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Concise Encoding of Signed Merkle Tree Proofs
draft-ietf-cose-merkle-tree-proofs-02

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Authors Orie Steele , Henk Birkholz , Antoine Delignat-Lavaud , Cedric Fournet
Last updated 2023-11-17 (Latest revision 2023-10-20)
Replaces draft-steele-cose-merkle-tree-proofs
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draft-ietf-cose-merkle-tree-proofs-02
COSE                                                           O. Steele
Internet-Draft                                                 Transmute
Intended status: Standards Track                             H. Birkholz
Expires: 20 May 2024                                      Fraunhofer SIT
                                                      A. Delignat-Lavaud
                                                              C. Fournet
                                                               Microsoft
                                                        17 November 2023

             Concise Encoding of Signed Merkle Tree Proofs
                 draft-ietf-cose-merkle-tree-proofs-02

Abstract

   This specification describes verifiable data structures and
   associated proof types for use with COSE.  The extensibility of the
   approach is demonstrated by providing CBOR encodings for RFC9162.

Discussion Venues

   This note is to be removed before publishing as an RFC.

   Discussion of this document takes place on the CBOR Object Signing
   and Encryption Working Group mailing list (cose@ietf.org), which is
   archived at https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/browse/cose/.

   Source for this draft and an issue tracker can be found at
   https://github.com/cose-wg/draft-ietf-cose-merkle-tree-proofs.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on 20 May 2024.

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Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2023 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/
   license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document.
   Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights
   and restrictions with respect to this document.  Code Components
   extracted from this document must include Revised BSD License text as
   described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are
   provided without warranty as described in the Revised BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
     1.1.  Requirements Notation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   2.  CBOR Tags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   3.  Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
   4.  Verifiable Data Structures in CBOR  . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     4.1.  COSE Verifiable Data Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
     4.2.  COSE Verifiable Data Structure Parameters . . . . . . . .   6
       4.2.1.  Registration Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
   5.  RFC9162_SHA256  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
     5.1.  Verifiable Data Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     5.2.  Inclusion Proof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
       5.2.1.  Inclusion Proof Signature . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     5.3.  Consistency Proof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
       5.3.1.  Consistency Proof Signature . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
   6.  Privacy Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
   7.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
   8.  Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
   9.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
     9.1.  Additions to Existing Registries  . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
       9.1.1.  New Entries to the COSE Header Parameters Registry  .  12
       9.1.2.  COSE Verifiable Data Structures . . . . . . . . . . .  13
       9.1.3.  COSE Verifiable Data Structure Parameters . . . . . .  13
   10. References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
     10.1.  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
     10.2.  Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  15
   Appendix A.  Implementation Status  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  15
     A.1.  Implementer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  16
     A.2.  Implementation Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  16
     A.3.  Implementation URL  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  16
     A.4.  Maturity  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  16
     A.5.  Coverage and Version Compatibility  . . . . . . . . . . .  16
     A.6.  License . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  16

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     A.7.  Implementation Dependencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  16
     A.8.  Contact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  17
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  17

1.  Introduction

   Merkle trees are one of many verifiable data structures that enable
   tamper evident secure information storage, through their ability to
   protect the integrity of batches of documents or collections of
   statements.

   Merkle trees can be constructed from simple operations such as
   concatenation and digest via a cryptographic hash function, however,
   more advanced constructions enable proofs of different properties of
   the underlying verifiable data structure.

   Verifiable data structure proofs can be used to prove a document is
   in a database (proof of inclusion), that a database is append only
   (proof of consistency), that a smaller set of statements are
   contained in a large set of statements (proof of disclosure, a
   special case of proof of inclusion), or proof that certain data is
   not yet present in a database (proofs of non inclusion).

   Differences in the representation of verifiable data structures, and
   verifiable data structure proof types, can increase the burden for
   implementers, and create interoperability challenges for transparency
   services.

   This document describes how to convey verifiable data structures, and
   associated proof types in COSE envelopes.

1.1.  Requirements Notation

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
   "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
   BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
   capitals, as shown here.

2.  CBOR Tags

   This section will be removed before the document is completed, its
   purpose is to track the TBD code points references throughout the
   draft.

   -111 is TBD_1:  A requested cose header parameter representing the
      verifiable data structure used.

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   -222 is TBD_2:  A requested cose header parameter representing the
      verifiable data structure parameters map (proofs map)

   The other codepoints are assigned from the registries established in
   this draft, they are therefore not marked TBD.

3.  Terminology

   Verifiable Data Structure:  A data structure which supports one or
      more Proof Types.

   Proof Type:  A verifiable process, that proves properties of one or
      more Verifiable Data Structures.

   Proof Value:  An encoding of a Proof Type in CBOR.

   Proof Signature:  A COSE Sign1 encoding of a specific Proof Type for
      a specific Verifiable Data Structure.

4.  Verifiable Data Structures in CBOR

   This section describes representations of verifiable data structure
   proofs structures in CBOR.

   Different verifiable data structures support the same proof types,
   but the representations of the proofs varies greatly.

   For example, construction of a merkle tree leaf, or an inclusion
   proof from a leaf to a merkle root, might have several different
   representations, depending on the verifiable data structure used.

   Some differences in representations are necessary to support
   efficient verification of different kinds of proofs and for
   compatibility with specific implementations.

   Some proof types benefit from standard envelope formats for signing
   and encryption, whilst others require no further cryptographic
   intervention at all.

   In order to improve interoperability we define two extension points
   for enabling verifiable data structures with COSE, and we provide
   concrete examples for the structures and proofs defined in [RFC9162].

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4.1.  COSE Verifiable Data Structures

   Similar to COSE Key Types (https://www.iana.org/assignments/cose/
   cose.xhtml#key-type), different verifiable data structures support
   different algorithms.  As EC2 keys (1: 2) support both digital
   signature and key agreement algorithms, RFC9162_SHA256 (TBD_1 : 1)
   supports both inclusion and consistency proofs.

   This document establishes a registry of verifiable data structure
   algorithms, with the following initial contents:

   *  Name: The name of the verifiable data structure

   *  Value: The identifier for the verifiable data structure

   *  Description: The identifier for the verifiable data structure

   *  Reference: Where the verifiable data structure is defined

   +================+=======+===========================+===========+
   | Name           | Value | Description               | Reference |
   +================+=======+===========================+===========+
   | N/A            | 0     | N/A                       | N/A       |
   +----------------+-------+---------------------------+-----------+
   | RFC9162_SHA256 | 1     | SHA256 Binary Merkle Tree | [RFC9162] |
   +----------------+-------+---------------------------+-----------+

                Table 1: COSE Verifiable Data Structures

   When desigining new verifiable data structures, please request the
   next available positive integer as your requested assignment, for
   example:

    +================+================+===============+===============+
    | Name           | Value          | Description   | Reference     |
    +================+================+===============+===============+
    | N/A            | 0              | N/A           | N/A           |
    +----------------+----------------+---------------+---------------+
    | RFC9162_SHA256 | 1              | SHA256 Binary | [RFC9162]     |
    |                |                | Merkle Tree   |               |
    +----------------+----------------+---------------+---------------+
    | Your name      | TBD (requested | tbd           | Your          |
    |                | assignment 2)  |               | specification |
    +----------------+----------------+---------------+---------------+

                                  Table 2

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4.2.  COSE Verifiable Data Structure Parameters

   Similar to COSE Key Type Parameters
   (https://www.iana.org/assignments/cose/cose.xhtml#key-type-
   parameters), As EC2 keys (1: 2) keys require and give meanding to
   specific parameters, such as -1 (crv), -2 (x), -3 (y), -4 (d),
   RFC9162_SHA256 (TBD_1 : 1) supports both (-1) inclusion and (-2)
   consistency proofs.

   This document establishes a registry of verifiable data structure
   algorithms, with the following initial contents:

   +============+=============+=====+=======+=============+===========+
   | Verifiable | Name        |Label| CBOR  | Description | Reference |
   | Data       |             |     | Type  |             |           |
   | Structure  |             |     |       |             |           |
   +============+=============+=====+=======+=============+===========+
   | 1          | inclusion   |-1   | array | Proof of    | Section   |
   |            | proofs      |     | (of   | inclusion   | 5.2       |
   |            |             |     | bstr) |             |           |
   +------------+-------------+-----+-------+-------------+-----------+
   | 1          | consistency |-2   | array | Proof of    | Section   |
   |            | proofs      |     | (of   | append only | 5.3       |
   |            |             |     | bstr) | property    |           |
   +------------+-------------+-----+-------+-------------+-----------+

            Table 3: COSE Verifiable Data Structure Parameters

   Proof types are specific to their associated "verifiable data
   structure", for example, different Merkle trees might support
   different representations of "inclusion proof" or "consistency
   proof".

   Implementers should not expect interoperability accross "verifiable
   data structures", but they should expect conceptually similar
   properties across the different registered proof type.

   For example, 2 different merkle tree based verifiable data structures
   might both support proofs of inclusion.

   Protocols requiring proof of inclusion ought to be able to preserve
   their functionality, while switching from one verifiable data
   structure to another, so long as both structures support the same
   proof types.

   When desigining new verifiable data structure parameters (or proof
   types), please start with -1, and count down for each proof type
   supported by your verifiable data structure:

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    +==========+===========+=====+=====+===========+==================+
    |Verifiable|Name       |Label|CBOR |Description|Reference         |
    |Data      |           |     |Type |           |                  |
    |Structure |           |     |     |           |                  |
    +==========+===========+=====+=====+===========+==================+
    |1         |inclusion  |-1   |array|Proof of   |Section 5.2       |
    |          |proofs     |     |(of  |inclusion  |                  |
    |          |           |     |bstr)|           |                  |
    +----------+-----------+-----+-----+-----------+------------------+
    |1         |consistency|-2   |array|Proof of   |Section 5.3       |
    |          |proofs     |     |(of  |append only|                  |
    |          |           |     |bstr)|property   |                  |
    +----------+-----------+-----+-----+-----------+------------------+
    |TBD       |new proof  |-1   |tbd  |tbd        |Your_Specification|
    |(requested|type       |     |     |           |                  |
    |assignment|           |     |     |           |                  |
    |2)        |           |     |     |           |                  |
    +----------+-----------+-----+-----+-----------+------------------+
    |TBD       |new proof  |-2   |tbd  |tbd        |Your_Specification|
    |(requested|type       |     |     |           |                  |
    |assignment|           |     |     |           |                  |
    |2)        |           |     |     |           |                  |
    +----------+-----------+-----+-----+-----------+------------------+
    |TBD       |new proof  |-3   |tbd  |tbd        |Your_Specification|
    |(requested|type       |     |     |           |                  |
    |assignment|           |     |     |           |                  |
    |2)        |           |     |     |           |                  |
    +----------+-----------+-----+-----+-----------+------------------+

                                  Table 4

4.2.1.  Registration Requirements

   Each specification MUST define how to encode the verifiable data
   structure and its parameters (also called proof types) in CBOR.

   Each specification MUST define how to produce and consume the
   supported proof types.

   See Section 5 as an example.

5.  RFC9162_SHA256

   This section defines how the data structures described in [RFC9162]
   are mapped to the terminology defined in this document, using cbor
   and cose.

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5.1.  Verifiable Data Structure

   The integer identifier for this Verifiable Data Structure is 1.  The
   string identifier for this Verifiable Data Structure is
   "RFC9162_SHA256".

   See Table 1.

   See [RFC9162], 2.1.1.  Definition of the Merkle Tree, for a complete
   description of this verifiable data structure.

5.2.  Inclusion Proof

   See [RFC9162], 2.1.3.1.  Generating an Inclusion Proof, for a
   complete description of this verifiable data structure proof type.

   The cbor representation of an inclusion proof for RFC9162_SHA256 is:

   inclusion-proof = [
       tree-size: int
       leaf-index: int
       inclusion-path: [ + bstr ]
   ]

5.2.1.  Inclusion Proof Signature

   In a signed inclusion proof, the previous merkle tree root, maps to
   tree-size-1, and is a detached payload.

   Other specifications refer to signed inclusion proofs as "receipts",
   profiles of proof signatures are encouraged to make additional
   protected header parameters mandatory.

   TODO: reference to scitt receipts.

   The protected header for an RFC9162_SHA256 inclusion proof signature
   is:

   *  alg (label: 1): REQUIRED.  Signature algorithm identifier.  Value
      type: int / tstr.

   *  verifiable-data-structure (label: -111): REQUIRED. verifiable data
      structure algorithm identifier.  Value type: int / tstr.

   The unprotected header for an RFC9162_SHA256 inclusion proof
   signature is:

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   inclusion-proofs = [ + bstr ]

   verifiable-proofs = {
     &(inclusion-proof: -1) => inclusion-proofs
   }

   unprotected-header-map = {
     &(verifiable-data-proof: -222) => verifiable-proofs
     * cose-label => cose-value
   }

   *  inclusion-proof (label: -1): REQUIRED.

   The payload of an RFC9162_SHA256 inclusion proof signature is the
   previous Merkle tree hash as defined in [RFC9162].

   The payload MUST be detached.

   Detaching the payload forces verifiers to recompute the root from the
   inclusion proof signature, this protects against implementation
   errors where the signature is verified but the root does not match
   the inclusion proof.

   18(                                 / COSE Sign 1                   /
       [
         h'a4012604...6d706c65',       / Protected                     /
         {                             / Unprotected                   /
           -222: {                     / Proofs                        /
             -1: [                     / Inclusion proofs (1)          /
               h'83080783...32568964', / Inclusion proof 1             /
             ]
           },
         },
         h'',                          / Detached payload              /
         h'2e34df43...8d74d55e'        / Signature                     /
       ]
   )

   {                                   / Protected                     /
     1: -7,                            / Algorithm                     /
     4: h'4930714e...7163316b',        / Key identifier                /
     -111: 1,                          / Verifiable Data Structure     /
   }

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   [                                   / Inclusion proof 1             /
     8,                                / Tree size                     /
     7,                                / Leaf index                    /
     [                                 / Inclusion hashes (3)          /
        h'2a8d7dfc...15d10b22'         / Intermediate hash 1           /
        h'75f177fd...2e73a8ab'         / Intermediate hash 2           /
        h'0bdaaed3...32568964'         / Intermediate hash 3           /
     ]
   ]

5.3.  Consistency Proof

   See [RFC9162], 2.1.4.1.  Generating a Consistency Proof, for a
   complete description of this verifiable data structure proof type.

   The cbor representation of a consistency proof for RFC9162_SHA256 is:

   consistency-proof = [
       tree-size-1: int ; size of tree, at previous root
       tree-size-2: int ; size of tree, at latest root
       consistency-path: [ + bstr ] ; path from previous to latest root.
   ]

   Editors note: tree-size-1, could be ommited, if an inclusion-proof is
   always present, since the inclusion proof contains, tree-size-1.

5.3.1.  Consistency Proof Signature

   In a signed consistency proof, the latest merkle tree root, maps to
   tree-size-2, and is an attached payload.

   The protected header for an RFC9162_SHA256 consistency proof
   signature is:

   *  alg (label: 1): REQUIRED.  Signature algorithm identifier.  Value
      type: int / tstr.

   *  verifiable-data-structure (label: TBD_1): REQUIRED. verifiable
      data structure algorithm identifier.  Value type: int / tstr.

   The unprotected header for an RFC9162_SHA256 consistency proof
   signature is:

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   consistency-proofs = [ + bstr ]

   verifiable-proofs = {
     &(consistency-proof: -2) => consistency-proofs
   }

   unprotected-header-map = {
     &(verifiable-data-proof: -222) => verifiable-proofs
     * cose-label => cose-value
   }

   *  consistency-proof (label: -2): REQUIRED.

   The payload of an RFC9162_SHA256 consistency proof signature is:

   The latest Merkle tree hash as defined in [RFC9162].

   The payload MUST be attached.

   18(                                 / COSE Sign 1                   /
       [
         h'a3012604...392b6601',       / Protected                     /
         {                             / Unprotected                   /
           -222: {                     / Proofs                        /
             -2: [                     / Consistency proofs (1)        /
               h'83040682...2e73a8ab', / Consistency proof 1           /
             ]
           },
         },
         h'430b6fd7...f74c7fc4',       / Payload                       /
         h'd97befea...f30631cb'        / Signature                     /
       ]
   )

   {                                   / Protected                     /
     1: -7,                            / Algorithm                     /
     4: h'68747470...6d706c65',        / Key identifier                /
     -111: 1,                          / Verifiable Data Structure     /
   }

   [                                   / Consistency proof 1           /
     4,                                / Tree size 1                   /
     6,                                / Tree size 2                   /
     [                                 / Consistency hashes (2)        /
        h'0bdaaed3...32568964'         / Intermediate hash 1           /
        h'75f177fd...2e73a8ab'         / Intermediate hash 2           /
     ]
   ]

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6.  Privacy Considerations

   See the privacy considerations section of:

   *  [RFC9162]

   *  [RFC9053]

7.  Security Considerations

   See the security considerations section of:

   *  [RFC9162]

   *  [RFC9053]

8.  Acknowledgements

   We would like to thank Maik Riechert, Jon Geater, Mike Jones, Mike
   Prorock, Ilari Liusvaara, for their contributions (some of which
   substantial) to this draft and to the initial set of implementations.

9.  IANA Considerations

9.1.  Additions to Existing Registries

9.1.1.  New Entries to the COSE Header Parameters Registry

   This document requests IANA to add new values to the 'COSE
   Algorithms' and to the 'COSE Header Algorithm Parameters' registries
   in the 'Standards Action With Expert Review category.

9.1.1.1.  COSE Header Algorithm Parameters

   *  Name: verifiable-data-structure

   *  Label: TBD_1

   *  Value type: int / tstr

   *  Value registry: https://www.iana.org/assignments/cose/
      cose.xhtml#header-parameters

   *  Description: Algorithm name for verifiable data structure, used to
      produce verifiable data structure proofs.

   *  Name: verifiable-data-structure-parameters

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   *  Label: TBD_2

   *  Value type: int / tstr

   *  Value registry: https://www.iana.org/assignments/cose/
      cose.xhtml#header-parameters

   *  Description: Location for verifiable data structure proofs in COSE
      Header Parameters.

9.1.2.  COSE Verifiable Data Structures

   IANA will be asked to establish a registry of verifiable data
   structure identifiers, named "COSE Verifiable Data Structures" to be
   administered under a Specification Required policy [RFC8126].

   Template:

   *  Name: The name of the verifiable data structure

   *  Value: The identifier for the verifiable data structure

   *  Description: The identifier for the verifiable data structure

   *  Reference: Where the verifiable data structure is defined

   Initial contents: Provided in Table 1

9.1.3.  COSE Verifiable Data Structure Parameters

   IANA will be asked to establish a registry of verifiable data
   structure parameters, named "COSE Verifiable Data Structure
   Parameters" to be administered under a Specification Required policy
   [RFC8126].

   Template:

   *  Verifiable Data Structure: The identifier for the verifiable data
      structure

   *  Name: The name of the proof type

   *  Label: The integer of the proof type

   *  CBOR Type: The cbor data type of the proof

   *  Description: The description of the proof type

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   *  Reference: Where the proof type is defined

   Initial contents: Provided in Table 3

10.  References

10.1.  Normative References

   [BCP205]   Sheffer, Y. and A. Farrel, "Improving Awareness of Running
              Code: The Implementation Status Section", BCP 205,
              RFC 7942, DOI 10.17487/RFC7942, July 2016,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7942>.

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2119>.

   [RFC6234]  Eastlake 3rd, D. and T. Hansen, "US Secure Hash Algorithms
              (SHA and SHA-based HMAC and HKDF)", RFC 6234,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC6234, May 2011,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6234>.

   [RFC6962]  Laurie, B., Langley, A., and E. Kasper, "Certificate
              Transparency", RFC 6962, DOI 10.17487/RFC6962, June 2013,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6962>.

   [RFC6979]  Pornin, T., "Deterministic Usage of the Digital Signature
              Algorithm (DSA) and Elliptic Curve Digital Signature
              Algorithm (ECDSA)", RFC 6979, DOI 10.17487/RFC6979, August
              2013, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6979>.

   [RFC7049]  Bormann, C. and P. Hoffman, "Concise Binary Object
              Representation (CBOR)", RFC 7049, DOI 10.17487/RFC7049,
              October 2013, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7049>.

   [RFC8032]  Josefsson, S. and I. Liusvaara, "Edwards-Curve Digital
              Signature Algorithm (EdDSA)", RFC 8032,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC8032, January 2017,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8032>.

   [RFC8126]  Cotton, M., Leiba, B., and T. Narten, "Guidelines for
              Writing an IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26,
              RFC 8126, DOI 10.17487/RFC8126, June 2017,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8126>.

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   [RFC8174]  Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
              2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
              May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8174>.

   [RFC8949]  Bormann, C. and P. Hoffman, "Concise Binary Object
              Representation (CBOR)", STD 94, RFC 8949,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC8949, December 2020,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8949>.

   [RFC9053]  Schaad, J., "CBOR Object Signing and Encryption (COSE):
              Initial Algorithms", RFC 9053, DOI 10.17487/RFC9053,
              August 2022, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9053>.

   [RFC9162]  Laurie, B., Messeri, E., and R. Stradling, "Certificate
              Transparency Version 2.0", RFC 9162, DOI 10.17487/RFC9162,
              December 2021, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9162>.

10.2.  Informative References

   [I-D.ietf-cose-countersign]
              Schaad, J., "CBOR Object Signing and Encryption (COSE):
              Countersignatures", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft,
              draft-ietf-cose-countersign-10, 20 September 2022,
              <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-cose-
              countersign-10>.

   [I-D.ietf-scitt-architecture]
              Birkholz, H., Delignat-Lavaud, A., Fournet, C., Deshpande,
              Y., and S. Lasker, "An Architecture for Trustworthy and
              Transparent Digital Supply Chains", Work in Progress,
              Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-scitt-architecture-04, 23
              October 2023, <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/
              draft-ietf-scitt-architecture-04>.

Appendix A.  Implementation Status

   Note to RFC Editor: Please remove this section as well as references
   to [BCP205] before AUTH48.

   This section records the status of known implementations of the
   protocol defined by this specification at the time of posting of this
   Internet-Draft, and is based on a proposal described in [BCP205].
   The description of implementations in this section is intended to
   assist the IETF in its decision processes in progressing drafts to
   RFCs.  Please note that the listing of any individual implementation
   here does not imply endorsement by the IETF.  Furthermore, no effort
   has been spent to verify the information presented here that was
   supplied by IETF contributors.  This is not intended as, and must not

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   be construed to be, a catalog of available implementations or their
   features.  Readers are advised to note that other implementations may
   exist.

   According to [BCP205], "this will allow reviewers and working groups
   to assign due consideration to documents that have the benefit of
   running code, which may serve as evidence of valuable experimentation
   and feedback that have made the implemented protocols more mature.
   It is up to the individual working groups to use this information as
   they see fit".

A.1.  Implementer

   An open-source implementation was initiated and is maintained by the
   Transmute Industries Inc. - Transmute.

A.2.  Implementation Name

   An application demonstrating the concepts is available at
   https://scitt.xyz (https://scitt.xyz).

A.3.  Implementation URL

   An open-source implementation is available at:

   *  https://github.com/transmute-industries/cose

A.4.  Maturity

   The code's level of maturity is considered to be "prototype".

A.5.  Coverage and Version Compatibility

   The current version ('main') implements the verifiable data structure
   algorithm, inclusion proof and consistency proof concepts of this
   draft.

A.6.  License

   The project and all corresponding code and data maintained on GitHub
   are provided under the Apache License, version 2.

A.7.  Implementation Dependencies

   The implementation builds on concepts described in SCITT
   [I-D.ietf-scitt-architecture] (https://scitt.io/).

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   The implementation uses the Concise Binary Object Representation
   [RFC7049] (https://cbor.io/).

   The implementation uses the CBOR Object Signing and Encryption
   [RFC9053], maintained at: - https://github.com/erdtman/cose-js

   The implementation uses an implementation of [RFC9162], maintained
   at:

   *  https://github.com/transmute-industries/rfc9162/tree/main/src/
      CoMETRE

A.8.  Contact

   Orie Steele (orie@transmute.industries)

Authors' Addresses

   Orie Steele
   Transmute
   United States
   Email: orie@transmute.industries

   Henk Birkholz
   Fraunhofer SIT
   Rheinstrasse 75
   64295 Darmstadt
   Germany
   Email: henk.birkholz@sit.fraunhofer.de

   Antoine Delignat-Lavaud
   Microsoft
   United Kingdom
   Email: antdl@microsoft.com

   Cedric Fournet
   Microsoft
   United Kingdom
   Email: fournet@microsoft.com

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