ML-DSA for JOSE and COSE
draft-ietf-cose-dilithium-03
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| Authors | Michael Prorock , Orie Steele , Rafael Misoczki , Michael Osborne , Christine Cloostermans | ||
| Last updated | 2024-06-02 (Latest revision 2024-01-12) | ||
| Replaces | draft-ietf-cose-post-quantum-signatures | ||
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draft-ietf-cose-dilithium-03
CBOR Object Signing and Encryption M. Prorock
Internet-Draft mesur.io
Intended status: Standards Track O. Steele
Expires: 4 December 2024 Transmute
R. Misoczki
Google
M. Osborne
IBM
C. Cloostermans
NXP
2 June 2024
ML-DSA for JOSE and COSE
draft-ietf-cose-dilithium-03
Abstract
This document describes JSON Object Signing and Encryption (JOSE) and
CBOR Object Signing and Encryption (COSE) serializations for Module-
Lattice-Based Digital Signature Standard (ML-DSA), which was derived
from Dilithium, a Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) based digital
signature scheme.
This document does not define any new cryptography, only
seralizations of existing cryptographic systems described in
[FIPS-204].
Note to RFC Editor: This document should not proceed to AUTH48 until
NIST completes paramater tuning and selection as a part of the PQC
(https://csrc.nist.gov/projects/post-quantum-cryptography)
standardization process.
About This Document
This note is to be removed before publishing as an RFC.
The latest revision of this draft can be found at https://cose-
wg.github.io/draft-ietf-cose-dilithium/draft-ietf-cose-
dilithium.html. Status information for this document may be found at
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-cose-dilithium/.
Discussion of this document takes place on the CBOR Object Signing
and Encryption Working Group mailing list (mailto:cose@ietf.org),
which is archived at https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/browse/cose/.
Subscribe at https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/cose/.
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Source for this draft and an issue tracker can be found at
https://github.com/cose-wg/draft-ietf-cose-dilithium.
Status of This Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
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This Internet-Draft will expire on 4 December 2024.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2024 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/
license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document.
Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights
and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components
extracted from this document must include Revised BSD License text as
described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are
provided without warranty as described in the Revised BSD License.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3. The ML-DSA Algorithm Family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
4. The ML-DSA Key Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
5. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
6. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
6.1. Additions to Existing Registries . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
6.1.1. New COSE Algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
6.1.2. New COSE Key Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
6.1.3. New COSE Key Type Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
6.1.4. ML-DSA Public Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
6.1.5. ML-DSA Secret Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
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6.1.6. New JOSE Algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
6.1.7. New JOSE Key Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
6.1.8. New JSON Web Key Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
7. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
7.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
7.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Appendix A. Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
A.1. JOSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
A.1.1. Key Pair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
A.1.2. Thumbprint URI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
A.1.3. JSON Web Signature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
A.2. COSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
A.2.1. Key Pair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
A.2.2. Thumbprint URI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
A.2.3. COSE Sign 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1. Introduction
As noted in [FIPS-204], ML-DSA is derived from Version 3.1 of
CRYSTALS-DILITHIUM, and is believed to be secure even against
adversaries in possession of a large-scale quantum computer.
CRYSTALS-DILITHIUM is one of the post quantum cryptography algorithms
selected in [NIST-PQC-2022].
2. Terminology
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
"OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
capitals, as shown here.
3. The ML-DSA Algorithm Family
The ML-DSA Signature Scheme is paramaterized to support different
security levels.
This document requests the registration of the following algorithms
in [IANA.jose]:
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+===========+===========+=========================+
| Name | alg | Description |
+===========+===========+=========================+
| ML-DSA-44 | ML-DSA-44 | JSON Web Signature |
| | | Algorithm for ML-DSA-44 |
+-----------+-----------+-------------------------+
| ML-DSA-65 | ML-DSA-65 | JSON Web Signature |
| | | Algorithm for ML-DSA-65 |
+-----------+-----------+-------------------------+
| ML-DSA-87 | ML-DSA-87 | JSON Web Signature |
| | | Algorithm for ML-DSA-87 |
+-----------+-----------+-------------------------+
Table 1: JOSE algorithms for ML-DSA
This document requests the registration of the following algorithms
in [IANA.cose]:
+===========+=================+=========================+
| Name | alg | Description |
+===========+=================+=========================+
| ML-DSA-44 | TBD (requested | CBOR Object Signing |
| | assignment -48) | Algorithm for ML-DSA-44 |
+-----------+-----------------+-------------------------+
| ML-DSA-65 | TBD (requested | CBOR Object Signing |
| | assignment -49) | Algorithm for ML-DSA-65 |
+-----------+-----------------+-------------------------+
| ML-DSA-87 | TBD (requested | CBOR Object Signing |
| | assignment -50) | Algorithm for ML-DSA-87 |
+-----------+-----------------+-------------------------+
Table 2: COSE algorithms for ML-DSA
4. The ML-DSA Key Type
The ML-DSA Key Type is used to express Public and Private Keys for
use with ML-DSA Algorithms.
This document requests the registration of the following key types in
[IANA.jose]:
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+========+========+===========================+
| Name | kty | Description |
+========+========+===========================+
| ML-DSA | ML-DSA | JSON Web Key Type for the |
| | | ML-DSA Algorithm Family. |
+--------+--------+---------------------------+
Table 3: JSON Web Key Type for ML-DSA
This document requests the registration of the following algorithms
in [IANA.cose]:
+========+==============================+==========================+
| Name | kty | Description |
+========+==============================+==========================+
| ML-DSA | TBD (requested assignment 7) | COSE Key Type for the |
| | | ML-DSA Algorithm Family. |
+--------+------------------------------+--------------------------+
Table 4: COSE Key Type for ML-DSA
5. Security Considerations
The security considerations of [RFC7515], [RFC7517] and [RFC9053]
applies to this specification as well.
A detailed security analysis of ML-DSA is beyond the scope of this
specification, see [FIPS-204] for additional details.
6. IANA Considerations
6.1. Additions to Existing Registries
6.1.1. New COSE Algorithms
IANA is requested to add the following entries to the COSE Algorithms
Registry. The following completed registration templates are
provided as described in RFC9053 and RFC9054.
6.1.1.1. ML-DSA-44
* Name: ML-DSA-44
* Value: TBD (requested assignment -48)
* Description: CBOR Object Signing Algorithm for ML-DSA-44
* Capabilities: [kty]
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* Reference: RFC XXXX
* Recommended: Yes
6.1.1.2. ML-DSA-65
* Name: ML-DSA-65
* Value: TBD (requested assignment -49)
* Description: CBOR Object Signing Algorithm for ML-DSA-65
* Capabilities: [kty]
* Reference: RFC XXXX
* Recommended: Yes
6.1.1.3. ML-DSA-87
* Name: ML-DSA-87
* Value: TBD (requested assignment -50)
* Description: CBOR Object Signing Algorithm for ML-DSA-87
* Capabilities: [kty]
* Reference: RFC XXXX
* Recommended: Yes
6.1.2. New COSE Key Types
IANA is requested to add the following entries to the COSE Key Types
Registry. The following completed registration templates are
provided as described in RFC9053.
6.1.2.1. ML-DSA
* Name: ML-DSA
* Value: TBD (requested assignment 7)
* Description: COSE Key Type for the ML-DSA Algorithm Family
* Capabilities: [kty(7)]
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* Reference: RFC XXXX
6.1.3. New COSE Key Type Parameters
IANA is requested to add the following entries to the COSE Key Type
Parameters. The following completed registration templates are
provided as described in RFC9053.
6.1.4. ML-DSA Public Key
* Key Type: TBD (requested assignment 7)
* Name: public_key
* Label: -1
* CBOR Type: bstr
* Description: Public key
* Reference: RFC XXXX
6.1.5. ML-DSA Secret Key
* Key Type: TBD (requested assignment 7)
* Name: secret_key
* Label: -2
* CBOR Type: bstr
* Description: Secret (or private) key.
* Reference: RFC XXXX
6.1.6. New JOSE Algorithms
IANA is requested to add the following entries to the JSON Web
Signature and Encryption Algorithms Registry. The following
completed registration templates are provided as described in
RFC7518.
6.1.6.1. ML-DSA-44
* Algorithm Name: ML-DSA-44
* Algorithm Description: ML-DSA-44 as described in FIPS 204.
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* Algorithm Usage Location(s): alg
* JOSE Implementation Requirements: Optional
* Change Controller: IETF
* Value registry: [IANA.jose] Algorithms
* Specification Document(s): RFC XXXX
* Algorithm Analysis Documents(s):
https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/FIPS/NIST.FIPS.204.ipd.pdf
6.1.6.2. ML-DSA-65
* Algorithm Name: ML-DSA-65
* Algorithm Description: ML-DSA-65 as described in FIPS 204.
* Algorithm Usage Location(s): alg
* JOSE Implementation Requirements: Optional
* Change Controller: IETF
* Value registry: [IANA.jose] Algorithms
* Specification Document(s): RFC XXXX
* Algorithm Analysis Documents(s):
https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/FIPS/NIST.FIPS.204.ipd.pdf
6.1.6.3. ML-DSA-87
* Algorithm Name: ML-DSA-87
* Algorithm Description: ML-DSA-87 as described in FIPS 204.
* Algorithm Usage Location(s): alg
* JOSE Implementation Requirements: Optional
* Change Controller: IETF
* Value registry: [IANA.jose] Algorithms
* Specification Document(s): RFC XXXX
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* Algorithm Analysis Documents(s):
https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/FIPS/NIST.FIPS.204.ipd.pdf
6.1.7. New JOSE Key Types
IANA is requested to add the following entries to the JSON Web Key
Types Registry. The following completed registration templates are
provided as described in RFC7518 RFC7638.
6.1.7.1. ML-DSA
* "kty" Parameter Value: ML-DSA
* Key Type Description: Module-Lattice-Based Digital Signature
Algorithm
* JOSE Implementation Requirements: Optional
* Change Controller: IETF
* Specification Document(s): RFC XXXX
6.1.8. New JSON Web Key Parameters
IANA is requested to add the following entries to the JSON Web Key
Parameters Registry. The following completed registration templates
are provided as described in RFC7517, and RFC7638.
6.1.8.1. ML-DSA Public Key
* Parameter Name: pub
* Parameter Description: Public or verification key
* Used with "kty" Value(s): ML-DSA
* Parameter Information Class: Public
* Change Controller: IETF
* Specification Document(s): RFC XXXX
6.1.8.2. ML-DSA Secret Key
* Parameter Name: priv
* Parameter Description: Secret, private or signing key
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* Used with "kty" Value(s): ML-DSA
* Parameter Information Class: Private
* Change Controller: IETF
* Specification Document(s): RFC XXXX
7. References
7.1. Normative References
[IANA.cose]
IANA, "CBOR Object Signing and Encryption (COSE)",
<http://www.iana.org/assignments/cose>.
[IANA.jose]
IANA, "JSON Object Signing and Encryption (JOSE)",
<http://www.iana.org/assignments/jose>.
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2119>.
[RFC7515] Jones, M., Bradley, J., and N. Sakimura, "JSON Web
Signature (JWS)", RFC 7515, DOI 10.17487/RFC7515, May
2015, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7515>.
[RFC7517] Jones, M., "JSON Web Key (JWK)", RFC 7517,
DOI 10.17487/RFC7517, May 2015,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7517>.
[RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8174>.
[RFC9053] Schaad, J., "CBOR Object Signing and Encryption (COSE):
Initial Algorithms", RFC 9053, DOI 10.17487/RFC9053,
August 2022, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9053>.
7.2. Informative References
[FIPS-204] "Module-Lattice-Based Digital Signature Standard", n.d.,
<https://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/fips/204/ipd>.
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[NIST-PQC-2022]
"Selected Algorithms 2022", n.d.,
<https://csrc.nist.gov/Projects/post-quantum-cryptography/
selected-algorithms-2022>.
Appendix A. Examples
A.1. JOSE
A.1.1. Key Pair
{
"kty": "ML-DSA",
"alg": "ML-DSA-44",
"pub": "V53SIdVF...uvw2nuCQ",
"priv": "V53SIdVF...cDKLbsBY"
}
Figure 1: Example ML-DSA-44 Private JSON Web Key
{
"kty": "ML-DSA",
"alg": "ML-DSA-44",
"pub": "V53SIdVF...uvw2nuCQ"
}
Figure 2: Example ML-DSA-44 Public JSON Web Key
A.1.2. Thumbprint URI
TODO
A.1.3. JSON Web Signature
{
"alg": "ML-DSA-44"
}
Figure 3: Example ML-DSA-44 Decoded Protected Header
eyJhbGciOiJ...LCJraWQiOiI0MiJ9\
.\
eyJpc3MiOiJ1cm46d...XVpZDo0NTYifQ\
.\
5MSEgQ0dZB4SeLC...AAAAAABIhMUE
Figure 4: Example ML-DSA-44 Compact JSON Web Signature
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A.2. COSE
A.2.1. Key Pair
{ / COSE Key /
1: 7, / ML-DSA Key Type /
3: -48, / ML-DSA-44 Algorithm /
-1: h'7803c0f9...3f6e2c70', / ML-DSA Private Key /
-2: h'7803c0f9...3bba7abd', / ML-DSA Public Key /
}
Figure 5: Example ML-DSA-44 Private COSE Key
{ / COSE Key /
1: 7, / ML-DSA Key Type /
3: -48, / ML-DSA-44 Algorithm /
-2: h'7803c0f9...3f6e2c70' / ML-DSA Private Key /
}
Figure 6: Example ML-DSA-44 Public COSE Key
A.2.2. Thumbprint URI
TODO
A.2.3. COSE Sign 1
/ cose-sign1 / 18(
[
/ protected / <<
/ algorithm / 1 : -49 / ML-DSA-65 /
>>
/ unprotected / {},
/ payload / h'66616b65',
/ signature / h'53e855e8...0f263549'
]
)
Figure 7: Example ML-DSA-44 COSE Sign 1
Acknowledgments
We would like to thank Simo Sorce, Ilari Liusvaara, Neil Madden,
Anders Rundgren, David Waite, and Russ Housley for their review
feedback.
Authors' Addresses
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Michael Prorock
mesur.io
Email: mprorock@mesur.io
Orie Steele
Transmute
Email: orie@transmute.industries
Rafael Misoczki
Google
Email: rafaelmisoczki@google.com
Michael Osborne
IBM
Email: osb@zurich.ibm.com
Christine Cloostermans
NXP
Email: christine.cloostermans@nxp.com
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