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Applicability of Access Node Control Mechanism to PON based Broadband Networks
draft-ietf-ancp-pon-02

The information below is for an old version of the document.
Document Type
This is an older version of an Internet-Draft that was ultimately published as RFC 6934.
Authors Dr. Nabil N. Bitar , Sanjay Wadhwa
Last updated 2012-04-13 (Latest revision 2012-01-17)
RFC stream Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
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Stream WG state Submitted to IESG for Publication
Document shepherd Matthew Bocci
IESG IESG state Became RFC 6934 (Informational)
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Responsible AD Ralph Droms
IESG note
Send notices to ancp-chairs@tools.ietf.org, draft-ietf-ancp-pon@tools.ietf.org
draft-ietf-ancp-pon-02
Network Working Group                          Nabil Bitar(ed.) 
                                                 Verizon 
  Internet Draft                      
  Intended Status: Informational                 Sanjay Wadhwa (ed.) 
                                                 Alcatel-Lucent 
  Expires: June 16, 2012              
                                                 Thomas Haag 
                                                 Deutsche Telekom 
                                   
                                                 Hongyu Li    
                                                 HuaweiTechnologies 
                                   
                                                 January 16, 2012
   
              Applicability of Access Node Control Mechanism to                    
                         PON based Broadband Networks  
                                        
                       draft-ietf-ancp-pon-02.txt 
                               
  Abstract  
   
     The purpose of this document is to provide applicability of the 
     Access Node Control Mechanism, as described in [RFC5851], 
     to PON based broadband access. The need for an Access Node Control 
     Mechanism between a Network Access Server (NAS) and an Access Node 
     Complex (a combination of Optical Line Termination (OLT) and 
     Optical Network Termination (ONT) elements) is described in a 
     multi-service reference architecture in order to perform QoS-
     related, service-related and Subscriber-related operations. The 
     Access Node Control Mechanism is also extended for interaction 
     between components of the Access Node Complex (OLT and ONT). The 
     Access Node Control mechanism will ensure that the transmission of 
     information between the NAS and Access Node Complex (ANX) and 
     between the OLT and ONT within an ANX does not need to go through 
     distinct element managers but rather uses a direct device-to-
     device communication and stays on net. This allows for performing 
     access link related operations within those network elements to 
     meet performance objectives.  
   
  Status of this Memo 
   
     This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the 
     provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. 
      
     Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering 
     Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that 
     other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-
     Drafts. 
      
     Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six 
     months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other 
     documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts 

   
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     as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in 
     progress." 
      
     The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at 
     http://www.ietf.org/1id-abstracts.html.  
      
     The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at 
     http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html. 
      
     This Internet-Draft will expire on June 16-02, 2012. 
    
   
  Copyright Notice  
   
     Copyright (c) 2012 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the 
     document authors. All rights reserved.   
      
     This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal 
     Provisions Relating to IETF Documents 
     (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of 
     publication of this document. Please review these documents 
     carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with 
     respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this 
     document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in 
     Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without 
     warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License. 
      
  Table of Contents 
     1. Specification Requirements ................................. 3 
     2. Introduction................................................ 3 
     3. Terminology ................................................ 5 
     4. Motivation for explicit extension of ANCP to FTTx PON ...... 6 
     5. Reference Model for PON Based Broadband Access Network.......7 
     5.1. Functional Blocks  ....................................... 9 
     5.1.1. Home Gateway ........................................... 9 
     5.1.2. PON Access   ........................................... 9 
     5.1.3. Access Node Complex .................................... 9 
     5.1.4. Access Node Complex Uplink to the NAS .................. 9 
     5.1.5. Aggregation Network .................................... 9 
     5.1.6. Network Access Server .................................. 10 
     5.1.7. Regional Network ................................... ....10 
     5.2. Access Node Complex Control Reference Architecture Options 10 
     5.2.1. ANCP+OMCI ANX control   ................................ 10 
     5.2.2. All-ANCP ANX Control.................................... 12 
     6. Concept of Access Node Control Mechanism for PON based access12 
     7. Multicast ...................................................14 
     7.1. Multicast Conditional Access.............................. 15 
     7.2. Multicast Admission Control .............................. 17 
   
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     7.3. Multicast Accounting .................................... 27 
     8. Remote Connectivity Check .................................. 28 
     9. Access Topology Discovery .................................. 29 
     10. Access Loop Configuration ................................. 30 
     11. ANCP versus OMCI between the OLT and ONT/ONU .............. 33 
     12. IANA Considerations ....................................... 33 
     13. Acknowledgements .......................................... 33 
     14. References ................................................ 34 
     14.1. Normative References .................................... 34 
     14.2. Informative References .................................. 34 
      
      
   
   
      
  1. Specification Requirements 
      
     The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL 
     NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and 
     "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in 
     RFC 2119. 
      
  2. Introduction 
   
  Passive Optical Networks (PONs) based on BPON and GPON are being 
  deployed across carrier networks. There are two models for PON 
  deployment: Fiber to the building/curb (FTTB/FTTC), and Fiber to the 
  Premises (FTTP). In the FTTB/C deployment, the last mile connectivity 
  to the subscriber premises is provided over the local Copper loop, 
  often using Very High Speed Digital Subscriber line (VDSL). In the 
  FTTP case, PON extends to the premises of the subscriber. In 
  addition, there are four main PON technologies: (1) Broadband PON 
  (BPON), (2) Gigabit PON (GPON), (3) 10-Gigabit PON (XGPON), and (4) 
  Ethernet PON (EPON). This document describes the applicability of 
  Access Node Control Protocol (ANCP) in the context of FTTB/C and FTTP 
  deployments, focusing on BPON, GPON and XPON. Architectural 
  considerations lead to different ANCP compositions. Therefore, the 
  composition of ANCP communication between Access Nodes and Network 
  Access Server (NAS) is described using different models. 
   
  BPON, GPON and XPON in FTTP deployments provide large bandwidth in 
  the first mile, bandwidth that is an order of magnitude larger than 
  that provided by xDSL. In the downstream direction, BPON provides 622 
  Mbps per PON while GPON provides 2.4 Gbps, and XPON provides 10 Gbps. 
  In residential deployments, the number of homes sharing the same PON 
  is limited by the technology and the network engineering rules. 
  Typical deployments have 32 homes per PON.  
   
  The motive behind BPON, GPON and XPON deployment is providing triple-
  play services over IP: voice, video and data. Voice is generally low 
  bandwidth but has low-delay, low-jitter, and low packet-loss 

   
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  requirements. Data services (e.g., Internet services) often require 
  high throughput and can tolerate medium latency. Data services may 
  include multimedia content download such as video. However, in that 
  case, the video content is not required to be real-time and/or it is 
  low quality video. Video services, on the other hand, are targeted to 
  deliver Standard Definition or High Definition video content in real-
  time or near-real time, depending on the service model. Standard 
  Definition content using MPEG2 encoding requires on the order of 3.75 
  Mbps per stream while High definition content using MPEG2 encoding 
  requires on the order of 15-19 Mbps depending on the level of 
  compression used. Video services require low-jitter and low-packet 
  loss with low start-time latency. There are two types of video 
  services: on demand and broadcast (known also as liner programming 
  content). While linear programming content can be provided over 
  Layer1 on the PON, the focus in this document is on delivering linear 
  programming content over IP to the subscriber, using IP multicast. 
  Video on demand is also considered for delivery to the subscriber 
  over IP using a unicast session model.  
    
        
  Providing simultaneous triple-play services over IP with unicast 
  video and multicast video, VoIP and data requires an architecture 
  that preserves the quality of service of each service. Fundamental to 
  this architecture is ensuring that the video content (unicast and 
  multicast) delivered to the subscriber does not exceed the bandwidth 
  Allocated to the subscriber for video services. Architecture models 
  often ensure that data is guaranteed a minimum bandwidth and that 
  VoIP is guaranteed its own bandwidth. In addition, QoS control across 
  services is often performed at a Network Access Server (NAS), often 
  referred to as Broadband Network Gateway (BNG) for subscriber 
  management, per subscriber and shared link resources. Efficient 
  multicast video services require enabling multicast services in the 
  access network between the subscriber and the subscriber management 
  platform. In the FTTP/B/C PON environment, this implies enabling IP 
  multicast on the Access Node (AN) complex composed of the Optical 
  Network Terminal (ONT) or Unit (ONU) and Optical Line Terminal (OLT), 
  as applicable. This is as opposed to Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) 
  deployments where multicast is enabled on the DSL Access Multiplexer 
  (DSLAM) only. The focus in this document will be on the ANCP 
  requirements needed for coordinated admission control of unicast and 
  multicast video in FTTP/B/C PON environments between the AN complex 
  (ANX) and the NAS, specifically focusing on bandwidth dedicated for 
  multicast and shared bandwidth between multicast and unicast.  
   
  [RFC5851] provides the framework and requirements for 
  coordinated admission control between a NAS and an AN with special 
  focus on DSL deployments. This document extends that framework and 
  the related requirements to explicitly address PON deployments.  
      
   
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  3. Terminology 
   
  - PON (Passive Optical Network): a point-to-multipoint fiber to the 
  premises network architecture in which unpowered splitters are used 
  to enable the splitting of an optical signal from a central office on 
  a single optical fiber to multiple premises. Up to 32-128 may be 
  supported on the same PON. A PON configuration consists of an Optical 
  Line Terminal (OLT) at the Service Provider's CO and a number of 
  Optical Network Units or Terminals (ONU/ONT) near end users, with an 
  optical distribution network (ODN) composed of fibers and splitters 
  between them. A PON configuration reduces the amount of fiber and CO 
  equipment required compared with point-to-point architectures.  
   
  - Access Node Complex (ANX): The Access Node Complex is composed of 
  two geographically separated functional elements OLT and ONU/ONT. The 
  general term Access Node Complex (ANX) will be used when describing a 
  functionality which does not depend on the physical location but 
  rather on the "black box" behavior of OLT and ONU/ONT.  
   
  -Optical Line Terminal (OLT): is located in the Service provider's 
  central office (CO). It terminates and aggregates multiple PONs 
  (providing fiber access to multiple premises or neighborhoods) on the 
  subscriber side, and interfaces with the Network Access server (NAS) 
  that provides subscriber management. 
   
  - Optical Network Terminal (ONT): terminates PON on the network side 
  and provides PON adaptation. The subscriber side interface and the 
  location of the ONT are dictated by the type of network deployment. 
  For a Fiber-to-the-Premise (FTTP) deployment (with Fiber all the way 
  to the apartment or living unit), ONT has Ethernet (FE/GE/MoCA) 
  connectivity with the Home Gateway (HGW)/Customer Premise Equipment 
  (CPE). In certain cases, one ONT may provide connections to more than 
  one Home Gateway at the same time. 
   
  -Optical Network Unit (ONU): A generic term denoting a device that 
  terminates any one of the distributed (leaf) endpoints of an Optical 
  Distribution Node (ODN), implements a PON protocol, and adapts PON 
  PDUs to subscriber service interfaces. In case of an MDU multi-
  dwelling or multi-tenant unit), a multi-subscriber ONU typically 
  resides in the basement or a wiring closet (FTTB case), and has 
  FE/GE/Ethernet over native Ethernet link or over xDSL (typically 
  VDSL) connectivity with each CPE at the subscriber premises. In the 
  case where fiber is terminated outside the premises (neighborhood or 
  curb side) on an ONT/ONU, the last-leg-premises connections could be 
  via existing or new Copper, with xDSL physical layer (typically 
  VDSL). In this case, the ONU effectively is a "PON fed DSLAM".  
   
  -Network Access Server (NAS): Network element which aggregates 
  subscriber traffic from a number of ANs or ANXs. The NAS is often an 
  injection point for policy management and IP QoS in the access 
   
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  network. It is also referred to as Broadband Network Gateway (BNG) or 
  Broadband Remote Access Server (BRAS).   
   
  -Home Gateway (HGW): Network element that connects subscriber devices 
  to the AN or ANX and the access network. In case of xDSL, the Home 
  Gateway is an xDSL network termination that could either operate as a 
  Layer 2 bridge or as a Layer 3 router. In the latter case, such a 
  device is also referred to as a Routing Gateway (RG). In the case of 
  PON, it is often a Layer3 routing device with the ONT performing PON 
  termination.  
   
  -PON-Customer-ID: This is an identifier which uniquely identifies the 
  ANX and the access loop logical port on the ANX to the subscriber 
  (customer) premises, and is used in any interaction between NAS and 
  ANX that relates to access-loops. Logically it is composed of 
  information containing identification of the OLT (the OLT may be 
  physically directly connected to the NAS), the PON port on the OLT, 
  the ONT/ONU, and the port on the ONT/ONU connecting to the subscriber 
  HGW. When acting as a DHCP relay agent, the OLT can encode PON-
  Customer-ID in the "Agent-Circuit-Identifier" Sub-option in Option-82 
  of the DHCP messages.  
   
  4. Motivation for explicit extension of ANCP to FTTx PON 
   
  The fundamental difference between PON and DSL is that a PON is an 
  optical broadcast network by definition. That is, at the PON level, 
  every ONT on the same PON sees the same signal. However, the ONT 
  filters only those PON frames addressed to it. Encryption is used on 
  the PON to prevent eavesdropping.   
   
  The broadcast PON capability is very suitable to delivering multicast 
  content to connected premises, maximizing bandwidth usage efficiency 
  on the PON. Similar to DSL deployments, enabling multicast on the 
  Access Node Complex (ANX) provides for bandwidth use efficiency on 
  the path between the Access Node and the NAS as well as improves the 
  scalability of the NAS by reducing the amount of multicast traffic 
  being replicated at the NAS. However, the broadcast capability on the  
   
  PON enables the AN (OLT) to send one copy on the PON as opposed to N 
  copies of a multicast channel on the PON serving N premises being 
  receivers. The PON multicast capability can be leveraged in the case 
  of GPON and BPON as discussed in this document.     
   
  Fundamental to leveraging the broadcast capability on the PON for 
  multicast delivery is the ability to assign a single encryption key 
  for all PON frames carrying all multicast channels or a key per set 
  of multicast channels that correspond to service packages, or none. 
  It should be noted that the ONT can be a multi-Dwelling Unit (MDU) 
  ONT with multiple Ethernet ports, each connected to a living unit. 
  Thus, the ONT must not only be able to receive a multicast frame, but 
   
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  must also be able to forward that frame only to the Ethernet port 
  with receivers for the corresponding channel.   
   
  In order to implement triple-play service delivery with necessary 
  "quality-of-experience", including end-to-end bandwidth optimized 
  multicast video delivery, there needs to be tight coordination 
  between the NAS and the ANX. This interaction needs to be near real-
  time as services are requested via application or network level 
  signaling by broadband subscribers. ANCP as defined in [RFC5851]
  for DSL based networks is very suitable to realize a 
  control protocol (with transactional exchange capabilities), between 
  PON enabled ANX and the NAS, and also between the components 
  comprising the ANX i.e. between OLT and the ONT. Typical use cases 
  for ANCP in PON environment include the following:  
   
       - Access topology discovery  
   
       - Access Loop Configuration 
   
       - Multicast   
   
            - Optimized multicast delivery  
   
            - Unified video resource control  
   
            - NAS based provisioning of ANX  
   
    - Remote connectivity check 
   
  5. Reference Model for PON Based Broadband Access Network 
      
  An overall end-to-end reference architecture of a PON access network 
  is depicted in Figure 1 and Figure 2 with ONT serving a single HGW, 
  and ONT/ONU serving multiples HGWs, respectively. An OLT may provide 
  FTTP and FTTB/C access at the same time but most likely not on the 
  same PON port. Specifically, the following PON cases are addressed in 
  the context of this reference architecture:  
   
       - BPON with Ethernet uplink to the NAS and ATM on the PON side.  
   
       - GPON/XPON with Ethernet uplink to the NAS and Ethernet on the 
  PON  
          side 
        
  In case of an Ethernet aggregation network that supports new QoS-
  enabled IP services (including Ethernet multicast replication), the 
  architecture builds on the reference architecture specified in the 
  Broadband Forum (BBF) [TR-101]. The Ethernet aggregation network 
  between a NAS and an OLT may be degenerated to one or more direct 
  physical Ethernet links.  
   
   
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  Given the industry move towards Ethernet as the new access and 
  aggregation technology for triple play services, the primary focus 
  throughout this document is on GPON/XPON and BPON with Ethernet 
  between the NAS and the OLT.  
       
                                                 Access        Customer   
                                <----------Aggregation-------><-Prem->  
                                                 Network       Network  
                                               
                                         +------------------+        
                                         |  Access Node     |  
                                         |  Complex (ANX)   |         
           +---------+   +---+  +-----+  |+---+       +---+ |  +---+     
           |         | +-|NAS|--|Eth  |--||OLT|-<PON>-|ONT|-|--|HGW|  
     NSP---+Regional | | +---+  |Agg  |  |+---+       +---+ |  +---+   
           |Broadband| | +---+  +-----+  +------------------+        
           |Network  |-+-|NAS|                  |                              
     ASP---+         | | +---+                  |                              
           |         | | +---+                  |                     
           +---------+ +-|NAS|                  |       +---+  +---+  
                         +---|                  +-<PON>-|ONT|--|HGW|  
                                                    |   +---+  +---+  
                                                    |  
                                                    |   +---+  +---+  
                                                    +---|ONT|--|HGW|  
                                                        +---+  +---+  
      HGW      : Home Gateway  
      NAS      : Network Access Server  
      PON      : Passive Optical Network  
      OLT      : Optical Line Terminal  
      ONT      : Optical Network Terminal  
        
                          Figure 1.  Access Network with PON  
       
   
                                                            FE/GE/VDSL  
                                                            +---+ +---+  
                                  +----------------+        |   |-|HGW|  
           +---------+   +-----+  | +-----+  +----+|        |   | +---+  
           |         | +-|NAS  |--| |Eth  |--|OLT||-<PON>-  |   |   
     NSP---+Regional | | +-----+  | |Agg  |  |    ||    |   |ONT| +---+
           |         | |          | |     |  |    ||    |   | or|-|HGW|  
           |Broadband| | +-----+  | +-----+  +----+|    |   |ONU| +---+  
           |Network  |-+-|NAS  |  +----------------+    |   |   |       
     ASP---+         | | +-----+                        |   |   | +---+  
           |         | | +-----+                        |   |   |-|HGW|  
           +---------+ +-|NAS  |                        |   +---+ +---+  
                         +-----+                        |    
                                                        |  +---+  +---+  
                                                        +--|ONT|--|HGW|  
                                                           +---+  +---+  
      Figure 2. FTTP/FTTB/C with multi-subscriber ONT/ONU serving     
  MTUs/MDUs   
    
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  The following sections describe the functional blocks and network 
  segments in the PON access reference architecture. 
   
  5.1. Functional Blocks 
   
  5.1.1. Home Gateway 
   
  The Home Gateway (HGW) connects the different Customer Premises 
  Equipment (CPE) to the ANX and the access network.  In case of PON, 
  the HGW is a layer 3 router. In this case, the HGW performs IP 
  configuration of devices within the home via DHCP, and performs 
  Network Address and Port Translation (NAPT) between the LAN and WAN 
  side. In case of FTTP/B/C, the HGW connects to the ONT/ONU over an 
  Ethernet interface. That Ethernet interface could be over an Ethernet 
  physical port or over another medium. In case of FTTP, it is possible 
  to have a single box GPON CPE solution, where the ONT encompasses the 
  HGW functionality as well as the GPON adaptation function.  
    
  5.1.2. PON Access   
   
  PON access is composed of the ONT/ONU and OLT. PON ensures physical 
  connectivity between the ONT/ONU at the customer and the OLT. PON 
  framing can be BPON (in case of BPON) or GPON (in case of GPON). The 
  protocol encapsulation on BPON is based on multi-protocol 
  encapsulation over AAL5, defined in [RFC2684].  This covers PPP over 
  Ethernet (PPPoE, defined in [RFC2516]), or bridged IP (IPoE). The 
  protocol encapsulation on GPON is always IPoE. In all cases, the 
  connection between the AN  
  (OLT) and the NAS (or BNG) is assumed to be Ethernet in this 
  document.  
   
  5.1.3. Access Node Complex  
   
  This is composed of OLT and ONT/ONU and is defined in section 3.  
   
  5.1.4. Access Node Complex Uplink to the NAS  
   
  The ANX uplink connects the OLT to the NAS. The fundamental 
  requirements for the ANX uplink are to provide traffic aggregation, 
  Class of Service distinction and customer separation and 
  traceability. This can be achieved using an ATM or an Ethernet based 
  technology. The focus in this document is on Ethernet as stated 
  earlier.  
   
  5.1.5. Aggregation Network  
   
  The aggregation network provides traffic aggregation towards the NAS. 
  The Aggregation network is assumed to be Ethernet in this document.   
   

   
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  5.1.6. Network Access Server  
   
  The NAS is a network device which aggregates multiplexed Subscriber 
  traffic from a number of ANXs. The NAS plays a central role in per-
  subscriber policy enforcement and QoS. It is often referred to as a 
  Broadband Network Gateway (BNG) or Broadband Remote Access Server 
  (BRAS). A detailed definition of the NAS is given in [RFC2881]. The 
  NAS interfaces to the aggregation network by means of 802.1Q or 802.1 
  Q-in-Q Ethernet interfaces, and towards the Regional Network by means 
  of transport interfaces (e.g. GigE, PPP over SONET). The NAS 
  functionality corresponds to the BNG functionality described in 
  BroadBand Forum (BBF) TR-101 [TR-101]. In addition, the NAS supports 
  the Access Node Control functionality defined for the respective use 
  cases in this document.   
   
  5.1.7. Regional Network  
   
  The Regional Network connects one or more NAS and associated Access 
  Networks to Network Service Providers (NSPs) and Application Service 
  Providers (ASPs). The NSP authenticates access and provides and 
  manages the IP address to Subscribers. It is responsible for overall 
  service assurance and includes Internet Service Providers (ISPs). The 
  ASP provides application services to the application Subscriber 
  (gaming, video, content on demand, IP telephony etc.). The NAS can be 
  part of the NSP network. Similarly, the NSP can be the ASP.  
      
  5.2. Access Node Complex Control Reference Architecture Options 
   
  Section 4 details the differences between xDSL access and PON access 
  and the implication of these differences on DSLAM control vs. OLT and 
  ONT/ONU (access node complex (ANX)) control. The following sections 
  describe two reference models: (1) ANCP+OMCI ANX control, and (2) 
  all-ANCP ANX control. That is, the two models differ in the ONT/ONU 
  control within the ANX. Implementations, out of the scope of this 
  document, may choose to implement one or the other based on the 
  ONT/ONU type and the capabilities of the ONT/ONU and OLT. It is 
  possible for an OLT or an OLT PON port to connect to ONTs/ONUs with 
  different capabilities and for these two models to co-exist on the 
  same OLT and same PON. Section 11 describes the differences between 
  OMCI and ANCP in controlling the ONU/ONT.  
   
  OMCI is designed as a protocol between the OLT and ONT/ONU. It 
  enables the OLT to configure and administer capabilities on the 
  ONT/ONU in BPON, GPON and XPON. ANCP is designed as a protocol 
  between the NAS and access node. It enables the NAS to enforce 
  dynamic policies on the access node, and the access node to report 
  events to the NAS among other functions.  
   
  5.2.1. ANCP+OMCI ANX control 
   
   
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  Figure 3 depicts the reference model for ANCP+OMCI ANX control. In 
  this model, ANCP is enabled between the NAS and a connected OLT, and 
  OMCI is enabled between the OLT and an attached ONT/ONU. NAS 
  communicates with the ANX via ANCP. The OLT acts as an ANCP/OMCI 
  gateway for communicating necessary events and policies between the 
  OLT and ONT/ONU within the ANX and for communicating relevant 
  policies and events between the ONT/ONU and the NAS. The 
  functionality performed by the OLT as ANCP/OMCI gateway will be 
  application dependent (e.g., multicast control, topology discovery) 
  and should be specified in a related specification. It should be 
  noted that some applications are expected to require extensions. Such 
  extensions are expected to outside of ANCP scope, and may need to be 
  defined by the ITU-T. It should be noted that OMCI, in addition to 
  configuration and administration, provides the capability to report 
  status changes on an ONT/ONU with AVC (Attribute Value Change) 
  notifications. When ONT/ONU's DSL or Ethernet UNI attributes change, 
  a related ME (management Entity) will send a corresponding 
  notification (AVC) to the OLT. The OLT interworks such notification 
  into an ANCP report and sends it to the connected NAS via the ANCP 
  session between the OLT and the NAS. As the ANCP report contains 
  information of ONT/ONU's UNI and OLT's PON port, NAS can obtain 
  accurate information of access topology. 
   
                                         +----------------------+          
                                         |         ANX          | 
           +---------+   +---+  +-----+  |+---+       +-------+ | +---+ 
           |         | +-|NAS|--|Eth  |--||OLT|-<PON>-|ONU/ONT|-|-|HGW| 
     NSP---+Regional | | +---+  |Agg  |  |+---+       +-------+ | +---+ 
           |Broadband| | +---+  +-----+  +----------------------+             
           |Network  |-+-|NAS|                |                             
     ASP---+         | | +---+                |                             
           |         | | +---+                |                             
           +---------+ +-|NAS|                |       +-------+ +---+ 
                         +---|                +-<PON>-|ONU/ONT|-|HGW| 
                                                   |  +-------+ +---+ 
                                                   .............             
                                                   |     +---+ +---+ 
                                                   +-----|ONT|-|HGW| 
                                                         +---+ +---+ 
                                ANCP                 OMCI 
                       +<-------------->+<------------------->+ 
   
      HGW: Home Gateway  
      NAS: Network Access Server  
      PON: Passive Optical Network  
      OLT: Optical Line Terminal  
      ONT: Optical Network Terminal 
      ONU: Optical Network Unit 
         Figure 3: Access Network with single ANCP+OMCI access control  
   
   

   
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  5.2.2. All-ANCP ANX Control 
   
  Figure 4 depicts the All-ANCP ANX control reference model. In this 
  model, an ANCP session is enabled between a NAS and a connected OLT, 
  and another ANCP session is enabled between the OLT and a connected 
  ONT/ONU. ANCP enables communication of policies and events between 
  the OLT and the ANX. The OLT acts as a gateway to relay policies and 
  events between the NAS and ONT/ONU within the ANX in addition to 
  communicating policies and events between the OLT and ONT/ONU. It 
  should be noted that in this model, OMCI (not shown) is expected to 
  be simultaneously enabled between the ONT and OLT, supporting 
  existing OMCI capabilities and applications on the PON, independent 
  of ANCP or applications intended to be supported by ANCP.   
    
                                         +----------------------+        
                                         | Access Node Complex  |    
                                         |      (ANX)           | 
           +---------+   +---+  +-----+  |+---+       +-------+ |  +---+     
           |         | +-|NAS|--|Eth  |--||OLT|-<PON>-|ONU/ONT| |--|HGW|  
     NSP---+Regional | | +---+  |Agg  |  |+---+       +-------+ |  +---+    
           |Broadband| | +---+  +-----+  +----------------------+        
           |Network  |-+-|NAS|                  |                              
     ASP---+         | | +---+                  |                              
           |         | | +---+                  |                     
           +---------+ +-|NAS|                  |       +-------+  +---+      
                         +---|                  +-<PON>-|ONU/ONT|--|HGW|   
                                                    |   +-------+  +---+    
                                                    .............  
                                                    |   +-------+  +---+        
                                                    +---|ONU/ONT|--|HGW|  
                                                        +-------+  +---+      
                                 
                                ANCP               ANCP 
                       +<----------------->+<----------->+ 
   
      HGW: Home Gateway  
      NAS: Network Access Server  
      PON: Passive Optical Network  
      OLT: Optical Line Terminal  
      ONT: Optical Network Terminal 
      ONU: Optical Network Unit 
        
                        Figure 4:  All-ANCP ANX Reference Model 
   
   
   
  6. Concept of Access Node Control Mechanism for PON based access  
      
  The high-level communication framework for an Access Node Control 
  Mechanism is shown in Figure 5 for the ALL-ANCP ANX control model. 
  The Access Node Control Mechanism defines a quasi real-time, general-
  purpose method for multiple network scenarios with an extensible 
  communication scheme, addressing the different use cases that are 
   
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  described in the sections that follow. The access node control 
  mechanism is also extended to run between OLT and ONT/ONU. The 
  mechanism consists of control function, and reporting and/or 
  enforcement function. Controller function is used to receive status 
  information or admission requests from the reporting function. It is 
  also used to trigger a certain behavior in the network element where 
  the reporting and/or enforcement function resides.  
   
  The reporting function is used to convey status information to the 
  controller function that requires the information for executing local 
  functions. The enforcement function can be contacted by the 
  controller function to enforce a specific policy or trigger a local 
  action. The messages shown in Figure 5 show the conceptual message 
  flow. The actual use of these flows, and the times or frequencies 
  when these messages are generated depend on the actual use cases, 
  which are described in later sections.  
            
  +--------+  
  | Policy |                               +----+  
  | Server |                    +--<PON>---|ONT |------- HGW  
  +--------+                   +           +----+  +---+       
       |                      +         +----------|ONT|------ HGW  
       |                     +          |          +---+  
       |               +----------------|-------------+  
    +----+             | +----+         |     +-----+ |      +---+  
    |NAS |---------------|    |         |     |     |-|------|HGW|  
    |    |<------------->|    |         |     | ONU | |      +---+  
    +----+     ANCP    | |OLT |------<PON>----|     | |             
       |               | |    |               |     | |       +---+  
       |               | |    |<------------->|     |-------- |HGW|  
       |               | +----+    ANCP       +-----+ |       +---+   
       |               +-----------------------------+                   
       |                    |    Access Node      |                                      
       | Control Request    |                     |            
       | ------------------>| Control Request     |              
       |                    |-------------------->|              
       |                    | Control Response    |  
       | Control Response   |<------------------- |                                      
       |<-------------------|                     |              
       |                    |Admission Request    |  
       | Admission Request  |<--------------------|  
       |<-------------------|                     |              
       |Admission Response  |                     |          
       |------------------->|Admission Response   |             
       |                    |-------------------->|            
       |Information Report  |                     |           
       |<-------------------|                     |  
       Access Node Control     Access Node Control  
           Mechanism                Mechanism       
       <--------------------><-------------------->  
   
                              PPP, DHCP, IP                             
       <----------------------------------------------------------->         
   
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    Figure 5. Conceptual Message Flow for Access Node Control Mechanism 
  in all-ANCP ANX control model       
   
  As discussed previously, in different PON deployment scenarios, ANCP 
  may be used in variant ways and may interwork with other protocols, 
  e.g. OMCI. In the ANCP+OMCI model described earlier, the NAS 
  maintains ANCP adjacency with the OLT while the OLT controls the 
  ONT/ONU via OMCI. The messages shown in Figure 6 show the conceptual 
  message flow for this model.  The actual use of these flows, and the 
  times or frequencies when these messages are generated depend on the 
  actual use cases.  
   
  +--------+  
  | Policy |  
  | Server |  
  +--------+                                  +---+          +---+ 
       |                                +---- |ONT|----------|HGW| 
       |                                |     +---+          +---+ 
       |               +--------------- |-------------+  
    +----+             | +----+         |     +-----+ |      +---+ 
    |NAS |---------------|    |         |     |     |-|------|HGW| 
    |    |<------------->|    |         |     | ONU | |      +---+ 
    +----+     ANCP    | |OLT |------<PON>----|     | |            
       |               | |    |               |     | |      +---+ 
       |               | |    |<------------->|     |--------|HGW| 
       |               | +----+    OMCI       +-----+ |      +---+ 
       |               +-----------------------------+             
       |                    |    Access Node      |                
       | Control Request    |                     |                
       | ------------------>| Control Request     |                
       |                    |-------------------->|                
       |                    | Control Response    |                
       | Control Response   |<------------------- |                
       |<-------------------|                     |                
       |                    |Admission Request    |                
       | Admission Request  |<--------------------|                
       |<-------------------|                     |                
       |Admission Response  |                     |                
       |------------------->|Admission Response   |                
       |                    |-------------------->|                
       |Information Report  |                     |                
       |<-------------------|                     |                
       Access Node Control     Operating Maintenance               
           Mechanism          Control Interface (OMCI)             
       <--------------------><-------------------->                
                                                                   
                              PPP, DHCP, IP                        
       <---------------------------------------------------------> 
   
    Figure 6: Conceptual Message Flow for ANCP+OMCI ANX control model 
   
  7. Multicast   
   
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  With the rise of supporting IPTV services in a resource-efficient 
  way, multicast services are becoming increasingly important.  
   
  In order to gain bandwidth optimization with multicast, the 
  replication of multicast content per access-loop needs to be  
  distributed to the ANX. This can be done by ANX (OLT and ONT/ONU) 
  becoming multicast aware by implementing an IGMP snooping and/or 
  proxy function. The replication thus needs to be distributed between 
  NAS, aggregation nodes, and ANX. In case of GPON, and in case of BPON 
  with Ethernet uplink, this is very viable. By introducing IGMP 
  processing on the ANX and aggregation nodes, the multicast 
  replication process is now divided between the NAS, the aggregation 
  node(s) and ANX. This is in contrast to the ATM-based model, where 
  NAS is the single element responsible for all multicast control and  
  replication. In order to ensure backward compatibility with the ATM-
  based model, the NAS, aggregation node and ANX need to behave as a 
  single logical device. This logical device must have exactly the same 
  functionality as the NAS in the ATM access/aggregation network. The 
  Access Node Control Mechanism can be used to make sure that this 
  logical/functional equivalence is achieved by exchanging the 
  necessary information between the ANX and the NAS.  
   
  An alternative to multicast awareness in the ANX is for the 
  subscriber to communicate the IGMP "join/leave" messages with the 
  NAS, while the ANX is being transparent to these messages. In this 
  scenario, the NAS can use ANCP to create replication state in the ANX 
  for efficient multicast replication. The NAS sends a single copy of 
  the multicast stream towards the ANX. The NAS can perform network-
  based conditional access and multicast admission control on multicast 
  joins, and create replication state in the ANX if the request is 
  admitted by the NAS.  
   
  The following sections describe various use cases related to 
  multicast.      
   
  7.1. Multicast Conditional Access  
   
  In a Broadband FTTP/B/C access scenario, Service Providers may want 
  to dynamically control, at the network level, access to some 
  multicast flows on a per user basis. This may be used in order to 
  differentiate among multiple Service Offers or to realize/reinforce 
  conditional access based on customer subscription. Note that, in some 
  environments, application layer conditional access by means of 
  Digital Rights Management (DRM) for instance may provide sufficient 
  control, so that network-based Multicast conditional access may not 
  be needed. However, network level access control may add to the 
  service security by preventing the subscriber from receiving a non-
  subscribed channel. In addition, it enhances network security by 
  preventing a multicast stream from being sent on a link or a PON 
  based on a non-subscriber request.    
   
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  Where network-based channel conditional access is desired, there are 
  two approaches. It can be done on the NAS along with bandwidth based 
  admission control. The NAS can control the replication state on the 
  ANX based on the outcome of access and bandwidth based admission 
  control. This is covered a later section. The other approach is to 
  provision the necessary conditional access information on the ANX 
  (ONT/ONU and/or OLT) so the ANX can perform the conditional access 
  decisions autonomously.  For these cases, the NAS can use ANCP to 
  provision black and white lists as defined in [RFC5851], on 
  the ANX so that the ANX can decide locally to honor a join or not. It 
  should be noted that in the PON case, the ANX is composed of the 
  ONT/ONU and OLT. Thus, this information can be programmed on the 
  ONT/ONU and/or OLT. Programming this information on the ONT/ONU 
  prevents illegitimate joins from propagating further into the 
  network. A third approach, outside of the scope, may be to program 
  the HGW with the access list.  
  A White list associated with an Access Port identifies the multicast 
  channels that are allowed to be replicated to that port.  A Black 
  list associated with an Access Port identifies the multicast channels 
  that are not allowed to be replicated to that port. It should be 
  noted that the black list if not explicitly programmed is the 
  complement of the white list and vice versa.  
    
  If the ONT/ONU performs IGMP snooping and it is programmed with a 
  channel access list, the ONT/ONU will first check if the requested 
  multicast channel is part of a White list or a Black list associated 
  with the access port on which the IGMP join is received. If the 
  channel is part of a White list, the ONT/ONU will pass the join 
  request upstream towards the NAS. The ONT/ONU must not start 
  replicating the associated multicast stream to the access port if 
  such a stream is received until it gets confirmation that it can do 
  so from the upstream node (NAS or OLT). Passing the channel access 
  list is one of the admission control criteria whereas bandwidth-based 
  admission control is another. If the channel is part of a Black list, 
  the ONT/ONU can autonomously discard the message because the channel 
  is not authorized for that subscriber.   
    
  The ONT/ONU, in addition to forwarding the IGMP join, sends an ANCP 
  admission request to the OLT identifying the channel to be joined and 
  the premises. Premises identification to the OLT can be based on a 
  Customer-Port-ID that maps to the access port on the ONT/ONU and 
  known at the ONT/ONU and OLT. If the ONT/ONU has a white list and/or 
  a black list per premises, the OLT need not have such a list. If the 
  ONT/ONU does not have such a list, the OLT may be programmed with 
  such a list for each premises. In this latter case, the OLT would 
  perform the actions described earlier on the ONT/ONU. Once the 
  outcome of admission control(conditional access and bandwidth based 
  admission control) is determined by the OLT (either by interacting 
  with the NAS or locally), it is informed to the ONT/ONU. OLT 

   
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  Bandwidth based admission control scenarios are defined in a later 
  section.   
    
  The White List and Black List can contain entries allowing:  
    
     -  An exact match for a (*,G) (Any Source Multicast (ASM) group 
  (e.g. <G=g.h.i.l>);  
    
     -  An exact match for a (S,G) Source Specific Multicast (SSM) 
  channel (e.g.  
        <S=s.t.u.v,G=g.h.i.l>);  
    
     -  A mask-based range match for a (*,G) ASM group (e.g. 
  <G=g.h.i.l/  
        Mask>);  
    
     - A mask-based range match for a (S,G) SSM channel (e.g.  
       <S=s.t.u.v,G=g.h.i.l/Mask>);  
    
  The use of a White list and Black list may be applicable, for 
  instance, to regular IPTV services (i.e.  Broadcast TV) offered by an 
  Access Provider to broadband (e.g., FTTP) subscribers.  For this 
  application, the IPTV subscription is typically bound to a specific 
  FTTP home, and the multicast channels that are part of the 
  subscription are well-known beforehand.  Furthermore, changes to the 
  conditional access information are infrequent, since they are bound 
  to the subscription.  Hence the ANX can be provisioned with the 
  conditional access information related to the IPTV service.  
   
  Instead of including the channel list(s) at the ONT/ONU, the OLT or 
  NAS can be programmed with these access lists. Having these access 
  lists on the ONT/ONU prevents forwarding of unauthorized joins to the 
  OLT or NAS, reducing unnecessary control load on these network 
  elements. Similarly, performing the access control at the OLT instead 
  of the NAS, if not performed on the ONT/ONU, will reduce unnecessary 
  control load on the NAS.  
   
  7.2. Multicast Admission Control  
   
  The successful delivery of Triple Play Broadband services is quickly 
  becoming a big capacity planning challenge for most of the Service 
  Providers nowadays. Solely increasing available bandwidth is not 
  always practical, cost-economical and/or sufficient to satisfy end-
  user experience given not only the strict QoS requirements of unicast 
  applications like VoIP and Video on Demand, but also the fast growth 
  of multicast interactive applications such as "video conferencing", 
  digital TV, and digital audio.  These applications typically require 
  low delay, low jitter, low packet loss and high bandwidth. These 
  applications are also typically "non-elastic", which means that they 

   
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  operate at a fixed bandwidth, which cannot be dynamically adjusted to 
  the currently available bandwidth.  
   
  An Admission Control (AC) mechanism covering admission of multicast 
  traffic for the FTTP/B/C access is required, in order to avoid over-
  subscribing the available bandwidth and negatively impacting the end-
  user experience. Before honoring a user request to join a new 
  multicast flow, the combination of ANX and NAS MUST ensure admission 
  control is performed to validate that there is enough video bandwidth 
  remaining on the PON, and on the uplink between the OLT and NAS to 
  carry the new flow (in addition to all other existing multicast and 
  unicast video traffic) and that there is enough video bandwidth for 
  the subscriber to carry that flow. The solution needs to cope with 
  multiple flows per premises and needs to allow bandwidth to be 
  dynamically shared across multicast and unicast video traffic per 
  subscriber, PON, and uplink (irrespective of whether unicast AC is 
  performed by the NAS, or by some off-path Policy Server). It should 
  be noted that the shared bandwidth between multicast and unicast 
  video is under operator control. That is, in addition to the shared 
  bandwidth, some video bandwidth could be dedicated to Video on 
  Demand, while other video bandwidth could be dedicated for multicast. 
  The focus in this document will be on multicast-allocated bandwidth 
  including the shared unicast and multicast bandwidth. Thus, 
  supporting admission control requires some form of synchronization 
  between the entities performing multicast AC (e.g., the ANX and/or 
  NAS), the entity performing unicast AC (e.g. the NAS or a Policy 
  Server), and the entity actually enforcing the multicast replication 
  (i.e., the NAS and the ANX).  This synchronization can be achieved in 
  a number of ways:  
   
     - One approach is for the NAS to perform bandwidth based 
       admission control  
     on all multicast video traffic and unicast video traffic that 
     requires using the shared bandwidth with multicast. Based on the 
     outcome of admission control, NAS then controls the replication 
     state on the ANX.  The subscriber generates an IGMP join for the 
     desired stream on its logical connection to the NAS. The NAS 
     terminates the IGMP message, performs conditional access, and 
     bandwidth based admission control on the IGMP request. The 
     bandwidth admission control is performed against the following:  
    
       1. Available video bandwidth on the link to OLT  
   
       2. Available video bandwidth on the PON interface  
   
       3. Available video bandwidth on the last mile (access-port on 
  the  
          ONT/ONU).   
   

   
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     The NAS can locally maintain and track video bandwidth it manages   
  for all the three levels mentioned above. The NAS can maintain 
  identifiers corresponding to the PON interface and the last mile 
  (customer interface). It also maintains a channel map, associating 
  every channel (or a group of channels sharing the same bandwidth 
  requirement) with a data rate. For instance, in case of 1:1 VLAN 
  representation of the premises, the outer tag (S-VLAN) could be 
  inserted by the ANX to correspond to the PON interface on the OLT, 
  and the inner-tag could be inserted by the ANX to correspond to the 
  access-line towards the customer. Bandwidth tracking and maintenance 
  for the PON interface and the last-mile could be done on these VLAN 
  identifiers. In case of N:1 representation, the single VLAN inserted 
  by ANX could correspond to the PON interface on the OLT. The access 
  loop is represented via Customer-Port-ID received in "Agent Circuit 
  Identifier" sub-option in DHCP messages.  
   
     The NAS can perform bandwidth accounting on received IGMP 
  messages. The video bandwidth is also consumed by any unicast video 
  being delivered to the CPE. NAS can perform video bandwidth 
  accounting and control on both IGMP messages and on requests for 
  unicast video streams when either all unicast admission control is 
  done by the NAS or an external policy server makes a request to the 
  NAS for using shared bandwidth with multicast as described later in 
  the document.   
   
     This particular scenario assumes the NAS is aware of the bandwidth 
  on the PON, and under all conditions can track the changes in 
  available bandwidth on the PON. On receiving an IGMP Join message, 
  NAS will perform bandwidth check on the subscriber bandwidth. If this 
  passes, and the stream is already being forwarded on the PON by the 
  OLT (which also means that it is already forwarded by the NAS to the 
  OLT), NAS will admit the JOIN, update the available subscriber 
  bandwidth, and transmit an ANCP message to the OLT and in turn to the 
  ONT/ONU to start replication on the customer port. If the stream is 
  not already being replicated to the PON by the OLT, the NAS will also 
  check the available bandwidth on the PON, and if it is not already 
  being replicated to the OLT it will check the bandwidth on the link 
  towards the OLT. If this passes, the available PON bandwidth and the 
  bandwidth on the link towards the OLT is updated. The NAS adds the 
  OLT as a leaf to the multicast tree for that stream.   
   
     On receiving the message to start replication, the OLT will add 
  the PON interface to its replication state if the stream is not 
  already being forwarded on that PON. Also, the OLT will send an ANCP 
  message to direct the ONT/ONU to add or update its replication state 
  with the customer port for that channel. The interaction between ANX 
  and NAS is shown in Figures 7 and 8. For unicast video streams, 
  application level signaling from the CPE typically triggers an 
  application server to request bandwidth based admission control from 
  a policy server. The policy server can in turn interact with the NAS 

   
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  to request the bandwidth for the unicast video flow if it needs to 
  use shared bandwidth with multicast. If the bandwidth is available, 
  NAS will reserve the bandwidth, update the bandwidth pools for 
  subscriber bandwidth, the PON bandwidth, and the bandwidth on the 
  link towards the OLT, and send a response to the policy server, which 
  is propagated back to the application server to start streaming. 
  Otherwise, the request is rejected.   
   
                                                 +----+  
                             +---<PON>---------- |ONT |-------- HGW  
                            +                    +----+  
                           +                     +----+  
                          +           +--------- |ONT |-------- HGW  
  +----+               +----+        +           +----+   
  |NAS |---------------|    |------<PON>                            
  |    |<------------->|    |        +           +-----+  
  +----+     ANCP      |OLT |         +--------- |     |------- HGW  
    |                  |    |                    |     |  
    |                  |    |<------------------>| ONU |--------HGW  
    |                  +----+    ANCP            |     |       +---+  
    |                     |                      |     |-------|HGW|  
    |                     |                      +-----+       +---+  
    |           1.IGMP JOIN(S/*,G)                |                |  
    |<------------------------------------------------------------ |  
  2.|                     |                       |                |  
  +=======================+                       |                |  
  [Access Control &       ]                       |                |  
  [Subscriber B/W         ]                       |                |  
  [PON B/W & OLT link B/W ]                       |                |  
  [based Admission Control]                       |                |  
  +=======================+                       |                |  
    |                     |                       |                |                                                                 
    |-------------------> |                       |                |  
  3.ANCP Replication-Start|                       |                |  
    (<S/*,G> or Multicast |                       |                |                                                                
    |MAC,Customer-Port-ID>| --------------------> |                |                     
    |                     |4.ANCP Replication-Start                |  
    |                     |(<S/*,G> or Multicast MAC,Customer-Port-ID)  
    |-------------------> |                       |                |  
    |5.Multicast Flow(S,G)|                       |                |  
    |On Multicast VLAN    |---------------------> |                |  
    |                     |6.Multicast Flow (S,G) |                |  
    |                     |forwarded on           |                |  
    |                     |Unidirectional         |                |  
    |                     |<Multicast GEM-PORT>   |                |  
    |                     |on the PON by OLT      |--------------> |  
                                                  |7. Multicast Flow    
                                                  |forwarded on    |  
                                                  |Customer-Port by|  
                                                  |ONT/OLT.        |                    
                                                  |                |  
  Figure 7. Interactions for NAS based Multicast Admission Control (no  

   
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  IGMP processing on ANX, and NAS maintains available video bandwidth 
  for PON).  
                                               
                                                 +----+  
                             +---<PON>---------- |ONT |-------- HGW  
                            +                    +----+  
                           +                     +----+  
                          +           +--------- |ONT |-------- HGW  
  +----+               +----+        +           +----+   
  |NAS |---------------|    |------<PON>                            
  |    |<------------->|    |        +           +-----+  
  +----+     ANCP      |OLT |         +--------- |     |------- HGW  
    |                  |    |                    |     |  
    |                  |    |<------------------>| ONU |--------HGW  
    |                  +----+    ANCP            |     |        +---+  
    |                     |                      |     |--------|HGW|  
    |                     |                      +-----+        +---+  
    |                     |                       |                |  
    |            IGMP LEAVE(S/*,G)                |                |  
    |<------------------------------------------------------------ |  
    |                     |                       |                |                  
  +====================+  |                       |                |  
  [Admission Control   ]  |                       |                |  
  [<Resource Released> ]  |                       |                |  
  +====================+  |                       |                |  
    |                     |                       |                |  
    |                     |                       |                |  
    |                     |                       |                |  
    |-------------------> |                       |                |  
   ANCP Replication-Stop  |                       |                |  
    (<S/*,G> or Multicast MAC,Customer-Port-ID)   |                |                  
    |                     |                       |                |  
    |                     |---------------------> |                |                     
    |                     | ANCP Replication-Stop |                |  
                         (<S/*,G> or Multicast MAC,Customer-Port-ID)                
      
  Figure 8. Interactions for NAS based Multicast Admission Control (no  
  IGMP processing on ANX, and NAS maintains available video bandwidth 
  for PON).  
   
    
   
    - An alternate approach is required if the NAS is not aware of the 
  bandwidth on the PON. In this case the OLT does the PON bandwidth       
  management, and requests NAS to perform bandwidth admission control 
  on subscriber bandwidth and the bandwidth on the link to the OLT.  
   
       ANX operation:  
   
       - ONT/ONU can snoop IGMP messages. If conditional access is 
  configured and the channel is in the Black list (or it is not on the 
  White list), ONT will drop the IGMP Join. If the channel passes the 
  conditional access check, the ONT will forward the IGMP Join,and will 
   
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  send a bandwidth admission control request to the OLT. In case the 
  multicast stream is already being received on the PON, the ONT/ONU 
  does not forward the stream to the access port where IGMP is received 
  till it has received a positive admission control response from the 
  OLT.  
   
       - OLT can snoop IGMP messages.  It also receives a bandwidth 
  admission control request from the ONT/ONU for the requested 
  channel. It can be programmed with a channel bandwidth map. If 
  the multicast channel is already being streamed on the PON, or 
  the channel bandwidth is less than the multicast available 
  bandwidth on the PON, the OLT forwards the IGMP request to the 
  NAS and keeps track of the subscriber (identified by customer- 
  Port-ID) as a receiver. If the channel is not already being 
  streamed on the PON, but the PON has sufficient bandwidth for 
  that channel, the OLT reduces the PON multicast video bandwidth 
  by the channel bandwidth and may optionally add the PON to the 
  multicast tree without activation for that channel. This is 
  biased towards a forward expectation that the request will be 
  accepted at the NAS. The OLT forwards the IGMP join to the NAS. 
  It also sends a bandwidth admission request to the NAS 
  identifying the channel, and the premises for which the request 
  is made. It sets a timer for the subscriber multicast entry 
  within which it expects to receive a request from the NAS that 
  relates to this request.  If the PON available bandwidth is 
  less than the bandwidth of the requested channel, the OLT sends 
  an admission response (with a reject) to the ONT/ONU, and does not 
  forward the IGMP join to the NAS. 
   
  NAS operation: 
   
  The NAS receives the IGMP join from the subscriber on the 
  subscriber connection.  When NAS receives the admission control 
  request from ANX (also signifying the bandwidth on the PON is 
  available), it performs admission control against the subscriber 
  available multicast bandwidth. If this check passes, and the NAS is 
  already transmitting that channel to the OLT, the request is 
  accepted. If the check passes and the NAS is not transmitting the 
  channel to the OLT yet, it performs admission control against the 
  multicast video available bandwidth (this includes the dedicated 
  multicast bandwidth and the shared bandwidth between multicast and 
  video on demand) on the link(s) to the OLT. If the check passes, 
  the request is accepted, the available video bandwidth for the 
  subscriber and downlink to the OLT are reduced by the channel 
  bandwidth, and the NAS sends an ANCP admission control response 
  (indicating accept) to the OLT, requesting the addition of the 
  subscriber to the multicast tree for that channel. The OLT 
  activates the corresponding multicast entry if not active and 
  maintains state of the subscriber in the list of receivers for that 
  channel. The OLT also sends an ANCP request to the ONT/ONU to enable 

   
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  reception of the multicast channel and forwarding to the subscriber 
  access port. Otherwise, if the request is rejected, the NAS will 
  send an admission reject to the OLT, which in turns removes the 
  subscriber as a receiver for that channel (if it were added), and 
  credits back the channel bandwidth to the PON video bandwidth if 
  there is no other receiver on the PON for that channel. The 
  interactions between ANX and NAS are shown in Figures 9 and 10. 
   
  If the OLT does not receive a response from the NAS within a set 
  timer, the OLT removes the subscriber from the potential list of 
  receivers for the indicated channel. It also returns the allocated 
  bandwidth to the PON available bandwidth if there are no other 
  receivers. In this case, the NAS may send a response to the OLT 
  with no matching entry as the entry has been deleted. The OLT must 
  perform admission control against the PON available bandwidth and 
  may accept the request and send an ANCP request to the ONT/ONU to 
  activate the corresponding multicast entry as described earlier. If 
  it does not accept the request, it will respond back to the NAS 
  with a reject. The NAS shall credit back the channel bandwidth to 
  the subscriber. It shall also stop sending the channel to the OLT 
  if that subscriber was the last leaf on the multicast tree towards 
  the OLT. 
   
  On processing an IGMP leave, the OLT will send an ANCP request to 
  NAS to release resources. NAS will release the subscriber 
  bandwidth. If this leave causes the stream to be no longer required 
  by the OLT, the NAS will update its replication state and release 
  the bandwidth on the NAS to OLT link. 
   
  If the subscriber makes a request for a unicast video stream (i.e., 
  Video on Demand), the request results in appropriate application 
  level signaling, which typically results in an application server 
  requesting a policy server for bandwidth-based admission control 
  for the VoD stream. The policy server after authorizing the 
  request, can send a request to the NAS for the required bandwidth 
  if it needs to use bandwidth that is shared with multicast. This 
  request may be based on a protocol outside of the scope of this 
  document. The NAS checks if the available video bandwidth 
  (accounting for both multicast and unicast) per subscriber and for 
  the link to the OLT is sufficient for the request. If it is, it 
  temporarily reserves the bandwidth and sends an ANCP admission 
  request to the OLT for the subscriber, indicating the desired VoD 
  bandwidth. If the OLT has sufficient bandwidth on the corresponding 
  PON, it reserves that bandwidth and returns an accept response 
  to the NAS. If not, it returns a reject to the NAS. If the NAS 
  receives an accept, it returns an accept to the policy server which 
  in turn returns an accept to the application server, and the video 
  stream is streamed to the subscriber. This interaction is shown in 
  Figure 11. If the NAS does not accept the request from the policy 
  server, it returns a reject. If the NAS receives a reject from the 

   
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  OLT, it returns the allocated bandwidth to the subscriber and 
  the downlink to the OLT. 
                                                +----+  
                                      +-------- |ONT |-------- HGW  
  +----+               +----+        +          +----+   
  |NAS |---------------|    |------<PON>                            
  |    |<------------->|    |        +           +-----+  
  +----+     ANCP      |OLT |         +--------- |     |--------- HGW  
    |                  |    |    ANCP            |     |  
    |                  |    |<-----------------> | ONU |----------HGW  
    |                  +----+                    +-----+         
    |                     |                        |               |  
    |1.IGMP Join(s/*,G) +=============+         +=============+    |  
    |<------------------[IGMP Snooping]---------[IGMP snooping]--- |  
    |                   +=============+         +=============+    |  
    |                     |2.Admission-Request     |               | 
    |                     |(Flow,Customer-Port-ID) |               | 
    |                     |<---------------------- |               |    
    |                3.+===============+           |               |                     
    |                  [ Access Ctrl   ]           |               |  
    |                  [ & PON B/W     ]           |               |  
    |                  [ Admission Ctrl]           |               |  
    |                  +===============+ PASS      |               |  
    |4.Admission-Request  |                        |               |  
    | <Flow,              |                        |               |  
    |  Customer-Port-ID>  |                        |               |  
    |<--------------------|                        |               |  
  5.|                     |                        |               |  
  +=================+     |                        |               |  
  [Subscriber B/W   ]     |                        |               |  
  [& OLT link B/W   ]     |                        |               |  
  [Admission Ctrl   ]     |                        |               |  
  +=================+PASS |                        |               |                     
    |                     |                        |               |  
    |6.Admission-Reply-Pass                        |               |  
    |<Flow,Customer-Port-ID>                       |               |  
    |-------------------->|                        |               |  
    |            7.+========================+      |               |  
    |              [Update Replication State]      |               |  
    |              +========================+      |               |  
    |                     | 8.Admission-Reply-Pass |               |  
    |                     |(<Flow,Cust-Port-ID>    |               |          
    |                     |----------------------> |               |  
    |                     |                 9.+============+       |  
    |                     |                   [Update Repl.]       |  
    |                     |                   [   State    ]       |  
    |                     |                   +============+       |  
   
  Figure 9. Interaction between NAS & ANX for Multicast Bandwidth 
  Admission Control in the All-ANCP ANX control model. Similar 
  functionality will be required when OMCI is enabled between the OLT 
  and ONT/ONU in the ANCP+OMCI ANX control model. In this latter case, 
  the OLT will act as ANCP-OMCI gateway. 
   
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                                                 +----+  
                                      +--------- |ONT |-------- HGW  
  +----+               +----+        +           +----+   
  |NAS |---------------|    |------<PON>                            
  |    |<------------->|    |        +           +-----+  
  +----+     ANCP      |OLT |         +--------- |     |--------- HGW  
    |                  |    |    ANCP            |     |  
    |                  |    |<------------------>| ONU |----------HGW  
    |                  +----+                    +-----+          
    |                     |                        |               |  
    |1.IGMP Join(s/*,G) +=============+        +=============+     |  
    |<------------------[IGMP Snooping]--------[IGMP snooping]---- |  
    |                   +=============+        +=============+     |  
    |                     |2.Admission-Request     |               |  
    |                     |(Flow,Customer-Port-ID) |               |  
    |                     |<---------------------- |               |  
    |                2.+===============+           |               |                     
    |                  [ Access Ctrl   ]           |               |  
    |                  [ & PON B/W     ]           |               |  
    |                  [ Admission Ctrl]           |               |  
    |                  +===============+ PASS      |               |  
    |3.Admission-Request  |                        |               |  
    | <Flow,Customer-Port-ID>                      |               |  
    |<--------------------|                        |               |  
  4.|                     |                        |               |  
  +==================+    |                        |               |  
  [Subscriber B/W    ]    |                        |               |  
  [& OLT link B/W    ]    |                        |               |  
  [Admission Ctrl    ]    |                        |               |  
  +==================+FAIL                         |               |                     
    |                     |                        |               |  
    |5.Admission-Reply-Fail                        |               |  
    |<Flow,Cust-Port-ID>  |                        |               |  
    |-------------------->|                        |               |  
    |            6.+==================+            |               |  
    |              [Release PON B/W   ]            |               |  
    |              [Remove Repl.State ]            |               |  
    |              +==================+            |               |  
    |                     | 7.Admission-Reply-Fail |               |  
    |                     |<Flow,Cust-Port-ID>     |               |         
    |                     |----------------------> |               |  
    |                     |                 8.+============+       |  
    |                     |                   [Remove Repl.]       |  
    |                     |                   [   State    ]       |  
    |                     |                   +============+       |  
      
  Figure 10. Interaction between NAS and ANX for Multicast Bandwidth 
  Admission Control in the All-ANCP ANX control model. Similar 
  functionality will be required when OMCI is enabled between the OLT 
  and ONT/ONU in the ANCP+OMCI ANX control model. In this latter case, 
  the OLT will act as ANCP-OMCI gateway. 
    
   
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  +------------+              1. VoD Request  
  | App. Server|<----------------------------------------------------  
  | Server     |  
  +------------+  
    | 2. Admission-Request (VoD-Flow)  
  +-------+  
  |Policy |  
  |Server |    
  +-------+                                                       
   |  +  
   |<-|---3. Admission-Request  
   |  |                                                                                  
   +  | 8. Admission-Reply  
  +----+        +      +----+                  +-----+  
  |NAS |---------------|OLT |------<PON>-------|ONT  |------HGW----CPE                   
  |    |<------------->|    |                  +-----+       |  
  +----+     ANCP      +----+                      |         |  
    |                     |                        |         |  
  4.|                     |                        |         |      
  +=================+     |                        |         |  
  [Subscriber B/W   ]     |                        |         |  
  [& OLT link B/W   ]     |                        |         |  
  [Admission Ctrl   ]     |                        |         |  
  +=================+PASS |                        |         |                           
    |                     |                        |         |  
    | 5.Admission-Request |                        |         |  
    |(Bandwidth,PON-Port-ID)                       |         |  
    |-------------------> |                        |         |  
    |                     |                        |         |  
    |                6.+===============+           |         |                           
    |                  [   PON B/W     ]           |         |  
    |                  [ Admission Ctrl]           |         |  
    |                  +===============+ PASS      |         |  
    |7.Admission-Reply    |                        |         |  
    | <PON-Port-ID>       |                        |         |  
    |<------------------- |                        |         |  
    |                     |                        |         |  
    |                     |                        |         |  
      
   
  Figure 11. Interactions for VoD Bandwidth Admission Control in the 
  All-ANCP ANX control model. Similar functionality will be required 
  when OMCI is enabled between the OLT and ONT in the ANCP+OMCI ANX 
  control model. In this latter case, the OLT will act as ANCP-OMCI 
  gateway.  
      
     -A third possible approach is where the ANX is assumed to have a 
  full knowledge to make an autonomous decision on admitting or 
  rejecting a multicast and a unicast join. With respect to the 
  interaction between ONT/ONU and OLT, the procedure is similar to the 
  first approach (i.e. NAS controlled replication). However, when the 
  OLT receives an IGMP request from a subscriber, it performs 
  admission control against that subscriber multicast video bandwidth 
  (dedicated and shared with Video on Demand), the PON and uplink to 
   
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  the GWR. It should be noted in this case that if there are multiple 
  NAS-OLT links, either the link on which the multicast stream must 
  be sent is pre-determined, needs to be selected by the OLT based on 
  downstream bandwidth from NAS to OLT and the selection is 
  communicated to the NAS, or the OLT has to be ready to receive the 
  stream on any link. If the check passes, the OLT updates the video 
  available bandwidth per PON and subscriber. The OLT adds the 
  subscriber to the list of receivers and the PON to the multicast 
  tree, if it is not already on it. It also sends an ANCP request to 
  the ONT/ONU to add the subscriber access port to that channel 
  multicast tree, and sends an ANCP message to the NAS informing it of 
  the subscriber and link available video bandwidth and the channel the 
  subscriber joined. The NAS upon receiving the ANCP information 
  message, updates the necessary information, including the OLT to the 
  multicast tree if it is not already on it. It should be noted 
  in this case that the ANCP message from the OLT to the NAS is being 
  used to add the OLT to a multicast tree as opposed to an IGMP 
  message. The IGMP message can also be sent by the OLT with the OLT 
  acting as an IGMP proxy at the expense of added messages. In this 
  option, the OLT acts as the network IGMP router for the subscriber. 
   
  For unicast video streams, the policy server receiving an admission 
  request from an application server, as described before, may query 
  the OLT for admission control as it has all information. If the OLT 
  has sufficient bandwidth for the stream it reserves that bandwidth 
  for the subscriber, PON and OLT uplink to the NAS and returns an 
  accept to the policy server. It also updates the NAS via an ANCP 
  message of the subscriber available video bandwidth. If the OLT 
  rejects the policy server request, it will return a reject to the 
  policy server. 
   
  It should be noted that if the policy server adjacency is with the 
  NAS, the policy server may make the admission request to the NAS. 
  The NAS then sends an ANCP admission request to the OLT on behalf of 
  the policy server. The NAS returns an accept or reject to the policy 
  server if it gets a reject or accept, respectively, from the OLT. 
   
  7.3. Multicast Accounting  
   
  It may be desirable to perform accurate per-user or per Access Loop 
  time or volume based accounting.  In case the ANX is performing the 
  traffic replication process, it knows when replication of a multicast 
  flow to a particular Access Port or user starts and stops. Multicast 
  accounting can be addressed in two ways:  
   
    - ANX keeps track of when replication starts or stops, and reports 
  this information to the NAS for further processing. In this case, 
  ANCP can be used to send the information from the ANX to the NAS. 
  This can be done with the Information Report message. The NAS can 
  then generate the appropriate time and/or volume accounting 
   
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  information per Access Loop and per multicast flow, to be sent to the 
  accounting system. The ANCP requirements to support this approach are 
  specified in [RFC5851]. If the replication function is 
  distributed between the OLT and ONT/ONU, a query from the NAS will 
  result in OLT generating a query to the ONT/ONU.  
   
    - ANX keeps track of when replication starts or stops, and 
  generates the time and/or volume based accounting information per 
  Access Loop and per multicast flow, before sending it to a central 
  accounting system for logging. Since ANX communicates with this 
  accounting system directly, the approach does not require the use of 
  ANCP. It is therefore beyond the scope of this document;  
   
  It may also be desirable for the NAS to have the capability to 
  asynchronously query the ANX to obtain an instantaneous status report 
  related to multicast flows currently replicated by the ANX. Such a 
  reporting functionality could be useful for troubleshooting and 
  monitoring purposes. If the replication function in the ANX is 
  distributed between the OLT and the ONT/ONU, then for some of the 
  information required by the NAS (such as the list of access-ports on 
  which a flow is being forwarded or list of flows being forwarded on 
  an access-port), a query to the OLT from the NAS will result in a 
  query from OLT to ONT/ONU. The OLT responds back to the NAS when it 
  receives the response from the ONT/ONU. Also, if the list of PONs on 
  which replication is happening for a multicast channel or the list of 
  channels being replicated on a PON is what is desired, the OLT can 
  return this information.  
   
  8. Remote Connectivity Check  
   
  In an end-to-end Ethernet aggregation network, end-to-end Ethernet 
  OAM as specified in IEEE 802.1ag and ITU-T Recommendation Y.1730/1731 
  can provide Access Loop connectivity testing and fault isolation. 
  However, most HGWs do not yet support these standard Ethernet OAM 
  procedures. Also, in a mixed Ethernet and ATM access network (e.g., 
  Ethernet based aggregation upstream from the OLT, and BPON 
  downstream), interworking functions for end-to-end OAM are not yet 
  standardized or widely available. Until such mechanisms become 
  standardized and widely available, Access Node Control mechanism 
  between NAS and ANX can be used to provide a simple mechanism to test 
  connectivity of an access-loop from the NAS.  
   
  Triggered by a local management interface, the NAS can use the Access 
  Node Control Mechanism (Control Request Message) to initiate an 
  Access Loop test between Access Node and HGW or ONT/ONU. On reception 
  of the ANCP message, the OLT can trigger native OAM procedures 
  defined for BPON in [G.983.1] and for GPON in [G.984.1]. The Access 
  Node can send the result of the test to the NAS via a Control 
  Response message.  
   
   
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  9. Access Topology Discovery  
   
  In order to avoid congestion in the network, manage and utilize the 
  network resources better, and ensure subscriber fairness, NAS 
  performs hierarchical shaping and scheduling of the traffic by 
  modeling different congestion points in the network (such as the 
  last-mile, Access Node uplink, and the access facing port).  
   
  Such mechanisms require that the NAS gains knowledge about the 
  topology of the access network, the various links being used and 
  their respective rates. Some of the information required is somewhat 
  dynamic in nature (e.g.  DSL line rate in case the last mile is xDSL 
  based, e.g., in case of "PON fed DSLAMs" for FTTC/FTTB scenarios), 
  hence cannot come from a provisioning and/or inventory management OSS 
  system. Some of the information varies less frequently (e.g., 
  capacity of the OLT uplink), but nevertheless needs to be kept 
  strictly in sync between the actual capacity of the uplink and the 
  image the NAS has of it.  
   
  OSS systems are rarely able to enforce in a reliable and scalable 
  manner the consistency of such data, notably across organizational 
  boundaries under certain deployment scenarios.  The Access Topology 
  Discovery function allows the NAS to perform these advanced functions 
  without having to depend on an error-prone and possibly complex 
  integration with an OSS system.  
   
  The rate of the access-loop can be communicated via ANCP (Information 
  Report Message) from the ONT/ONU to the OLT in the All-ANCP ANX 
  control model or via OMCI in the ANCP+OMCI ANX control model, and 
  then from OLT to the NAS via ANCP. Additionally, during the time the 
  DSL NT is active, data rate changes can occur due to environmental 
  conditions (the DSL Access Loop can get "out of sync" and can retrain 
  to a lower value, or the DSL Access Loop could use Seamless Rate 
  Adaptation making the actual data rate fluctuate while the line is 
  active). In this case, ANX sends an additional Information Report to 
  the NAS each time the Access Loop attributes change above a threshold 
  value. Existing DSL procedures are not applicable in this case 
  because an adapted message flow and additional TLVs are needed. 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
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  +--------+ 
  | Policy | 
  | Server | 
  +--------+                   +                    +---+     +---+ 
       |                      +         +-----------|ONT|---- |HGW| 
       |                     +          |           +---+     +---+ 
       |               +--------------- |-------------------+  
    +----+             | +----+         |           +-----+ | +---+ 
    |NAS |------------ | |    |         |           |     |-|-|HGW| 
    |    |<----------> | |    |         |           |ONT/ | | +---+ 
    +----+     ANCP    | |OLT |------<PON>--------- |ONU  | |            
       |               | |    |                     |     | | +---+ 
       |               | |    |<------------------> |     |---|HGW| 
       |               | +----+       OMCI          +-----+ | +---+ 
       |               +------------------------------------+ 
       |                    |      Access Node        | 
       |                    |                         | 
       |                    |------GPON Ranging------ | 
       | Port Status Message|      ONT Port UP        | 
       |<------------------ |<----------------------- | 
       |Port Configuration  |GPON Line/Service Profile| 
       |------------------> |<----------------------> | 
       |     ONT/ONI Port UP|                         | 
       |<------------------ |                         | 
       |                    |                         | 
       |      ANCP          |         OMCI            |                            
       <-------------------><-----------------------> | 
                              PPP, DHCP, IP             
       <-----------------------------------------------------------> 
   
    Figure 12: Message Flow for the use case of Topology Discovery for 
  the ANCP+OMCI access control model.   
   
  Figure 12 depicts a message flow for topology discovery when using 
  the ANCP+OMCI access control model. Basically, when an ONT/ONU gets 
  connected to a PON, the OLT detects a new device and a GPON Ranging 
  process starts. During this process the ONT/ONU becomes authorized by 
  the OLT and identified by ONT/ONU ID, PON Port ID and max Bandwidth. 
  This port status is reported via ANCP to the NAS and then potentially 
  the policy server via another mechanism that is out of scope of this 
  document. In a second step after GPON Service profile is assigned 
  from OLT to ONT/ONU, the OLT reports the final status to NAS with 
  information about service profile and other information such as the 
  ONT/ONU port rate to the subscriber for instance. 
   
  10.Access Loop Configuration 
      
  Topology Discovery reports access port identification to NAS when 
  sending an Access Port Discovery message. This informs NAS 
  identification of PON port on an Access Node. Based on Access Port 
  Identification and on customer identification, service related 
  parameters could be configured on an OLT and an ONU/ONT.  
   
   
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  Service related parameters could be sent to OLT via ANCP before or 
  after an ONU/ONT is up. Sending of ANCP loop Configuration messages 
  from NAS can be triggered by a management system or by customer 
  identification and authentication after Topology Discovery. It may be 
  used for first time configuration (zero touch) or for 
  updating/upgrading customer's profile like C-VLAN ID, S-VLAN ID, and 
  service bandwidth.  
   
  Parameters of UNI (subscriber interface to HGW/CPE) of ONU/ONT can 
  also be configured via ANCP. When the ONU/ONT supports ANCP, 
  parameters of the UNI on ONU/ONT are sent to the ONU/ONT via ANCP. If 
  the ONU/ONT does not support ANCP, but only OMCI, parameters have to 
  be sent from the NAS to the OLT via ANCP first. Then, the OLT 
  translates such configuration into OMCI and sends it to the ONU/ONT. 
   
  9  Security Considerations  
   
  [RFC5713] lists the ANCP related security threats that could be 
  encountered on the Access Node and the NAS. It develops a threat 
  model for ANCP security, and lists the security functions that are 
  required at the ANCP level.  
   
  With Multicast handling as described in this document, ANCP protocol 
  activity between the ANX and the NAS is triggered by join/leave 
  requests coming from the end-user equipment.  This could potentially 
  be used for denial of service attack against the ANX and/or the NAS.  
   
  To mitigate this risk, the NAS and ANX MAY implement control plane 
  protection mechanisms such as limiting the number of multicast flows 
  a given user can simultaneously join, or limiting the maximum rate of 
  join/leave from a given user.  
    
  Protection against invalid or unsubscribed flows can be deployed via 
  provisioning black lists as close to the subscriber as possible (e.g. 
  in the ONT).   
   
   
   
  10 Differences in ANCP applicability between DSL and PON  
   
  As it currently stands, both ANCP framework [RFC5851] and 
  protocol [RFC6320] are defined in context of DSL access. Due to 
  inherent differences between PON and DSL access technologies, ANCP 
  needs a few extensions for supporting the use-cases outlined in this 
  document for PON based access. These specific differences and 
  extensions are outlined below.  
   
  - In PON, the access-node functionality is split between OLT and ONT. 
  Therefore, ANCP interaction between NAS and AN translates to 
  transactions between NAS and OLT and between OLT and ONT. The 

   
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  processing of ANCP messages (e.g. for multicast replication control) 
  on the OLT can trigger generation of ANCP messages from OLT to ONT. 
  Similarly, ANCP messages from ONT to the OLT can trigger ANCP 
  exchange between the ONT and the NAS (e.g. admission-request 
  messages). This is illustrated in the generic message flows in 
  Figures 5 
  and 6 of section 6. In case of DSL, the ANCP exchange is contained 
  between 
  two network elements (NAS and the DSLAM). 
   
  - The PON connection to the ONT is a shared medium between multiple 
  ONTs on the same PON. The local-loop in case of DSL is point-to- 
  point. In case of DSL access network, the access facing port on the 
  NAS (i.e. port to the network between NAS and the DSLAM), and the 
  access-facing ports on the DSLAM (i.e. customer's local-loop) are the 
  two bandwidth constraint points that need to be considered for 
  performing bandwidth based admission control for multicast video and 
  VOD delivered to the customer. In case of PON access, in addition to 
  the bandwidth constraint on the NAS to OLT facing ports, and the 
  subscriber allocated bandwidth for video services, the bandwidth 
  available on the PON for video is an additional constraint that needs 
  to be considered for bandwidth based admission control. If the 
  bandwidth control is centralized in NAS (as described in option 1 of 
  section 7.2), then the NAS needs to support additional logic to 
  consider available PON bandwidth before admitting a multicast request 
  or a VOD request by the user. Accordingly, ANCP needs to identify the 
  customer access port and the PON on which the customer ONT is. If the 
  PON bandwidth control is performed on the OLT (as defined in second 
  option in section 7.2), then additional ANCP request and response 
  messages are required for NAS to query the OLT to determine available 
  PON bandwidth when a request to admit a VOD flow is received on the 
  NAS (as shown in Figure 9 in section 7.2) or for the OLT to inform 
  the NAS what stream bandwidth is sent to the subscriber for the NAS 
  to take appropriate action (e.g., bandwidth adjustment for various 
  types of traffic). 
   
  - In PON, the multicast replication can potentially be performed on 
  three different network elements: (1) on the NAS (2) on the OLT for 
  replication to multiple PON ports and (3) on the ONT/ONU for 
  replication to multiple customer ports. In case of DSL, the 
  replication can potentially be performed on NAS and/or the DSLAM. 
  Section 7.2 defines options for multicast replication in case of PON. 
  In the first option, the multicast replication is done on the AN, but 
  is controlled from NAS via ANCP (based on the reception of per- 
  customer IGMP messages on the NAS). In this option, the NAS needs to 
  supply to the OLT the set of PON-customer-IDs (as defined in section 
  3) to which the multicast stream needs to be replicated. The PON- 
  customer-ID identifies the OLT and the PON ports on the OLT as well 
  as the ONT and the access-ports on the ONT where the multicast stream 
  needs to be replicated. Upon receiving the request to update its 

   
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  multicast replication state, the OLT MUST update its replication 
  state with the indicated PON ports, but MAY also need to interact 
  with the ONT via ANCP to update the multicast replication state on 
  the ONT with the set of access-ports (as indicated by the NAS).In 
  case of DSL, the DSLAM only needs to update its own replication state 
  based on the set of access-ports indicated by the NAS. 
   
  - For reporting purposes, ANCP must enable the NAS to query the OLT 
  for channels replicated on a PON or a list of PONs and to specific 
  access ports. The latter should trigger the OLT to query the ONT for 
  a list of channels being replicated on all access ports or on 
  specific access ports to the premise. In DSL case, it is sufficient 
  to query the DSLAM for a list of channels being replicated on an 
  access port or a list of access ports. 
   
  11.ANCP versus OMCI between the OLT and ONT/ONU 
   
  ONT Management and Control Interface (OMCI) [OMCI] is specified for 
  in-band ONT management via the OLT. This includes configuring 
  parameters on the ONT/ONU. Such configuration can include adding an 
  access port on the ONT to a multicast tree and the ONT to a multicast 
  tree. Thus, OMCI can be a potential replacement for ANCP between the 
  OLT and ONT/ONU, albeit it may not be suitable protocol for dynamic 
  transactions as required for the multicast application.  
   
  If OMCI is selected to be enabled between the OLT and ONT/ONU to 
  carry the same information elements that would be carried over ANCP, 
  the OLT must perform the necessary translation between ANCP and OMCI 
  for replication control messages received via ANCP. OMCI is an 
  already available control channel, while ANCP requires a TCP/IP stack 
  on the ONT/ONU that can be used by an ANCP client and accordingly it 
  requires that the ONT/ONU be IP addressable for ANCP. Most ONTs/ONUs 
  today have a TCP/IP stack used by certain applications (e.g., VoIP, 
  IGMP snooping). ANCP may use the same IP address that is often 
  assigned to SIP or depending on the implementation may require a 
  different address. Sharing the same IP address between SIP and ANCP 
  may have other network implications on traffic routing. Using a 
  separate IP address for the purpose of ONT/ONU management or ANCP 
  specifically may often be required when supporting ANCP. These 
  considerations may favor OMCI in certain environments. However, OMCI 
  will not allow some of the transactions required in approach 2, where 
  the ONT/ONU sends unsolicited requests to the OLT rather than being 
  queried or configured by OLT requests.  
   
  12. IANA Considerations  
   
   This document does not require actions by IANA.  
   
  13. Acknowledgements  
      
   
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  14. References  
   
  14.1. Normative References  
   
  [RFC2516]  Mamakos, L., Lidl, K., Evarts, J., Carrel, D., Simone, D., 
  and R. Wheeler, "A Method for Transmitting PPP Over 
  Ethernet (PPPoE)", RFC 2516, February 1999. 
   
  [RFC2684]  Grossman, D. and J. Heinanen, "Multiprotocol Encapsulation 
  over ATM Adaptation Layer 5", RFC 2684, September 1999. 
        
  14.2. Informative References  
   
  [RFC2881] Mitton, D. and M. Beadles, "Network Access Server 
  Requirements Next Generation (NASREQNG) NAS Model", RFC 2881, Jul 
  2000. 
   
  [RFC5851] Ooghe, S., et al., "Framework and Requirements 
  for Access Node Control Mechanism in Broadband Networks", RFC 5851, 
  May 2010. 
   
  [G.983.1] ITU-T recommendation G.983.1, Broadband optical access 
  systems based on Passive Optical Networks (PON). 
   
  [G.984.1] ITU-T recommendation G.984.1 Gigabit-capable Passive 
  Optical Networks (G-PON): General characteristics 
   
  [TR-101] Cohen, A. and E. Shrum, "Migration to Ethernet-Based DSL 
  Aggregation", DSL Forum TR-101, May 2006. 
   
  [RFC5713] Moustafa, H., Tschofenig, H., and S. De Cnodder, 
  "Security Threats and Security Requirements for the Access Node 
  Control Protocol (ANCP)", RFC 5713, January 2010. 
   
  [OMCI] ITU-T recommendation G.984.4 GPON ONT Management and Control 
  Interface (OMCI) Specifications. 
   
  [RFC6320] Taylor, T., et al, "Protocol for Access Node Control 
  Mechanism in Broadband Networks", RFC 6320,  October 2011. 
   
       
  Authors' Addresses  
   
     Nabil Bitar   
     Verizon  
     60 Sylvan Road  
     Waltham, MA 02451  
     Email: nabil.n.bitar@verizon.com  
       
   
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  Internet Draft     draft-ietf-ancp-pon-02                 January 2012

     Sanjay Wadhwa   
     Alcatel-Lucent 
     701 East Middlefield Road
     Mountain View, CA, 94043   
     Email: sanjay.wadhwa@alcatel-lucent.com 
    
     Hongyu Li 
     Email: hongyu.lihongyu@huawei.com 
   
     Thomas Haag 
     Email: HaagT@telekom.de 

   
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