An EDNS0 option to negotiate Leases on DNS Updates
draft-ietf-dnssd-update-lease-00

Internet Engineering Task Force                              S. Cheshire
Internet-Draft                                                Apple Inc.
Intended status: Standards Track                                T. Lemon
Expires: 24 April 2022                                         Apple Inc
                                                         21 October 2021

           An EDNS0 option to negotiate Leases on DNS Updates
                    draft-ietf-dnssd-update-lease-00

Abstract

   This document proposes a new EDNS0 option that can be used by DNS
   Update clients and DNS servers to include a lease lifetime in a DNS
   Update or response, allowing a server to garbage collect stale
   resource records that have been added by DNS Updates

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
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   This Internet-Draft will expire on 24 April 2022.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2021 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
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Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2
   2.  Conventions and Terminology Used in this Document . . . . . .   3
   3.  Mechanisms  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   4.  Update Message Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   5.  Refresh Messages  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     5.1.  Coalescing Refresh Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     5.2.  Refresh Message Format  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
     5.3.  Server Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
   6.  Garbage Collection  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
   7.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
   8.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
   9.  Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
   10. Normative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
   11. Informative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7

1.  Introduction

   Dynamic DNS Update [RFC2136] allows for a mapping from a persistent
   hostname to a dynamic IP address.  This capability is particularly
   beneficial to mobile hosts, whose IP address may frequently change
   with location.  However, the mobile nature of such hosts often means
   that dynamically updated resource records are not properly deleted.
   Consider, for instance, a mobile user who publishes address records
   via dynamic update.  If this user moves their laptop out of range of
   the Wi-Fi access point, the address record containing stale
   information may remain on the server indefinitely.  An extension to
   Dynamic Update is thus required to tell the server to automatically
   delete resource records if they are not refreshed after a period of
   time.

   Note that overloading the resource record TTL [RFC1035] is not
   appropriate for purposes of garbage collection.  Data that is
   susceptible to frequent change or invalidation, thus requiring a
   garbage collection mechanism, needs a relatively short resource
   record TTL to avoid polluting intermediate DNS caches with stale
   data.  Using this TTL, short enough to minimize stale cached data, as
   a garbage collection lease lifetime would result in an unacceptable
   amount of network traffic due to refreshes (see Section 5 "Refresh
   Messages").

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2.  Conventions and Terminology Used in this Document

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
   "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
   "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", when, and
   only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here [RFC2119]
   [RFC8174].

3.  Mechanisms

   The EDNS0 Update Lease option is included in a standard DNS Update
   message [RFC2136] within an EDNS(0) OPT pseudo-RR [RFC6891] with a
   new OPT and RDATA format proposed here.  Encoding the Update Lease
   Lifetime in an OPT RR requires minimal modification to a name
   server's front-end, and will cause servers that do not implement this
   extension to automatically return a descriptive error (NOTIMPL).

4.  Update Message Format

   Dynamic DNS Update Leases Requests and Responses are formatted as
   standard DNS Dynamic Update messages [RFC2136], with the addition of
   a single OPT RR in the Additional section.  Note that if a TSIG
   resource record is to be added to authenticate the update [RFC2845],
   the TSIG RR should appear *after* the OPT RR, allowing the message
   digest in the TSIG to cover the OPT RR.

   The OPT RR is formatted as follows:

    Field Name      Field Type    Description
    ----------------------------------------------------------------
    NAME            domain name   empty (root domain)
    TYPE            u_int16_t     OPT
    CLASS           u_int16_t     0
    TTL             u_int32_t     0
    RDLEN           u_int16_t     describes RDATA
    RDATA           byte stream   (see below)

    RDATA Format:

    Field Name       Field Type   Description
    ----------------------------------------------------------------
    OPTION-CODE      u_int16_t    UPDATE-LEASE (2)
    OPTION-LENGTH    u_int16_t    4 or 8
    LEASE            u_int32_t    desired lease (request) or
                                  granted lease (response), in seconds
    KEY-LEASE        u_int32_t    optional desired (or granted)
                                  lease for KEY records, in seconds

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                                  Figure 1

   Update Requests contain, in the LEASE field of the OPT RDATA, an
   unsigned 32-bit integer indicating the lease lifetime, in seconds,
   desired by the client, represented in network (big-endian) byte
   order.  In Update Responses, this field contains the actual lease
   granted by the server.  The lease granted by the server may be less
   than, greater than, or equal to the value requested by the client.
   To reduce network and server load, a minimum lease of 30 minutes
   (1800 seconds) is RECOMMENDED.  Leases are expected to be
   sufficiently long as to make timer discrepancies (due to transmission
   latency, etc.) between a client and server negligible.  Clients that
   expect the updated records to be relatively static MAY request
   appropriately longer leases.  Servers MAY grant relatively longer or
   shorter leases to reduce network traffic due to refreshes, or reduce
   stale data, respectively.

   There are two variants of the EDNS(0) UPDATE-LEASE option, the basic
   (4-byte) variant and the extended (8-byte) variant.

   In the basic (4-byte) variant, the LEASE indicated in the OPT RR
   applies to all resource records in the Update section.

   In the extended (8-byte) variant, the Update Lease communicates two
   lease lifetimes.  The LEASE indicated in the OPT RR applies to all
   resource records in the Update section *except* for KEY records.  The
   KEY-LEASE indicated in the OPT RR applies to KEY records in the
   Update section.  This variant is used specifically for supporting the
   DNS-SD Service Registration Protocol [I-D.ietf-dnssd-srp].

5.  Refresh Messages

   Resource records not to be deleted by the server MUST be refreshed by
   the client before the lease elapses.  Clients SHOULD refresh resource
   records after 75% of the original lease has elapsed.  If the client
   uses UDP and does not receive a response from the server, the client
   SHOULD re-try after 2 seconds.  The client SHOULD continue to re-try,
   doubling the length of time between each re-try, or re-try using TCP.

5.1.  Coalescing Refresh Messages

   If the client has sent multiple updates to a single server, the
   client MAY include refreshes for all valid updates to that server in
   a single message.  This effectively places all records for a client
   on the same expiration schedule, reducing network traffic due to
   refreshes.  In doing so, the client includes in the refresh message
   all existing updates to the server, including those not yet close to
   expiration, so long as at least one resource record in the message

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   has elapsed at least 75% of its original lease.  If the client uses
   UDP, the client MUST NOT coalesce refresh messages if doing so would
   cause truncation of the message; in this case, multiple messages or
   TCP should be used.

5.2.  Refresh Message Format

   Refresh messages are formatted like Dynamic Update Leases Requests
   and Responses (see Section 4 "Update Message Format").  The resource
   records to be refreshed are contained in the Update section.  These
   same resource records are repeated in the Prerequisite section, as an
   "RRSet exists (value dependent)" prerequisite [RFC2136].  An OPT RR
   is the last resource record in the Additional section (except for a
   TSIG record, which, if required, follows the OPT RR).  The OPT RR
   contains the desired new lease on Requests, and the actual granted
   lease on Responses.  The Update Lease indicated in the OPT RR applies
   to all resource records in the Update section.

5.3.  Server Behavior

   Upon receiving a valid Refresh Request, the server MUST send an
   acknowledgment.  This acknowledgment is identical to the Update
   Response format described in Section 4 "Update Message Format", and
   contains the new lease of the resource records being refreshed.  If
   no records in the Refresh Request have completed 50% of their leases,
   the server SHOULD NOT refresh the records; the response should
   contain the smallest remaining (unrefreshed) lease of all records in
   the refresh message.  The server MUST NOT increment the SOA serial
   number of a zone as the result of a refresh.

6.  Garbage Collection

   If the Update Lease of a resource record elapses without being
   refreshed, the server MUST NOT return the expired record in answers
   to queries.  The server MAY delete the record from its database.

7.  Security Considerations

   When DNS Update is enabled on an authoritative server, the Security
   Considerations of that specification [RFC2136] should be considered.

   The addition of a record lifetime to facilitate automated garbage
   collection does not itself add any significant new security concerns.

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8.  IANA Considerations

   The EDNS(0) OPTION CODE 2 has already been assigned for this DNS
   extension.  No additional IANA services are required by this
   document.

9.  Acknowledgments

   Thanks to Marc Krochmal and Kiren Sekar to their work in 2006 on the
   precursor to this document.  Thanks also to Roger Pantos and Chris
   Sharp for their contributions.

10.  Normative References

   [RFC1035]  Mockapetris, P., "Domain names - implementation and
              specification", STD 13, RFC 1035, DOI 10.17487/RFC1035,
              November 1987, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc1035>.

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

   [RFC2136]  Vixie, P., Ed., Thomson, S., Rekhter, Y., and J. Bound,
              "Dynamic Updates in the Domain Name System (DNS UPDATE)",
              RFC 2136, DOI 10.17487/RFC2136, April 1997,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2136>.

   [RFC6891]  Damas, J., Graff, M., and P. Vixie, "Extension Mechanisms
              for DNS (EDNS(0))", STD 75, RFC 6891,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC6891, April 2013,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6891>.

   [RFC8174]  Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
              2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
              May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.

11.  Informative References

   [RFC2845]  Vixie, P., Gudmundsson, O., Eastlake 3rd, D., and B.
              Wellington, "Secret Key Transaction Authentication for DNS
              (TSIG)", RFC 2845, DOI 10.17487/RFC2845, May 2000,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2845>.

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   [I-D.ietf-dnssd-srp]
              Lemon, T. and S. Cheshire, "Service Registration Protocol
              for DNS-Based Service Discovery", Work in Progress,
              Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-dnssd-srp-10, 12 July 2021,
              <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-dnssd-
              srp-10>.

Authors' Addresses

   Stuart Cheshire
   Apple Inc.
   One Apple Park Way
   Cupertino, California 95014
   United States of America

   Phone: +1 408 974 3207
   Email: cheshire@apple.com

   Ted Lemon
   Apple Inc
   P.O. Box 958
   Brattleboro, Vermont 05302
   United States of America

   Email: mellon@fugue.com

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