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Applicability of Access Node Control Mechanism to PON based Broadband Networks
draft-ietf-ancp-pon-04

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Document Type
This is an older version of an Internet-Draft that was ultimately published as RFC 6934.
Authors Dr. Nabil N. Bitar , Sanjay Wadhwa
Last updated 2013-02-21 (Latest revision 2012-12-19)
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draft-ietf-ancp-pon-04
Network Working Group                          Nabil Bitar(ed.)  
                                               Verizon  
Internet Draft                                                   
Intended Status: Informational                 Sanjay Wadhwa (ed.)  
                                               Alcatel-Lucent  
Expires: June 02, 2013               
                                               Thomas Haag  
                                               Deutsche Telekom  
                                         
                                               Hongyu Li     
                                               Huawei Technologies  
                                         
                                               December 02, 2012 
         
      
                                         
      
            Applicability of Access Node Control Mechanism to                     
                     PON based Broadband Networks   
                                              
                      draft-ietf-ancp-pon-04.txt  
      
Abstract 

      
     The purpose of this document is to provide applicability of the  
     Access Node Control mechanism to PON-based broadband access. The 
     need for an Access Node Control mechanism between a Network 
     Access Server (NAS) and an Access Node Complex (a combination of 
     Optical Line Termination (OLT) and Optical Network Termination 
     (ONT) elements) is described in a multi-service reference 
     architecture in order to perform QoS-related, service-related and 
     Subscriber-related operations. The Access Node Control mechanism 
     is also extended for interaction between components of the Access 
     Node Complex (OLT and ONT). The Access Node Control mechanism 
     will ensure that the transmission of information between the NAS 
     and Access Node Complex (ANX) and between the OLT and ONT within 
     an ANX does not need to go through distinct element managers but 
     rather uses a direct device-to-device communication and stays on 
     net. This allows for performing access link related operations 
     within those network elements to meet performance objectives. 
      

      

      
      
      
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     Internet-Draft      draft-ietf-ancp-pon-04       December 2012 
Status of this Memo
     This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the 
     provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. 

      

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     http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.  

      

     Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six 
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     in progress." 

      

     This Internet-Draft will expire on June 02,2013. 

      

     Copyright Notice 

      

     Copyright (c) 2012 IETF Trust and the persons identified as 
     the document authors. All rights reserved. 

      

     This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal 
     Provisions Relating to IETF Documents 
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     of publication of this document. Please review these documents 
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     without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License. 

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Internet-Draft       draft-ietf-ancp-pon-04       December 2012 
            

Table of Contents 

     1. Introduction............................................ 
 4 
     2. Terminology............................................. 
 5 
     3. Motivation for explicit extension of ANCP to FTTx PON.... 7 
     4. Reference Model for PON Based Broadband Access Network..  8 
        4.1. Functional Blocks                                   11 
             4.1.1. Home Gateway............................... 
 11 
             4.1.2. PON Access.................................  11 
             4.1.3. Access Node Complex........................ 
 11 
             4.1.4. Access Node Complex Uplink to the NAS...... 
 12 
             4.1.5. Aggregation Network........................  12 
             4.1.6. Network Access Server...................... 
 12 
             4.1.7. Regional Network........................... 
 12 
        4.2. Access Node Complex Control Reference 
             Architecture Options                                13 
             4.2.1. ANCP+OMCI ANX Control......................  13 
             4.2.2. All-ANCP ANX Control....................... 
 14 
      5. Concept of Access Node Control Mechanism for PON 
        Based Access...........................................  15 
      6. Multicast............................................. 
 18 
         6.1. Multicast Conditional Access                       19 
         6.2. Multicast Admission Control                        21 
         6.3. Multicast Accounting                               33 
      7. Remote Connectivity Check.............................  34 
      8. Access Topology Discovery.............................  35 
      9. Access Loop Configuration.............................  37 
      10. Security Considerations..............................  37 
      11. Differences in ANCP applicability between DSL and PON. 38 
      12. ANCP versus OMCI between the OLT and ONT/ONU.........  39 
      13. IANA Consideration................................... 
 40 
      14. Acknowledgements..................................... 
 40 
      15. References.....................................,..... 
 40 
          15.1. Normative References                             40 
          15.2. Informative References                           41 
         
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     Internet-Draft       draft-ietf-ancp-pon-04       December 2012 
 1. Introduction 

      
     Passive Optical Networks (PONs) based on BPON [G.983.1] and GPON 
     [G.984.1] are being deployed across carrier networks. There are 
     two models for PON deployment: Fiber to the building/curb 
     (FTTB/FTTC), and Fiber to the Premises (FTTP). In the FTTB/C 
     deployment, the last mile connectivity to the subscriber premises 
     is provided over the local Copper loop, often using Very High 
     Speed Digital Subscriber line (VDSL). In the FTTP case, PON 
     extends to the premises of the subscriber. In addition, there are 
     four main PON technologies: (1) Broadband PON (BPON), (2) Gigabit 
     PON (GPON), (3) 10-Gigabit PON (XGPON), and (4) Ethernet PON 
     (EPON). This document describes the applicability of Access Node 
     Control Protocol (ANCP) in the context of FTTB/C and FTTP 
     deployments, focusing on BPON, GPON and XPON. Architectural 
     considerations lead to different ANCP compositions. Therefore, 
     the composition of ANCP communication between Access Nodes and 
     Network Access Server (NAS) is described using different models. 
      
     BPON, GPON and XPON in FTTP deployments provide large bandwidth 
     in the first mile, bandwidth that is an order of magnitude larger 
     than that provided by xDSL. In the downstream direction, BPON 
     provides 622 Mbps per PON while GPON provides 2.4 Gbps, and XPON 
     provides 10 Gbps. 
      
     In residential deployments, the number of homes sharing the same 
     PON is limited by the technology and the network engineering 
     rules. Typical deployments have 32-64 homes per PON. 
      
     The motive behind BPON, GPON and XPON deployment is providing 
     triple-play services over IP: voice, video and data. Voice is 
     generally low bandwidth but has low-delay, low-jitter, and low 
     packet-loss requirements. Data services (e.g., Internet services) 
     often require high throughput and can tolerate medium latency. 
     Data services may include multimedia content download such as 
     video. However, in that case, the video content is not required 
     to be real-time and/or it is low quality video. Video services, 
     on the other hand, are targeted to deliver Standard Definition or 
     High Definition video content in real-time or near-real time, 
     depending on the service model. Standard Definition content using 
     MPEG2 encoding requires on the order of 3.75 Mbps per stream 
     while High definition content using MPEG2 encoding requires on 
     the order of 15-19 Mbps depending on the level of compression 
     used. Video services require low-jitter and low-packet loss with 
     low start-time latency. There are two types of video services: on 
     demand and broadcast (known also as liner programming content). 
     While linear programming content can be provided over Layer1 on 

      
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     the PON, the focus in this document is on delivering linear 
     programming content over IP to the subscriber, using IP 
     multicast. Video on demand is also considered for delivery to the 
     subscriber over IP using a unicast session model. 
      
     Providing simultaneous triple-play services over IP with unicast 
     video and multicast video, VoIP and data requires an architecture 
     that preserves the quality of service of each service. 
     Fundamental to this architecture is ensuring that the video 
     content (unicast and multicast) delivered to the subscriber does 
     not exceed the bandwidth allocated to the subscriber for video 
     services. Architecture models often ensure that data is 
     guaranteed a minimum bandwidth and that VoIP is guaranteed its 
     own bandwidth. In addition, QoS control across services is often 
     performed at a Network Access Server (NAS), often referred to as 
     Broadband Network Gateway (BNG) for subscriber management, per 
     subscriber and shared link resources. Efficient multicast video 
     services require enabling multicast services in the access 
     network between the subscriber and the subscriber management 
     platform. In the FTTP/B/C PON environment, this implies enabling 
     IP multicast on the Access Node (AN) complex composed of the 
     Optical Network Terminal (ONT) or Unit (ONU) and Optical Line 
     Terminal (OLT), as applicable. This is as opposed to Digital 
     Subscriber Line (DSL) deployments where multicast is enabled on 
     the DSL Access Multiplexer (DSLAM) only. The focus in this 
     document will be on the ANCP requirements needed for coordinated 
     admission control of unicast and multicast video in FTTP/B/C PON 
     environments between the AN complex (ANX) and the NAS, 
     specifically focusing on bandwidth dedicated for multicast and 
     shared bandwidth between multicast and unicast. 
      
     [RFC5851] provides the framework and requirements for 
     coordinated admission control between a NAS and an AN with 
     special focus on DSL deployments. This document extends that 
     framework and the related requirements to explicitly address 
     PON deployments. 
      
2.  Terminology 

      
     - PON (Passive Optical Network) [G.983.1][G.984.1]: a point-to-
     multipoint fiber to the premises network architecture in which 
     unpowered splitters are used to enable the splitting of an 
     optical signal from a central office on a single optical fiber to 
     multiple premises. Up to 32-128 may be supported on the same PON. 
     A PON configuration consists of an Optical Line Terminal (OLT) at 

      
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     Internet-Draft       draft-ietf-ancp-pon-04       December 2012 
     the Service Provider's Central Office (CO) and a number of 
     Optical Network Units or Terminals (ONU/ONT) near end users, with 
     an optical distribution network (ODN) composed of fibers and 
     splitters between them. A PON configuration reduces the amount of 
     fiber and CO equipment required compared with point-to-point 
     architectures. 
      
     - Access Node Complex (ANX): The Access Node Complex is composed 
     of two geographically separated functional elements OLT and 
     ONU/ONT. The general term Access Node Complex (ANX) will be used 
     when describing a functionality which does not depend on the 
     physical location but rather on the "black box" behavior of OLT 
     and ONU/ONT. 
      
     -Optical Line Terminal (OLT): is located in the Service 
     provider's central office (CO). It terminates and aggregates 
     multiple PONs (providing fiber access to multiple premises or 
     neighborhoods) on the subscriber side, and interfaces with the 
     Network Access server (NAS) that provides subscriber management. 
      
     - Optical Network Terminal (ONT): terminates PON on the network 
     side and provides PON adaptation. The subscriber side interface 
     and the location of the ONT are dictated by the type of network 
     deployment. For a Fiber-to-the-Premise (FTTP) deployment (with 
     Fiber all the way to the apartment or living unit), ONT has 
     Ethernet (FE/GE/MoCA) connectivity with the Home Gateway 
     (HGW)/Customer Premise Equipment(CPE). In certain cases, one ONT 
     may provide connections to more than one Home Gateway at the same 
     time. 
      
     -Optical Network Unit (ONU): A generic term denoting a device 
     that terminates any one of the distributed (leaf) endpoints of an 
     Optical Distribution Node (ODN), implements a PON protocol, and 
     adapts PON PDUs to subscriber service interfaces. In case of an 
     MDU multi-dwelling or multi-tenant unit, a multi-subscriber ONU 
     typically resides in the basement or a wiring closet (FTTB case), 
     and has FE/GE/Ethernet over native Ethernet link or over xDSL 
     (typically VDSL) connectivity with each CPE at the subscriber 
     premises. In the case where fiber is terminated outside the 
     premises (neighborhood or curb side) on an ONT/ONU, the last-leg-
     premises connections could be via existing or new Copper, with 
     xDSL physical layer (typically VDSL). In this case, the ONU 
     effectively is a "PON fed DSLAM". 
      
     -Network Access Server (NAS): Network element which aggregates 
     subscriber traffic from a number of ANs or ANXs. The NAS is often 
     an injection point for policy management and IP QoS in the access 

      
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     Internet-Draft       draft-ietf-ancp-pon-04       December 2012 
     network. It is also referred to as Broadband Network Gateway 
     (BNG) or Broadband Remote Access Server (BRAS). 
     
     -Home Gateway (HGW): Network element that connects subscriber 
     devices to the AN or ANX and the access network. In case of xDSL, 
     the Home Gateway is an xDSL network termination that could either 
     operate as a Layer 2 bridge or as a Layer 3 router. In the latter 
     case, such a device is also referred to as a Routing Gateway 
     (RG). In the case of PON, it is often a Layer3 routing device 
     with the ONT performing PON termination. 
     
     -PON-Customer-ID: This is an identifier which uniquely identifies 
     the ANX and the access loop logical port on the ANX to the 
     subscriber (customer) premises, and is used in any interaction 
     between NAS and ANX that relates to access-loops. Logically it is 
     composed of information containing identification of the OLT (the 
     OLT may be physically directly connected to the NAS), the PON 
     port on the OLT, the ONT/ONU, and the port on the ONT/ONU 
     connecting to the subscriber HGW. When acting as a DHCP relay 
     agent, the OLT can encode PON-Customer-ID in the "Agent-Circuit-
     Identifier" Sub-option in Option-82 of the DHCP messages [RFC3046]. 
      
3. Motivation for explicit extension of ANCP to FTTx PON 

      
     The fundamental difference between PON and DSL is that a PON is 
     an optical broadcast network by definition. That is, at the PON 
     level, every ONT on the same PON sees the same signal. However, 
     the ONT filters only those PON frames addressed to it. Encryption 
     is used on the PON to prevent eavesdropping. 
      
     The broadcast PON capability is very suitable to delivering 
     multicast content to connected premises, maximizing bandwidth 
     usage efficiency on the PON. Similar to DSL deployments, enabling 
     multicast on the Access Node Complex (ANX) provides for bandwidth 
     use efficiency on the path between the Access Node and the NAS as 
     well as improves the scalability of the NAS by reducing the 
     amount of multicast traffic being replicated at the NAS. However, 
     the broadcast capability on the PON enables the AN (OLT) to send 
     one copy on the PON as opposed to one copy to each receiver on 
     the PON. The PON multicast capability can be leveraged in the 
     case of GPON and BPON as discussed in this document. 
      
     Fundamental to leveraging the broadcast capability on the PON for 
     multicast delivery is the ability to assign a single encryption 
     key for all PON frames carrying all multicast channels or a key 
     per set of multicast channels that correspond to service 
     packages, or none. It should be noted that the ONT can be a 

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     Internet-Draft       draft-ietf-ancp-pon-04       December 2012 
     multi-Dwelling Unit (MDU) ONT with multiple Ethernet ports, each 
     connected to a living unit. Thus, the ONT must not only be able 
     to receive a multicast frame, but must also be able to forward 
     that frame only to the Ethernet port with receivers for the 
     corresponding channel. 
      
     In order to implement triple-play service delivery with necessary 
     "quality-of-experience", including end-to-end bandwidth optimized 
     multicast video delivery, there needs to be tight coordination 
     between the NAS and the ANX. This interaction needs to be near 
     real-time as services are requested via application or network 
     level signaling by broadband subscribers. ANCP as defined in 
     [RFC5851] for DSL based networks is very suitable to realize a 
     control protocol (with transactional exchange capabilities), 
     between PON enabled ANX and the NAS, and also between the 
     components comprising the ANX, i.e., between OLT and the ONT. 
     Typical use cases for ANCP in PON environment include the 
     following: 
      
            - Access topology discovery   
         
            - Access Loop Configuration  
         
            - Multicast    
         
                 - Optimized multicast delivery   
         
                 - Unified video resource control   
         
                 - NAS based provisioning of ANX   
         
            - Remote connectivity check  
           

4. Reference Model for PON Based Broadband Access Network 

      
     An overall end-to-end reference architecture of a PON access 
     network is depicted in Figure 1 and Figure 2 with ONT serving a 
     single HGW, and ONT/ONU serving multiples HGWs, respectively. An 
     OLT may provide FTTP and FTTB/C access at the same time but most 
     likely not on the same PON port. Specifically, the following PON 
     cases are addressed in the context of this reference 
     architecture: 
      
      

      
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     Internet-Draft       draft-ietf-ancp-pon-04       December 2012 
      
             - BPON with Ethernet uplink to the NAS and ATM on the PON 
     side. 
      
             - GPON/XPON with Ethernet uplink to the NAS and Ethernet 
     on the PON side 
      
     In case of an Ethernet aggregation network that supports new QoS-
     enabled IP services (including Ethernet multicast replication), 
     the architecture builds on the reference architecture specified 
     in the Broadband Forum (BBF) [TR-101]. The Ethernet aggregation 
     network between a NAS and an OLT may be degenerated to one or 
     more direct physical Ethernet links. 
      
     Given the industry move towards Ethernet as the new access and 
     aggregation technology for triple play services, the primary 
     focus throughout this document is on GPON/XPON and BPON with 
     Ethernet between the NAS and the OLT. 
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      

      
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                                            Access           Customer 
                                <---------Aggregation-------><-Prem-> 
                                            Network           Network  
                                                 
                                         +------------------+ 
                                         |  Access Node     |   
                                         |  Complex (ANX)   |          
           +---------+   +---+  +-----+  |+---+       +---+ |  +---+ 
           |         | +-|NAS|--|Eth  |--||OLT|-<PON>-|ONT|-|--|HGW| 
     NSP---+Regional | | +---+  |Agg  |  |+---+       +---+ |  +---+ 
           |Broadband| | +---+  +-----+  +------------------+ 
           |Network  |-+-|NAS|                  | 
     ASP---+         | | +---+                  | 
           |         | | +---+                  | 
           +---------+ +-|NAS|                  |       +---+  +---+ 
                         +---|                  +-<PON>-|ONT|--|HGW| 
                                                    |   +---+  +---+ 
                                                    |  
                                                    |   +---+  +---+ 
                                                    +---|ONT|--|HGW| 
                                                        +---+  +---+ 
           HGW      : Home Gateway 
           NAS      : Network Access Server 
           PON      : Passive Optical Network 
           OLT      : Optical Line Terminal 
           ONT      : Optical Network Terminal 
                            
                       Figure 1:  Access Network with PON. 
      
                                                           FE/GE/VDSL   
                                                           +---+ +---+   
                                  +----------------+       |   |-|HGW|   
           +---------+   +-----+  | +-----+  +----+|       |   | +---+   
           |         | +-|NAS  |--| |Eth  |--|OLT||-<PON>- |   |    
     NSP---+Regional | | +-----+  | |Agg  |  |    ||     | |ONT| +---+ 
           |         | |          | |     |  |    ||     | | or|-|HGW|   
           |Broadband| | +-----+  | +-----+  +----+|     | |ONU| +---+   
           |Network  |-+-|NAS  |  +----------------+     | |   |        
     ASP---+         | | +-----+                         | |   | +---+   
           |         | | +-----+                         | |   |-|HGW|   
           +---------+ +-|NAS  |                         | +---+ +---+   
                         +-----+                         |     
                                                         | +---+ +---+   
                                                         +-|ONT|-|HGW|   
                                                           +---+ +---+      
     Figure 2: FTTP/FTTB/C with multi-subscriber ONT/ONU serving 
     MTUs/MDUs. 
      
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     Internet-Draft       draft-ietf-ancp-pon-04       December 2012 
      
     The following sections describe the functional blocks and network 
     segments in the PON access reference architecture. 
         

4.1. Functional Blocks 

         

4.1.1. Home Gateway 

         

     The Home Gateway (HGW) connects the different Customer Premises 
     Equipment (CPE) to the ANX and the access network. In case of 
     PON, the HGW is a layer 3 router. In this case, the HGW performs 
     IP configuration of devices within the home via DHCP, and 
     performs Network Address and Port Translation (NAPT) between the 
     LAN and WAN side. In case of FTTP/B/C, the HGW connects to the 
     ONT/ONU over an Ethernet interface. That Ethernet interface could 
     be over an Ethernet physical port or over another medium. In case 
     of FTTP, it is possible to have a single box GPON CPE solution, 
     where the ONT encompasses the HGW functionality as well as the 
     GPON adaptation function. 
      
4.1.2. PON Access 

      
     PON access is composed of the ONT/ONU and OLT. PON ensures 
     physical connectivity between the ONT/ONU at the customer 
     premises and the OLT. PON framing can be BPON (in case of BPON) 
     or GPON (in case of GPON). The protocol encapsulation on BPON is 
     based on multi-protocol encapsulation over AAL5, defined in 
     [RFC2684].  This covers PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE, defined in 
     [RFC2516]), or bridged IP (IPoE). The protocol encapsulation on 
     GPON is always IPoE. In all cases, the connection between the AN 
     (OLT) and the NAS (or BNG) is assumed to be Ethernet in this 
     document. 
      
4.1.3. Access Node Complex 

      

     This is composed of OLT and ONT/ONU and is defined in section 2. 

      

      
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4.1.4. Access Node Complex Uplink to the NAS 

         

     The ANX uplink connects the OLT to the NAS. The fundamental 
     requirements for the ANX uplink are to provide traffic 
     aggregation, Class of Service distinction and customer separation 
     and traceability. This can be achieved using an ATM or an 
     Ethernet based technology. The focus in this document is on 
     Ethernet as stated earlier. 
      
4.1.5. Aggregation Network 

      
     The aggregation network provides traffic aggregation towards the 
     NAS. The Aggregation network is assumed to be Ethernet in this 
     document.    
      
4.1.6. Network Access Server 

      
     The NAS is a network device which aggregates multiplexed 
     Subscriber traffic from a number of ANXs. The NAS plays a central 
     role in per-subscriber policy enforcement and QoS. It is often 
     referred to as a Broadband Network Gateway (BNG) or Broadband 
     Remote Access Server (BRAS). A detailed definition of the NAS is 
     given in [RFC2881]. The NAS interfaces to the aggregation network 
     by means of 802.1Q or 802.1 Q-in-Q Ethernet interfaces, and 
     towards the Regional Network by means of transport interfaces 
     (e.g., GigE, PPP over SONET). The NAS functionality corresponds 
     to the BNG functionality described in BroadBand Forum (BBF) TR-
     101 [TR-101]. In addition, the NAS supports the Access Node 
     Control functionality defined for the respective use cases in 
     this document. 
      
4.1.7. Regional Network 

      
     The Regional Network connects one or more NAS and associated 
     Access Networks to Network Service Providers (NSPs) and 
     Application Service Providers (ASPs). The NSP authenticates 
     access and provides and manages the IP address to Subscribers. It 
     is responsible for overall service assurance and includes 
     Internet Service Providers (ISPs). The ASP provides application 
     services to the application Subscriber (gaming, video, content on 
     demand, IP telephony, etc.). The NAS can be part of the NSP 
     network. Similarly, the NSP can be the ASP. 
      

      
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4.2. Access Node Complex Control Reference Architecture Options 

      
     Section 3 details the differences between xDSL access and PON 
     access and the implication of these differences on DSLAM control 
     vs. OLT and ONT/ONU (access node complex (ANX)) control. The 
     following sections describe two reference models: (1) ANCP+OMCI 
     ANX control, and (2) all-ANCP ANX control. That is, the two 
     models differ in the ONT/ONU control within the ANX. 
     Implementations, out of the scope of this document, may choose to 
     implement one or the other based on the ONT/ONU type and the 
     capabilities of the ONT/ONU and OLT. It is possible for an OLT or 
     an OLT PON port to connect to ONTs/ONUs with different 
     capabilities and for these two models to co-exist on the same OLT 
     and same PON. Section 12 describes the differences between OMCI 
     and ANCP in controlling the ONU/ONT. 
      
     OMCI is designed as a protocol between the OLT and ONT/ONU. It 
     enables the OLT to configure and administer capabilities on the 
     ONT/ONU in BPON, GPON and XPON. ANCP is designed as a protocol 
     between the NAS and access node. It enables the NAS to enforce 
     dynamic policies on the access node, and the access node to 
     report events to the NAS among other functions. 
      
4.2.1. ANCP+OMCI ANX Control 

      
     Figure 3 depicts the reference model for ANCP+OMCI ANX control. 
     In this model, ANCP is enabled between the NAS and a connected 
     OLT, and OMCI is enabled between the OLT and an attached ONT/ONU. 
     NAS communicates with the ANX via ANCP. The OLT acts as an 
     ANCP/OMCI gateway for communicating necessary events and policies 
     between the OLT and ONT/ONU within the ANX and for communicating 
     relevant policies and events between the ONT/ONU and the NAS. The 
     functionality performed by the OLT as ANCP/OMCI gateway will be 
     application dependent (e.g., multicast control, topology 
     discovery) and should be specified in a related specification. It 
     should be noted that some applications are expected to require 
     extensions. Such extensions are expected to be outside of ANCP 
     scope, and may need to be defined by the ITU-T. It should be 
     noted that OMCI, in addition to configuration and administration, 
     provides the capability to report status changes on an ONT/ONU 
     with AVC (Attribute Value Change) notifications. When ONT/ONU's 
     DSL or Ethernet UNI attributes change, a related ME (management 
     Entity) will send a corresponding notification (AVC) to the OLT. 
     The OLT interworks such notification into an ANCP report and 
     sends it to the connected NAS via the ANCP session between the 
     OLT and the NAS. As the ANCP report contains information of 

      
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     ONT/ONU's UNI and OLT's PON port, NAS can obtain accurate 
     information of access topology. 
       
                                       +----------------------+           
                                       |         ANX          |  
           +---------+   +---+  +---+  |+---+       +-------+ | +---+  
           |         | +-|NAS|--|Eth|--||OLT|-<PON>-|ONU/ONT|-|-|HGW|  
     NSP---+Regional | | +---+  |Agg|  |+---+       +-------+ | +---+  
           |Broadband| | +---+  +---+  +----------------------+              
           |Network  |-+-|NAS|               |                              
     ASP---+         | | +---+               |                              
           |         | | +---+               |                              
           +---------+ +-|NAS|               |       +-------+ +---+  
                         +---|               +-<PON>-|ONU/ONT|-|HGW|  
                                                  |  +-------+ +---+               
                                                  |  +---+     +---+  
                                                  +--|ONT|-----|HGW|  
                                                     +---+     +---+  
                                ANCP                 OMCI  
                       +<--------------->+<----------->+  
         
        HGW: Home Gateway   
        NAS: Network Access Server   
        PON: Passive Optical Network   
        OLT: Optical Line Terminal   
        ONT: Optical Network Terminal  
        ONU: Optical Network Unit  
      
     Figure 3: Access Network with single ANCP+OMCI access control 

         

4.2.2. All-ANCP ANX Control 

         

     Figure 4 depicts the All-ANCP ANX control reference model. In 
     this model, an ANCP session is enabled between a NAS and a 
     connected OLT, and another ANCP session is enabled between the 
     OLT and a connected ONT/ONU. ANCP enables communication of 
     policies and events between the OLT and the ANX. The OLT acts as 
     a gateway to relay policies and events between the NAS and 
     ONT/ONU within the ANX in addition to communicating policies and 
     events between the OLT and ONT/ONU. It should be noted that in 
     this model, OMCI(not shown) is expected to be simultaneously 
     enabled between the ONT and OLT, supporting existing OMCI 
      
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     capabilities and applications on the PON, independent of ANCP or 
     applications intended to be supported by ANCP.   
      
      
                                       +----------------------+         
                                       | Access Node Complex  |     
                                       |      (ANX)           |  
           +---------+   +---+  +---+  |+---+       +-------+ |  +---+      
           |         | +-|NAS|--|Eth|--||OLT|-<PON>-|ONU/ONT| |--|HGW|   
     NSP---+Regional | | +---+  |Agg|  |+---+       +-------+ |  +---+     
           |Broadband| | +---+  +---+  +----------------------+         
           |Network  |-+-|NAS|                |                               
     ASP---+         | | +---+                |                               
           |         | | +---+                |                      
           +---------+ +-|NAS|                |       +-------+  +---+       
                         +---|                +-<PON>-|ONU/ONT|--|HGW|    
                                                  |   +-------+  +---+    
                                                  |    
                                                  |   +-------+  +---+         
                                                  +---|ONU/ONT|--|HGW|   
                                                      +-------+  +---+       
                                                                         
                                ANCP               ANCP  
                       +<----------------->+<---------->+  
         
         HGW: Home Gateway   
         NAS: Network Access Server   
         PON: Passive Optical Network   
         OLT: Optical Line Terminal   
         ONT: Optical Network Terminal  
         ONU: Optical Network Unit  
              
                   Figure 4:  All-ANCP ANX Reference Model  
      

5. Concept of Access Node Control Mechanism for PON Based 
        Access 

      
     The high-level communication framework for an Access Node Control 
     mechanism is shown in Figure 5 for the ALL-ANCP ANX control 
     model. The Access Node Control mechanism defines a quasi real-
     time, general-purpose method for multiple network scenarios with 
     an extensible communication scheme, addressing the different use 
     cases that are described in the sections that follow. The access 
     node control mechanism is also extended to run between OLT and 
      
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     ONT/ONU. The mechanism consists of control function, and 
     reporting and/or enforcement function. Controller function is 
     used to receive status information or admission requests from the 
     reporting function. It is also used to trigger a certain behavior 
     in the network element where the reporting and/or enforcement 
     function resides. 
      
     The reporting function is used to convey status information to 
     the controller function that requires the information for 
     executing local functions. The enforcement function can be 
     contacted by the controller function to enforce a specific policy 
     or trigger a local action. The messages shown in Figure 5 show 
     the conceptual message flow. The actual use of these flows, and 
     the times or frequencies when these messages are generated depend 
     on the actual use cases, which are described in later sections.     
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
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     Internet-Draft       draft-ietf-ancp-pon-04       December 2012     
       +--------+   
       | Policy |                               +----+   
       | Server |                    +--<PON>---|ONT |------- HGW   
       +--------+                   +           +----+  +---+        
            |                      +         +----------|ONT|----HGW   
            |                     +          |          +---+   
            |               +----------------|-------------+   
         +----+             | +----+         |     +-----+ |    +---+   
         |NAS |---------------|    |         |     |     |-|----|HGW|   
         |    |<------------->|    |         |     | ONU | |    +---+   
         +----+     ANCP    | |OLT |------<PON>----|     | |              
            |               | |    |               |     | |    +---+   
            |               | |    |<------------->|     |------|HGW|   
            |               | +----+    ANCP       +-----+ |    +---+    
            |               +------------------------------+                    
            |                    |    Access Node      |                                       
            | Control Request    |                     |             
            | ------------------>| Control Request     |               
            |                    |-------------------->|               
            |                    | Control Response    |   
            | Control Response   |<------------------- |                                       
            |<-------------------|                     |               
            |                    |Admission Request    |   
            | Admission Request  |<--------------------|   
            |<-------------------|                     |               
            |Admission Response  |                     |           
            |------------------->|Admission Response   |              
            |                    |-------------------->|             
            |Information Report  |                     |            
            |<-------------------|                     |   
            Access Node Control     Access Node Control   
                Mechanism                Mechanism        
            <--------------------><-------------------->   
         
                                   PPP, DHCP, IP                              
            <------------------------------------------------------>   
      
     Figure 5: Conceptual message flow for Access Node Control 
     mechanism in all-ANCP ANX control model. 
         
     As discussed previously, in different PON deployment scenarios, 
     ANCP may be used in variant ways and may interwork with other 
     protocols, e.g., OMCI. In the ANCP+OMCI model described earlier, 
     the NAS maintains ANCP adjacency with the OLT while the OLT 
     controls the ONT/ONU via OMCI. The messages shown in Figure 6 
     show the conceptual message flow for this model.  The actual use 
     of these flows, and the times or frequencies when these messages 
     are generated depend on the actual use cases. 
      
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     Internet-Draft       draft-ietf-ancp-pon-04       December 2012                                                             
       +--------+   
       | Policy |   
       | Server |                                  +---+        +---+ 
       +--------+                            +---- |ONT|--------|HGW|
            |                                |     +---+        +---+
            |               +--------------- |-------------+   
         +----+             | +----+         |     +-----+ |    +---+
         |NAS |---------------|    |         |     |     |-|----|HGW|
         |    |<------------->|    |         |     | ONU | |    +---+
         +----+     ANCP    | |OLT |------<PON>----|     | |          
            |               | |    |               |     | |    +---+
            |               | |    |<------------->|     |------|HGW|
            |               | +----+    OMCI       +-----+ |    +---+
            |               +-----------------------------+         
            |                    |    Access Node      |             
            | Control Request    |                     |            
            | ------------------>| Control Request     |             
            |                    |-------------------->|            
            |                    | Control Response    |            
            | Control Response   |<------------------- |                 
            |<-------------------|                     |           
            |                    |Admission Request    |                 
            | Admission Request  |<--------------------|            
            |<-------------------|                     |                 
            |Admission Response  |                     |             
            |------------------->|Admission Response   |                 
            |                    |-------------------->|                 
            |Information Report  |                     |             
            |<-------------------|                     |                 
              ANCP Mechanoism            OMCI           
            <--------------------><-------------------->                                                                                      
                                   PPP, DHCP, IP                         
            <------------------------------------------------------->
         
     Figure 6: Conceptual Message Flow for ANCP+OMCI ANX control model.  
      
6. Multicast 

      
     With the rise of supporting IPTV services in a resource-efficient 
     way, multicast services are becoming increasingly important. 
      
     In order to gain bandwidth optimization with multicast, the 
     replication of multicast content per access-loop needs to be 
     distributed to the ANX. This can be done by ANX (OLT and ONT/ONU) 
     becoming multicast aware by implementing an IGMP snooping and/or 
     proxy function. The replication thus needs to be distributed 
     between NAS, aggregation nodes, and ANX. In case of GPON, and in 
     case of BPON with Ethernet uplink, this is very viable. By 
      
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     introducing IGMP processing on the ANX and aggregation nodes, the 
     multicast replication process is now divided between the NAS, the 
     aggregation node(s) and ANX. This is in contrast to the ATM-based 
     model where NAS is the single element responsible for all 
     multicast control and replication. In order to ensure backward 
     compatibility with the ATM-based model, the NAS, aggregation node 
     and ANX need to behave as a single logical device. This logical 
     device must have exactly the same functionality as the NAS in the 
     ATM access/aggregation network. The Access Node Control Mechanism 
     can be used to make sure that this logical/functional equivalence 
     is achieved by exchanging the necessary information between the 
     ANX and the NAS. 
      
     An alternative to multicast awareness in the ANX is for the 
     subscriber to communicate the IGMP "join/leave" messages with the 
     NAS, while the ANX is being transparent to these messages. In 
     this scenario, the NAS can use ANCP to create replication state 
     in the ANX for efficient multicast replication. The NAS sends a 
     single copy of the multicast stream towards the ANX. The NAS can 
     perform network-based conditional access and multicast admission 
     control on multicast joins, and create replication state in the 
     ANX if the request is admitted by the NAS. 
      
     The following sections describe various use cases related to 
     multicast. 
      
6.1. Multicast Conditional Access 

      
     In a Broadband FTTP/B/C access scenario, Service Providers may 
     want to dynamically control, at the network level, access to some 
     multicast flows on a per user basis. This may be used in order to 
     differentiate among multiple Service Offers or to 
     realize/reinforce conditional access based on customer 
     subscription. Note that, in some environments, application layer 
     conditional access by means of Digital Rights Management (DRM) 
     for instance may provide sufficient control so that network-based 
     Multicast conditional access may not be needed. However, network 
     level access control may add to the service security by 
     preventing the subscriber from receiving a non-subscribed 
     channel. In addition, it enhances network security by preventing 
     a multicast stream from being sent on a link or a PON based on a 
     non-subscriber request. 
      
     Where network-based channel conditional access is desired, there 
     are two approaches. It can be done on the NAS along with 
     bandwidth-based admission control. The NAS can control the 
     replication state on the ANX based on the outcome of access and 

      
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     bandwidth based admission control. This is covered in a later 
     section. The other approach is to provision the necessary 
     conditional access information on the ANX (ONT/ONU and/or OLT) so 
     the ANX can perform the conditional access decisions 
     autonomously.  For these cases, the NAS can use ANCP to provision 
     black and white lists as defined in [RFC5851] on the ANX so that 
     the ANX can decide locally to honor a join or not. It should be 
     noted that in the PON case, the ANX is composed of the ONT/ONU 
     and OLT. Thus, this information can be programmed on the ONT/ONU 
     and/or OLT. Programming this information on the ONT/ONU prevents 
     illegitimate joins from propagating further into the network. A 
     third approach, outside of the scope, may be to program the HGW 
     with the access list. A White list associated with an Access Port 
     identifies the multicast channels that are allowed to be 
     replicated to that port. A Black list associated with an Access 
     Port identifies the multicast channels that are not allowed to be 
     replicated to that port. It should be noted that the black list 
     if not explicitly programmed is the complement of the white list 
     and vice versa. 
      
     If the ONT/ONU performs IGMP snooping and it is programmed with a 
     channel access list, the ONT/ONU will first check if the 
     requested multicast channel is part of a White list or a Black 
     list associated with the access port on which the IGMP join is 
     received. If the channel is part of a White list, the ONT/ONU 
     will pass the join request upstream towards the NAS. The ONT/ONU 
     must not start replicating the associated multicast stream to the 
     access port if such a stream is received until it gets 
     confirmation that it can do so from the upstream node (NAS or 
     OLT). Passing the channel access list is one of the admission 
     control criteria whereas bandwidth-based admission control is 
     another. If the channel is part of a Black list, the ONT/ONU can 
     autonomously discard the message because the channel is not 
     authorized for that subscriber. 
      
     The ONT/ONU, in addition to forwarding the IGMP join, sends an 
     ANCP admission request to the OLT identifying the channel to be 
     joined and the premises. Premises identification to the OLT can 
     be based on a Customer-Port-ID that maps to the access port on 
     the ONT/ONU and known at the ONT/ONU and OLT. If the ONT/ONU has 
     a white list and/or a black list per premises, the OLT need not 
     have such a list. If the ONT/ONU does not have such a list, the 
     OLT may be programmed with such a list for each premises. In this 
     latter case, the OLT would perform the actions described earlier 
     on the ONT/ONU. Once the outcome of admission control 
     (conditional access and bandwidth based admission control) is 
     determined by the OLT (either by interacting with the NAS or 
     locally), it is informed to the ONT/ONU. OLT Bandwidth based 

      
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     admission control scenarios are defined in a later section. 
     The White List and Black List can contain entries allowing: 
          
          -  An exact match for a (*,G) Any Source Multicast (ASM)   
     group (e.g., <G=g.h.i.l>);   
          
          -  An exact match for a (S,G) Source Specific Multicast 
     (SSM)channel (e.g., <S=s.t.u.v,G=g.h.i.l>);   
          
          -  A mask-based range match for a (*,G) ASM group (e.g.,  
       <G=g.h.i.l/Mask>);   
          
          - A mask-based range match for a (S,G) SSM channel (e.g.,   
            <S=s.t.u.v,G=g.h.i.l/Mask>);   
          
     The use of a White list and Black list may be applicable, for 
     instance, to regular IPTV services (i.e., Broadcast TV) offered 
     by an Access Provider to broadband (e.g., FTTP) subscribers.  For 
     this application, the IPTV subscription is typically bound to a 
     specific FTTP home, and the multicast channels that are part of 
     the subscription are well-known beforehand. Furthermore, changes 
     to the conditional access information are infrequent, since they 
     are bound to the subscription.  Hence the ANX can be provisioned 
     with the conditional access information related to the IPTV 
     service. 
      
     Instead of including the channel list(s) at the ONT/ONU, the OLT 
     or NAS can be programmed with these access lists. Having these 
     access lists on the ONT/ONU prevents forwarding of unauthorized 
     joins to the OLT or NAS, reducing unnecessary control load on 
     these network elements. Similarly, performing the access control 
     at the OLT instead of the NAS, if not performed on the ONT/ONU, 
     will reduce unnecessary control load on the NAS. 
      
6.2. Multicast Admission Control 

      
     The successful delivery of Triple Play Broadband services is 
     quickly becoming a big capacity planning challenge for most of 
     the Service Providers nowadays. Solely increasing available 
     bandwidth is not always practical, cost-economical and/or 
     sufficient to satisfy end-user experience given not only the 
     strict QoS requirements of unicast applications like VoIP and 
     Video on Demand, but also the fast growth of multicast 
     interactive applications such as "video conferencing", digital 
     TV, and digital audio. These applications typically require low 
     delay, low jitter, low packet loss and high bandwidth. These 

      
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     applications are also typically "non-elastic", which means that 
     they operate at a fixed bandwidth, which cannot be dynamically 
     adjusted to the currently available bandwidth.   
         
     An Admission Control (AC) mechanism covering admission of 
     multicast traffic for the FTTP/B/C access is required in order to 
     avoid over-subscribing the available bandwidth and negatively 
     impacting the end-user experience. Before honoring a user request 
     to join a new multicast flow, the combination of ANX and NAS must 
     ensure admission control is performed to validate that there is 
     enough video bandwidth remaining on the PON, and on the uplink 
     between the OLT and NAS to carry the new flow (in addition to all 
     other existing multicast and unicast video traffic) and that 
     there is enough video bandwidth for the subscriber to carry that 
     flow. The solution needs to cope with multiple flows per premises 
     and needs to allow bandwidth to be dynamically shared across 
     multicast and unicast video traffic per subscriber, PON, and 
     uplink (irrespective of whether unicast AC is performed by the 
     NAS, or by some off-path Policy Server). It should be noted that 
     the shared bandwidth between multicast and unicast video is under 
     operator control. That is, in addition to the shared bandwidth, 
     some video bandwidth could be dedicated to Video on Demand, while 
     other video bandwidth could be dedicated for multicast. 
      
     The focus in this document will be on multicast-allocated 
     bandwidth including the shared unicast and multicast bandwidth. 
     Thus, supporting admission control requires some form of 
     synchronization between the entities performing multicast AC 
     (e.g., the ANX and/or NAS), the entity performing unicast AC 
     (e.g., the NAS or a Policy Server), and the entity actually 
     enforcing the multicast replication (i.e., the NAS and the ANX).  
     This synchronization can be achieved in a number of ways: 
      
       - One approach is for the NAS to perform bandwidth based 
          admission control on all multicast video traffic and 
          unicast video traffic that requires using the shared 
          bandwidth with multicast. Based on the outcome of admission 
          control, NAS then controls the replication state on the 
          ANX. The subscriber generates an IGMP join for the desired 
          stream on its logical connection to the NAS. The NAS 
          terminates the IGMP message, and performs conditional 
          access and bandwidth based admission control on the IGMP 
          request. The bandwidth admission control is performed 
          against the following: 
          
            1. Available video bandwidth on the link to OLT   
            2. Available video bandwidth on the PON interface   

      
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            3. Available video bandwidth on the last mile (access-port 
     on the ONT/ONU).    
      
     The NAS can locally maintain and track video bandwidth it manages 
     for all the three levels mentioned above. The NAS can maintain 
     identifiers corresponding to the PON interface and the last mile 
     (customer interface). It also maintains a channel map, 
     associating every channel (or a group of channels sharing the 
     same bandwidth requirement) with a data rate. For instance, in 
     case of 1:1 VLAN representation of the premises, the outer tag 
     (S-VLAN) could be inserted by the ANX to correspond to the PON 
     interface on the OLT, and the inner-tag could be inserted by the 
     ANX to correspond to the access-line towards the customer. 
     Bandwidth tracking and maintenance for the PON interface and the 
     last-mile could be done on these VLAN identifiers. In case of N:1 
     representation, the single VLAN inserted by ANX could correspond 
     to the PON interface on the OLT. The access loop is represented 
     via Customer-Port-ID received in "Agent Circuit Identifier" sub-
     option in DHCP messages. 
      
     The NAS can perform bandwidth accounting on received IGMP 
     messages. The video bandwidth is also consumed by any unicast 
     video being delivered to the CPE. NAS can perform video bandwidth 
     accounting and control on both IGMP messages and on requests for 
     unicast video streams when either all unicast admission control 
     is done by the NAS or an external policy server makes a request 
     to the NAS for using shared bandwidth with multicast as described 
     later in the document. 
      
     This particular scenario assumes the NAS is aware of the 
     bandwidth on the PON, and under all conditions can track the 
     changes in available bandwidth on the PON. On receiving an IGMP 
     Join message, NAS will perform bandwidth check on the subscriber 
     bandwidth. If this passes, and the stream is already being 
     forwarded on the PON by the OLT (which also means that it is 
     already forwarded by the NAS to the OLT), NAS will admit the 
     JOIN, update the available subscriber bandwidth, and transmit an 
     ANCP message to the OLT and in turn to the ONT/ONU to start 
     replication on the customer port. If the stream is not already 
     being replicated to the PON by the OLT, the NAS will also check 
     the available bandwidth on the PON, and if it is not already 
     being replicated to the OLT it will check the bandwidth on the 
     link towards the OLT. If this passes, the available PON bandwidth 
     and the bandwidth on the link towards the OLT are updated. The 
     NAS adds the OLT as a leaf to the multicast tree for that stream. 
     On receiving the message to start replication, the OLT will add 
     the PON interface to its replication state if the stream is not 

      
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     already being forwarded on that PON. Also, the OLT will send an 
     ANCP message to direct the ONT/ONU to add or update its 
     replication state with the customer port for that channel. The 
     interaction between ANX and NAS is shown in Figures 7 and 8. For 
     unicast video streams, application level signaling from the CPE 
     typically triggers an application server to request bandwidth 
     based admission control from a policy server. The policy server 
     can in turn interact with the NAS to request the bandwidth for 
     the unicast video flow if it needs to use shared bandwidth with 
     multicast. If the bandwidth is available, NAS will reserve the 
     bandwidth, update the bandwidth pools for subscriber bandwidth, 
     the PON bandwidth, and the bandwidth on the link towards the OLT, 
     and send a response to the policy server, which is propagated 
     back to the application server to start streaming. Otherwise, the 
     request is rejected. 
      
      
      

      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
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                                                      +----+   
                                  +---<PON>---------- |ONT |------ HGW   
                                 +                    +----+   
                                +                     +----+   
                               +           +--------- |ONT |------ HGW   
       +----+               +----+        +           +----+    
       |NAS |---------------|    |------<PON>                             
       |    |<------------->|    |        +           +-----+   
       +----+     ANCP      |OLT |         +--------- |     |----- HGW   
         |                  |    |                    |     |   
         |                  |    |<------------------>| ONU |------HGW   
         |                  +----+    ANCP            |     |     +---+   
         |                     |                      |     |-----|HGW|   
         |                     |                      +-----+     +---+   
         |           1.IGMP JOIN(S/*,G)                |              |   
         |<---------------------------------------------------------- |   
       2.|                     |                       |              |   
       +=======================+                       |              |   
       [Access Control &       ]                       |              |   
       [Subscriber B/W         ]                       |              |   
       [PON B/W & OLT link B/W ]                       |              |   
       [based Admission Control]                       |              |   
       +=======================+                       |              |   
         |                     |                       |              |                                         
         |-------------------> |                       |              |   
       3.ANCP Replication-Start|                       |              |   
         (<S/*,G> or Multicast |                       |              |                                         
         |MAC,Customer-Port-ID>| --------------------> |              |                      
         |                     |4.ANCP Replication-Start              |   
         |                  (<S/*,G> or Multicast MAC,Customer-Port-ID)   
         |-------------------> |                       |              |   
         |5.Multicast Flow(S,G)|                       |              |   
         |On Multicast VLAN    |---------------------> |              |   
         |                     |6.Multicast Flow (S,G) |              |   
         |                     |forwarded on           |              |   
         |                     |Unidirectional         |              |   
         |                     |<Multicast GEM-PORT>   |              |   
         |                     |on the PON by OLT      |------------->|   
                                                      7. Multicast Flow     
                                                       orwarded on    |   
                                                      Customer-Port by|   
                                                       |ONT/OLT.      |                     
                                                       |              |   
      
     Figure 7: Interactions for NAS based Multicast Admission Control 
     (no IGMP processing on ANX, and NAS maintains available video 
     bandwidth for PON) upon channel join. 
      
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                                                      +----+   
                                  +---<PON>---------- |ONT |----- HGW   
                                 +                    +----+   
                                +                     +----+   
                               +           +--------- |ONT |----- HGW   
       +----+               +----+        +           +----+    
       |NAS |---------------|    |------<PON>                             
       |    |<------------->|    |        +           +-----+   
       +----+     ANCP      |OLT |         +--------- |     |---- HGW   
         |                  |    |                    |     |   
         |                  |    |<------------------>| ONU |-----HGW   
         |                  +----+    ANCP            |     |     +---+   
         |                     |                      |     |-----|HGW|   
         |                     |                      +-----+     +---+   
         |                     |                       |              |   
         |            IGMP LEAVE(S/*,G)                |              |   
         |<-----------------------------------------------------------|   
         |                     |                       |              |                   
       +====================+  |                       |              |   
       [Admission Control   ]  |                       |              |   
       [<Resource Released> ]  |                       |              |   
       +====================+  |                       |              |   
         |                     |                       |              |   
         |                     |                       |              |   
         |                     |                       |              |   
         |-------------------> |                       |              |   
        ANCP Replication-Stop  |                       |              |   
         (<S/*,G> or Multicast MAC,Customer-Port-ID)   |              |                   
         |                     |                       |              |   
         |                     |---------------------> |              |                      
         |                     | ANCP Replication-Stop |              |   
                           (<S/*,G> or Multicast MAC,Customer-Port-ID)                 
                                                                 
     Figure 8: Interactions for NAS based Multicast Admission Control 
     (no IGMP processing on ANX, and NAS maintains available video 
     bandwidth for PON) upon channel leave.   
           
         - An alternate approach is required if the NAS is not aware 
     of the bandwidth on the PON. In this case the OLT does the PON 
     bandwidth management, and requests NAS to perform bandwidth 
     admission control on subscriber bandwidth and the bandwidth on 
     the link to the OLT. Following are operations of various 
     elements:   
         
            ANX operation:          
            - ONT/ONU can snoop IGMP messages. If conditional access 
     is configured and the channel is in the Black list (or it is not 
     on the  White list), ONT will drop the IGMP Join. If the channel 
      
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     passes the conditional access check, the ONT will forward the 
     IGMP Join, and will send a bandwidth admission control request to 
     the OLT. In case the multicast stream is already being received 
     on the PON, the ONT/ONU does not forward the stream to the access 
     port where IGMP is received till it has received a positive 
     admission control response from the OLT. 
         
          - OLT can snoop IGMP messages.  It also receives a bandwidth 
     admission control request from the ONT/ONU for the requested 
     channel. It can be programmed with a channel bandwidth map. If 
     the multicast channel is already being streamed on the PON, or 
     the channel bandwidth is less than the multicast available 
     bandwidth on the PON, the OLT forwards the IGMP request to the 
     NAS and keeps track of the subscriber (identified by customer-
     Port-ID) as a receiver. If the channel is not already being 
     streamed on the PON, but the PON has sufficient bandwidth for 
     that channel, the OLT reduces the PON multicast video bandwidth 
     by the channel bandwidth and may optionally add the PON to the 
     multicast tree without activation for that channel. This is 
     biased towards a forward expectation that the request will be 
     accepted at the NAS. The OLT forwards the IGMP join to the NAS. 
     It also sends a bandwidth admission request to the NAS 
     identifying the channel, and the premises for which the request 
     is made. It sets a timer for the subscriber multicast entry 
     within which it expects to receive a request from the NAS that 
     relates to this request.  If the PON available bandwidth is less 
     than the bandwidth of the requested channel, the OLT sends an 
     admission response (with a reject) to the ONT/ONU, and does not 
     forward the IGMP join to the NAS.  
         
     NAS operation: 
      
     The NAS receives the IGMP join from the subscriber on the 
     subscriber connection. When NAS receives the admission control 
     request from ANX (also signifying the bandwidth on the PON is 
     available), it performs admission control against the subscriber 
     available multicast bandwidth. If this check passes, and the NAS 
     is already transmitting that channel to the OLT, the request is 
     accepted. If the check passes and the NAS is not transmitting the 
     channel to the OLT yet, it performs admission control against the 
     multicast video available bandwidth (this includes the dedicated 
     multicast bandwidth and the shared bandwidth between multicast 
     and video on demand) on the link(s) to the OLT. If the check 
     passes, the request is accepted, the available video bandwidth 
     for the subscriber and downlink to the OLT are reduced by the 
     channel bandwidth, and the NAS sends an ANCP admission control 
     response (indicating accept) to the OLT, requesting the addition 
     of the subscriber to the multicast tree for that channel. The OLT 

      
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     activates the corresponding multicast entry if not active and 
     maintains state of the subscriber in the list of receivers for 
     that channel. The OLT also sends an ANCP request to the ONT/ONU 
     to enable reception of the multicast channel and forwarding to 
     the subscriber access port. Otherwise, if the request is 
     rejected, the NAS will send an admission reject to the OLT, which 
     in turn removes the subscriber as a receiver for that channel (if 
     it were added), and credits back the channel bandwidth to the PON 
     video bandwidth if there is no other receiver on the PON for that 
     channel. The interactions between ANX and NAS are shown in 
     Figures 9 and 10.  
         
     If the OLT does not receive a response from the NAS within a set 
     timer, the OLT removes the subscriber from the potential list of 
     receivers for the indicated channel. It also returns the 
     allocated bandwidth to the PON available bandwidth if there are 
     no other receivers. In this case, the NAS may send a response to 
     the OLT with no matching entry as the entry has been deleted. The 
     OLT must perform admission control against the PON available 
     bandwidth and may accept the request and send an ANCP request to 
     the ONT/ONU to activate the corresponding multicast entry as 
     described earlier. If it does not accept the request, it will 
     respond back to the NAS with a reject. The NAS shall credit back 
     the channel bandwidth to the subscriber. It shall also stop 
     sending the channel to the OLT if that subscriber was the last 
     leaf on the multicast tree towards the OLT. 
      
     On processing an IGMP leave, the OLT will send an ANCP request to 
     NAS to release resources. NAS will release the subscriber 
     bandwidth. If this leave causes the stream to be no longer 
     required by the OLT, the NAS will update its replication state 
     and release the bandwidth on the NAS to OLT link. 
      
     If the subscriber makes a request for a unicast video stream 
     (i.e., Video on Demand), the request results in appropriate 
     application level signaling, which typically results in an 
     application server requesting a policy server for bandwidth-based 
     admission control for the VoD stream. The policy server after 
     authorizing the request, can send a request to the NAS for the 
     required bandwidth if it needs to use bandwidth that is shared 
     with multicast. This request may be based on a protocol outside 
     of the scope of this document. The NAS checks if the available 
     video bandwidth (accounting for both multicast and unicast) per 
     subscriber and for the link to the OLT is sufficient for the 
     request. If it is, it temporarily reserves the bandwidth and 
     sends an ANCP admission request to the OLT for the subscriber, 
     indicating the desired VoD bandwidth. If the OLT has sufficient 
     bandwidth on the corresponding PON, it reserves that bandwidth 

      
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     and returns an accept response to the NAS. If not, it returns a 
     reject to the NAS. If the NAS receives an accept, it returns an 
     accept to the policy server which in turn returns an accept to 
     the application server, and the video stream is streamed to the 
     subscriber. This interaction is shown in Figure 11. If the NAS 
     does not accept the request from the policy server, it returns a 
     reject. If the NAS receives a reject from the OLT, it returns the 
     allocated bandwidth to the subscriber and the downlink to the 
     OLT.  
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
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                                               +----+   
                                           +-------- |ONT |-------- HGW   
       +----+               +----+         +         +----+    
       |NAS |---------------|    |------<PON>                             
       |    |<------------->|    |         +          +-----+   
       +----+     ANCP      |OLT |         +--------- |     |------ HGW   
         |                  |    |    ANCP            | ONU |   
         |                  +----+<------------------>+-----+-------HGW            
         |                     |                        |             |   
         |1.IGMP Join(s/*,G) +=============+         +=============+  |   
         |<------------------[IGMP Snooping]---------[IGMP snooping]--|   
         |                   +=============+         +=============+  |   
         |                     |2.Admission-Request     |             |  
         |                     |(Flow,Customer-Port-ID) |             | 
         |                     |<---------------------- |             |     
         |                3.+===============+           |             |                      
         |                  [ Access Ctrl   ]           |             |   
         |                  [ & PON B/W     ]           |             |   
         |                  [ Admission Ctrl]           |             |   
         |                  +===============+ PASS      |             |   
         |4.Admission-Request  |                        |             |   
         | <Flow,              |                        |             |   
         |  Customer-Port-ID>  |                        |             |   
         |<--------------------|                        |             |   
       5.|                     |                        |             |   
       +=================+     |                        |             |   
       [Subscriber B/W   ]     |                        |             |   
       [& OLT link B/W   ]     |                        |             |   
       [Admission Ctrl   ]     |                        |             |   
       +=================+PASS |                        |             |                        
         |6.Admission-Reply-Pass                        |             |   
         |<Flow,Customer-Port-ID>                       |             |   
         |-------------------->|                        |             |   
         |            7.+========================+      |             |   
         |              [Update Replication State]      |             |   
         |              +========================+      |             |   
         |                     | 8.Admission-Reply-Pass |             |   
         |                     |(<Flow,Cust-Port-ID>    |             |           
         |                     |----------------------> |             |   
         |                     |                 9.+============+     |   
         |                     |                   [Update Repl.]     |   
         |                     |                   [   State    ]     |   
                                                   +============+        
     Figure 9: Interaction between NAS & ANX for Multicast Bandwidth 
     Admission Control in the All-ANCP ANX control model upon success. 
     Similar functionality will be required when OMCI is enabled between 
     the OLT and ONT/ONU in the ANCP+OMCI ANX control model. In this 
     latter case, the OLT will act as ANCP-OMCI gateway. 
      
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                                                +----+   
                                           +--------- |ONT |------ HGW   
       +----+               +----+        +           +----+    
       |NAS |---------------|    |------<PON>                             
       |    |<------------->|    |        +           +-----+   
       +----+     ANCP      |OLT |         +--------- |     |----- HGW   
         |                  |    |    ANCP            |ONU  |   
         |                  +----+<------------------>+-----+------HGW   
         |                     |                        |             | 
         |1.IGMP Join(s/*,G) +=============+        +=============+   | 
         |<------------------[IGMP Snooping]--------[IGMP snooping]-- | 
         |                   +=============+        +=============+   | 
         |                     |2.Admission-Request     |             | 
         |                     |(Flow,Customer-Port-ID) |             | 
         |                     |<---------------------- |             | 
         |                2.+===============+           |             |                    
         |                  [ Access Ctrl   ]           |             | 
         |                  [ & PON B/W     ]           |             | 
         |                  [ Admission Ctrl]           |             | 
         |                  +===============+ PASS      |             | 
         |3.Admission-Request  |                        |             | 
         | <Flow,Customer-Port-ID>                      |             | 
         |<--------------------|                        |             | 
       4.+==================+  |                        |             | 
         [Subscriber B/W    ]  |                        |             | 
         [& OLT link B/W    ]  |                        |             | 
         [Admission Ctrl    ]  |                        |             | 
         +==================+FAIL                       |             |                    
         |                     |                        |             | 
         |5.Admission-Reply-Fail                        |             | 
         |<Flow,Cust-Port-ID>  |                        |             | 
         |-------------------->|                        |             | 
         |            6.+==================+            |             | 
         |              [Release PON B/W   ]            |             | 
         |              [Remove Repl.State ]            |             | 
         |              +==================+            |             | 
         |                     | 7.Admission-Reply-Fail |             | 
         |                     |<Flow,Cust-Port-ID>     |             |        
         |                     |----------------------> |             | 
         |                     |                 8.+============+     | 
         |                     |                   [Remove Repl.]     | 
         |                     |                   [   State    ]     | 
                                                   +============+     
     Figure 10: Interaction between NAS and ANX for Multicast Bandwidth 
     Admission Control in the All-ANCP ANX control model upon failure. 
     Similar functionality will be required when OMCI is enabled between 
     the OLT and ONT/ONU in the ANCP+OMCI ANX control model. In this 
     latter case, the OLT will act as ANCP-OMCI gateway. 
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       +------------+              1. VoD Request   
       | App. Server|<-----------------------------------------------   
       | Server     |   
       +------------+   
         | 2. Admission-Request (VoD-Flow)   
       +-------+   
       |Policy |   
       |Server |     
       +-------+                                                        
        |  +   
        |<-|---3. Admission-Request   
        |  |                                                                                   
        +  | 8. Admission-Reply   
       +----+        +      +----+                  +-----+   
       |NAS |---------------|OLT |------<PON>-------|ONT  |---HGW--CPE                    
       |    |<------------->|    |                  +-----+    |   
       +----+     ANCP      +----+                      |      |     
       4.|                     |                        |      |       
       +=================+     |                        |      |   
       [Subscriber B/W   ]     |                        |      |   
       [& OLT link B/W   ]     |                        |      |   
       [Admission Ctrl   ]     |                        |      |   
       +=================+PASS |                        |      |                            
         |                     |                        |      |   
         | 5.Admission-Request |                        |      |   
         |(Bandwidth,PON-Port-ID)                       |      |   
         |-------------------> |                        |      |   
         |                     |                        |      |   
         |                6.+===============+           |      |                            
         |                  [   PON B/W     ]           |      |   
         |                  [ Admission Ctrl]           |      |   
         |                  +===============+ PASS      |      |   
         |7.Admission-Reply    |                        |      |   
         | <PON-Port-ID>       |                        |      |   
         |<------------------- |                        |      |    
      
     Figure 11: Interactions for VoD Bandwidth Admission Control in 
     the All-ANCP ANX control model. Similar functionality will be 
     required when OMCI is enabled between the OLT and ONT in the 
     ANCP+OMCI ANX control model. In this latter case, the OLT will 
     act as ANCP-OMCI gateway. 
            
     -A third possible approach is where the ANX is assumed to have a 
     full knowledge to make an autonomous decision on admitting or 
     rejecting a multicast and a unicast join. With respect to the 
     interaction between ONT/ONU and OLT, the procedure is similar to 
     the first approach (i.e., NAS controlled replication). However, 
      
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     when the OLT receives an IGMP request from a subscriber, it 
     performs admission control against that subscriber multicast 
     video bandwidth (dedicated and shared with Video on Demand), the 
     PON and uplink to the GWR. It should be noted in this case that 
     if there are multiple NAS-OLT links, either the link on which the 
     multicast stream must be sent is pre-determined, needs to be 
     selected by the OLT based on downstream bandwidth from NAS to OLT 
     and the selection is communicated to the NAS, or the OLT has to 
     be ready to receive the stream on any link. If the check passes, 
     the OLT updates the video available bandwidth per PON and 
     subscriber. The OLT adds the subscriber to the list of receivers 
     and the PON to the multicast tree, if it is not already on it. It 
     also sends an ANCP request to the ONT/ONU to add the subscriber 
     access port to that channel multicast tree, and sends an ANCP 
     message to the NAS informing it of the subscriber and link 
     available video bandwidth and the channel the subscriber joined. 
     The NAS upon receiving the ANCP information message, updates the 
     necessary information, including the OLT to the multicast tree if 
     it is not already on it. It should be noted in this case that the 
     ANCP message from the OLT to the NAS is being used to add the OLT 
     to a multicast tree as opposed to an IGMP message. The IGMP 
     message can also be sent by the OLT with the OLT acting as an 
     IGMP proxy at the expense of added messages. In this option, the 
     OLT acts as the network IGMP router for the subscriber. 
      
     For unicast video streams, the policy server receiving an 
     admission request from an application server, as described 
     before, may query the OLT for admission control as it has all 
     information. If the OLT has sufficient bandwidth for the stream 
     it reserves that bandwidth for the subscriber, PON and OLT uplink 
     to the NAS and returns an accept to the policy server. It also 
     updates the NAS via an ANCP message of the subscriber available 
     video bandwidth. If the OLT rejects the policy server request, it 
     will return a reject to the policy server. 
      
     It should be noted that if the policy server adjacency is with 
     the NAS, the policy server may make the admission request to the 
     NAS. The NAS then sends an ANCP admission request to the OLT on 
     behalf of the policy server. The NAS returns an accept or reject to 
     the policy server if it gets a reject or accept, respectively, 
     from the OLT. 
      
6.3. Multicast Accounting 

      

      
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     It may be desirable to perform accurate per-user or per Access 
     Loop time or volume based accounting. In case the ANX is 
     performing the traffic replication process, it knows when 
     replication of a multicast flow to a particular Access Port or 
     user starts and stops. Multicast accounting can be addressed in 
     two ways: 
        
     - ANX keeps track of when replication starts or stops, and 
     reports this information to the NAS for further processing. In 
     this case, ANCP can be used to send the information from the ANX 
     to the NAS. This can be done with the Information Report message. 
     The NAS can then generate the appropriate time and/or volume 
     accounting information per Access Loop and per multicast flow, to 
     be sent to the accounting system. The ANCP requirements to 
     support this approach are specified in [RFC5851]. If the 
     replication function is distributed between the OLT and ONT/ONU, 
     a query from the NAS will result in OLT generating a query to the 
     ONT/ONU. 
      
     - ANX keeps track of when replication starts or stops, and 
     generates the time and/or volume based accounting information per 
     Access Loop and per multicast flow, before sending it to a 
     central accounting system for logging. Since ANX communicates 
     with this accounting system directly, the approach does not 
     require the use of ANCP. It is therefore beyond the scope of this 
     document; It may also be desirable for the NAS to have the 
     capability to asynchronously query the ANX to obtain an 
     instantaneous status report related to multicast flows currently 
     replicated by the ANX. Such a reporting functionality could be 
     useful for troubleshooting and monitoring purposes. If the 
     replication function in the ANX is distributed between the OLT 
     and the ONT/ONU, then for some of the information required by the 
     NAS (such as the list of access-ports on which a flow is being 
     forwarded or list of flows being forwarded on an access-port), a 
     query to the OLT from the NAS will result in a query from OLT to 
     ONT/ONU. The OLT responds back to the NAS when it receives the 
     response from the ONT/ONU. Also, if the list of PONs on which 
     replication is happening for a multicast channel or the list of 
     channels being replicated on a PON is what is desired, the OLT 
     can return this information. 
      
7. Remote Connectivity Check 

      
     In an end-to-end Ethernet aggregation network, end-to-end 
     Ethernet OAM as specified in IEEE 802.1ag and ITU-T 
     Recommendation Y.1730/1731 can provide Access Loop connectivity 

      
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     testing and fault isolation. However, most HGWs do not yet 
     support these standard Ethernet OAM procedures. Also, in a mixed 
     Ethernet and ATM access network (e.g., Ethernet based aggregation 
     upstream from the OLT, and BPON downstream), interworking 
     functions for end-to-end OAM are not yet standardized or widely 
     available. Until such mechanisms become standardized and widely 
     available, Access Node Control mechanism between NAS and ANX can 
     be used to provide a simple mechanism to test connectivity of an 
     access-loop from the NAS. 
      
     Triggered by a local management interface, the NAS can use the 
     Access Node Control Mechanism (Control Request Message) to 
     initiate an Access Loop test between Access Node and HGW or 
     ONT/ONU. On reception of the ANCP message, the OLT can trigger 
     native OAM procedures defined for BPON in [G.983.1] and for GPON 
     in [G.984.1]. The Access Node can send the result of the test to 
     the NAS via a Control Response message. 
      
8. Access Topology Discovery 

      
     In order to avoid congestion in the network, manage and utilize 
     the network resources better, and ensure subscriber fairness, NAS 
     performs hierarchical shaping and scheduling of the traffic by 
     modeling different congestion points in the network (such as the 
     last-mile, access Node uplink, and the access facing port). 
      
     Such mechanisms require that the NAS gains knowledge about the 
     topology of the access network, the various links being used and 
     their respective rates. Some of the information required is 
     somewhat dynamic in nature (e.g., DSL line rate in case the last 
     mile is xDSL based, e.g., in case of "PON fed DSLAMs" for 
     FTTC/FTTB scenarios), hence cannot come from a provisioning 
     and/or inventory management OSS system. Some of the information 
     varies less frequently (e.g., capacity of the OLT uplink), but 
     nevertheless needs to be kept strictly in sync between the actual 
     capacity of the uplink and the image the NAS has of it. 
      
     OSS systems are rarely able to enforce in a reliable and scalable 
     manner the consistency of such data, notably across 
     organizational boundaries under certain deployment scenarios.  
     The Access Topology Discovery function allows the NAS to perform 
     these advanced functions without having to depend on an error-
     prone and possibly complex integration with an OSS system. 
      
     The rate of the access-loop can be communicated via ANCP 
     (Information Report Message) from the ONT/ONU to the OLT in the 
     All-ANCP ANX control model or via OMCI in the ANCP+OMCI ANX 

      
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     control model, and then from OLT to the NAS via ANCP. 
     Additionally, during the time the DSL NT is active, data rate 
     changes can occur due to environmental conditions (the DSL Access 
     Loop can get "out of sync" and can retrain to a lower value, or 
     the DSL Access Loop could use Seamless Rate Adaptation making the 
     actual data rate fluctuate while the line is active). In this 
     case, ANX sends an additional Information Report to the NAS each 
     time the Access Loop attributes change above a threshold value. 
     Existing DSL procedures are not applicable in this case because 
     an adapted message flow and additional TLVs are needed.                     
       +--------+  
       | Policy |  
       | Server |                                        +---+   +---+ 
       +--------+                            +-----------|ONT|---|HGW|  
            |                                |           +---+   +---+  
            |               +--------------- |-----------------+   
         +----+             | +----+         |         +-----+ | +---+  
         |NAS |------------ | |    |         |         |     |-|-|HGW|  
         |    |<----------> | |    |         |         |ONT/ | | +---+  
         +----+     ANCP    | |OLT |------<PON>--------|ONU  | |             
            |               | |    |                   |     | | +---+  
            |               | |    |<----------------->|     |---|HGW|  
            |               | +----+       OMCI        +-----+ | +---+  
            |               +----------------------------------+  
            |                    |      Access Node       |  
            |                    |                        |  
            |                    |------GPON Ranging------|  
            | Port Status Message|      ONT Port UP       |  
            |<------------------ |<-----------------------|  
            |Port Configuration  GPON Line/Service Profile|  
            |------------------> |<---------------------->|  
            |     ONT/ONI Port UP|                        |  
            |<------------------ |                        |  
            |      ANCP          |         OMCI           |                             
            <-------------------><----------------------->|  
                                   PPP, DHCP, IP              
            <------------------------------------------------------>  
     Figure 12: Message Flow for the use case of Topology Discovery 
     for the ANCP+OMCI access control model.    
         
     Figure 12 depicts a message flow for topology discovery when 
     using the ANCP+OMCI access control model. Basically, when an 
     ONT/ONU gets connected to a PON, the OLT detects a new device and 
     a GPON Ranging process starts. During this process the ONT/ONU 
     becomes authorized by the OLT and identified by ONT/ONU ID, PON 
     Port ID and max Bandwidth. This port status is reported via ANCP 
     to the NAS and then potentially the policy server via another 
     mechanism that is out of scope of this document. In a second step 
      
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     after GPON Service profile is assigned from OLT to ONT/ONU, the 
     OLT reports the final status to NAS with information about 
     service profile and other information such as the ONT/ONU port 
     rate to the subscriber for instance. 
      
9. Access Loop Configuration 

      
     Topology Discovery reports access port identification to NAS when 
     sending an Access Port Discovery message. This informs NAS 
     identification of PON port on an Access Node. Based on Access 
     Port Identification and on customer identification, service 
     related parameters could be configured on an OLT and an ONU/ONT. 
      
     Service related parameters could be sent to OLT via ANCP before 
     or after an ONU/ONT is up. Sending of ANCP loop Configuration 
     messages from NAS can be triggered by a management system or by 
     customer identification and authentication after Topology 
     Discovery. It may be used for first time configuration (zero 
     touch) or for updating/upgrading customer's profile like C-VLAN 
     ID, S-VLAN ID, and service bandwidth. 
         
     Parameters of UNI (subscriber interface to HGW/CPE) of ONU/ONT 
     can also be configured via ANCP. When the ONU/ONT supports ANCP, 
     parameters of the UNI on ONU/ONT are sent to the ONU/ONT via 
     ANCP. If the ONU/ONT does not support ANCP, but only OMCI, 
     parameters have to be sent from the NAS to the OLT via ANCP 
     first. Then, the OLT translates such configuration into OMCI and 
     sends it to the ONU/ONT. 
         

10. Security Considerations 

      
     [RFC5713] lists the ANCP related security threats that could be 
     encountered on the Access Node and the NAS. It develops a threat 
     model for ANCP security, and lists the security functions that 
     are required at the ANCP level. 
      
     With Multicast handling as described in this document, ANCP 
     protocol activity between the ANX and the NAS is triggered by 
     join/leave requests coming from the end-user equipment. This 
     could potentially be used for denial of service attack against 
     the ANX and/or the NAS. 
      
     To mitigate this risk, the NAS and ANX may implement control 
     plane protection mechanisms such as limiting the number of 

      
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     multicast flows a given user can simultaneously join, or limiting 
     the maximum rate of join/leave from a given user. 
      
     Protection against invalid or unsubscribed flows can be deployed 
     via provisioning black lists as close to the subscriber as 
     possible (e.g., in the ONT). 
         

11. Differences in ANCP applicability between DSL and PON 

      
     As it currently stands, both ANCP framework [RFC5851] and 
     protocol [RFC6320] are defined in context of DSL access. Due to 
     inherent differences between PON and DSL access technologies, 
     ANCP needs a few extensions for supporting the use-cases outlined 
     in this document for PON based access. These specific differences 
     and extensions are outlined below. 
      
     - In PON, the access-node functionality is split between OLT and 
     ONT. Therefore, ANCP interaction between NAS and AN translates to 
     transactions between NAS and OLT and between OLT and ONT. The 
     processing of ANCP messages (e.g., for multicast replication 
     control) on the OLT can trigger generation of ANCP messages from 
     OLT to ONT. Similarly, ANCP messages from ONT to the OLT can 
     trigger ANCP exchange between the OLT and the NAS (e.g., 
     admission-request messages). This is illustrated in the generic 
     message flows in Figures 5 and 6 of section 5. In case of DSL, 
     the ANCP exchange is contained between two network elements (NAS 
     and the DSLAM). 
         
     - The PON connection to the ONT is a shared medium between 
     multiple ONTs on the same PON. The local-loop in case of DSL is 
     point-to-point. In case of DSL access network, the access facing 
     port on the NAS (i.e., port to the network between NAS and the 
     DSLAM), and the access-facing ports on the DSLAM (i.e., 
     customer's local-loop) are the two bandwidth constraint points 
     that need to be considered for performing bandwidth based 
     admission control for multicast video and VoD delivered to the 
     customer. In case of PON access, in addition to the bandwidth 
     constraint on the NAS to OLT facing ports, and the subscriber 
     allocated bandwidth for video services, the bandwidth available 
     on the PON for video is an additional constraint that needs to be 
     considered for bandwidth based admission control. If the 
     bandwidth control is centralized in NAS (as described in option 1 
     of section 6.2), then the NAS needs to support additional logic 
     to consider available PON bandwidth before admitting a multicast 
     request or a VoD request by the user. Accordingly, ANCP needs to 
     identify the customer access port and the PON on which the 

      
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     customer ONT is. If the PON bandwidth control is performed on the 
     OLT (as defined in second option in section 6.2), then additional 
     ANCP request and response messages are required for NAS to query 
     the OLT to determine available PON bandwidth when a request to 
     admit a VOD flow is received on the NAS (as shown in Figure 9 in 
     section 6.2) or for the OLT to inform the NAS what stream 
     bandwidth is sent to the subscriber for the NAS to take 
     appropriate action (e.g., bandwidth adjustment for various types 
     of traffic). 
         
     - In PON, the multicast replication can potentially be performed 
     on three different network elements: (1) on the NAS (2) on the 
     OLT for replication to multiple PON ports, and (3) on the ONT/ONU 
     for replication to multiple customer ports. In case of DSL, the 
     replication can potentially be performed on NAS and/or the DSLAM. 
     Section 6.2 defines options for multicast replication in case of 
     PON. In the first option, the multicast replication is done on 
     the AN, but is controlled from NAS via ANCP (based on the 
     reception of per-customer IGMP messages on the NAS). In this 
     option, the NAS needs to supply to the OLT the set of PON-
     customer-IDs (as defined in section 2) to which the multicast 
     stream needs to be replicated. The PON-customer-ID identifies the 
     OLT and the PON ports on the OLT as well as the ONT and the 
     access-ports on the ONT where the multicast stream needs to be 
     replicated. Upon receiving the request to update its multicast 
     replication state, the OLT must update its replication state with 
     the indicated PON ports, but may also need to interact with the 
     ONT via ANCP to update the multicast replication state on the ONT 
     with the set of access-ports (as indicated by the NAS). In case 
     of DSL, the DSLAM only needs to update its own replication state 
     based on the set of access-ports indicated by the NAS. 
         
     - For reporting purposes, ANCP must enable the NAS to query the 
     OLT for channels replicated on a PON or a list of PONs and to 
     specific access ports. The latter should trigger the OLT to query 
     the ONT for a list of channels being replicated on all access 
     ports or on specific access ports to the premises. In DSL case, 
     it is sufficient to query the DSLAM for a list of channels being 
     replicated on an access port or a list of access ports. 
      
12. ANCP versus OMCI between the OLT and ONT/ONU 

      
     ONT Management and Control Interface (OMCI) [OMCI] is specified 
     for in-band ONT management via the OLT. This includes configuring 
     parameters on the ONT/ONU. Such configuration can include adding 
     an access port on the ONT to a multicast tree and the ONT to a 
     multicast tree. Thus, OMCI can be a potential replacement for 

      
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     ANCP between the OLT and ONT/ONU, albeit it may not a be suitable 
     protocol for dynamic transactions as required for the multicast 
     application. 
      
     If OMCI is selected to be enabled between the OLT and ONT/ONU to 
     carry the same information elements that would be carried over 
     ANCP, the OLT must perform the necessary translation between ANCP 
     and OMCI for replication control messages received via ANCP. OMCI 
     is an already available control channel, while ANCP requires a 
     TCP/IP stack on the ONT/ONU that can be used by an ANCP client 
     and accordingly it requires that the ONT/ONU be IP addressable 
     for ANCP. Most ONTs/ONUs today have a TCP/IP stack used by 
     certain applications (e.g., VoIP, IGMP snooping). ANCP may use 
     the same IP address that is often assigned for VoIP or depending 
     on the implementation may require a different address. Sharing 
     the same IP address between VoIP and ANCP may have other network 
     implications on traffic routing. Using a separate IP address for 
     the purpose of ONT/ONU management or ANCP specifically may often 
     be required when supporting ANCP. These considerations may favor 
     OMCI in certain environments. However, OMCI will not allow some 
     of the transactions required in approach 2, where the ONT/ONU 
     sends unsolicited requests to the OLT rather than being queried or 
     configured by OLT requests. 

13. IANA Consideration  

         

    This document does not require actions by IANA. 

         

         
14. Acknowledgements 

      

     The authors are thanksful to Rajesh Yadav and Francois Le 
     Faucheur for valuable comments and discussions. 

      

15. References 

15.1. Normative References  

      
      
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     [RFC2516]  Mamakos, L., Lidl, K., Evarts, J., Carrel, D., Simone, 
     D., and R. Wheeler, "A Method for Transmitting PPP Over 
     Ethernet (PPPoE)", RFC 2516, February 1999. 
         
     [RFC2684]  Grossman, D. and J. Heinanen, "Multiprotocol 
     Encapsulation over ATM Adaptation Layer 5", RFC 2684, September  
     1999. 
      
15.2. Informative References 

      
     [RFC2881] Mitton, D. and M. Beadles, "Network Access Server 
     Requirements Next Generation (NASREQNG) NAS Model", RFC 2881, Jul 
     2000. 
      
     [RFC5851] Ooghe, S., et al., "Framework and Requirements 
     for Access Node Control Mechanism in Broadband Networks", RFC 
     5851, May 2010. 
      
     [G.983.1] ITU-T recommendation G.983.1, Broadband optical access 
     systems based on Passive Optical Networks (PON). 
      
     [G.984.1] ITU-T recommendation G.984.1 Gigabit-capable Passive 
     Optical Networks (G-PON): General characteristics. 
      
     [RFC3046] Patrick, M., "DHCP Relay Agent Information Option", 
     RFC3046, January 2011. 

      
     [TR-101] Cohen, A. and E. Shrum, "Migration to Ethernet-Based DSL 
     Aggregation", DSL Forum TR-101, May 2006. 
      
     [RFC5713] Moustafa, H., Tschofenig, H., and S. De Cnodder, 
     "Security Threats and Security Requirements for the Access Node 
     Control Protocol (ANCP)", RFC 5713, January 2010. 
      
     [OMCI] ITU-T recommendation G.984.4 GPON ONT Management and 
     Control Interface (OMCI) Specifications. 
      
     [RFC6320] Taylor, T., et al, "Protocol for Access Node Control 
     Mechanism in Broadband Networks", RFC 6320, October 2011. 
         
             
Authors' Addresses 
      
     Nabil Bitar 
     Verizon 
     60 Sylvan Road 
      
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     Waltham, MA 02451 
     Email: nabil.n.bitar@verizon.com 
      

     Sanjay Wadhwa 
     Alcatel-Lucent 
     701 East Middlefield Road 
     Mountain View, CA, 94043 
     Email: sanjay.wadhwa@alcatel-lucent.com 
      
     Hongyu Li 
     Email: hongyu.lihongyu@huawei.com 
      
     Thomas Haag 
     Email: HaagT@telekom.de 
         

      
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