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In-situ OAM IPv6 Options
draft-ietf-ippm-ioam-ipv6-options-11

The information below is for an old version of the document.
Document Type
This is an older version of an Internet-Draft that was ultimately published as RFC 9486.
Authors Shwetha Bhandari , Frank Brockners
Last updated 2023-05-04 (Latest revision 2023-02-28)
Replaces draft-ioametal-ippm-6man-ioam-ipv6-options
RFC stream Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
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Stream WG state Submitted to IESG for Publication
Document shepherd Marcus Ihlar
Shepherd write-up Show Last changed 2022-04-12
IESG IESG state Became RFC 9486 (Proposed Standard)
Consensus boilerplate Yes
Telechat date (None)
Needs a YES. Needs 4 more YES or NO OBJECTION positions to pass.
Responsible AD Martin Duke
Send notices to marcus.ihlar@ericsson.com
IANA IANA review state Version Changed - Review Needed
draft-ietf-ippm-ioam-ipv6-options-11
ippm                                                    S. Bhandari, Ed.
Internet-Draft                                               Thoughtspot
Intended status: Standards Track                       F. Brockners, Ed.
Expires: 5 November 2023                                           Cisco
                                                              4 May 2023

                        In-situ OAM IPv6 Options
                  draft-ietf-ippm-ioam-ipv6-options-11

Abstract

   In-situ Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (IOAM) records
   operational and telemetry information in the packet while the packet
   traverses a path between two points in the network.  This document
   outlines how IOAM data fields are encapsulated in IPv6.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on 5 November 2023.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2023 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/
   license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document.
   Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights
   and restrictions with respect to this document.  Code Components
   extracted from this document must include Revised BSD License text as
   described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are
   provided without warranty as described in the Revised BSD License.

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Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2
   2.  Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2
     2.1.  Requirements Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2
     2.2.  Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2
   3.  In-situ OAM Metadata Transport in IPv6  . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   4.  IOAM Deployment In IPv6 Networks  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
     4.1.  Considerations for IOAM deployment and implementation in
           IPv6 networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
     4.2.  IOAM domains bounded by hosts . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     4.3.  IOAM domains bounded by network devices . . . . . . . . .   6
   5.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
     5.1.  Applicability of AH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
   6.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
   7.  Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
   8.  References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     8.1.  Normative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     8.2.  Informative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
   Contributors  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
   Contributors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12

1.  Introduction

   In-situ Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (IOAM) records
   operational and telemetry information in the packet while the packet
   traverses a path between two points in the network.  IOAM concepts
   and associated nomenclature, as well as IOAM data fields are defined
   in [RFC9197].  This document outlines how IOAM data fields are
   encapsulated in IPv6 [RFC8200] and discusses deployment requirements
   for networks that use IPv6-encapsulated IOAM data fields.

2.  Conventions

2.1.  Requirements Language

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
   "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP
   14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
   capitals, as shown here.

2.2.  Abbreviations

   Abbreviations used in this document:

   E2E:       Edge-to-Edge

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   IOAM:      In-situ Operations, Administration, and Maintenance as
              defined in [RFC9197]

   OAM:       Operations, Administration, and Maintenance

   POT:       Proof of Transit

3.  In-situ OAM Metadata Transport in IPv6

   IOAM in IPv6 is used to enhance diagnostics of IPv6 networks.  It
   complements other mechanisms designed to enhance diagnostics of IPv6
   networks, such as the IPv6 Performance and Diagnostic Metrics
   Destination Option described in [RFC8250].

   At the time this document was written, several implementations of
   IOAM for IPv6 exist, e.g., IOAM for IPv6 in the Linux Kernel
   (supported from Kernel version 5.15 onwards IPv6 IOAM in Linux Kernel
   (https://github.com/torvalds/linux/
   commit/7c804e91df523a37c29e183ea2b10ac73c3a4f3d)), IOAM for IPv6 in
   VPP (https://docs.fd.io/vpp/17.04/ioam_ipv6_doc.html).

   IOAM data fields can be encapsulated with two types of extension
   headers in IPv6 packets - either the hop-by-hop options header or the
   destination options header.  Multiple options with the same option
   type MAY appear in the same hop-by-hop options or destination options
   header, with distinct content.

   An IPv6 packet carrying IOAM data in an extension header can have
   other extension headers, compliant with [RFC8200].

   IPv6 hop-by-hop and destination option format for carrying IOAM data
   fields:

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   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |  Option Type  |  Opt Data Len |   Reserved    |   IOAM Type   |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+<-+
   |                                                               |  |
   .                                                               .  I
   .                                                               .  O
   .                                                               .  A
   .                                                               .  M
   .                                                               .  .
   .                          Option Data                          .  O
   .                                                               .  P
   .                                                               .  T
   .                                                               .  I
   .                                                               .  O
   .                                                               .  N
   |                                                               |  |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+<-+

   Option Type:  8-bit option type identifier as defined in Section 6.

   Opt Data Len:  8-bit unsigned integer.  Length of this option, in
      octets, not including the first 2 octets.

   Reserved:  8-bit field MUST be set to zero by the source.

   IOAM Type:  8-bit field as defined in section 7.1 in [RFC9197].

   Option Data:  Variable-length field.  Option-Type-specific data.

   IOAM Option data is inserted as follows:

   1.  Pre-allocated Trace Option: The IOAM Preallocated Trace Option-
       Type defined in Section 4.4 of [RFC9197] is represented as an
       IPv6 option in the hop-by-hop extension header:

       Option Type:  TBD_1_1 8-bit identifier of the IPv6 Option Type
          for IOAM.

       IOAM Type:  IOAM Pre-allocated Trace Option-Type.

   2.  Proof of Transit Option: The IOAM POT Option-Type defined in
       Section 4.5 of [RFC9197] is represented as an IPv6 option in the
       hop-by-hop extension header:

       Option Type:  TBD_1_1 8-bit identifier of the IPv6 Option Type
          for IOAM.

       IOAM Type:  IOAM POT Option-Type.

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   3.  Edge to Edge Option: The IOAM E2E option defined in Section 4.6
       [RFC9197] is represented as an IPv6 option in destination
       extension header:

       Option Type:  TBD_1_0 8-bit identifier of the IPv6 Option Type
          for IOAM.

       IOAM Type:  IOAM E2E Option-Type.

   4.  Direct Export (DEX) Option: The IOAM Direct Export Option-Type
       defined in Section 3.2 of [RFC9326] is represented as an IPv6
       option in the hop-by-hop extension header:

       Option Type:  TBD_1_0 8-bit identifier of the IPv6 Option Type
          for IOAM.

       IOAM Type:  IOAM Direct Export (DEX) Option-Type.

   All the IOAM IPv6 options defined here have alignment requirements.
   Specifically, they all require 4n alignment.  This ensures that
   fields specified in [RFC9197] are aligned at a multiple-of-4 offset
   from the start of the hop-by-hop and destination options header.

   IPv6 options can have a maximum length of 255 octets.  Consequently,
   the total length of IOAM Option-Types including all data fields is
   also limited to 255 octets when encapsulated into IPv6.

4.  IOAM Deployment In IPv6 Networks

4.1.  Considerations for IOAM deployment and implementation in IPv6
      networks

   IOAM deployments in IPv6 networks MUST take the following
   considerations and requirements into account:

   C1  IOAM MUST be deployed in an IOAM-Domain.  An IOAM-Domain is a set
      of nodes that use IOAM.  An IOAM-Domain is bounded by its
      perimeter or edge.  The set of nodes forming an IOAM-Domain may be
      connected to the same physical infrastructure (e.g., a service
      provider's network).  They may also be remotely connected to each
      other (e.g., an enterprise VPN or an overlay).  It is expected
      that all nodes in an IOAM-Domain are managed by the same
      administrative entity.  Please refer to [RFC9197]) for more
      details on IOAM-Domains.

   C2  Implementations of IOAM MUST ensure that the addition of IOAM

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      data fields does not alter the way routers forward packets or the
      forwarding decisions they make.  Packets with added IOAM
      information must follow the same path within the domain as an
      identical packet without IOAM information would, even in the
      presence of Equal-Cost Multi-Path (ECMP).  This behavior is
      important for deployments where IOAM data fields are only added
      "on-demand".  Implementations of IOAM MUST ensure that ECMP
      behavior for packets with and without IOAM data fields is the
      same.  In order for IOAM to work in IPv6 networks, IOAM MUST be
      explicitly enabled per interface on every node within the IOAM
      domain.  Unless a particular interface is explicitly enabled
      (i.e., explicitly configured) for IOAM, a router MUST ignore IOAM
      Options.

   C3  In order to maintain the integrity of packets in an IOAM domain,
      the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) of transit routers and
      switches must be configured to a value that does not lead to an
      ICMP Packet Too Big error message being sent to the originator and
      the packet being dropped.  The PMTU tolerance range must be
      identified and IOAM encapsulation operations or data field
      insertion must not exceed this range.  Control of the MTU is
      critical to the proper operation of IOAM.  The PMTU tolerance must
      be identified through configuration and IOAM operations must not
      exceed the packet size beyond PMTU.

   C4  [RFC8200] precludes insertion of IOAM data directly into the
      original IPv6 header of in-flight packets.  IOAM deployments which
      do not encapsulate/decapsulate IOAM on the host but desire to
      encapsulate/decapsulate IOAM on transit nodes MUST add an
      additional IPv6 header to the original packet.  IOAM data is added
      to this additional IPv6 header.

4.2.  IOAM domains bounded by hosts

   For deployments where the IOAM domain is bounded by hosts, hosts will
   perform the operation of IOAM data field encapsulation and
   decapsulation.  IOAM data is carried in IPv6 packets as hop-by-hop or
   destination options as specified in this document.

4.3.  IOAM domains bounded by network devices

   For deployments where the IOAM domain is bounded by network devices,
   network devices such as routers form the edge of an IOAM domain.
   Network devices will perform the operation of IOAM data field
   encapsulation and decapsulation.

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5.  Security Considerations

   This document describes the encapsulation of IOAM data fields in
   IPv6.  For general IOAM security considerations, see [RFC9197].
   Security considerations of the specific IOAM data fields for each
   case (i.e., Trace, Proof of Transit, and E2E) are also described and
   defined in [RFC9197].

   As this document describes new options for IPv6, the security
   considerations of [RFC8200] and [RFC8250] apply.

   From a network-protection perspective, there is an assumed trust
   model such that any node that adds IOAM to a packet, removes IOAM
   from a packet, or modifies IOAM data fields of a packet is assumed to
   be allowed to do so.  By default, packets that include IPv6 extension
   headers with IOAM information MUST NOT be leaked through the
   boundaries of the IOAM-Domain.

   IOAM-Domain boundary routers MUST filter any incoming traffic from
   outside the IOAM-Domain that contains IPv6 extension headers with
   IOAM information.  IOAM-Domain boundary routers MUST also filter any
   outgoing traffic leaving the IOAM-Domain that contains IPv6 extension
   headers with IOAM information.

   In the general case, an IOAM node only adds, removes, or modifies an
   IPv6 extension header with IOAM information, if the directive to do
   so comes from a trusted source and the directive is validated.

   Problems may occur if the above behaviors are not implemented or if
   the assumed trust model is violated (e.g., through a security
   breach).  In addition to the security considerations discussed in
   [RFC9197], the security considerations associated with IPv6 extension
   headers listed in [RFC9098] apply.

5.1.  Applicability of AH

   The network devices in an IOAM-Domain are trusted to add, update and
   remove IOAM options according to the constraints specified in
   [RFC8200].  IOAM domain does not rely on the Authentication Header
   (AH) as defined in [RFC4302] to secure IOAM options.  The use of IOAM
   options with AH and its processing is not defined in this document.
   Future documents may define the use of IOAM with AH and its
   processing.

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6.  IANA Considerations

   This draft requests the following IPv6 Option Type assignments from
   the destination options and hop-by-hop options sub-registry of
   Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) Parameters.

   http://www.iana.org/assignments/ipv6-parameters/ipv6-
   parameters.xhtml#ipv6-parameters-2

      Hex Value    Binary Value      Description            Reference
                   act chg rest
      ------------------------------------------------------------------
      TBD_1_0      00   0  TBD_1     IOAM                   [This draft]
                                     destination option
                                     and
                                     IOAM hop-by-hop option
      TBD_1_1      00   1  TBD_1     IOAM                   [This draft]
                                     destination option
                                     and
                                     IOAM hop-by-hop option

7.  Acknowledgements

   The authors would like to thank Tom Herbert, Eric Vyncke, Nalini
   Elkins, Srihari Raghavan, Ranganathan T S, Karthik Babu Harichandra
   Babu, Akshaya Nadahalli, Stefano Previdi, Hemant Singh, Erik
   Nordmark, LJ Wobker, Mark Smith, Andrew Yourtchenko and Justin Iurman
   for the comments and advice.  For the IPv6 encapsulation, this
   document leverages concepts described in
   [I-D.kitamura-ipv6-record-route].  The authors would like to
   acknowledge the work done by the author Hiroshi Kitamura and people
   involved in writing it.

8.  References

8.1.  Normative References

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

   [RFC8174]  Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
              2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
              May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.

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   [RFC9197]  Brockners, F., Ed., Bhandari, S., Ed., and T. Mizrahi,
              Ed., "Data Fields for In Situ Operations, Administration,
              and Maintenance (IOAM)", RFC 9197, DOI 10.17487/RFC9197,
              May 2022, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9197>.

   [RFC9326]  Song, H., Gafni, B., Brockners, F., Bhandari, S., and T.
              Mizrahi, "In Situ Operations, Administration, and
              Maintenance (IOAM) Direct Exporting", RFC 9326,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC9326, November 2022,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9326>.

8.2.  Informative References

   [I-D.kitamura-ipv6-record-route]
              Kitamura, H., "Record Route for IPv6 (PR6) Hop-by-Hop
              Option Extension", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft,
              draft-kitamura-ipv6-record-route-00, November 2000,
              <https://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-kitamura-ipv6-record-
              route-00.txt>.

   [RFC4302]  Kent, S., "IP Authentication Header", RFC 4302,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC4302, December 2005,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4302>.

   [RFC8200]  Deering, S. and R. Hinden, "Internet Protocol, Version 6
              (IPv6) Specification", STD 86, RFC 8200,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC8200, July 2017,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8200>.

   [RFC8250]  Elkins, N., Hamilton, R., and M. Ackermann, "IPv6
              Performance and Diagnostic Metrics (PDM) Destination
              Option", RFC 8250, DOI 10.17487/RFC8250, September 2017,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8250>.

   [RFC9098]  Gont, F., Hilliard, N., Doering, G., Kumari, W., Huston,
              G., and W. Liu, "Operational Implications of IPv6 Packets
              with Extension Headers", RFC 9098, DOI 10.17487/RFC9098,
              September 2021, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9098>.

Contributors

   This document was the collective effort of several authors.  The text
   and content were contributed by the editors and the co-authors listed
   below.  The contact information of the co-authors appears at the end
   of this document.

   *  Carlos Pignataro

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   *  Hannes Gredler

   *  John Leddy

   *  Stephen Youell

   *  Tal Mizrahi

   *  Aviv Kfir

   *  Barak Gafni

   *  Petr Lapukhov

   *  Mickey Spiegel

   *  Suresh Krishnan

   *  Rajiv Asati

   *  Mark Smith

Contributors' Addresses

      Carlos Pignataro
      Cisco Systems, Inc.
      7200-11 Kit Creek Road
      Research Triangle Park, NC  27709
      United States
      Email: cpignata@cisco.com

      Hannes Gredler
      RtBrick Inc.
      Email: hannes@rtbrick.com

      John Leddy
      Email: john@leddy.net

      Stephen Youell
      JP Morgan Chase
      25 Bank Street
      London  E14 5JP
      United Kingdom
      Email: stephen.youell@jpmorgan.com

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      Tal Mizrahi
      Huawei Network.IO Innovation Lab
      Israel
      Email: tal.mizrahi.phd@gmail.com

      Aviv Kfir
      Mellanox Technologies, Inc.
      350 Oakmead Parkway, Suite 100
      Sunnyvale, CA  94085
      U.S.A.
      Email: avivk@mellanox.com

      Barak Gafni
      Mellanox Technologies, Inc.
      350 Oakmead Parkway, Suite 100
      Sunnyvale, CA  94085
      U.S.A.
      Email: gbarak@mellanox.com

      Petr Lapukhov
      Facebook
      1 Hacker Way
      Menlo Park, CA  94025
      US
      Email: petr@fb.com

      Mickey Spiegel
      Barefoot Networks, an Intel company
      4750 Patrick Henry Drive
      Santa Clara, CA  95054
      US
      Email: mickey.spiegel@intel.com

      Suresh Krishnan
      Kaloom
      Email: suresh@kaloom.com

      Rajiv Asati
      Cisco Systems, Inc.
      7200 Kit Creek Road
      Research Triangle Park, NC  27709
      US
      Email: rajiva@cisco.com

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      Mark Smith
      PO BOX 521
      HEIDELBERG, VIC  3084
      AU
      Email: markzzzsmith+id@gmail.com

Authors' Addresses

   Shwetha Bhandari (editor)
   Thoughtspot
   3rd Floor, Indiqube Orion, 24th Main Rd, Garden Layout, HSR Layout
   Bangalore, KARNATAKA 560 102
   India
   Email: shwetha.bhandari@thoughtspot.com

   Frank Brockners (editor)
   Cisco Systems, Inc.
   Hansaallee 249, 3rd Floor
   40549 DUESSELDORF
   Germany
   Email: fbrockne@cisco.com

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