entries" specified in the scope of a stored access token.

   The Content-Format in messages containing a payload is set to
   application/ace-groupcomm+cbor, defined in Section 11.2 of
   [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm].  Furthermore, the entry labels defined
   in Section 7 of this document MUST be used when specifying the
   corresponding configuration and status parameters.

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6.1.  Retrieve the Full List of Group Configurations

   This operation MUST be supported by the Group Manager and an
   Administrator.

   The Administrator can send a GET request to the group-collection
   resource, in order to retrieve a list of the existing OSCORE groups
   at the Group Manager.  This is returned as a list of links to the
   corresponding group-configuration resources.

   The Group Manager MUST prepare the list L to include in the response
   as follows.  For each group-configuration resource R:

   1.  The Group Manager considers the group name GROUPNAME of the
       OSCORE group associated with R.

   2.  The Group Manager retrieves the stored Access Token for the
       Administrator.  Then, it checks whether GROUPNAME matches with
       the group name pattern specified in any scope entry of the
       'scope' claim in the Access Token.

   3.  The link to the group-configuration resource R is added to the
       list L only in case of a positive match.

   An example of message exchange is shown below.

   => 0.01 GET
      Uri-Path: manage

   <= 2.05 Content
      Content-Format: 40 (application/link-format)

      Payload:

      <coap://[2001:db8::ab]/manage/gp1>;rt="core.osc.gconf",
      <coap://[2001:db8::ab]/manage/gp2>;rt="core.osc.gconf",
      <coap://[2001:db8::ab]/manage/gp3>;rt="core.osc.gconf"

6.2.  Retrieve a List of Group Configurations by Filters

   This operation MUST be supported by the Group Manager and MAY be
   supported by an Administrator.

   The Administrator can send a FETCH request to the group-collection
   resource, in order to retrieve a list of the existing OSCORE groups
   that fully match a set of specified filter criteria.  This is
   returned as a list of links to the corresponding group-configuration
   resources.

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   The filter criteria are specified in the request payload as a CBOR
   map, whose possible entries are specified in Section 5.1 and use the
   same abbreviations defined in Section 7.

   Entry values are the ones admitted for the corresponding labels in
   the POST request for creating a group configuration (see
   Section 6.3), with the exception that the parameter 'group_name' (if
   present) can also be encoded as a tagged CBOR data item, specifying a
   group name pattern with the semantics signaled by the CBOR tag.

   In such a case, the parameter 'group_name' expresses a group name
   pattern in the same way as a complex pattern Toid does in a scope
   entry (see Section 3).  In particular, the filter criterion is
   satisfied by any group name that matches with the group name pattern
   specified by the parameter 'group_name' in the payload of the FETCH
   request.

   The Group Manager MUST prepare the list L to include in the response
   as follows.

   1.  The Group Manager prepares a preliminary version of the list L,
       as specified in Section 6.1 for the processing of a GET request
       to the group-collection resource.

   2.  The Group Manager applies the filter criteria specified in the
       FETCH request to the list L from the previous step.  The result
       is the list L to include in the response.

   An example of message exchange is shown below.

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   => 0.05 FETCH
      Uri-Path: manage
      Content-Format: CT_TBD (application/ace-groupcomm+cbor)

      Payload:

      {
          "group_mode" : true,
          "gp_enc_alg" : 10,
                "hkdf" : 5
      }

   <= 2.05 Content
      Content-Format: 40 (application/link-format)

      Payload:

      <coap://[2001:db8::ab]/manage/gp1>;rt="core.osc.gconf",
      <coap://[2001:db8::ab]/manage/gp2>;rt="core.osc.gconf",
      <coap://[2001:db8::ab]/manage/gp3>;rt="core.osc.gconf"

   The following, additional example considers a request payload that
   uses both configuration parameters and status parameters as filter
   criteria.  In particular, the following is assumed.

   *  In the URI of every group-configuration resource, the path
      component is /manage/GROUPNAME, where GROUPNAME is the group name
      of the associated OSCORE group.

   *  The Group Manager hosts four group-configuration resources, for
      the OSCORE groups with names "gp4", "gp5", "gp6", and "foo".  All
      the OSCORE groups use the AEAD Algorithm AES-CCM-16-64-128 (COSE
      algorithm encoding: 10).  Also, all the OSCORE groups are
      currently active, except for "gp6".

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   => 0.05 FETCH
      Uri-Path: manage
      Content-Format: CT_TBD (application/ace-groupcomm+cbor)

      Payload:

      {
          "gp_enc_alg" : 10,
          "group_name" : 21065("^gp[0-9]*$"),
              "active" : true
      }

   <= 2.05 Content
      Content-Format: 40 (application/link-format)

      Payload:

      <coap://[2001:db8::ab]/manage/gp4>;rt="core.osc.gconf",
      <coap://[2001:db8::ab]/manage/gp5>;rt="core.osc.gconf"

6.3.  Create a New Group Configuration

   This operation MUST be supported by the Group Manager and an
   Administrator.

   The Administrator can send a POST request to the group-collection
   resource, in order to create a new OSCORE group at the Group Manager.
   The request MUST specify the intended group name GROUPNAME, and MAY
   specify the intended group title together with pieces of information
   concerning the group configuration.

   The request payload is a CBOR map, whose possible entries are
   specified in Section 5.1 and use the same abbreviations defined in
   Section 7.  In particular:

   *  The payload MAY include any of the configuration parameters
      defined in Section 5.1.1.

   *  The payload MUST include the status parameter 'group_name' defined
      in Section 5.1.2 and specifying the intended group name encoded as
      a CBOR text string.

   *  The payload MAY include any of the status parameters 'active',
      'group_description', 'max_stale_sets', 'exp', 'gid_reuse',
      'app_groups', 'group_policies', and 'as_uri' defined in
      Section 5.1.2.

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   *  The payload MUST NOT include any of the status parameters 'rt',
      'ace_groupcomm_profile', and 'joining_uri' defined in
      Section 5.1.2.

   Consistently with what is defined at step 4 of Section 4, the Group
   Manager MUST check whether the group name specified in the
   'group_name' parameter matches with the group name pattern specified
   in any scope entry of the 'scope' claim in the stored Access Token
   for the Administrator.  In case of a positive match, the Group
   Manager MUST check whether the permission set in the found scope
   entry specifies the permission "Create".

   If the verification above fails (i.e., there are no matching scope
   entries specifying the "Create" permission), the Group Manager MUST
   reply with a 4.03 (Forbidden) error response.

   If the group configuration to be created would include parameter
   values that prevent the Group Manager from performing the operations
   defined in [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore] (e.g., due to the
   Group Manager not supporting a format of authentication credentials),
   the Group Manager MUST respond with a 5.03 (Service Unavailable)
   response.  The response MUST have Content-Format set to application/
   concise-problem-details+cbor [RFC9290] and is formatted as defined in
   Section 4.1.2 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm].  Within the Custom
   Problem Detail entry 'ace-groupcomm-error', the value of the 'error-
   id' field MUST be set to 12 ("Unsupported group configuration"), and
   the 'detail' field SHOULD be included in order to provide additional
   context.

   Otherwise, if any of the following occurs, the Group Manager MUST
   respond with a 4.00 (Bad Request) response.

   *  Any of the received parameters is not recognized, or not valid, or
      not consistent with respect to other related parameters.  In
      particular, the value of the status parameter 'exp' (if present)
      is not valid if the indicated expiration date is not in the
      future.

   *  The Group Manager does not trust the Authorization Server with URI
      specified in the 'as_uri' parameter, and has no alternative
      Authorization Server to consider for the OSCORE group to create.

   After a successful processing of the POST request, the Group Manager
   performs the following actions.

   If the 'group_name' parameter specifies the group name of an already
   existing OSCORE group, the Group Manager MUST try to determine an
   alternative name for the new OSCORE group to create.

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   In addition to that, the final decision about the name assigned to
   the new OSCORE group is always of the Group Manager, which may have
   more constraints than the Administrator can be aware of, possibly
   beyond the availability of suggested names.  For example, the Group
   Manager may specifically want to use a randomized character string as
   the name of a newly created group.

   If the Group Manager has selected a name GROUPNAME different from the
   name GROUPNAME* indicated in the parameter 'group_name' of the
   request, then the following conditions MUST hold.

   *  The chosen name GROUPNAME is available to assign; and

   *  With reference to the 'scope' claim in the stored Access Token for
      the Administrator, let us define PERM* as the union of the
      permission sets associated with the scope entries such that
      GROUPNAME* matches with the specified group name pattern.  Also,
      let us define PERM as the union of the permission sets associated
      with the scope entries such that GROUPNAME matches with the
      specified group name pattern.  Then, PERM and PERM* MUST be equal.

   If the Group Manager does not manage to determine a group name for
   which both the above conditions hold, the Group Manager MUST respond
   with a 5.03 (Service Unavailable) response.  The response MUST have
   Content-Format set to application/concise-problem-details+cbor
   [RFC9290] and is formatted as defined in Section 4.1.2 of
   [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm].  Within the Custom Problem Detail entry
   'ace-groupcomm-error', the value of the 'error-id' field MUST be set
   to 11 ("Unable to determine a group name").

   Otherwise, the Group Manager creates a new group-configuration
   resource, accessible to the Administrator at /manage/GROUPNAME, where
   GROUPNAME is the name of the OSCORE group as either indicated in the
   parameter 'group_name' of the request or uniquely assigned by the
   Group Manager.  The group-collection resource is also accordingly
   updated.

   The operation of creating the new group-configuration resource and
   accordingly updating the group-collection resource MUST be atomic.

   The value of the status parameter 'rt' is set to "core.osc.gconf".
   The values of other parameters specified in the request are used as
   group configuration information for the newly created OSCORE group.

   If the request specifies the parameter 'gid_reuse' encoding the CBOR
   simple value true (0xf5) and the Group Manager does not support the
   reassignment of OSCORE Group ID values (see Section 3.2.1.1 of
   [I-D.ietf-core-oscore-groupcomm] and Section 11 of

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   [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore]), then the Group Manager sets the
   value of the 'gid_reuse' status parameter in the group-configuration
   resource to the CBOR simple value false (0xf4).

   For each parameter not specified in the request, the Group Manager
   refers to the default values specified in Section 5.2.

   After that, the Group Manager creates a new group-membership resource
   accessible at /ace-group/GROUPNAME to nodes that want to join the
   OSCORE group, as specified in Section 6.1 of
   [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore].  Note that such group
   membership-resource comprises a number of sub-resources intended to
   current group members, as defined in Section 4.1 of
   [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm] and Section 8 of
   [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore].

   From then on, the Group Manager will rely on the current group
   configuration to build the Join Response message defined in
   Section 6.3 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore], when handling the
   joining of a new group member.  Furthermore, the Group Manager
   generates the following pieces of information, and assigns them to
   the newly created OSCORE group:

   *  The OSCORE Master Secret.

   *  The OSCORE Master Salt (optionally).

   *  The Group ID, used as OSCORE ID Context, which MUST be unique
      within the set of OSCORE groups under the Group Manager.

   Finally, the Group Manager replies to the Administrator with a 2.01
   (Created) response.  The Location-Path option MUST be included in the
   response, indicating the location of the just created group-
   configuration resource.  The response MUST NOT include a Location-
   Query option.

   The response payload specifies the parameters 'group_name',
   'joining_uri', and 'as_uri', from the status properties of the newly
   created OSCORE group (see Section 5.1), as detailed below.

   The response payload is a CBOR map, where entries use the same
   abbreviations defined in Section 7.

   *  'group_name', with value the group name of the OSCORE group.  This
      value can be different from the group name possibly specified by
      the Administrator in the POST request, and reflects the final
      choice of the Group Manager as 'group_name' status property for
      the OSCORE group.  This parameter MUST be included.

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   *  'joining_uri', with value the URI of the group-membership resource
      for joining the newly created OSCORE group.  This parameter MUST
      be included.

   *  'as_uri', with value the URI of the Authorization Server
      associated with the Group Manager for the newly created OSCORE
      group.  This parameter MUST be included.  Its value can be
      different from the URI possibly specified by the Administrator in
      the POST request, and reflects the final choice of the Group
      Manager as 'as_uri' status property for the OSCORE group.

   If the POST request specified the parameter 'gid_reuse' encoding the
   CBOR simple value true (0xf5) but the Group Manager has set the value
   of the 'gid_reuse' status parameter in the group-configuration
   resource to the CBOR simple value false (0xf4), then the response
   payload MUST include also the parameter 'gid_reuse' encoding the CBOR
   simple value false (0xf4).

   If the POST request did not specify certain parameters and the Group
   Manager used default values different from the ones recommended in
   Section 5.2, then the response payload MUST also include those
   parameters, specifying the values chosen by the Group Manager for the
   current group configuration.

   The Group Manager can register the link to the group-membership
   resource with URI specified in 'joining_uri' to a Resource Directory
   [RFC9176], as defined in Section 2 of
   [I-D.tiloca-core-oscore-discovery].  The Group Manager considers the
   current group configuration when specifying additional information
   for the link to register.

   Alternatively, the Administrator can perform the registration in the
   Resource Directory on behalf of the Group Manager, acting as
   Commissioning Tool.  The Administrator considers the following when
   specifying additional information for the link to register.

   *  The name of the OSCORE group MUST take the value specified in
      'group_name' from the 2.01 (Created) response.

   *  The names of the application groups using the OSCORE group MUST
      take the values possibly specified by the elements of the
      'app_groups' parameter in the POST request.

   *  If also registering a related link to the Authorization Server
      associated with the OSCORE group, the related link MUST have as
      link target the URI in 'as_uri' from the 2.01 (Created) response.

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   *  As to every other information element describing the current group
      configuration, the following applies.

      -  If a certain parameter was specified in the POST request, the
         Administrator MUST use either the value specified in the 2.01
         (Created) response, if the Group Manager specified one, or the
         value specified in the POST request otherwise.

      -  If a certain parameter was not specified in the POST request,
         the Administrator MUST use either the value specified in the
         2.01 (Created) response, if the Group Manager specified one, or
         the corresponding default value recommended in Section 5.2.1
         otherwise.

   Note that, compared to the Group Manager, the Administrator is less
   likely to remain closely aligned with possible changes and updates
   that would require a prompt update to the registration in the
   Resource Directory.  This applies especially to the address of the
   Group Manager, as well as the URI of the group-membership resource or
   of the Authorization Server associated with the Group Manager.

   Therefore, it is RECOMMENDED that registrations of links to group-
   membership resources in the Resource Directory are made (and possibly
   updated) directly by the Group Manager, rather than by the
   Administrator.

   An example of message exchange is shown below.

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   => 0.02 POST
      Uri-Path: manage
      Content-Format: CT_TBD (application/ace-groupcomm+cbor)

      Payload:

      {
               "gp_enc_alg" : 10,
                     "hkdf" : 5,
            "pairwise_mode" : true,
                   "active" : true,
               "group_name" : "gp4",
        "group_description" : "rooms 1 and 2",
               "app_groups" : ["room1", "room2"],
                   "as_uri" : "coap://as.example.com/token"
      }

   <= 2.01 Created
      Location-Path: manage
      Location-Path: gp4
      Content-Format: CT_TBD (application/ace-groupcomm+cbor)

      Payload:

      {
         "group_name" : "gp4",
        "joining_uri" : "coap://[2001:db8::ab]/ace-group/gp4/",
             "as_uri" : "coap://as.example.com/token"
      }

6.4.  Retrieve a Group Configuration

   This operation MUST be supported by the Group Manager and an
   Administrator.

   The Administrator can send a GET request to the group-configuration
   resource manage/GROUPNAME associated with an OSCORE group with group
   name GROUPNAME, in order to retrieve the complete current
   configuration of that group.

   Consistently with what is defined at step 4 of Section 4, the Group
   Manager MUST check whether GROUPNAME matches with the group name
   pattern specified in any scope entry of the 'scope' claim in the
   stored Access Token for the Administrator.  In case of a positive
   match, the Group Manager MUST check whether the permission set in the
   found scope entry specifies the permission "Read".

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   If the verification above fails (i.e., there are no matching scope
   entries specifying the "Read" permission), the Group Manager MUST
   reply with a 4.03 (Forbidden) error response.

   Otherwise, after a successful processing of the GET request, the
   Group Manager replies to the Administrator with a 2.05 (Content)
   response.  The response has as payload the representation of the
   group configuration as specified in Section 5.1.  The exact content
   of the payload reflects the current configuration of the OSCORE
   group.  This includes both configuration properties and status
   properties.

   The response payload is a CBOR map, whose possible entries are
   specified in Section 5.1 and use the same abbreviations defined in
   Section 7.

   An example of message exchange is shown below.

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  => 0.01 GET
     Uri-Path: manage
     Uri-Path: gp4

  <= 2.05 Content
     Content-Format: CT_TBD (application/ace-groupcomm+cbor)

     Payload:

     {
                        "hkdf" : 5,
                    "cred_fmt" : 33,
                  "group_mode" : true,
                  "gp_enc_alg" : 10,
                    "sign_alg" : -8,
                 "sign_params" : [[1], [1, 6]],
               "pairwise_mode" : true,
                         "alg" : 10,
                    "ecdh_alg" : -27,
                 "ecdh_params" : [[1], [1, 6]],
                     "det_req" : false,
                          "rt" : "core.osc.gconf",
                      "active" : true,
                  "group_name" : "gp4",
           "group_description" : "rooms 1 and 2",
       "ace_groupcomm_profile" : "coap_group_oscore_app",
              "max_stale_sets" : 3,
                         "exp" : 1360289224,
                   "gid_reuse" : false,
                  "app_groups" : ["room1", "room2"],
                 "joining_uri" : "coap://[2001:db8::ab]/ace-group/gp4/",
                      "as_uri" : "coap://as.example.com/token"
     }

6.5.  Retrieve Part of a Group Configuration by Filters

   This operation MUST be supported by the Group Manager and MAY be
   supported by an Administrator.

   The Administrator can send a FETCH request to the group-configuration
   resource manage/GROUPNAME associated with an OSCORE group with group
   name GROUPNAME, in order to retrieve part of the current
   configuration of that group.

   The request payload is a CBOR map, which contains the following
   field:

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   *  'conf_filter', encoded as a CBOR array.  Each element of the array
      specifies one requested configuration parameter or status
      parameter of the current group configuration (see Section 5.1),
      encoded with the corresponding CBOR abbreviation defined in
      Section 7.

   The Group Manager MUST perform the same authorization checks defined
   for the processing of a GET request to a group-configuration resource
   in Section 6.4.  That is, the Group Manager MUST verify that the
   Administrator has been granted a "Read" permission applicable to the
   targeted group-configuration resource.

   After a successful processing of the FETCH request, the Group Manager
   replies to the Administrator with a 2.05 (Content) response.  The
   response has as payload a partial representation of the group
   configuration (see Section 5.1).  The exact content of the payload
   reflects the current configuration of the OSCORE group, and is
   limited to the configuration properties and status properties
   requested by the Administrator in the FETCH request.

   The response payload includes the requested configuration parameters
   and status parameters, and is formatted as in the response payload of
   a GET request to a group-configuration resource (see Section 6.4).
   If the request payload specifies a parameter that is not included in
   the group configuration, then the response payload MUST NOT include a
   corresponding parameter.

   An example of message exchange is shown below.

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   => 0.05 FETCH
      Uri-Path: manage
      Uri-Path: gp4
      Content-Format: CT_TBD (application/ace-groupcomm+cbor)

      Payload:

      {
        "conf_filter" : ["gp_enc_alg",
                         "hkdf",
                         "pairwise_mode",
                         "active",
                         "group_description",
                         "app_groups"]
      }

   <= 2.05 Content
      Content-Format: CT_TBD (application/ace-groupcomm+cbor)

      Payload:

      {
               "gp_enc_alg" : 10,
                     "hkdf" : 5,
            "pairwise_mode" : true,
                   "active" : true,
        "group_description" : "rooms 1 and 2",
               "app_groups" : ["room1", "room2"]
      }

6.6.  Overwrite a Group Configuration

   This operation MAY be supported by the Group Manager and an
   Administrator.

   The Administrator can send a PUT request to the group-configuration
   resource manage/GROUPNAME associated with an OSCORE group with group
   name GROUPNAME, in order to overwrite the current configuration of
   that group with a new one.

   The payload of the request has the same format of the POST request
   defined in Section 6.3, with the exception that the configuration
   parameters 'group_mode' and 'pairwise_mode' as well as the status
   parameters 'group_name' and 'gid_reuse' MUST NOT be included.

   The error handling for the PUT request is the same as for the POST
   request defined in Section 6.3, with the following difference in
   terms of authorization checks.

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   Consistently with what is defined at step 4 of Section 4, the Group
   Manager MUST check whether GROUPNAME matches with the group name
   pattern specified in any scope entry of the 'scope' claim in the
   stored Access Token for the Administrator.  In case of a positive
   match, the Group Manager MUST check whether the permission set in the
   found scope entry specifies the permission "Write".

   If the verification above fails (i.e., there are no matching scope
   entries specifying the "Write" permission), the Group Manager MUST
   reply with a 4.03 (Forbidden) error response.

   If the group-configuration resource targeted by the PUT request does
   not currently exist, then the Group Manager MUST NOT create the
   resource and MUST reply with a 4.04 (Not Found) error response.

   If the updated group configuration would include parameter values
   that prevent the Group Manager from performing the operations defined
   in [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore] (e.g., due to the Group
   Manager not supporting a format of authentication credentials), the
   Group Manager MUST respond with a 5.03 (Service Unavailable)
   response.  The response MUST have Content-Format set to application/
   concise-problem-details+cbor [RFC9290] and is formatted as defined in
   Section 4.1.2 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm].  Within the Custom
   Problem Detail entry 'ace-groupcomm-error', the value of the 'error-
   id' field MUST be set to 12 ("Unsupported group configuration"), and
   the 'detail' field SHOULD be included in order to provide additional
   context.

   If no error occurs and the PUT request is successfully processed, the
   Group Manager performs the following actions.

   First, the Group Manager updates the group-configuration resource,
   consistently with the values indicated in the PUT request from the
   Administrator.  When doing so, the configuration parameters
   'group_mode' and 'pairwise_mode' as well as the status parameters
   'group_name' and 'gid_reuse' MUST remain unchanged.

   For each other parameter not specified in the PUT request, the Group
   Manager MUST use default values as specified in Section 5.2.  Note
   that the default value recommended for the status parameter 'active'
   is the CBOR simple value false (0xf4).  Therefore, if the
   Administrator intends to preserve the current status of the group as
   active, then the payload of the PUT request has to include the
   parameter 'active' specifying the CBOR simple value true (0xf5).

   When updating the group-configuration resource, the corresponding
   group-membership resource is also accordingly updated.  The
   overwriting of such two resources MUST be atomic.

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   If a new value N' is specified for the 'max_stale_sets' status
   parameter and N' is smaller than the current value N, the Group
   Manager preserves the (up to) N' most recent sets of stale OSCORE
   Sender IDs associated with the group, and deletes any possible older
   set (see Section 7.1 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore]).

   From then on, the Group Manager relies on the latest updated
   configuration to build the Join Response message defined in
   Section 6.3 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore], when handling the
   joining of a new group member.  Similarly, the Group Manager relies
   on the new group configuration when building responses specifying
   (part of) the group configuration to a current group member.  For
   instance, this applies when a group member retrieves from the Group
   Manager the updated group keying material (see Section 9.1 of
   [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore]) or the current group status (see
   Section 9.9 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore]).

   Then, the Group Manager replies to the Administrator with a 2.04
   (Changed) response.  The payload of the response has the same format
   of the 2.01 (Created) response defined in Section 6.3.

   If the PUT request did not specify certain parameters and the Group
   Manager used default values different from the ones recommended in
   Section 5.2, then the response payload MUST include also those
   parameters, specifying the values chosen by the Group Manager for the
   current group configuration.

   If the link to the group-membership resource was registered in the
   Resource Directory [RFC9176], the Group Manager is responsible to
   refresh the registration, as defined in Section 3 of
   [I-D.tiloca-core-oscore-discovery].

   Alternatively, the Administrator can update the registration in the
   Resource Directory on behalf of the Group Manager, acting as
   Commissioning Tool.  The Administrator considers the following when
   specifying additional information for the link to update.

   *  The name of the OSCORE group MUST take the value specified in
      'group_name' from the 2.04 (Changed) response.

   *  The names of the application groups using the OSCORE group MUST
      take the values possibly specified by the elements of the
      'app_groups' parameter in the PUT request.

   *  If also registering a related link to the Authorization Server
      associated with the OSCORE group, the related link MUST have as
      link target the URI in 'as_uri' from the 2.04 (Changed) response.

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   *  As to every other information element describing the current group
      configuration, the following applies.

      -  If a certain parameter was specified in the PUT request, the
         Administrator MUST use either the value specified in the 2.04
         (Changed) response, if the Group Manager specified one, or the
         value specified in the PUT request otherwise.

      -  If a certain parameter was not specified in the PUT request,
         the Administrator MUST use either the value specified in the
         2.04 (Changed) response, if the Group Manager specified one, or
         the corresponding default value recommended in Section 5.2.1
         otherwise.

   As discussed in Section 6.3, it is RECOMMENDED that registrations of
   links to group-membership resources in the Resource Directory are
   made (and possibly updated) directly by the Group Manager, rather
   than by the Administrator.

   An example of message exchange is shown below.

   => 0.03 PUT
      Uri-Path: manage
      Uri-Path: gp4
      Content-Format: CT_TBD (application/ace-groupcomm+cbor)

      Payload:

      {
          "gp_enc_alg" : 11,
                "hkdf" : 5
      }

   <= 2.04 Changed
      Content-Format: CT_TBD (application/ace-groupcomm+cbor)

      Payload:

      {
         "group_name" : "gp4",
        "joining_uri" : "coap://[2001:db8::ab]/ace-group/gp4/",
             "as_uri" : "coap://as.example.com/token"
      }

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6.6.1.  Effects on Joining Nodes

   After having overwritten a group configuration, if the value of the
   status parameter 'active' is changed from true (0xf5) to false
   (0xf4), the Group Manager MUST stop admitting new members in the
   OSCORE group.  In particular, until the status parameter 'active' is
   changed back to true (0xf5), the Group Manager MUST respond to a Join
   Request with a 5.03 (Service Unavailable) response, as defined in
   Section 6.2 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore].

   If the value of the status parameter 'active' is changed from false
   (0xf4) to true (0xf5), the Group Manager resumes admitting new
   members in the OSCORE group, by processing their Join Requests (see
   Section 6.2 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore]).

6.6.2.  Effects on the Group Members

   After having overwritten a group configuration, the Group Manager
   informs the members of the OSCORE group, over the pairwise secure
   communication channels established when joining the group (see
   Section 6 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore]).

   To this end, the Group Manager can individually target the
   'control_uri' URI of each group member (see Section 4.3.1 of
   [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm]), if provided by the intended recipient
   upon joining the OSCORE group (see Section 6.1 of
   [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore]).  Such messages sent by the
   Group Manager to each group member MUST have Content-Format set to
   application/ace-groupcomm+cbor, and MUST be formatted as the Join
   Response defined in Section 6.3 of
   [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore], with the following differences.

   *  Only the parameters 'gkty', 'key', 'num', 'exp', and
      'ace_groupcomm_profile' are present.

   *  The 'key' parameter includes only the following parameters, with
      values reflecting the new configuration of the OSCORE group.

      -  'hkdf' and 'cred_fmt'.

      -  'sign_enc_alg', 'sign_alg', and 'sign_params', only in case the
         configuration parameter 'group_mode' in the group-configuration
         resource has value true (0xf5), i.e., the OSCORE group uses the
         group mode of Group OSCORE.

         Editor's note: as per the text above, the referred version of
         [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore] still uses 'sign_enc_alg'
         as parameter name.  The next version of

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         [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore] will be updated in order to
         use 'gp_enc_alg' instead, as already done for this document and
         consistently with the naming used in the latest version of
         [I-D.ietf-core-oscore-groupcomm].

      -  'alg', 'ecdh_alg', and 'ecdh_params', only in case the
         configuration parameter 'pairwise_mode' in the group-
         configuration resource has value true (0xf5), i.e., the OSCORE
         group uses the pairwise mode of Group OSCORE.

      -  'det_hash_alg' defined in Section 4 of
         [I-D.amsuess-core-cachable-oscore], only in case the
         configuration parameter 'det_req' is present with value true
         (0xf5), and specifying the Hash Algorithm used in the OSCORE
         group when producing deterministic requests, as defined in
         [I-D.amsuess-core-cachable-oscore].

   Alternatively, group members can obtain the information above by
   accessing the group-membership resource associated with the OSCORE
   group (see Section 9.1 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore]),
   optionally by subscribing for updates to such a resource, e.g., by
   using CoAP Observe [RFC7641].

   When receiving such information, each group member uses it to update
   the corresponding parameters in the Group OSCORE Security Context of
   the group in question (see Section 2 of
   [I-D.ietf-core-oscore-groupcomm].  If any of 'sign_enc_alg',
   'sign_alg', 'alg', and 'ecdh_alg' has as value the CBOR simple value
   null (0xf6), then the corresponding parameter in the Group OSCORE
   Security Context becomes unset if it is not already.  According to
   the new parameter values, each group member derives new Sender/
   Recipient Keys, a new Common IV, and new Pairwise Keys.  When doing
   so, a group member MUST NOT reset the Sender Sequence Number in its
   Sender Context or reset the Replay Window in its Recipient Contexts.

   Editor's note: as per the text above, the referred version of
   [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore] still uses 'sign_enc_alg' as
   parameter name.  The next version of
   [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore] will be updated in order to use
   'gp_enc_alg' instead, as already done for this document and
   consistently with the naming used in the latest version of
   [I-D.ietf-core-oscore-groupcomm].

   The following holds when the value of specific parameters is updated.

   *  If the value of the status parameter 'active' is changed from true
      (0xf5) to false (0xf4):

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      -  The Group Manager MUST stop accepting requests for new
         individual keying material from current group members (see
         Section 9.2 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore]), until the
         status parameter 'active' is changed back to true (0xf5).
         Until then, the Group Manager MUST respond to a Key Renewal
         Request with a 5.03 (Service Unavailable) response, as defined
         in Section 9.2 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore].

      -  The Group Manager MUST stop accepting updated authentication
         credentials uploaded by current group members (see Section 9.4
         of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore]), until the status
         parameter 'active' is changed back to true (0xf5).  Until then,
         the Group Manager MUST respond to an Authentication Credential
         Update Request with a 5.03 (Service Unavailable) response, as
         defined in Section 9.4 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore].

   *  Every group member, upon learning that the OSCORE group has been
      deactivated (i.e., 'active' has value false (0xf4)), SHOULD stop
      communicating in the group.

      Every group member, upon learning that the OSCORE group has been
      reactivated (i.e., 'active' has value true (0xf5) again), can
      resume communicating in the group.

   *  If the value of 'gp_enc_alg' and/or 'alg' is changed, the Group
      Manager determines the new maximum size NEW_MAX_SIZE that can be
      used for the OSCORE Sender IDs of the group members, based on the
      size of the AEAD nonce of such algorithms (see Section 2.2 of
      [I-D.ietf-core-oscore-groupcomm]).  In case NEW_MAX_SIZE is
      strictly smaller than the old, maximum size of the OSCORE Sender
      IDs used in the OSCORE group, the Group Manager MUST proceed as
      follows.

      -  The Group Manager checks if any of the current group members
         has an OSCORE Sender ID whose size is strictly larger than
         NEW_MAX_SIZE.

      -  If any of such group members is found, the Group Manager MUST
         evict them from the OSCORE group.  That is, the Group Manager
         MUST terminate their membership and MUST rekey the group in
         such a way that the new keying material is not provided to
         those evicted members.  This also includes adding their
         relinquished Sender IDs to the most recent set of stale Sender
         IDs for the OSCORE group (see Section 7.1 of
         [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore]), before rekeying the
         group.  Such evicted group members can rejoin the OSCORE group,
         thus obtaining the new group keying material together with a
         new, valid OSCORE Sender ID.

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   *  Every group member, upon receiving updated values for 'hkdf',
      'sign_enc_alg', and 'alg', MUST either:

      -  Leave the OSCORE group (see Section 9.11 of
         [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore]), e.g., if not supporting
         the indicated new algorithms; or

      -  Remain in the OSCORE group and use the Group OSCORE Security
         Context after having updated it as defined above.

      Editor's note: as per the text above, the referred version of
      [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore] still uses 'sign_enc_alg' as
      parameter name.  The next version of
      [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore] will be updated in order to
      use 'gp_enc_alg' instead, as already done for this document and
      consistently with the naming used in the latest version of
      [I-D.ietf-core-oscore-groupcomm].

   *  Every group member, upon receiving updated values for 'cred_fmt',
      'sign_alg', 'sign_params', 'ecdh_alg', and 'ecdh_params' MUST
      either:

      -  Leave the OSCORE group, e.g., if not supporting the indicated
         new format, algorithms, parameters, and encoding; or

      -  Leave the OSCORE group and rejoin it (see Section 6 of
         [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore]).  When rejoining the
         group, an authentication credential in the indicated format
         used in the OSCORE group MUST be provided to the Group Manager.
         The authentication credential as well as the included public
         key MUST be compatible with the indicated algorithms and
         parameters.

      -  Remain in the OSCORE group and use the Group OSCORE Security
         Context after having updated it as defined above, and, if
         required, perform the following actions.

         o  Provide the Group Manager with a new authentication
            credential to use in the OSCORE group (see Section 9.4 of
            [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore]).  The new
            authentication credential MUST be in the indicated format
            used in the OSCORE group.  The new authentication credential
            as well as the included public key MUST be compatible with
            the indicated algorithms and parameters.

            Consistently, the group member has to retrieve the new
            authentication credentials of other group members as they
            are uploaded to the Group Manager (see Section 9.3 of

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            [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore]).  In order to ensure
            the retrieval of latest authentication credentials that are
            consistent with the new group configuration, it is
            preferable that the group member retrieves such
            authentication credentials after a pre-configured time
            interval has elapsed since uploading its own authentication
            credential.  Later on, the group member will need to
            retrieve other group members' authentication credentials
            that it is still missing and that it needs for processing
            messages exchanged in the OSCORE group.

         o  Retrieve from the Group Manager the Group Manager's new
            authentication credential (see Section 9.5 of
            [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore]).  The new Group
            Manager's authentication credential is in the indicated
            format used in the OSCORE group.  The new authentication
            credential as well as the included public key are compatible
            with the indicated algorithms and parameters.

6.7.  Selective Update of a Group Configuration

   This operation MAY be supported by the Group Manager and an
   Administrator.

   The Administrator can send a PATCH/iPATCH request [RFC8132] to the
   group-configuration resource manage/GROUPNAME associated with an
   OSCORE group with group name GROUPNAME, in order to update the value
   of only part of the group configuration.

   The request payload has the same format of the PUT request defined in
   Section 6.6, with the difference that it MAY also specify names of
   application groups to be removed from or added to the 'app_groups'
   status parameter.  The names of such application groups are provided
   as defined below.

   The CBOR map in the request payload includes the field
   'app_groups_diff', whose CBOR abbreviation is defined in Section 7.
   This field is encoded as a CBOR array including the following two
   elements.

   *  The first element is a CBOR array, namely 'app_groups_del'.  Each
      of its elements is a CBOR text string, with value the name of an
      application group to remove from the 'app_groups' status
      parameter.

   *  The second element is a CBOR array, namely 'app_groups_add'.  Each
      of its elements is a CBOR text string, with value the name of an
      application group to add to the 'app_groups' status parameter.

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   The CDDL definition [RFC8610] of the CBOR array 'app_groups_diff'
   formatted as in the request from the Administrator is provided below.

      app-group-name = tstr
      name-patch = [* app-group-name]
      app_groups_diff = [app_groups_del: name-patch,
                         app_groups_add: name-patch]

          Figure 2: CDDL definition of the 'app_groups_diff' field

   The Group Manager MUST respond with a 4.00 (Bad Request) response in
   case: both the inner CBOR arrays 'app_groups_del' and
   'app_groups_add' are empty; or the CBOR map in the request payload
   includes both the 'app_groups' field and the 'app_groups_diff' field.

   The error handling for the PATCH/iPATCH request is the same as for
   the PUT request defined in Section 6.6, with the following additions.

   *  The set of group configuration parameters to update MUST NOT be
      empty.  That is, the Group Manager MUST respond with a 4.00 (Bad
      Request) response, if the request payload includes an empty CBOR
      map.

   *  If the Request-URI does not point to an existing group-
      configuration resource, the Group Manager MUST NOT create a new
      resource, and MUST respond with a 4.04 (Not Found) response.

   *  When applying the specified updated values would yield an
      inconsistent group configuration, the Group Manager MUST respond
      with a 4.09 (Conflict) response.

      The response MAY include the current representation of the group
      configuration resource, like when responding to a GET request as
      defined in Section 6.4.  Otherwise, the response SHOULD include a
      diagnostic payload with additional information for the
      Administrator to recognize the source of the conflict.

   *  When the request uses specifically the iPATCH method, the Group
      Manager MUST respond with a 4.00 (Bad Request) response, in case
      the CBOR map includes the parameter 'app_groups_diff'.

   Furthermore, the Group Manager MUST perform the same authorization
   checks defined for the processing of a PUT request to a group-
   configuration resource in Section 6.6.  That is, the Group Manager
   MUST verify that the Administrator has been granted a "Write"
   permission applicable to the targeted group-configuration resource.

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   If the updated group configuration would include parameter values
   that prevent the Group Manager from performing the operations defined
   in [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore] (e.g., due to the Group
   Manager not supporting a format of authentication credentials), the
   Group Manager MUST respond with a 5.03 (Service Unavailable)
   response.  The response MUST have Content-Format set to application/
   concise-problem-details+cbor [RFC9290] and is formatted as defined in
   Section 4.1.2 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm].  Within the Custom
   Problem Detail entry 'ace-groupcomm-error', the value of the 'error-
   id' field MUST be set to 12 ("Unsupported group configuration"), and
   the 'detail' field SHOULD be included in order to provide additional
   context.

   If no error occurs and the PATCH/iPATCH request is successfully
   processed, the Group Manager performs the following actions.

   First, the Group Manager updates the group-configuration resource,
   consistently with the values indicated in the PATCH/iPATCH request
   from the Administrator.  The corresponding group-membership resource
   is also accordingly updated.

   The operation of updating the group-configuration resource and
   accordingly updating the group-membership resource MUST be atomic.

   Unlike for the PUT request defined in Section 6.6, the Group Manager
   does not alter the value of configuration parameters and status
   parameters for which updated values are not specified in the request
   payload.  In particular, the Group Manager does not assign possible
   default values to those parameters.

   Special processing occurs when updating the 'app_groups' status
   parameter by difference, as defined below.  The Administrator should
   not expect the Group Manager to add or delete names of application
   group names according to any particular order.

   *  If the name of an application group to add (delete) is specified
      multiple times, the Group Manager considers it only once for
      addition to (deletion from) the 'app_groups' status parameter.

   *  If the name of an application group to delete is not present in
      the 'app_groups' status parameter before any change is applied,
      the Group Manager ignores that name.

   *  If the name of an application group to add is already present in
      the 'app_groups' status parameter before any change is applied,
      the Group Manager ignores that name.

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   *  The Group Manager deletes from the 'app_groups' status parameter
      the names of the application groups specified in the inner
      'app_groups_del' CBOR array of the 'app_groups_diff' field.

   *  The Group Manager adds to the 'app_groups' status parameter the
      names of the application groups specified in the inner
      'app_groups_add' CBOR array of the 'app_groups_diff' field.

   After having updated the group-configuration resource, from then on
   the Group Manager relies on the new group configuration to build the
   Join Response message defined in Section 6.3 of
   [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore], when handling the joining of a
   new group member.  Similarly, the Group Manager relies on the new
   group configuration when building responses specifying (part of) the
   group configuration to a current group member.  For instance, this
   applies when a group member retrieves from the Group Manager the
   updated group keying material (see Section 9.1 of
   [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore]) or the current group status (see
   Section 9.9 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore]).

   Finally, the Group Manager replies to the Administrator with a 2.04
   (Changed) response.  The payload of the response has the same format
   of the 2.01 (Created) response defined in Section 6.3.

   The same considerations as for the PUT request defined in Section 6.6
   hold also in this case, with respect to refreshing a possible
   registration of the link to the group-membership resource in the
   Resource Directory [RFC9176].

   An example of message exchange is shown below.

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   => 0.06 PATCH
      Uri-Path: manage
      Uri-Path: gp4
      Content-Format: CT_TBD (application/ace-groupcomm+cbor)

      Payload:

      {
             "gp_enc_alg" : 10,
        "app_groups_diff" : [["room1"],
                             ["room3", "room4"]]
      }

   <= 2.04 Changed
      Content-Format: CT_TBD (application/ace-groupcomm+cbor)

      Payload:

      {
         "group_name" : "gp4",
        "joining_uri" : "coap://[2001:db8::ab]/ace-group/gp4/",
             "as_uri" : "coap://as.example.com/token"
      }

6.7.1.  Effects on Joining Nodes

   After having selectively updated part of a group configuration, the
   effects on candidate joining nodes are the same as defined in
   Section 6.6.1 for the case of group configuration overwriting.

6.7.2.  Effects on the Group Members

   After having selectively updated part of a group configuration, the
   effects on the current group members are the same as defined in
   Section 6.6.2 for the case of group configuration overwriting.

6.8.  Delete a Group Configuration

   This operation MUST be supported by the Group Manager and an
   Administrator.

   The Administrator can send a DELETE request to the group-
   configuration resource manage/GROUPNAME associated with an OSCORE
   group with group name GROUPNAME, in order to delete that OSCORE
   group.

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   Consistently with what is defined at step 4 of Section 4, the Group
   Manager MUST check whether GROUPNAME matches with the group name
   pattern specified in any scope entry of the 'scope' claim in the
   stored Access Token for the Administrator.  In case of a positive
   match, the Group Manager MUST check whether the permission set in the
   found scope entry specifies the permission "Delete".

   If the verification above fails (i.e., there are no matching scope
   entries specifying the "Delete" permission), the Group Manager MUST
   reply with a 4.03 (Forbidden) error response.

   Otherwise, the Group Manager continues processing the request, which
   would be successful only on an inactive OSCORE group.  That is, the
   DELETE request actually yields a successful deletion of the OSCORE
   group only if the corresponding status parameter 'active' has current
   value false (0xf4).  The Administrator can ensure that, by first
   performing an update of the group-configuration resource associated
   with the OSCORE group (see Section 6.6), and setting the
   corresponding status parameter 'active' to false (0xf4).

   If, upon receiving the DELETE request, the current value of the
   status parameter 'active' is true (0xf5), the Group Manager MUST
   respond with a 4.09 (Conflict) response.  The response MUST have
   Content-Format set to application/concise-problem-details+cbor
   [RFC9290] and is formatted as defined in Section 4.1.2 of
   [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm].  Within the Custom Problem Detail entry
   'ace-groupcomm-error', the value of the 'error-id' field MUST be set
   to 10 ("Group currently active").

   After a successful processing of the DELETE request, the Group
   Manager performs the following actions.

   First, the Group Manager deletes the OSCORE group, deallocates both
   the group-configuration resource as well as the group-membership
   resource associated with that group, and accordingly updates the
   group-collection resource.

   The operation of deleting the group-configuration resource and the
   corresponding group-membership resource, as well as of accordingly
   updating the group-collection resource MUST be atomic.

   Then, the Group Manager replies to the Administrator with a 2.02
   (Deleted) response.

   An example of message exchange is shown below.

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   => 0.04 DELETE
      Uri-Path: manage
      Uri-Path: gp4

   <= 2.02 Deleted

6.8.1.  Effects on the Group Members

   After having deleted an OSCORE group, the Group Manager can inform
   the group members by means of the following two methods.  When
   contacting a group member, the Group Manager uses the pairwise secure
   communication association established with that member during its
   joining process (see Section 6 of
   [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore]).

   *  The Group Manager sends an individual request message to each
      group member, targeting the respective resource used to perform
      the group rekeying process (see Section 11.1 of
      [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore]).  The Group Manager uses the
      same format of the Join Response message in Section 6.3 of
      [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore], where only the parameters
      'gkty', 'key', and 'ace_groupcomm_profile' are present, and the
      'key' parameter is the empty CBOR map.

   *  A group member may subscribe for updates to the group-membership
      resource associated with the OSCORE group.  In particular, if this
      relies on CoAP Observe [RFC7641], a group member would receive a
      4.04 (Not Found) notification response from the Group Manager,
      since the group-configuration resource has been deallocated upon
      deleting the OSCORE group (see Section 6.1 of
      [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm]).  The response MUST have Content-
      Format set to application/concise-problem-details+cbor [RFC9290]
      and is formatted as defined in Section 4.1.2 of
      [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm].  Within the Custom Problem Detail
      entry 'ace-groupcomm-error', the value of the 'error-id' field
      MUST be set to 5 ("Group deleted").

   When being informed about the deletion of the OSCORE group, a group
   member deletes the OSCORE Security Context that it stores as
   associated with that group, and possibly deallocates any dedicated
   control resource intended for the Group Manager that it has for that
   group.

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7.  ACE Groupcomm Parameters

   In addition to what is defined in Section 8 of
   [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm], this document defines additional
   parameters used in the messages exchanged between the Administrator
   and the Group Manager (see Section 6).  The table below summarizes
   them and specifies the CBOR key to use instead of the full
   descriptive name.

   Note that the media type application/ace-groupcomm+cbor MUST be used
   when these parameters are transported in the respective message
   fields.

      +===================+==========+================+============+
      | Name              | CBOR Key | CBOR Type      | Reference  |
      +===================+==========+================+============+
      | hkdf              | -1       | tstr / int     | [RFC-XXXX] |
      +-------------------+----------+----------------+------------+
      | cred_fmt          | -2       | int            | [RFC-XXXX] |
      +-------------------+----------+----------------+------------+
      | group_mode        | -3       | simple value   | [RFC-XXXX] |
      +-------------------+----------+----------------+------------+
      | gp_enc_alg        | -4       | tstr / int /   | [RFC-XXXX] |
      |                   |          | simple value   |            |
      +-------------------+----------+----------------+------------+
      | sign_alg          | -5       | tstr / int /   | [RFC-XXXX] |
      |                   |          | simple value   |            |
      +-------------------+----------+----------------+------------+
      | sign_params       | -6       | array /        | [RFC-XXXX] |
      |                   |          | simple value   |            |
      +-------------------+----------+----------------+------------+
      | pairwise_mode     | -7       | simple value   | [RFC-XXXX] |
      +-------------------+----------+----------------+------------+
      | alg               | -8       | tstr / int /   | [RFC-XXXX] |
      |                   |          | simple value   |            |
      +-------------------+----------+----------------+------------+
      | ecdh_alg          | -9       | tstr / int /   | [RFC-XXXX] |
      |                   |          | simple value   |            |
      +-------------------+----------+----------------+------------+
      | ecdh_params       | -10      | array /        | [RFC-XXXX] |
      |                   |          | simple value   |            |
      +-------------------+----------+----------------+------------+
      | det_req           | -25      | simple value   | [RFC-XXXX] |
      +-------------------+----------+----------------+------------+
      | det_hash_alg      | -26      | tstr / int     | [RFC-XXXX] |
      +-------------------+----------+----------------+------------+
      | rt                | -11      | tstr           | [RFC-XXXX] |
      +-------------------+----------+----------------+------------+

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      | active            | -12      | simple value   | [RFC-XXXX] |
      +-------------------+----------+----------------+------------+
      | group_name        | -13      | tstr /         | [RFC-XXXX] |
      |                   |          | #6.<uint>(any) |            |
      +-------------------+----------+----------------+------------+
      | group_description | -14      | tstr /         | [RFC-XXXX] |
      |                   |          | simple value   |            |
      +-------------------+----------+----------------+------------+
      | max_stale_sets    | -15      | uint           | [RFC-XXXX] |
      +-------------------+----------+----------------+------------+
      | gid_reuse         | -16      | simple value   | [RFC-XXXX] |
      +-------------------+----------+----------------+------------+
      | app_groups        | -17      | array          | [RFC-XXXX] |
      +-------------------+----------+----------------+------------+
      | joining_uri       | -18      | tstr           | [RFC-XXXX] |
      +-------------------+----------+----------------+------------+
      | as_uri            | -19      | tstr           | [RFC-XXXX] |
      +-------------------+----------+----------------+------------+
      | conf_filter       | -27      | array          | [RFC-XXXX] |
      +-------------------+----------+----------------+------------+
      | app_groups_diff   | -28      | array          | [RFC-XXXX] |
      +-------------------+----------+----------------+------------+

                    Table 2: ACE Groupcomm Parameters

   The following holds for the Group Manager.

   *  It MUST support the parameters 'ace_groupcomm_profile', 'exp', and
      'group_policies', which are defined in Section 8 of
      [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm].

      This is consistent with what is defined in Section 8 of
      [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm] for the Key Distribution Center, of
      which the Group Manager defined in
      [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore] is a specific instance.

   *  It MUST support all the parameters listed in Table 2, with the
      exception of the 'app_groups_diff' parameter, which MUST be
      supported only if the Group Manager supports the selective update
      of a group configuration (see Section 6.7).

   The following holds for an Administrator.

   *  It MUST support the parameters 'ace_groupcomm_profile', 'exp', and
      'group_policies', which are defined in Section 8 of
      [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm].

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   *  It MUST support all the parameters listed in Table 2, with the
      following exceptions.

      -  'conf_filter', which MUST be supported only if the
         Administrator supports the partial retrieval of a group
         configuration by filters (see Section 6.5).

      -  'app_groups_diff' parameter, which MUST be supported only if
         the Administrator supports the selective update of a group
         configuration (see Section 6.7).

8.  ACE Groupcomm Error Identifiers

   In addition to what is defined in Section 9 of
   [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm], this document defines new values that
   the Group Manager can use as error identifiers.  These are used in
   error responses with Content-Format application/concise-problem-
   details+cbor [RFC9290], as values of the 'error-id' field within the
   Custom Problem Detail entry 'ace-groupcomm-error' (see Section 4.1.2
   of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm]).

         +=======+==================================+============+
         | Value | Description                      | Reference  |
         +=======+==================================+============+
         | 10    | Group currently active           | [RFC-XXXX] |
         +-------+----------------------------------+------------+
         | 11    | Unable to determine a group name | [RFC-XXXX] |
         +-------+----------------------------------+------------+
         | 12    | Unsupported group configuration  | [RFC-XXXX] |
         +-------+----------------------------------+------------+

                  Table 3: ACE Groupcomm Error Identifiers

   If the Administrator supports the problem-details format [RFC9290]
   and the Custom Problem Detail entry 'ace-groupcomm-error' defined in
   Section 4.1.2 of [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm], and is able to
   understand the error specified in the 'error-id' field therein, then
   the Administrator may use that information to determine what actions
   to take next.  If the Concise Problem Details data item specified in
   the error response includes the 'detail' entry and the Administrator
   supports it, such an entry may provide additional context.  In
   particular, the following guidelines apply.

   *  In case of error 10, the Administrator should stop sending the
      DELETE request to the Group Manager (see Section 6.8), until the
      group becomes inactive.  As per this document, this error is
      relevant only for the Administrator, if it tries to delete a group
      without having set its status to inactive first (see Section 6.8).

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      In such a case, the Administrator should take the expected course
      of actions, and set the group status to inactive first (see
      Section 6.6 and Section 6.7), before sending a new request of
      group deletion to the Group Manager.

   *  In case of error 11, the Administrator has the following options.

      -  The Administrator simply tries again later on.  The new POST
         request to the group-collection resource specifies the same
         group name originally suggested in the previous request that
         triggered the error response (see Section 6.3).  This option
         fundamentally relies on the Group Manager making the group name
         available again before the Administrator sends the new POST
         request.  Hence, this option is not viable if it is
         unacceptable for the Administrator to considerably or
         indefinitely postpone the creation of the new group.

      -  The Administrator sends a new POST request to the group-
         collection resource right away, specifying a different group
         name than the one suggested in the previous request that
         triggered the error response.

         In order to not inadvertently suggest a new group name that is
         already assigned to an existing OSCORE group, the Administrator
         can first retrieve the list of existing groups from the Group
         Manager, as defined in Section 6.1.  In the payload of the
         response from the Group Manager, each specified link indicates
         the name of an existing OSCORE group as the last segment of its
         url-path.

         The Administrator should choose the new group name GROUPNAME to
         suggest, in such a way that it does not renounce permissions
         that were granted per the old group name GROUPNAME*. This is
         the case if the following holds.

         With reference to the 'scope' claim of the Administrator's
         Access Token, let us define PERM* as the union of the
         permission sets associated with the scope entries such that
         GROUPNAME* matches with the specified group name pattern.
         Also, let us define PERM as the union of the permission sets
         associated with the scope entries such that GROUPNAME matches
         with the specified group name pattern.  Then, PERM specifies no
         fewer permissions than PERM*.

      -  The Administrator requests a new Access Token to the
         Authorization Server, in order to update its access rights, and
         have a new granted scope whose scope entries specify more and/
         or different group name patterns than the old Access Token.

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         After uploading the new Access Token to the Group Manager, the
         Administrator can send a new POST request to the group-
         collection resource.  When doing so, the Administrator suggests
         a new group name to the Group Manager, according to the same
         criteria discussed for the previous option.

   *  In case of error 12, the Administrator has the following options.

      -  If the Administrator has attempted to create a new group
         configuration (see Section 6.3), the Administrator can take
         into account what the Group Manager specifies in the 'detail'
         entry of the Concise Problem Details data item [RFC9290]
         specified in the error response, and send a new request to the
         Group Manager for accordingly creating the group configuration.

         This requires that the Administrator finds acceptable to create
         a group configuration different from the originally intended
         one.

      -  If the Administrator has attempted to overwrite (see
         Section 6.6) or selectively update (see Section 6.7) an
         existing group configuration, the Administrator can take into
         account what the Group Manager specifies in the 'detail' entry
         of the Concise Problem Details data item [RFC9290] specified in
         the error response, and send a new request to the Group Manager
         for accordingly overwriting or selectively updating the group
         configuration.

         This requires that the Administrator finds acceptable to
         overwrite or update the current group configuration differently
         than how it was originally intended.  If this is not
         attainable, the Administrator may decide to not take further
         actions and keep the current group configuration as is, or
         instead to delete the group configuration altogether (see
         Section 6.8).

9.  Security Considerations

   Security considerations are inherited from the ACE framework for
   Authentication and Authorization [RFC9200], and from the specific
   transport profile of ACE used between the Administrator and the Group
   Manager, such as [RFC9202] and [RFC9203].

   The same security considerations from [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm]
   and [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore] also apply, with particular
   reference to the process of rekeying OSCORE groups.

   Further security considerations are compiled below.

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9.1.  Change of Group Configuration

   With respect to changing group configurations, the following security
   considerations hold.

   *  A change of the current group configuration (see Section 6.6 and
      Section 6.7) might result in generating and distributing new group
      keying material, consistently with the newly enforced algorithms
      and related parameters.  In such a case, the Group Manager can
      perform a group rekeying as per Section 11 of
      [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore], or provide the new group
      keying material together with the new group configuration as per
      Section 6.6 and Section 6.7 of this document.

      After gaining knowledge of the new group configuration, current
      group members may also leave the OSCORE group and rejoin it, hence
      obtaining the new group configuration parameters and the up-to-
      date group keying material.  When this happens, the Group Manager
      SHOULD NOT repeatedly rekey the group upon the re-join of every
      current group member, each of which is identifiable by means of
      the secure association that it has with the Group Manager.

      Shortly following an update of group configuration, the Group
      Manager SHOULD prioritize the re-join of such current group
      members before processing Join Requests from new group members.

   *  Following the enforcement of a new group configuration, a group
      member might not deem it conducive to a sufficient security level
      (e.g., in terms of security algorithms and related parameters).
      In such a case, it is RECOMMENDED that the group member leaves the
      group.

   *  A change of the current group configuration, possibly also
      requiring a group rekeying, might result in temporarily preventing
      communications among some group members altogether, until they
      have aligned themselves to the new group configuration.  This is
      especially the case for a change of group configuration affecting
      the security algorithms and related parameters used in the group.

      Furthermore, a change of group configuration might interfere with
      ongoing, extended exchanges between group members, especially
      Block-Wise transfers [RFC7959][RFC9177] and the transmission of
      Observe notifications for ongoing Observations [RFC7641].

      A group configuration (possibly together with the group keying
      material) may have been updated while a Block-Wise transfer is
      ongoing between two group members.  This will result in blocks
      being resent, if the block sender and recipient are not yet both

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      aligned with the new group configuration (and group keying
      material), in which case the block recipient would reply with an
      error message.

      After a change of group configuration, a group member MUST
      terminate an ongoing Observation if the new group configuration
      would not have allowed to compute exactly the Observe request
      associated with the ongoing Observation.  This occurs, for
      example, when the new group configuration specifies a signature
      algorithm different from the one used in the group when the
      Observe request was protected.

9.2.  Group Manager

   In addition to what is discussed in Section 10.1 of
   [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm], a compromised Group Manager would allow
   an adversary to also monitor the group configurations specified by an
   Administrator, or to enforce group configurations different from the
   specified ones, which can result in communications in the OSCORE
   groups not attaining the originally intended security level.

   Although this is undesirable, it is not worse than the control that
   the adversary would gain on the group keying material through the
   compromised Group Manager (see Section 10.1 of
   [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm]).

   Unlike what is defined in Section 10.2 of
   [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm] with respect to renewing the group
   keying material, the Group Manager does not have to change the group
   configurations of the OSCORE groups it is responsible for, after
   having experienced a reboot.

9.3.  Administrators

   If multiple Administrators are responsible for the same OSCORE group,
   they are expected to be aware of each other and of their shared
   responsibility, as well as to be aligned on what is in the best
   interest of the OSCORE group and its secure operation.  It is out of
   the scope of this document to define how different Administrators are
   appointed as responsible for an OSCORE group, and how they achieve
   and maintain such an alignment with each other.

   A compromised Administrator may collude with unauthorized parties.
   Within the extent of the granted access rights, the compromised
   Administrator may leak group configurations, change them in such a
   way that communications in the OSCORE groups do not attain the
   originally intended security level, or delete OSCORE groups
   altogether thus impeding their secure operation.

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   When an Administrator is found compromised, the pertaining Access
   Tokens MUST be revoked by the Authorization Server.  A possible way
   for the Authorization Server to notify the affected Group Managers
   about such revoked Access Tokens is defined in
   [I-D.ietf-ace-revoked-token-notification].

10.  IANA Considerations

   This document has the following actions for IANA.

   Note to RFC Editor: Please replace all occurrences of "[RFC-XXXX]"
   with the RFC number of this specification and delete this paragraph.

10.1.  ACE Groupcomm Parameters

   IANA is asked to register the following entries in the "ACE Groupcomm
   Parameters" registry defined in Section 11.7 of
   [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm].

   Name: hkdf
   CBOR Key: -1
   CBOR Type: tstr / int
   Reference: [RFC-XXXX]

   Name: cred_fmt
   CBOR Key: -2
   CBOR Type: int
   Reference: [RFC-XXXX]

   Name: group_mode
   CBOR Key: -3
   CBOR Type: simple value
   Reference: [RFC-XXXX]

   Name: gp_enc_alg
   CBOR Key: -4
   CBOR Type: tstr / int / simple value
   Reference: [RFC-XXXX]

   Name: sign_alg
   CBOR Key: -5
   CBOR Type: tstr / int / simple value
   Reference: [RFC-XXXX]

   Name: sign_params
   CBOR Key: -6
   CBOR Type: array / simple value
   Reference: [RFC-XXXX]

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   Name: pairwise_mode
   CBOR Key: -7
   CBOR Type: simple value
   Reference: [RFC-XXXX]

   Name: alg
   CBOR Key: -8
   CBOR Type: tstr / int / simple value
   Reference: [RFC-XXXX]

   Name: ecdh_alg
   CBOR Key: -9
   CBOR Type: tstr / int / simple value
   Reference: [RFC-XXXX]

   Name: ecdh_params
   CBOR Key: -10
   CBOR Type: array / simple value
   Reference: [RFC-XXXX]

   Name: det_req
   CBOR Key: -25
   CBOR Type: simple value
   Reference: [RFC-XXXX]

   Name: det_hash_alg
   CBOR Key: -26
   CBOR Type: tstr / int
   Reference: [RFC-XXXX]

   Name: rt
   CBOR Key: -11
   CBOR Type: tstr
   Reference: [RFC-XXXX]

   Name: active
   CBOR Key: -12
   CBOR Type: simple value
   Reference: [RFC-XXXX]

   Name: group_name
   CBOR Key: -13
   CBOR Type: tstr / #6.<uint>(any)
   Reference: [RFC-XXXX]

   Name: group_description
   CBOR Key: -14
   CBOR Type: tstr / simple value

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   Reference: [RFC-XXXX]

   Name: max_stale_sets
   CBOR Key: -15
   CBOR Type: uint
   Reference: [RFC-XXXX]

   Name: gid_reuse
   CBOR Key: -16
   CBOR Type: simple value
   Reference: [RFC-XXXX]

   Name: app_groups
   CBOR Key: -17
   CBOR Type: array
   Reference: [RFC-XXXX]

   Name: joining_uri
   CBOR Key: -18
   CBOR Type: tstr
   Reference: [RFC-XXXX]

   Name: as_uri
   CBOR Key: -19
   CBOR Type: tstr
   Reference: [RFC-XXXX]

   Name: conf_filter
   CBOR Key: -27
   CBOR Type: array
   Reference: [RFC-XXXX]

   Name: app_groups_diff
   CBOR Key: -28
   CBOR Type: array
   Reference: [RFC-XXXX]

10.2.  ACE Groupcomm Errors

   IANA is asked to register the following entry in the "ACE Groupcomm
   Errors" registry defined in Section 11.12 of
   [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm].

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   Value: 10
   Description: Group currently active
   Reference: [RFC-XXXX]

   Value: 11
   Description: Unable to determine a group name
   Reference: [RFC-XXXX]

   Value: 12
   Description: Unsupported group configuration
   Reference: [RFC-XXXX]

10.3.  Resource Types

   IANA is asked to enter the following values in the "Resource Type
   (rt=) Link Target Attribute Values" registry within the "Constrained
   Restful Environments (CoRE) Parameters" registry group.

   Value: core.osc.gcoll
   Description: Group-collection resource of an OSCORE Group Manager
   Reference: [RFC-XXXX]

   Value: core.osc.gconf
   Description: Group-configuration resource of an OSCORE Group Manager
   Reference: [RFC-XXXX]

10.4.  Group OSCORE Admin Permissions

   This document establishes the IANA "Group OSCORE Admin Permissions"
   registry.  The registry has been created to use the "Expert Review"
   registration procedure [RFC8126].  Expert review guidelines are
   provided in Section 10.5.

   This registry includes the possible permissions that Administrators
   can have to perform operations on an OSCORE Group Manager, each in
   combination with a numeric identifier.  These numeric identifiers are
   used to express authorization information about performing
   administrative operations concerning OSCORE groups under the control
   of the Group Manager, as specified in Section 3 of [RFC-XXXX].

   The columns of this registry are:

   *  Name: A value that can be used in documents for easier
      comprehension, to identify a possible permission that
      Administrators can perform when interacting with an OSCORE Group
      Manager.

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   *  Value: The numeric identifier for this permission.  Integer values
      greater than 65535 are marked as "Private Use", all other values
      use the registration policy "Expert Review" (see Section 4.5 of
      [RFC8126]).

      Note that, in general, a single permission can be associated with
      multiple different operations that are possible to be performed
      when interacting with the Group Manager.

   *  Description: This field contains a brief description of the
      permission.

   *  Reference: This contains a pointer to the public specification for
      the permission.

   This registry will be initially populated by the values in Table 1.
   The Reference column for all of these entries will be [RFC-XXXX].

10.5.  Expert Review Instructions

   The IANA registry established in this document is defined as "Expert
   Review".  This section gives some general guidelines for what the
   experts should be looking for, but they are being designated as
   experts for a reason, so they should be given substantial latitude.

   Expert reviewers should take into consideration the following points:

   *  Clarity and correctness of registrations.  Experts are expected to
      check the clarity of purpose and use of the requested entries.
      Experts should inspect the entry for the considered permission, to
      verify the correctness of its description against the permission
      as intended in the specification that defined it.  Expert should
      consider requesting an opinion on the correctness of registered
      parameters from the Authentication and Authorization for
      Constrained Environments (ACE) Working Group and the Constrained
      RESTful Environments (CoRE) Working Group.

      Entries that do not meet these objective of clarity and
      completeness should not be registered.

   *  Duplicated registration and point squatting should be discouraged.
      Reviewers are encouraged to get sufficient information for
      registration requests to ensure that the usage is not going to
      duplicate one that is already registered and that the point is
      likely to be used in deployments.

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   *  Experts should take into account the expected usage of permissions
      when approving point assignment.  Given a 'Value' V as code point,
      the length of the encoding of (2^(V+1) - 1) should be weighed
      against the usage of the entry, considering the resources and
      capabilities of devices it will be used on.  Additionally, given a
      'Value' V as code point, the length of the encoding of (2^(V+1) -
      1) should be weighed against how many code points resulting in
      that encoding length are left, and the resources and capabilities
      of devices it will be used on.

   *  Specifications are recommended.  When specifications are not
      provided, the description provided needs to have sufficient
      information to verify the points above.

11.  References

11.1.  Normative References

   [COSE.Algorithms]
              IANA, "COSE Algorithms",
              <https://www.iana.org/assignments/cose/
              cose.xhtml#algorithms>.

   [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm]
              Palombini, F. and M. Tiloca, "Key Provisioning for Group
              Communication using ACE", Work in Progress, Internet-
              Draft, draft-ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-18, 16 January 2024,
              <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-ace-key-
              groupcomm-18>.

   [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore]
              Tiloca, M., Park, J., and F. Palombini, "Key Management
              for OSCORE Groups in ACE", Work in Progress, Internet-
              Draft, draft-ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore-16, 6 March
              2023, <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-
              ace-key-groupcomm-oscore-16>.

   [I-D.ietf-core-groupcomm-bis]
              Dijk, E., Wang, C., and M. Tiloca, "Group Communication
              for the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP)", Work in
              Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-core-groupcomm-bis-
              10, 23 October 2023,
              <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-core-
              groupcomm-bis-10>.

   [I-D.ietf-core-oscore-groupcomm]
              Tiloca, M., Selander, G., Palombini, F., Mattsson, J. P.,
              and J. Park, "Group Object Security for Constrained

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              RESTful Environments (Group OSCORE)", Work in Progress,
              Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-core-oscore-groupcomm-20, 2
              September 2023, <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/
              draft-ietf-core-oscore-groupcomm-20>.

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2119>.

   [RFC6690]  Shelby, Z., "Constrained RESTful Environments (CoRE) Link
              Format", RFC 6690, DOI 10.17487/RFC6690, August 2012,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6690>.

   [RFC6749]  Hardt, D., Ed., "The OAuth 2.0 Authorization Framework",
              RFC 6749, DOI 10.17487/RFC6749, October 2012,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6749>.

   [RFC7252]  Shelby, Z., Hartke, K., and C. Bormann, "The Constrained
              Application Protocol (CoAP)", RFC 7252,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC7252, June 2014,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7252>.

   [RFC7641]  Hartke, K., "Observing Resources in the Constrained
              Application Protocol (CoAP)", RFC 7641,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC7641, September 2015,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7641>.

   [RFC8126]  Cotton, M., Leiba, B., and T. Narten, "Guidelines for
              Writing an IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26,
              RFC 8126, DOI 10.17487/RFC8126, June 2017,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8126>.

   [RFC8132]  van der Stok, P., Bormann, C., and A. Sehgal, "PATCH and
              FETCH Methods for the Constrained Application Protocol
              (CoAP)", RFC 8132, DOI 10.17487/RFC8132, April 2017,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8132>.

   [RFC8174]  Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
              2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
              May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8174>.

   [RFC8610]  Birkholz, H., Vigano, C., and C. Bormann, "Concise Data
              Definition Language (CDDL): A Notational Convention to
              Express Concise Binary Object Representation (CBOR) and
              JSON Data Structures", RFC 8610, DOI 10.17487/RFC8610,
              June 2019, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8610>.

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   [RFC8613]  Selander, G., Mattsson, J., Palombini, F., and L. Seitz,
              "Object Security for Constrained RESTful Environments
              (OSCORE)", RFC 8613, DOI 10.17487/RFC8613, July 2019,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8613>.

   [RFC8949]  Bormann, C. and P. Hoffman, "Concise Binary Object
              Representation (CBOR)", STD 94, RFC 8949,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC8949, December 2020,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8949>.

   [RFC9052]  Schaad, J., "CBOR Object Signing and Encryption (COSE):
              Structures and Process", STD 96, RFC 9052,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC9052, August 2022,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9052>.

   [RFC9053]  Schaad, J., "CBOR Object Signing and Encryption (COSE):
              Initial Algorithms", RFC 9053, DOI 10.17487/RFC9053,
              August 2022, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9053>.

   [RFC9200]  Seitz, L., Selander, G., Wahlstroem, E., Erdtman, S., and
              H. Tschofenig, "Authentication and Authorization for
              Constrained Environments Using the OAuth 2.0 Framework
              (ACE-OAuth)", RFC 9200, DOI 10.17487/RFC9200, August 2022,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9200>.

   [RFC9202]  Gerdes, S., Bergmann, O., Bormann, C., Selander, G., and
              L. Seitz, "Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS)
              Profile for Authentication and Authorization for
              Constrained Environments (ACE)", RFC 9202,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC9202, August 2022,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9202>.

   [RFC9203]  Palombini, F., Seitz, L., Selander, G., and M. Gunnarsson,
              "The Object Security for Constrained RESTful Environments
              (OSCORE) Profile of the Authentication and Authorization
              for Constrained Environments (ACE) Framework", RFC 9203,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC9203, August 2022,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9203>.

   [RFC9237]  Bormann, C., "An Authorization Information Format (AIF)
              for Authentication and Authorization for Constrained
              Environments (ACE)", RFC 9237, DOI 10.17487/RFC9237,
              August 2022, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9237>.

   [RFC9277]  Richardson, M. and C. Bormann, "On Stable Storage for
              Items in Concise Binary Object Representation (CBOR)",
              RFC 9277, DOI 10.17487/RFC9277, August 2022,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9277>.

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   [RFC9290]  Fossati, T. and C. Bormann, "Concise Problem Details for
              Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) APIs", RFC 9290,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC9290, October 2022,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9290>.

   [RFC9485]  Bormann, C. and T. Bray, "I-Regexp: An Interoperable
              Regular Expression Format", RFC 9485,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC9485, October 2023,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9485>.

11.2.  Informative References

   [I-D.amsuess-core-cachable-oscore]
              Amsüss, C. and M. Tiloca, "Cacheable OSCORE", Work in
              Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-amsuess-core-cachable-
              oscore-08, 10 January 2024,
              <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-amsuess-core-
              cachable-oscore-08>.

   [I-D.ietf-ace-revoked-token-notification]
              Tiloca, M., Palombini, F., Echeverria, S., and G. Lewis,
              "Notification of Revoked Access Tokens in the
              Authentication and Authorization for Constrained
              Environments (ACE) Framework", Work in Progress, Internet-
              Draft, draft-ietf-ace-revoked-token-notification-06, 2
              June 2023, <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-
              ietf-ace-revoked-token-notification-06>.

   [I-D.ietf-cose-cbor-encoded-cert]
              Mattsson, J. P., Selander, G., Raza, S., Höglund, J., and
              M. Furuhed, "CBOR Encoded X.509 Certificates (C509
              Certificates)", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-
              ietf-cose-cbor-encoded-cert-09, 4 March 2024,
              <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-cose-
              cbor-encoded-cert-09>.

   [I-D.tiloca-core-oscore-discovery]
              Tiloca, M., Amsüss, C., and P. Van der Stok, "Discovery of
              OSCORE Groups with the CoRE Resource Directory", Work in
              Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-tiloca-core-oscore-
              discovery-14, 8 September 2023,
              <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-tiloca-core-
              oscore-discovery-14>.

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   [RFC5280]  Cooper, D., Santesson, S., Farrell, S., Boeyen, S.,
              Housley, R., and W. Polk, "Internet X.509 Public Key
              Infrastructure Certificate and Certificate Revocation List
              (CRL) Profile", RFC 5280, DOI 10.17487/RFC5280, May 2008,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5280>.

   [RFC7959]  Bormann, C. and Z. Shelby, Ed., "Block-Wise Transfers in
              the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP)", RFC 7959,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC7959, August 2016,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7959>.

   [RFC8392]  Jones, M., Wahlstroem, E., Erdtman, S., and H. Tschofenig,
              "CBOR Web Token (CWT)", RFC 8392, DOI 10.17487/RFC8392,
              May 2018, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8392>.

   [RFC9147]  Rescorla, E., Tschofenig, H., and N. Modadugu, "The
              Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) Protocol Version
              1.3", RFC 9147, DOI 10.17487/RFC9147, April 2022,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9147>.

   [RFC9176]  Amsüss, C., Ed., Shelby, Z., Koster, M., Bormann, C., and
              P. van der Stok, "Constrained RESTful Environments (CoRE)
              Resource Directory", RFC 9176, DOI 10.17487/RFC9176, April
              2022, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9176>.

   [RFC9177]  Boucadair, M. and J. Shallow, "Constrained Application
              Protocol (CoAP) Block-Wise Transfer Options Supporting
              Robust Transmission", RFC 9177, DOI 10.17487/RFC9177,
              March 2022, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9177>.

Appendix A.  Processing of Group Name Patterns at the AS

   When processing an Authorization Request from an Administrator (see
   Section 4), the AS builds the authorization information expressing
   granted permissions as scope entries, according to the AIF data model
   AIF-OSCORE-GROUPCOMM and to its extension specified in Section 3.
   These scope entries are in turn specified as value of the 'scope'
   claim to include in the Access Token.

   In order to evaluate the requested permissions against the access
   policies pertaining to the Administrator for the Group Manager in
   question, the AS can perform the following steps.

   The following specifically refers only to "admin scope entries",
   i.e., scope entries that express authorization information for
   Administrators of OSCORE groups.

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   1.  The AS initializes three empty sets of scope entries, namely S1,
       S2, and S3.

   2.  For each scope entry E in the 'scope' parameter of the
       Authorization Request, the AS performs the following actions.

       *  In its access policies related to administrative operations at
          the Group Manager for the Administrator, the AS determines
          every group name superpattern P*, such that every group name
          matching with the pattern P of the scope entry E matches also
          with P*.

       *  If no superpatterns are found, the AS proceeds with the next
          scope entry, if any.  Otherwise, the AS computes Tperm* as the
          union of the permission sets associated with the superpatterns
          found at the previous step.  That is, Tperm* is the inclusive
          OR of the binary representations of the Tperm values
          associated with the found superpatterns and encoding the
          corresponding permission sets as per Section 3.

       *  The AS adds to the set S1 a scope entry, such that its Toid is
          the same as in the scope entry E, while its Tperm is the AND
          of Tperm* with the Tperm in the scope entry E.

   3.  For each scope entry E in the 'scope' parameter of the
       Authorization Request, the AS performs the following actions.

       *  In its access policies related to administrative operations at
          the Group Manager for the Administrator, the AS determines
          every group name subpattern P*, such that: i) the pattern P of
          the scope entry E is different from P*; and ii) every group
          name matching with P* also matches with P.

       *  If no subpatterns are found, the AS proceeds with the next
          scope entry, if any.  Otherwise, for each found subpattern P*,
          the AS adds to the set S2 a scope entry, such that its Toid is
          the same as in the subpattern P*, while its Tperm is the AND
          of the Tperm from the subpattern P* with the Tperm in the
          scope entry E.

   4.  For each scope entry E in the 'scope' parameter of the
       Authorization Request, the AS performs the following actions.

       *  For each group name pattern P* in its access policies related
          to administrative operations at the Group Manager for the
          Administrator, the AS performs the following actions.

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          -  The AS attempts to determine a crosspattern P** such that:
             i) in the previous steps, P** was not identified as a
             superpattern or subpattern for the pattern P of the scope
             entry E; ii) every group name matching with P** also
             matches with both P and P*.

          -  If no crosspattern is built, the AS proceeds with the next
             pattern in its access policies related to administrative
             operations at the Group Manager for the Administrator, if
             any.  Otherwise, the AS adds to the set S3 a scope entry,
             such that its Toid is the same as in the crosspattern P**,
             while its Tperm is the AND of the Tperm from the pattern P*
             and the Tperm in the scope entry E.

   5.  If the sets S1, S2, and S3 are all empty, the Authorization
       Request has not been successfully verified, and the AS returns an
       error response as per Section 5.8.3 of [RFC9200].  Otherwise, the
       AS uses the scope entries in the sets S1, S2, and S3 as the scope
       entries for the 'scope' claim to include in the Access Token, as
       per the format defined in Section 3.

Appendix B.  Document Updates

   This section is to be removed before publishing as an RFC.

B.1.  Version -10 to -11

   *  Early mentioned that issued Access Tokens can have other purposes.

   *  Added example of array of scope entries.

   *  Removed moot paragraph about the benefits of group name patterns.

   *  Use of CBOR tag 21065 to indicate a regular expression.

   *  Renamed 'group_title' as 'group_description'.

   *  Added a second example of FETCH to the group-collection resource.

   *  Avoiding accidental deactivation of a group when updating it.

   *  Avoid alternative ways to create a group configuration resource.

   *  RFC 9290 is used instead of the custom format for error responses.

   *  Added integer abbreviations for the new entries in the "ACE
      Groupcomm Parameters" registry.

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   *  Editorial fixes and improvements.

B.2.  Version -09 to -10

   *  Consistent use of 4.03 (Forbidden) error responses.

   *  Removed moot, remnant statements from when CoRAL was used.

   *  Clarified how the Group Manager may attempt to determine an
      alternative group name upon creating a new group.

   *  Made explicit what parameters cannot change when overwriting a
      group configuration.

   *  Improved guidelines to the Group Manager on selecting an
      alternative group name.

   *  Improved guidelines to Administrators receiving an error after
      trying to create a new group.

   *  Changed description of error 11 from "No available group names" to
      "Unable to determine a group name".

   *  Editorial fixes and improvements.

B.3.  Version -08 to -09

   *  Removed use of CoRAL.

   *  Use of the pairwise mode changed to true by default.

   *  Clarified effects on group members after a group configuration
      change.

   *  Renamed "Signature Encryption Algorithm" to "Group Encryption
      Algorithm".

   *  Renamed "sign_enc_alg" to "gp_enc_alg".

   *  Fixes and editorial improvements.

B.4.  Version -07 to -08

   *  Consistency of parameter names.

   *  More details on consistency of message payload.

   *  New section on multiple, concurrent Administrators.

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   *  Specified atomicity of write operations.

   *  Clarified effects of configuration overwriting on group members.

   *  New ACE Groupcomm Error on unsupported configuration.

   *  Possible reason to deviate from default parameter values.

   *  Added security considerations.

   *  CoRAL examples use CBOR diagnostic notation and Packed CBOR.

   *  Various clarifications and editorial improvements.

B.5.  Version -06 to -07

   *  Alignment with renaming in draft-ietf-ace-key-groupcomm.

   *  Updated signaling of semantics for binary encoded scopes.

   *  Split between parameter registration and their CBOR abbreviations.

   *  Classified parameters as must/should/may be supported.

   *  New error code "No available group names" and related guidelines.

   *  Fixes in the examples.

   *  Editorial improvements.

B.6.  Version -05 to -06

   *  Use and extend the same AIF data model AIF-OSCORE-GROUPCOMM
      defined in [I-D.ietf-ace-key-groupcomm-oscore].

   *  Revised Client-AS interaction, based on the used AIF data model.

   *  Categorized operations at the Group Manager as required and
      optional to support.

   *  Added status parameter 'gid_reuse', on reassigning OSCORE Group
      IDs upon group rekeying.

   *  Clarifications on the group name ultimately chosen by the Group
      Manager.

   *  Moved the detailed processing of group name patterns at the AS to
      an Appendix, as an example.

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   *  Editorial improvements.

B.7.  Version -04 to -05

   *  Defined format of scope based on a new AIF data model.

   *  Specified authorization checks at the Group Manager.

   *  Revised resource handlers based on the new scope format.

   *  Renamed 'pub_key_enc' to 'cred_fmt'.

   *  Mandatory to include 'group_name' in the group creation request.

   *  Suggesting a used 'group_name' results in a new name, not in an
      error.

   *  Distinction between authentication credentials and public keys.

   *  More details on informing group members about changes in the group
      configuration.

   *  Revised order of sections; editorial improvements.

B.8.  Version -03 to -04

   *  Clarifications on what to do in case of enhanced error responses.

   *  Clarifications on handling default values for group parameters.

   *  New configuration parameters to support OSCORE deterministic
      requests.

   *  IANA considerations - Use RFC8126 terminology.

   *  Author's change of address.

   *  Editorial improvements.

B.9.  Version -02 to -03

   *  Aligned new and old parameters to core-groupcomm-oscore and ace-
      key-groupcomm-oscore.

   *  Removed 'cs_key_params' and 'ecdh_key_params' to avoid redundant
      COSE capabilities of key types, consistently with draft-ietf-ace-
      key-groupcomm-oscore.

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   *  Revised examples and side effects due to parameter changes.

   *  New error type "Group currently active".

B.10.  Version -01 to -02

   *  Admit multiple Administrators and limited access to admin
      resources.

   *  Early design considerations for defining the format of scope.

   *  Additional error handling, using also error types.

   *  Selective update of group-configuration resources with PATCH/
      iPATCH.

   *  Editorial improvements.

B.11.  Version -00 to -01

   *  Names of application groups as status parameter.

   *  Parameters related to the pairwise mode of Group OSCORE.

   *  Defined FETCH for group-configuration resources.

   *  Policies on registration of links to the Resource Directory.

   *  Added resource type for group-configuration resources.

   *  Fixes, clarifications and editorial improvements.

Acknowledgments

   Klaus Hartke provided substantial contribution in defining the
   resource model based on group collection and group configurations.

   The authors sincerely thank Christian Amsüss, Carsten Bormann, Jim
   Schaad, Göran Selander, and Cigdem Sengul for their comments and
   feedback.

   The work on this document has been partly supported by VINNOVA and
   the Celtic-Next project CRITISEC; and by the H2020 project SIFIS-Home
   (Grant agreement 952652).

Authors' Addresses

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   Marco Tiloca
   RISE AB
   Isafjordsgatan 22
   SE-16440 Stockholm Kista
   Sweden
   Email: marco.tiloca@ri.se

   Rikard Höglund
   RISE AB
   Isafjordsgatan 22
   SE-16440 Stockholm Kista
   Sweden
   Email: rikard.hoglund@ri.se

   Peter van der Stok
   Email: stokcons@kpnmail.nl

   Francesca Palombini
   Ericsson AB
   Torshamnsgatan 23
   SE-16440 Stockholm Kista
   Sweden
   Email: francesca.palombini@ericsson.com

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