Special Use Domain '.home.arpa'
draft-ietf-homenet-dot-04
The information below is for an old version of the document.
| Document | Type | Active Internet-Draft (homenet WG) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Authors | Pierre Pfister , Ted Lemon | ||
| Last updated | 2017-04-06 | ||
| Replaces | draft-pfister-homenet-dot | ||
| Stream | Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) | ||
| Formats | plain text xml htmlized pdfized bibtex | ||
| Reviews |
SECDIR Last Call review
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||
| Stream | WG state | WG Document | |
| Document shepherd | Ray Bellis | ||
| Shepherd write-up | Show Last changed 2017-03-02 | ||
| IESG | IESG state | AD is watching | |
| Consensus boilerplate | Yes | ||
| Telechat date | (None) | ||
| Responsible AD | Terry Manderson | ||
| Send notices to | Ray Bellis <ray@bellis.me.uk> |
draft-ietf-homenet-dot-04
Network Working Group P. Pfister
Internet-Draft Cisco Systems
Updates: RFC7788 (if approved) T. Lemon
Intended status: Standards Track Nominum, Inc.
Expires: October 8, 2017 April 6, 2017
Special Use Domain '.home.arpa'
draft-ietf-homenet-dot-04
Abstract
This document specifies the behavior that is expected from the Domain
Name System with regard to DNS queries for names ending with
'.home.arpa.', and designates this top-level domain as a special-use
domain name. The '.home.arpa' top-level domain replaces '.home' as
the default domain used by the Home Networking Control Protocol
(HNCP).
Status of This Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute
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and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
This Internet-Draft will expire on October 8, 2017.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2017 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
(http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
publication of this document. Please review these documents
carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must
include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
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the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
described in the Simplified BSD License.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2. General Guidance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3. Domain Name Reservation Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . 3
4. Updates to Home Networking Control Protocol . . . . . . . . . 4
5. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
6. Delegation of 'home.arpa' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
7. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
8. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
9. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
9.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
9.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1. Introduction
Users and devices within a home network require devices and services
to be identified by names that are unique within the boundaries of
the home network [RFC7368]. The naming mechanism needs to function
without configuration from the user. While it may be possible for a
name to be delegated by an ISP, home networks must also function in
the absence of such a delegation. A default name with a scope
limited to each individual home network needs to be used.
The '.home.arpa' top-level domain replaces '.home' which was
specified in [RFC7788] as the default domain-name for home networks.
'.home' had been selected as the most user-friendly option. However,
there are existing uses of '.home' that may be in conflict with this
use: evidence indicates that '.home' queries frequently leak out and
reach the root name servers [ICANN1] [ICANN2]. Also, ICANN has about
a dozen applicants for the '.home' top-level domain name, which
creates a significant risk of litigation if it were claimed by the
IETF outside of that process. As a result, the use of '.home' has
been deprecated; this document updates [RFC7788] to replace '.home'
with '.home.arpa', while another document, [I-D.ietf-homenet-redact]
deprecates the use of the '.home' TLD.
This document registers the top-level domain '.home.arpa.' as a
special-use domain name [RFC6761] and specifies the behavior that is
expected from the Domain Name System with regard to DNS queries for
names whose rightmost non-terminal label is 'homenet'. Queries for
names ending with '.home.arpa.' are of local significance within the
scope of a home network, meaning that identical queries will result
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in different results from one home network to another. In other
words, a name ending in '.home.arpa' is not globally unique.
2. General Guidance
The top-level domain name '.home.arpa.' is to be used for naming
within a home network. Names ending with '.home.arpa.' reference a
locally-served zone, the contents of which are unique only to a
particular home network, and are not globally unique. Such names
refer to nodes and/or services that are located within a home network
(e.g., a printer, or a toaster).
DNS queries for names ending with '.home.arpa.' are resolved using
local resolvers on the homenet. Such queries MUST NOT be recursively
forwarded to servers outside the logical boundaries of the home
network.
Some service discovery user interfaces that are expected to be used
on homenets conceal information such as domain names from end users.
However, it is still expected that in some cases, users will need to
see, remember, and even type, names ending with '.home.arpa'. It is
therefore desirable that users identify the top-level domain and
understand that using it expresses the intention to connect to a
service that is specific to the home network to which they are
connected. Enforcing the fulfillment of this intention is out of
scope for this document.
3. Domain Name Reservation Considerations
This section defines the behavior of systems involved in domain name
resolution when serving queries for names ending with '.home.arpa.'
(as per [RFC6761]).
1. Users can use names ending with '.home.arpa.' just as they would
use any other domain name. The '.home.arpa' name is chosen to be
readily recognized by users as signifying that the name is
addressing a service on the homenet to which the user's device is
connected.
2. Applications SHOULD treat domain names ending with '.home.arpa.'
just like any other FQDN, and MUST NOT make any assumption on the
level of additional security implied by its presence.
3. Name resolution APIs and libraries MUST NOT recognize names that
end in '.home.arpa.' as special and MUST NOT treat them
differently. Name resolution APIs MUST send queries for such
names to a recursive DNS server that is configured to be
authoritative for the .home.arpa zone appropriate to the home
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network. One or more IP addresses for recursive DNS servers will
usually be supplied to the client through router advertisements
or DHCP. If a host is configured to use a resolver other than
one that is authoritative for the appropriate .home.arpa zone,
the client may be unable to resolve, or may receive incorrect
results for, names in sub domains of ".home.arpa".
4. Unless configured otherwise, recursive resolvers and DNS proxies
MUST behave as described in Locally Served Zones ([RFC6303]
Section 3). Recursive resolvers that are part of a home network
MAY be configured manually or automatically (e.g., for auto-
configuration purposes) to act differently, e.g., by querying
another name server configured as authoritative for part or all
of the '.home.arpa' domain, or proxying the request through a
different mechanism.
5. Only a DNS server that is authoritative for the '.arpa' zone or
is configured to be authoritative for '.home.arpa' or a subdomain
of '.home.arpa' will ever answer a query about '.home.arpa.' In
both of these cases, the server should simply answer as
configured: no special handling is required.
6. DNS servers outside a home network should not be configured to be
authoritative for .home.arpa.
7. DNS Registries/Registrars MUST NOT grant requests to register
'.home.arpa' in the normal way to any person or entity.
'.home.arpa' MUST BE registered in perpetuity to IANA, and IANA
MUST maintain nameservers for the zone.
4. Updates to Home Networking Control Protocol
The final paragraph of Homenet Considerations Protocol [RFC7788],
section 8, is updated as follows:
OLD:
Names and unqualified zones are used in an HNCP network to provide
naming and service discovery with local significance. A network-
wide zone is appended to all single labels or unqualified zones in
order to qualify them. ".home" is the default; however, an
administrator MAY configure the announcement of a Domain-Name TLV
(Section 10.6) for the network to use a different one. In case
multiple are announced, the domain of the node with the greatest
node identifier takes precedence.
NEW:
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Names and unqualified zones are used in an HNCP network to provide
naming and service discovery with local significance. A network-
wide zone is appended to all single labels or unqualified zones in
order to qualify them. ".home.arpa" is the default; however, an
administrator MAY configure the announcement of a Domain-Name TLV
(Section 10.6) for the network to use a different one. In case
multiple are announced, the domain of the node with the greatest
node identifier takes precedence.
The '.home.arpa' special-use name does not require a special
resolution protocol. Names for which the rightmost non-terminal
label is 'homenet' are resolved using the DNS protocol [RFC1035].
5. Security Considerations
A DNS record that is returned as a response to a query ending with
'.home.arpa.' is expected to have local significance. It is expected
to be returned by a server involved in name resolution for the home
network the device is connected in. However, such response MUST NOT
be considered more trustworthy than would be a similar response for
any other DNS query.
Because '.home.arpa' is not globally scoped and cannot be secured
using DNSSEC based on the root domain's trust anchor, there is no way
to tell, using a standard DNS query, in which home network scope an
answer belongs. Consequently, users may experience surprising
results with such names when roaming to different home networks. To
prevent this from happening, it may be useful for the resolver to
identify different home networks on which it has resolved names, but
this is out of scope for this document.
In order to enable DNSSEC validation of a particular '.home.arpa', it
might make sense to configure a trust anchor for that homenet. How
this might be done is out of scope for this document.
6. Delegation of 'home.arpa'
In order to be fully functional, there must be a delegation of
'home.arpa' in the '.arpa' zone. This delegation MUST NOT be signed,
MUST NOT include a DS record, and MUST point to one or more black
hole servers, for example BLACKHOLE-1.IANA.ORG and BLACKHOLE-
2.IANA.ORG. The reason that this delegation must not be signed is
that not signing the delegation breaks the DNSSEC chain of trust,
which prevents a validating stub resolver from rejecting names
published under 'home.arpa' on a homenet name server.
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7. IANA Considerations
IANA is requested to record the domain name ".home.arpa" in the
Special-Use Domain Names registry [SUDN].
8. Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank Stuart Cheshire for his prior work on
'.home', as well as the homenet chairs: Mark Townsley and Ray Bellis.
We would also like to thank Paul Hoffman for providing review and
comments on the IANA considerations section.
9. References
9.1. Normative References
[RFC2860] Carpenter, B., Baker, F., and M. Roberts, "Memorandum of
Understanding Concerning the Technical Work of the
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority", RFC 2860,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2860, June 2000,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2860>.
[RFC6303] Andrews, M., "Locally Served DNS Zones", BCP 163,
RFC 6303, DOI 10.17487/RFC6303, July 2011,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6303>.
[RFC6761] Cheshire, S. and M. Krochmal, "Special-Use Domain Names",
RFC 6761, DOI 10.17487/RFC6761, February 2013,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6761>.
[I-D.ietf-homenet-redact]
Lemon, T., "Redacting .home from HNCP", draft-ietf-
homenet-redact-03 (work in progress), March 2017.
9.2. Informative References
[RFC1035] Mockapetris, P., "Domain names - implementation and
specification", STD 13, RFC 1035, DOI 10.17487/RFC1035,
November 1987, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc1035>.
[RFC7368] Chown, T., Ed., Arkko, J., Brandt, A., Troan, O., and J.
Weil, "IPv6 Home Networking Architecture Principles",
RFC 7368, DOI 10.17487/RFC7368, October 2014,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7368>.
[RFC7788] Stenberg, M., Barth, S., and P. Pfister, "Home Networking
Control Protocol", RFC 7788, DOI 10.17487/RFC7788, April
2016, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7788>.
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[ICANN1] "New gTLD Collision Risk Mitigation", October 2013,
<https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/new-gtld-
collision-mitigation-05aug13-en.pdf>.
[ICANN2] "New gTLD Collision Occurence Management", October 2013,
<https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/resolutions-
new-gtld-annex-1-07oct13-en.pdf>.
[SUDN] "Special-Use Domain Names Registry", July 2012,
<http://www.iana.org/assignments/special-use-domain-names/
special-use-domain-names.xhtml>.
Authors' Addresses
Pierre Pfister
Cisco Systems
Paris
France
Email: pierre.pfister@darou.fr
Ted Lemon
Nominum, Inc.
800 Bridge Parkway
Redwood City, California 94065
United States of America
Phone: +1 650 381 6000
Email: ted.lemon@nominum.com
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