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JMAP for Mail
draft-ietf-jmap-mail-15

The information below is for an old version of the document.
Document Type
This is an older version of an Internet-Draft that was ultimately published as RFC 8621.
Authors Neil Jenkins , Chris Newman
Last updated 2019-03-07 (Latest revision 2019-02-28)
Replaces draft-jenkins-jmapmail
RFC stream Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
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Additional resources Mailing list discussion
Stream WG state Submitted to IESG for Publication
Document shepherd Bron Gondwana
Shepherd write-up Show Last changed 2018-12-02
IESG IESG state Became RFC 8621 (Proposed Standard)
Consensus boilerplate Yes
Telechat date (None)
Needs a YES. Needs 9 more YES or NO OBJECTION positions to pass.
Responsible AD Alexey Melnikov
Send notices to Bron Gondwana <brong@fastmailteam.com>
IANA IANA review state IANA OK - Actions Needed
draft-ietf-jmap-mail-15
JMAP                                                          N. Jenkins
Internet-Draft                                                  FastMail
Updates: 5788 (if approved)                                    C. Newman
Intended status: Standards Track                                  Oracle
Expires: September 2, 2019                                 March 1, 2019

                             JMAP for Mail
                        draft-ietf-jmap-mail-15

Abstract

   This document specifies a data model for synchronising email data
   with a server using JMAP.  Clients can use this to efficiently
   search, access, organise and send messages, and get pushed
   notifications for fast resynchronisation when new messages are
   delivered or a change is made in another client.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on September 2, 2019.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2019 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of

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   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     1.1.  Notational conventions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     1.2.  Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
     1.3.  Additions to the capabilities object  . . . . . . . . . .   5
       1.3.1.  urn:ietf:params:jmap:mail . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
       1.3.2.  urn:ietf:params:jmap:submission . . . . . . . . . . .   6
       1.3.3.  urn:ietf:params:jmap:vacationresponse . . . . . . . .   7
     1.4.  Data type support in different accounts . . . . . . . . .   7
     1.5.  Push  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
       1.5.1.  Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     1.6.  Ids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
   2.  Mailboxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     2.1.  Mailbox/get . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
     2.2.  Mailbox/changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
     2.3.  Mailbox/query . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
     2.4.  Mailbox/queryChanges  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
     2.5.  Mailbox/set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
     2.6.  Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
   3.  Threads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  17
     3.1.  Thread/get  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  18
       3.1.1.  Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  18
     3.2.  Thread/changes  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  18
   4.  Emails  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  19
     4.1.  Properties of the Email object  . . . . . . . . . . . . .  19
       4.1.1.  Metadata  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  20
       4.1.2.  Header fields parsed forms  . . . . . . . . . . . . .  22
       4.1.3.  Header fields properties  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  27
       4.1.4.  Body parts  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  29
     4.2.  Email/get . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  35
       4.2.1.  Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  37
     4.3.  Email/changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  38
     4.4.  Email/query . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  39
       4.4.1.  Filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  39
       4.4.2.  Sorting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  41
       4.4.3.  Thread collapsing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  43
     4.5.  Email/queryChanges  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  43
     4.6.  Email/set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  43
     4.7.  Email/copy  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  46
     4.8.  Email/import  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  46
     4.9.  Email/parse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  48
     4.10. Examples  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  50
   5.  Search snippets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  57
     5.1.  SearchSnippet/get . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  58

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     5.2.  Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  59
   6.  Identities  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  60
     6.1.  Identity/get  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  61
     6.2.  Identity/changes  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  61
     6.3.  Identity/set  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  61
     6.4.  Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  62
   7.  Email submission  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  62
     7.1.  EmailSubmission/get . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  67
     7.2.  EmailSubmission/changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  67
     7.3.  EmailSubmission/query . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  67
     7.4.  EmailSubmission/queryChanges  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  68
     7.5.  EmailSubmission/set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  68
       7.5.1.  Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  70
   8.  Vacation response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  73
     8.1.  VacationResponse/get  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  74
     8.2.  VacationResponse/set  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  74
   9.  Security considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  74
     9.1.  EmailBodyPart value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  74
     9.2.  HTML email display  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  74
     9.3.  Email submission  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  77
     9.4.  Partial account access  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  77
   10. IANA considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  78
     10.1.  JMAP capability registration for "mail"  . . . . . . . .  78
     10.2.  JMAP capability registration for "submission"  . . . . .  78
     10.3.  JMAP capability registration for "vacationresponse"  . .  78
     10.4.  IMAP and JMAP keywords registry  . . . . . . . . . . . .  79
       10.4.1.  Registration of JMAP keyword '$draft'  . . . . . . .  79
       10.4.2.  Registration of JMAP keyword '$seen' . . . . . . . .  80
       10.4.3.  Registration of JMAP keyword '$flagged'  . . . . . .  81
       10.4.4.  Registration of JMAP keyword '$answered' . . . . . .  82
       10.4.5.  Registration of '$recent' keyword  . . . . . . . . .  83
     10.5.  Registration of "inbox" role in  . . . . . . . . . . . .  83
     10.6.  JMAP Error Codes registry  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  83
       10.6.1.  mailboxHasChild  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  84
       10.6.2.  mailboxHasEmail  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  84
       10.6.3.  blobNotFound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  84
       10.6.4.  tooManyKeywords  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  84
       10.6.5.  tooManyMailboxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  84
       10.6.6.  invalidEmail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  85
       10.6.7.  tooManyRecipients  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  85
       10.6.8.  noRecipients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  85
       10.6.9.  invalidRecipients  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  85
       10.6.10. forbiddenMailFrom  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  85
       10.6.11. forbiddenFrom  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  86
       10.6.12. forbiddenToSend  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  86
   11. References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  86
     11.1.  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  86
     11.2.  Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  90

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     11.3.  URIs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  90
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  90

1.  Introduction

   JMAP ([I-D.ietf-jmap-core] - JSON Meta Application Protocol) is a
   generic protocol for synchronising data, such as mail, calendars or
   contacts, between a client and a server.  It is optimised for mobile
   and web environments, and aims to provide a consistent interface to
   different data types.

   This specification defines a data model for accessing a mail store
   over JMAP, allowing you to query, read, organise and submit mail for
   sending.

   The data model is designed to allow a server to provide consistent
   access to the same data via IMAP ([RFC3501]) as well as JMAP.  As in
   IMAP, a message must belong to a mailbox, however in JMAP its id does
   not change if you move it between mailboxes, and the server may allow
   it to belong to multiple mailboxes simultaneously (often exposed in a
   user agent as labels rather than folders).

   As in IMAP, emails may also be assigned zero or more keywords: short
   arbitrary strings.  These are primarily intended to store metadata to
   inform client display, such as unread status or whether a message has
   been replied to.  An IANA registry allows common semantics to be
   shared between clients and extended easily in the future.

   A message and its replies are linked on the server by a common thread
   id.  Clients may fetch the list of messages with a particular thread
   id to more easily present a threaded or conversational interface.

   Permissions for message access happen on a per-mailbox basis.
   Servers may give the user restricted permissions for certain
   mailboxes, for example if another user's inbox has been shared read-
   only with them.

1.1.  Notational conventions

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
   "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP
   14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
   capitals, as shown here.

   Type signatures, examples and property descriptions in this document
   follow the conventions established in section 1.1 of

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   [I-D.ietf-jmap-core].  Data types defined in the core specification
   are also used in this document.

   Servers MUST support all properties specified for the new data types
   defined in this document.

1.2.  Terminology

   The same terminology is used in this document as in the core JMAP
   specification.

1.3.  Additions to the capabilities object

   The capabilities object is returned as part of the JMAP Session
   object; see [I-D.ietf-jmap-core], section 2.

   This document defines three additional capability URIs.

1.3.1.  urn:ietf:params:jmap:mail

   This represents support for the Mailbox, Thread, Email, and
   SearchSnippet data types and associated API methods.  The value of
   this property is an object which MUST contain the following
   information on server capabilities:

   o  *maxMailboxesPerEmail*: "UnsignedInt|null" The maximum number of
      mailboxes that can be can assigned to a single email.  This MUST
      be an integer >= 1, or "null" for no limit (or rather, the limit
      is always the number of mailboxes in the account).

   o  *maxMailboxDepth*: "UnsignedInt|null" The maximum depth of the
      mailbox hierarchy (i.e. one more than the maximum number of
      ancestors a mailbox may have), or "null" for no limit.

   o  *maxSizeMailboxName*: "UnsignedInt" The maximum length, in (UTF-8)
      octets, allowed for the name of a mailbox.  This MUST be at least
      100, although it is recommended servers allow more.

   o  *maxSizeAttachmentsPerEmail*: "UnsignedInt" The maximum total size
      of attachments, in octets, allowed for a single email.  A server
      MAY still reject import or creation of emails with a lower
      attachment size total (for example, if the body includes several
      megabytes of text, causing the size of the encoded MIME structure
      to be over some server-defined limit).  Note, this limit is for
      the sum of unencoded attachment sizes.  Users are generally not
      knowledgeable about encoding overhead etc., nor should they need
      to be, so marketing and help materials normally tell them the "max
      size attachments".  This is the unencoded size they see on their

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      hard drive, and so this capability matches that and allows the
      client to consistently enforce what the user understands as the
      limit.  The server may separately have a limit for the total size
      of the RFC5322 message, which will have attachments Base64 encoded
      and message headers and bodies too.  For example, suppose the
      server advertises "maxSizeAttachmentsPerEmail: 50000000" (50 MB).
      The enforced server limit may be for an RFC5322 size of 70000000
      octets (70 MB).  Even with Base64 encoding and a 2 MB HTML body,
      50 MB attachments would fit under this limit.

   o  *emailsListSortOptions*: "String[]" A list of all the email
      properties the server supports sorting by.  This MAY include
      properties the client does not recognise (for example custom
      properties specified in a vendor extension).  Clients MUST ignore
      any unknown properties in the list.

1.3.2.  urn:ietf:params:jmap:submission

   This represents support for the Identity and MessageSubmission data
   types and associated API methods.  The value of this property is an
   object which MUST contain the following information on server
   capabilities:

   o  *maxDelayedSend*: "UnsignedInt" The number in seconds of the
      maximum delay the server supports in sending (see the
      EmailSubmission object description).  This is "0" if the server
      does not support delayed send.

   o  *submissionExtensions*: "String[String[]]" A JMAP implementation
      that talks to a Submission [RFC6409] server SHOULD have a
      configuration setting that allows an administrator to expose a new
      submission EHLO capability in this field.  This allows a JMAP
      server to gain access to a new submission extension without code
      changes.  By default, the JMAP server should hide EHLO
      capabilities that are to do with the transport mechanism and thus
      are only relevant to the JMAP server (for example PIPELINING,
      CHUNKING, or STARTTLS).  Each key in the object is the _ehlo-
      name_, and the value is a list of _ehlo-args_.  Examples of
      Submission extensions to include:

      *  FUTURERELEASE ([RFC4865])

      *  SIZE ([RFC1870])

      *  DSN ([RFC3461])

      *  DELIVERYBY ([RFC2852])

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      *  MT-PRIORITY ([RFC6710])

      A JMAP server MAY advertise an extension and implement the
      semantics of that extension locally on the JMAP server even if a
      submission server used by JMAP doesn't implement it.  The full
      IANA registry of submission extensions can be found at
      <https://www.iana.org/assignments/mail-parameters/mail-
      parameters.xhtml#mail-parameters-2>.

1.3.3.  urn:ietf:params:jmap:vacationresponse

   This represents support for the VacationResponse data type and
   associated API methods.  The value of this property is an empty
   object.

1.4.  Data type support in different accounts

   The server MUST include the appropriate capability strings in the
   _hasDataFor_ property of any account with which the user may use the
   data types represented by that URI.  Supported data types may differ
   between accounts the user has access to.  For example, in the user's
   personal account they may have access to all three sets of data, but
   in a shared account they may only have data for
   "urn:ietf:params:jmap:mail".  This means they can access
   Mailbox/Thread/Email data in the shared account but are not allowed
   to send as that account (and so do not have access to Identity/
   MessageSubmission objects) or view/set its vacation response.

1.5.  Push

   Servers MUST support the JMAP push mechanisms, as specified in
   [I-D.ietf-jmap-core] section 7, to receive notifications when the
   state changes for any of the types defined in this specification.

   In addition, servers MUST support pushing state changes for a type
   called "EmailDelivery".  There are no methods to act on this type; it
   only exists as part of the push mechanism.  The state string for this
   MUST change whenever a new Email is added to the store, but SHOULD
   NOT change upon any other change to the Email objects, for example if
   one is marked as read or deleted.

   Clients in battery constrained environments may wish to delay
   fetching changes initiated by the user, but fetch new messages
   immediately so they can notify the user.  To do this, they can
   register for pushes for the EmailDelivery type rather than the Email
   type (defined in section 4).

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1.5.1.  Example

   The client has registered for push notifications (see
   [I-D.ietf-jmap-core]) just for the "EmailDelivery" type.  The user
   marks an email as read on another device, causing the state string
   for the "Email" type to change, however as nothing new was added to
   the store the "EmailDelivery" state does not change and nothing is
   pushed to the client.  A new message arrives in the user's inbox,
   again causing the "Email" state to change.  This time the
   "EmailDelivery" state also changes, and a StateChange object is
   pushed to the client with the new state string.  The client may then
   resync to fetch the new message immediately.

1.6.  Ids

   If a JMAP Mail server also provides an IMAP interface to the data and
   supports [RFC8474] IMAP Extension for Object Identifiers, the ids
   SHOULD be the same for mailbox, thread, and email objects in JMAP.

2.  Mailboxes

   A mailbox represents a named set of emails.  This is the primary
   mechanism for organising emails within an account.  It is analogous
   to a folder or a label in other systems.  A mailbox may perform a
   certain role in the system; see below for more details.

   For compatibility with IMAP, an email MUST belong to one or more
   mailboxes.  The email id does not change if the email changes
   mailboxes.

   A *Mailbox* object has the following properties:

   o  *id*: "Id" (immutable; server-set) The id of the mailbox.

   o  *name*: "String" User-visible name for the mailbox, e.g.  "Inbox".
      This MUST be a Net-Unicode string ([RFC5198]) of at least 1
      character in length, subject to the maximum size given in the
      capability object.  There MUST NOT be two sibling mailboxes with
      both the same parent and the same name.  Servers MAY reject names
      that violate server policy (e.g., names containing slash (/) or
      control characters).

   o  *parentId*: "Id|null" (default: null) The mailbox id for the
      parent of this mailbox, or "null" if this mailbox is at the top
      level.  Mailboxes form acyclic graphs (forests) directed by the
      child-to-parent relationship.  There MUST NOT be a loop.

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   o  *role*: "String|null" (default: null) Identifies mailboxes that
      have a particular common purpose (e.g. the "inbox"), regardless of
      the _name_ (which may be localised).  This value is shared with
      IMAP (exposed in IMAP via the [RFC6154] SPECIAL-USE extension).
      However, unlike in IMAP, a mailbox MUST only have a single role,
      and there MUST NOT be two mailboxes in the same account with the
      same role.  Servers providing IMAP access to the same data are
      encouraged to enforce these extra restrictions in IMAP as well.
      Otherwise, it is implementation dependent how to modify the IMAP
      attributes to ensure compliance when exposing the data over JMAP.
      The value MUST be one of the mailbox attribute names listed in the
      IANA IMAP Mailbox Name Attributes Registry [1], as established in
      [RFC8457], converted to lower-case.  New roles may be established
      here in the future.  An account is not required to have mailboxes
      with any particular roles.

   o  *sortOrder*: "UnsignedInt" (default: 0) Defines the sort order of
      mailboxes when presented in the client's UI, so it is consistent
      between devices.  The number MUST be an integer in the range 0 <=
      sortOrder < 2^31.  A mailbox with a lower order should be
      displayed before a mailbox with a higher order (that has the same
      parent) in any mailbox listing in the client's UI.  Mailboxes with
      equal order SHOULD be sorted in alphabetical order by name.  The
      sorting SHOULD take into account locale-specific character order
      convention.

   o  *totalEmails*: "UnsignedInt" (server-set) The number of emails in
      this mailbox.

   o  *unreadEmails*: "UnsignedInt" (server-set) The number of emails in
      this mailbox that have neither the "$seen" keyword nor the
      "$draft" keyword.

   o  *totalThreads*: "UnsignedInt" (server-set) The number of threads
      where at least one email in the thread is in this mailbox.

   o  *unreadThreads*: "UnsignedInt" (server-set) An indication of the
      number of "unread" threads in the mailbox.  For compatibility with
      existing implementations, the way "unread threads" is determined
      is not mandated in this document.  The simplest solution to
      implement is simply the number of threads where at least one email
      in the thread is both in this mailbox and has neither the "$seen"
      nor "$draft" keywords.  However, a quality implementation will
      return the number of unread items the user would see if they
      opened that mailbox.  A thread is shown as unread if it contains
      any unread messages that will be displayed when the thread is
      opened.  Therefore "unreadThreads" should be the number of threads
      where at least one email in the thread has neither the "$seen" nor

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      the "$draft" keyword AND at least one email in the thread is in
      this mailbox.  Note, the unread email does not need to be the one
      in this mailbox.  In addition, the Trash mailbox (that is a
      mailbox whose "role" is "trash") is treated specially:

      1.  Emails that are *only* in the Trash (and no other mailbox) are
          ignored when calculating the "unreadThreads" count of other
          mailboxes.

      2.  Emails that are *not* in the Trash are ignored when
          calculating the "unreadThreads" count for the Trash mailbox.

      The result of this is that emails in the Trash are treated as
      though they are in a separate thread for the purposes of unread
      counts.  It is expected that clients will hide emails in the Trash
      when viewing a thread in another mailbox and vice versa.  This
      allows you to delete a single email to the Trash out of a thread.
      So for example, suppose you have an account where the entire
      contents is a single thread with 2 emails: an unread email in the
      Trash and a read email in the Inbox.  The "unreadThreads" count
      would be "1" for the Trash and "0" for the Inbox.

   o  *myRights*: "MailboxRights" (server-set) The set of rights (ACLs)
      the user has in relation to this mailbox.  These are backwards
      compatible with IMAP ACLs, as defined in [RFC4314].  A
      _MailboxRights_ object has the following properties:

      *  *mayReadItems*: "Boolean" If true, the user may use this
         mailbox as part of a filter in a _Email/query_ call and the
         mailbox may be included in the _mailboxIds_ set of _Email_
         objects.  Email objects may be fetched if they are in *at least
         one* mailbox with this permission.  If a sub-mailbox is shared
         but not the parent mailbox, this may be "false".  Corresponds
         to IMAP ACLs "lr".

      *  *mayAddItems*: "Boolean" The user may add mail to this mailbox
         (by either creating a new email or moving an existing one).
         Corresponds to IMAP ACL "i".

      *  *mayRemoveItems*: "Boolean" The user may remove mail from this
         mailbox (by either changing the mailboxes of an email or
         deleting it).  Corresponds to IMAP ACLs "te".

      *  *maySetSeen*: "Boolean" The user may add or remove the "$seen"
         keyword to/from an email.  If an email belongs to multiple
         mailboxes, the user may only modify "$seen" if *all* of the
         mailboxes have this permission.  Corresponds to IMAP ACL "s".

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      *  *maySetKeywords*: "Boolean" The user may add or remove any
         keyword _other than_ "$seen" to/from an email.  If an email
         belongs to multiple mailboxes, the user may only modify
         keywords if *all* of the mailboxes have this permission.
         Corresponds to IMAP ACL "w".

      *  *mayCreateChild*: "Boolean" The user may create a mailbox with
         this mailbox as its parent.  Corresponds to IMAP ACL "k".

      *  *mayRename*: "Boolean" The user may rename the mailbox or make
         it a child of another mailbox.  Corresponds to IMAP ACL "x".

      *  *mayDelete*: "Boolean" The user may delete the mailbox itself.
         Corresponds to IMAP ACL "x".

      *  *maySubmit*: "Boolean" Messages may be submitted directly to
         this mailbox.  Corresponds to IMAP ACL "p".

   o  *isSubscribed*: "Boolean" Has the user indicated they wish to see
      this mailbox in their client?  This SHOULD default to "false" for
      mailboxes in shared accounts the user has access to, and "true"
      for any new mailboxes created by the user themself.  This MUST be
      stored separately per-user where multiple users have access to a
      shared mailbox.  A user may have permission to access a large
      number of shared accounts, or a shared account with a very large
      set of mailboxes, but only be interested in the contents of a few
      of these.  Clients may choose only to display mailboxes to the
      user that have the "isSubscribed" property set to "true", and
      offer a separate UI to allow the user to see and subscribe/
      unsubscribe from the full set of mailboxes.  However, clients MAY
      choose to ignore this property, either entirely for ease of
      implementation, or just for the primary account (which is normally
      the user's own, rather than a shared account).  This property
      corresponds to IMAP ([RFC3501]) mailbox subscriptions.

   For IMAP compatibility, an email in both the Trash and another
   mailbox SHOULD be treated by the client as existing in both places
   (i.e. when emptying the trash, the client SHOULD just remove the
   Trash mailbox and leave it in the other mailbox).

   The following JMAP methods are supported:

2.1.  Mailbox/get

   Standard "/get" method.  The _ids_ argument may be "null" to fetch
   all at once.

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2.2.  Mailbox/changes

   Standard "/changes" method, but with one extra argument to the
   response:

   o  *updatedProperties*: "String[]|null" If only the mailbox counts
      (unread/total emails/threads) have changed since the old state,
      this will be the list of properties that may have changed, i.e.
      "["totalEmails", "unreadEmails", "totalThreads",
      "unreadThreads"]".  If the server is unable to tell if only counts
      have changed, it MUST just be "null".

   Since counts frequently change but other properties are generally
   only changed rarely, the server can help the client optimise data
   transfer by keeping track of changes to email/thread counts
   separately to other state changes.  The _updatedProperties_ array may
   be used directly via a back-reference in a subsequent Mailbox/get
   call in the same single request so only these properties are returned
   if nothing else has changed.

2.3.  Mailbox/query

   Standard "/query" method, but with the following additional argument:

   o  *sortAsTree*: "Boolean" (default: false) If "true", when sorting
      the query results and comparing two mailboxes a and b:

      *  If a is an ancestor of b, it always comes first regardless of
         the _sort_ comparators.  Similarly, if a is descendant of b,
         then b always comes first.

      *  Otherwise, if a and b do not share a _parentId_, find the
         nearest ancestors of each that do have the same _parentId_ and
         compare the sort properties on those mailboxes instead.

      The result of this is that the mailboxes are sorted as a tree
      according to the parentId properties, with each set of children
      with a common parent sorted according to the standard sort
      comparators.

   o  *filterAsTree*: "Boolean" (default: false) If "true", a mailbox is
      only included in the query if all its ancestors are also included
      in the query according to the filter.

   A *FilterCondition* object has the following properties, any of which
   may be omitted:

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   o  *parentId*: "Id|null" The Mailbox _parentId_ property must match
      the given value exactly.

   o  *name*: "String" The Mailbox _name_ property contains the given
      string.

   o  *role*: "String|null" The Mailbox _role_ property must match the
      given value exactly.

   o  *hasAnyRole*: "Boolean" If "true", a Mailbox matches if it has any
      non-"null" value for its _role_ property.

   o  *isSubscribed*: "Boolean" The "isSubscribed" property of the
      mailbox must be identical to the value given to match the
      condition.

   A Mailbox object matches the FilterCondition if and only if all of
   the given conditions match.  If zero properties are specified, it is
   automatically "true" for all objects.

   The following properties MUST be supported for sorting:

   o  "sortOrder"

   o  "name"

2.4.  Mailbox/queryChanges

   Standard "/queryChanges" method.

2.5.  Mailbox/set

   Standard "/set" method, but with the following additional argument:

   o  *onDestroyRemoveMessages*: "Boolean" (default: false) If "false",
      any attempt to destroy a mailbox that still has messages in it
      will be rejected with a "mailboxHasEmail" SetError.  If "true",
      any messages that were in the mailbox will be removed from it, and
      if in no other mailboxes will be destroyed when the mailbox is
      destroyed.

   The following extra _SetError_ types are defined:

   For *destroy*:

   o  "mailboxHasChild": The mailbox still has at least one child
      mailbox.  The client MUST remove these before it can delete the
      parent mailbox.

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   o  "mailboxHasEmail": The mailbox has at least one message assigned
      to it and the _onDestroyRemoveMessages_ argument was "false".

2.6.  Example

   Fetching all mailboxes in an account:

                        [[ "Mailbox/get", {
                          "accountId": "u33084183",
                          "ids": null
                        }, "0" ]]

   And response:

                      [[ "Mailbox/get", {
                        "accountId": "u33084183",
                        "state": "78540",
                        "list": [{
                          "id": "MB23cfa8094c0f41e6",
                          "name": "Inbox",
                          "parentId": null,
                          "role": "inbox",
                          "sortOrder": 10,
                          "totalEmails": 16307,
                          "unreadEmails": 13905,
                          "totalThreads": 5833,
                          "unreadThreads": 5128,
                          "myRights": {
                            "mayAddItems": true,
                            "mayRename": false,
                            "maySubmit": true,
                            "mayDelete": false,
                            "maySetKeywords": true,
                            "mayRemoveItems": true,
                            "mayCreateChild": true,
                            "maySetSeen": true,
                            "mayReadItems": true
                          },
                          "isSubscribed": true
                        }, {
                          "id": "MB674cc24095db49ce",
                          "name": "Important mail",
                          ...
                        }, ... ],
                        "notFound": []
                      }, "0" ]]

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   Now suppose a message is marked read and we get a push update that
   the Mailbox state has changed.  You might fetch the updates like
   this:

                     [[ "Mailbox/changes", {
                       "accountId": "u33084183",
                       "sinceState": "78540"
                     }, "0" ],
                     [ "Mailbox/get", {
                       "accountId": "u33084183",
                       "#ids": {
                         "resultOf": "0",
                         "name": "Mailbox/changes",
                         "path": "/created"
                       }
                     }, "1" ],
                     [ "Mailbox/get", {
                       "accountId": "u33084183",
                       "#ids": {
                         "resultOf": "0",
                         "name": "Mailbox/changes",
                         "path": "/updated"
                       },
                       "#properties": {
                         "resultOf": "0",
                         "name": "Mailbox/changes",
                         "path": "/updatedProperties"
                       }
                     }, "2" ]]

   This fetches the list of ids for created/updated/destroyed mailboxes,
   then using back-references fetches the data for just the created/
   updated mailboxes in the same request.  The response may look
   something like this:

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                   [[ "Mailbox/changes", {
                     "accountId": "u33084183",
                     "oldState": "78541",
                     "newState": "78542",
                     "hasMoreChanges": false,
                     "updatedProperties": [
                       "totalEmails", "unreadEmails",
                       "totalThreads", "unreadThreads"
                     ],
                     "created": [],
                     "updated": ["MB23cfa8094c0f41e6"],
                     "destroyed": []
                   }, "0" ],
                   [ "Mailbox/get", {
                     "accountId": "u33084183",
                     "state": "78542",
                     "list": [],
                     "notFound": []
                   }, "1" ],
                   [ "Mailbox/get", {
                     "accountId": "u33084183",
                     "state": "78542",
                     "list": [{
                       "id": "MB23cfa8094c0f41e6",
                       "totalEmails": 16307,
                       "unreadEmails": 13903,
                       "totalThreads": 5833,
                       "unreadThreads": 5127
                     }],
                     "notFound": []
                   }, "2" ]]

   Here's an example where we try to rename one mailbox and destroy
   another:

                   [[ "Mailbox/set", {
                     "accountId": "u33084183",
                     "ifInState": "78542",
                     "update": {
                       "MB674cc24095db49ce": {
                         "name": "Maybe important mail"
                       }
                     },
                     "destroy": [ "MB23cfa8094c0f41e6" ]
                   }, "0" ]]

   Suppose the rename succeeds, but we don't have permission to destroy
   the mailbox we tried to destroy, we might get back:

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                     [[ "Mailbox/set", {
                       "accountId": "u33084183",
                       "oldState": "78542",
                       "newState": "78549",
                       "updated": {
                           "MB674cc24095db49ce": null
                       },
                       "notDestroyed": {
                         "MB23cfa8094c0f41e6": {
                           "type": "forbidden"
                         }
                       }
                     }, "0" ]]

3.  Threads

   Replies are grouped together with the original message to form a
   thread.  In JMAP, a thread is simply a flat list of emails, ordered
   by date.  Every email MUST belong to a thread, even if it is the only
   email in the thread.

   The exact algorithm for determining whether two emails belong to the
   same thread is not mandated in this spec to allow for compatibility
   with different existing systems.  For new implementations, it is
   suggested that two messages belong in the same thread if both of the
   following conditions apply:

   1.  An identical RFC5322 message id appears in both messages in any
       of the Message-Id, In-Reply-To and References headers.

   2.  After stripping automatically added prefixes such as "Fwd:",
       "Re:", "[List-Tag]" etc. and ignoring whitespace, the subjects
       are the same.  This avoids the situation where a person replies
       to an old message as a convenient way of finding the right
       recipient to send to, but changes the subject and starts a new
       conversation.

   If emails are delivered out of order for some reason, a user may
   receive two emails in the same thread but without headers that
   associate them with each other.  The arrival of a third email in the
   thread may provide the missing references to join them all together
   into a single thread.  Since the _threadId_ of an email is immutable,
   if the server wishes to merge the threads, it MUST handle this by
   deleting and reinserting (with a new email id) the emails that change
   threadId.

   A *Thread* object has the following properties:

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   o  *id*: "Id" (immutable; server-set) The id of the thread.

   o  *emailIds*: "Id[]" (server-set) The ids of the emails in the
      thread, sorted by the _receivedAt_ date of the email, oldest
      first.  If two emails have an identical date, the sort is server-
      dependent but MUST be stable (sorting by id is recommended).

   The following JMAP methods are supported:

3.1.  Thread/get

   Standard "/get" method.

3.1.1.  Example

   Request:

                       [[ "Thread/get", {
                         "accountId": "acme",
                         "ids": ["f123u4", "f41u44"]
                       }, "#1" ]]

   with response:

                 [[ "Thread/get", {
                   "accountId": "acme",
                   "state": "f6a7e214",
                   "list": [
                     {
                       "id": "f123u4",
                       "emailIds": [ "eaa623", "f782cbb"]
                     },
                     {
                       "id": "f41u44",
                       "emailIds": [ "82cf7bb" ]
                     }
                   ],
                   "notFound": []
                 }, "#1" ]]

3.2.  Thread/changes

   Standard "/changes" method.

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4.  Emails

   The *Email* object is a representation of an [RFC5322] message, which
   allows clients to avoid the complexities of MIME parsing, transfer
   encoding and character encoding.

4.1.  Properties of the Email object

   Broadly, a message consists of two parts: a list of header fields,
   then a body.  The JMAP Email object provides a way to access the full
   structure, or to use simplified properties and avoid some complexity
   if this is sufficient for the client application.

   While raw headers can be fetched and set, the vast majority of
   clients should use an appropriate parsed form for each of the headers
   it wants to process, as this allows it to avoid the complexities of
   various encodings that are required in a valid RFC5322 message.

   The body of a message is normally a MIME-encoded set of documents in
   a tree structure.  This may be arbitrarily nested, but the majority
   of email clients present a flat model of an email body (normally
   plain text or HTML), with a set of attachments.  Flattening the MIME
   structure to form this model can be difficult, and causes
   inconsistency between clients.  Therefore in addition to the
   _bodyStructure_ property, which gives the full tree, the Email object
   contains 3 alternate properties with flat lists of body parts:

   o  _textBody_/_htmlBody_: These provide a list of parts that should
      be rendered sequentially as the "body" of the message.  This is a
      list rather than a single part as messages may have headers and/or
      footers appended/prepended as separate parts as they are
      transmitted, and some clients send text and images intended to be
      displayed inline in the body (or even videos and sound clips) as
      multiple parts rather than a single HTML part with referenced
      images.

   Because MIME allows for multiple representations of the same data
   (using "multipart/alternative"), there is a textBody property (which
   prefers a plain text representation) and an htmlBody property (which
   prefers an HTML representation) to accommodate the two most common
   client requirements.  The same part may appear in both lists where
   there is no alternative between the two.

   o  _attachments_: This provides a list of parts that should be
      presented as "attachments" to the message.  Some images may be
      solely there for embedding within an HTML body part; clients may
      wish to not present these as attachments in the user interface if
      they are displaying the HTML with the embedded images directly.

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      Some parts may also be in htmlBody/textBody; again, clients may
      wish to not present these as attachments in the user interface if
      rendered as part of the body.

   The _bodyValues_ property allows for clients to fetch the value of
   text parts directly without having to do a second request for the
   blob, and have the server handle decoding the charset into unicode.
   This data is in a separate property rather than on the EmailBodyPart
   object to avoid duplication of large amounts of data, as the same
   part may be included twice if the client fetches more than one of
   bodyStructure, textBody and htmlBody.

   Due to the number of properties involved, the set of _Email_
   properties is specified over the following three sub-sections.

4.1.1.  Metadata

   These properties represent metadata about the [RFC5322] message, and
   are not derived from parsing the message itself.

   o  *id*: "Id" (immutable; server-set) The id of the Email object.
      Note, this is the JMAP object id, NOT the [RFC5322] Message-ID
      header field value.

   o  *blobId*: "Id" (immutable; server-set) The id representing the raw
      octets of the [RFC5322] message.  This may be used to download the
      raw original message, or to attach it directly to another Email
      etc.

   o  *threadId*: "Id" (immutable; server-set) The id of the Thread to
      which this Email belongs.

   o  *mailboxIds*: "Id[Boolean]" The set of Mailbox ids this email
      belongs to.  An email MUST belong to one or more mailboxes at all
      times (until it is deleted).  The set is represented as an object,
      with each key being a _Mailbox id_. The value for each key in the
      object MUST be "true".

   o  *keywords*: "String[Boolean]" (default: {}) A set of keywords that
      apply to the email.  The set is represented as an object, with the
      keys being the _keywords_. The value for each key in the object
      MUST be "true".  Keywords are shared with IMAP.  The six system
      keywords from IMAP are treated specially.  The following four
      keywords have their first character changed from "\" in IMAP to
      "$" in JMAP and have particular semantic meaning:

      *  "$draft": The email is a draft the user is composing.

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      *  "$seen": The email has been read.

      *  "$flagged": The email has been flagged for urgent/special
         attention.

      *  "$answered": The email has been replied to.

      The IMAP "\Recent" keyword is not exposed via JMAP.  The IMAP
      "\Deleted" keyword is also not present: IMAP uses a delete+expunge
      model, which JMAP does not.  Any message with the "\Deleted"
      keyword MUST NOT be visible via JMAP (including as part of any
      mailbox counts).  Users may add arbitrary keywords to an email.
      For compatibility with IMAP, a keyword is a case-insensitive
      string of 1-255 characters in the ASCII subset %x21-%x7e (excludes
      control chars and space), and MUST NOT include any of these
      characters: "( ) { ] % * " \" Because JSON is case-sensitive,
      servers MUST return keywords in lower-case.  The IANA Keyword
      Registry [2] as established in [RFC5788] assigns semantic meaning
      to some other keywords in common use.  New keywords may be
      established here in the future.  In particular, note:

      *  "$forwarded": The email has been forwarded.

      *  "$phishing": The email is highly likely to be phishing.
         Clients SHOULD warn users to take care when viewing this email
         and disable links and attachments.

      *  "$junk": The email is definitely spam.  Clients SHOULD set this
         flag when users report spam to help train automated spam-
         detection systems.

      *  "$notjunk": The email is definitely not spam.  Clients SHOULD
         set this flag when users indicate an email is legitimate, to
         help train automated spam-detection systems.

   o  *size*: "UnsignedInt" (immutable; server-set) The size, in octets,
      of the raw data for the [RFC5322] message (as referenced by the
      _blobId_, i.e. the number of octets in the file the user would
      download).

   o  *receivedAt*: "UTCDate" (immutable; default: time of creation on
      server) The date the email was received by the message store.
      This is the _internal date_ in IMAP ([RFC3501]).

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4.1.2.  Header fields parsed forms

   Header field properties are derived from the [RFC5322] and [RFC6532]
   message header fields.  All header fields may be fetched in a raw
   form.  Some headers may also be fetched in a parsed form.  The
   structured form that may be fetched depends on the header.  The
   following forms are defined:

4.1.2.1.  Raw

   Type: "String"

   The raw octets of the header field value from the first octet
   following the header field name terminating colon, up to but
   excluding the header field terminating CRLF.  Any standards-compliant
   message MUST be either ASCII (RFC5322) or UTF-8 (RFC6532), however
   other encodings exist in the wild.  A server SHOULD replace any octet
   or octet run with the high bit set that violates UTF-8 syntax with
   the unicode replacement character (U+FFFD).  Any NUL octet MUST be
   dropped.

   This form will typically have a leading space, as most generated
   messages insert a space after the colon that terminates the header
   field name.

4.1.2.2.  Text

   Type: "String"

   The header field value with:

   1.  White space unfolded (as defined in [RFC5322] section 2.2.3).

   2.  The terminating CRLF at the end of the value removed.

   3.  Any SP characters at the beginning of the value removed.

   4.  Any syntactically correct [RFC2047] encoded sections with a known
       character set decoded.  Any [RFC2047] encoded NUL octets or
       control characters are dropped from the decoded value.  Any text
       that looks like [RFC2047] syntax but violates [RFC2047] placement
       or whitespace rules MUST NOT be decoded.

   5.  The resulting unicode converted to NFC form.

   If any decodings fail, the parser SHOULD insert a unicode replacement
   character (U+FFFD) and attempt to continue as much as possible.

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   To prevent obviously nonsense behaviour, which can lead to
   interoperability issues, this form may only be fetched or set for the
   following header fields:

   o  Subject

   o  Comments

   o  Keywords

   o  List-Id

   o  Any header not defined in [RFC5322] or [RFC2369]

4.1.2.3.  Addresses

   Type: "EmailAddress[]"

   The header is parsed as an "address-list" value, as specified in
   [RFC5322] section 3.4, into the "EmailAddress[]" type.  There is an
   EmailAddress item for each "mailbox" parsed from the "address-list".
   Group and comment information is discarded.

   The *EmailAddress* object has the following properties:

   o  *name*: "String|null" The _display-name_ of the [RFC5322]
      _mailbox_. If this is a _quoted-string_:

      1.  The surrounding DQUOTE characters are removed.

      2.  Any _quoted-pair_ is decoded.

      3.  White-space is unfolded, and then any leading and trailing
          white-space is removed.

      If there is no _display-name_ but there is a _comment_ immediately
      following the _addr-spec_, the value of this SHOULD be used
      instead.  Otherwise, this property is "null".

   o  *email*: "String" The _addr-spec_ of the [RFC5322] _mailbox_.

   Any syntactically correct [RFC2047] encoded sections with a known
   encoding MUST be decoded, following the same rules as for the _Text_
   form.

   Parsing SHOULD be best-effort in the face of invalid structure to
   accommodate invalid messages and semi-complete drafts.  EmailAddress

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   objects MAY have an _email_ property that does not conform to the
   _addr-spec_ form (for example, may not contain an @ symbol).

   For example, the following "address-list" string:

              "  James Smythe" <james@example.com>, Friends:
                jane@example.com, =?UTF-8?Q?John_Sm=C3=AEth?=
                <john@example.com>;

   would be parsed as:

        [
          { "name": "James Smythe", "email": "james@example.com" },
          { "name": null, "email": "jane@example.com" },
          { "name": "John Smith", "email": "john@example.com" }
        ]

   To prevent obviously nonsense behaviour, which can lead to
   interoperability issues, this form may only be fetched or set for the
   following header fields:

   o  From

   o  Sender

   o  Reply-To

   o  To

   o  Cc

   o  Bcc

   o  Resent-From

   o  Resent-Sender

   o  Resent-Reply-To

   o  Resent-To

   o  Resent-Cc

   o  Resent-Bcc

   o  Any header not defined in [RFC5322] or [RFC2369]

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4.1.2.4.  GroupedAddresses

   Type: "EmailAddressGroup[]"

   This is similar to the Addresses form but preserves group
   information.  The header is parsed as an "address-list" value, as
   specified in [RFC5322] section 3.4, into the "GroupedAddresses[]"
   type.  Consecutive mailboxes that are not part of a group are still
   collected under an EmailAddressGroup object to provide a uniform
   type.

   The *EmailAddressGroup* object has the following properties:

   o  *name*: "String|null" The _display-name_ of the [RFC5322] _group_,
      or "null" if the addresses are not part of a group.  If this is a
      _quoted-string_ it is processed the same as the _name_ in the
      _EmailAddress_ type.

   o  *addresses*: "EmailAddress[]" The _mailbox_es that belong to this
      group, represented as EmailAddress objects.

   Any syntactically correct [RFC2047] encoded sections with a known
   encoding MUST be decoded, following the same rules as for the _Text_
   form.

   Parsing SHOULD be best-effort in the face of invalid structure to
   accommodate invalid messages and semi-complete drafts.

   For example, the following "address-list" string:

              "  James Smythe" <james@example.com>, Friends:
                jane@example.com, =?UTF-8?Q?John_Sm=C3=AEth?=
                <john@example.com>;

   would be parsed as:

       [
         { "name": null, "addresses": [
           { "name": "James Smythe", "email": "james@example.com" }
         ]},
         { "name": "Friends", "addresses": [
           { "name": null, "email": "jane@example.com" },
           { "name": "John Smith", "email": "john@example.com" }
         ]}
       ]

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   To prevent obviously nonsense behaviour, which can lead to
   interoperability issues, this form may only be fetched or set for the
   same header fields as the _Addresses_ form.

4.1.2.5.  MessageIds

   Type: "String[]|null"

   The header is parsed as a list of "msg-id" values, as specified in
   [RFC5322] section 3.6.4, into the "String[]" type.  CFWS and
   surrounding angle brackets ("<>") are removed.  If parsing fails, the
   value is "null".

   To prevent obviously nonsense behaviour, which can lead to
   interoperability issues, this form may only be fetched or set for the
   following header fields:

   o  Message-ID

   o  In-Reply-To

   o  References

   o  Resent-Message-ID

   o  Any header not defined in [RFC5322] or [RFC2369]

4.1.2.6.  Date

   Type: "Date|null"

   The header is parsed as a "date-time" value, as specified in
   [RFC5322] section 3.3, into the "Date" type.  If parsing fails, the
   value is "null".

   To prevent obviously nonsense behaviour, which can lead to
   interoperability issues, this form may only be fetched or set for the
   following header fields:

   o  Date

   o  Resent-Date

   o  Any header not defined in [RFC5322] or [RFC2369]

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4.1.2.7.  URLs

   Type: "String[]|null"

   The header is parsed as a list of URLs, as described in [RFC2369],
   into the "String[]" type.  Values do not include the surrounding
   angle brackets or any comments in the header with the URLs.  If
   parsing fails, the value is "null".

   To prevent obviously nonsense behaviour, which can lead to
   interoperability issues, this form may only be fetched or set for the
   following header fields:

   o  List-Help

   o  List-Unsubscribe

   o  List-Subscribe

   o  List-Post

   o  List-Owner

   o  List-Archive

   o  Any header not defined in [RFC5322] or [RFC2369]

4.1.3.  Header fields properties

   The following low-level *Email* property is specified for complete
   access to the header data of the message:

   o  *headers*: "EmailHeader[]" (immutable) This is a list of all
      [RFC5322] header fields, in the same order they appear in the
      message.  An *EmailHeader* object has the following properties:

      *  *name*: "String" The header _field name_ as defined in
         [RFC5322], with the same capitalization that it has in the
         message.

      *  *value*: "String" The header _field value_ as defined in
         [RFC5322], in _Raw_ form.

   In addition, the client may request/send properties representing
   individual header fields of the form:

                        header:{header-field-name}

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   Where "{header-field-name}" means any series of one or more printable
   ASCII characters (i.e. characters that have values between 33 and
   126, inclusive), except colon.  The property may also have the
   following suffixes:

   o  *:as{header-form}* This means the value is in a parsed form, where
      "{header-form}" is one of the parsed-form names specified above.
      If not given, the value is in _Raw_ form.

   o  *:all* This means the value is an array, with the items
      corresponding to each instance of the header field, in the order
      they appear in the message.  If this suffix is not used, the
      result is the value of the *last* instance of the header field
      (i.e. identical to the *last* item in the array if :all is used),
      or "null" if none.

   If both suffixes are used, they MUST be specified in the order above.
   Header field names are matched case-insensitively.  The value is
   typed according to the requested form, or an array of that type if
   :all is used.  If no header fields exist in the message with the
   requested name, the value is "null" if fetching a single instance, or
   the empty array if requesting :all.

   As a simple example, if the client requests a property called
   "header:subject", this means find the _last_ header field in the
   message named "subject" (matched case-insensitively) and return the
   value in _Raw_ form, or "null" if no header of this name is found.

   For a more complex example, consider the client requesting a property
   called "header:Resent-To:asAddresses:all".  This means:

   1.  Find _all_ header fields named Resent-To (matched case-
       insensitively).

   2.  For each instance parse the header field value in the _Addresses_
       form.

   3.  The result is of type "EmailAddress[][]" - each item in the array
       corresponds to the parsed value (which is itself an array) of the
       Resent-To header field instance.

   The following convenience properties are also specified for the
   *Email* object:

   o  *messageId*: "String[]|null" (immutable) The value is identical to
      the value of _header:Message-ID:asMessageIds_. For messages
      conforming to RFC5322 this will be an array with a single entry.

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   o  *inReplyTo*: "String[]|null" (immutable) The value is identical to
      the value of _header:In-Reply-To:asMessageIds_.

   o  *references*: "String[]|null" (immutable) The value is identical
      to the value of _header:References:asMessageIds_.

   o  *sender*: "EmailAddress[]|null" (immutable) The value is identical
      to the value of _header:Sender:asAddresses_.

   o  *from*: "EmailAddress[]|null" (immutable) The value is identical
      to the value of _header:From:asAddresses_.

   o  *to*: "EmailAddress[]|null" (immutable) The value is identical to
      the value of _header:To:asAddresses_.

   o  *cc*: "EmailAddress[]|null" (immutable) The value is identical to
      the value of _header:Cc:asAddresses_.

   o  *bcc*: "EmailAddress[]|null" (immutable) The value is identical to
      the value of _header:Bcc:asAddresses_.

   o  *replyTo*: "EmailAddress[]|null" (immutable) The value is
      identical to the value of _header:Reply-To:asAddresses_.

   o  *subject*: "String|null" (immutable) The value is identical to the
      value of _header:Subject:asText_.

   o  *sentAt*: "Date|null" (immutable; default on creation: current
      server time) The value is identical to the value of
      _header:Date:asDate_.

4.1.4.  Body parts

   These properties are derived from the [RFC5322] message body and its
   [RFC2045] MIME entities.

   A *EmailBodyPart* object has the following properties:

   o  *partId*: "String|null" Identifies this part uniquely within the
      Email.  This is scoped to the _emailId_ and has no meaning outside
      of the JMAP Email object representation.  This is "null" if, and
      only if, the part is of type "multipart/*".

   o  *blobId*: "Id|null" The id representing the raw octets of the
      contents of the part, after decoding any known _Content-Transfer-
      Encoding_ (as defined in [RFC2045]), or "null" if, and only if,
      the part is of type "multipart/*".  Note, two parts may be
      transfer-encoded differently but have the same blob id if their

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      decoded octets are identical and the server is using a secure hash
      of the data for the blob id.  If the transfer encoding is unknown,
      it is treated as though it had no transfer-encoding.

   o  *size*: "UnsignedInt" The size, in octets, of the raw data after
      content transfer decoding (as referenced by the _blobId_, i.e. the
      number of octets in the file the user would download).

   o  *headers*: "EmailHeader[]" This is a list of all header fields in
      the part, in the order they appear in the message.  The values are
      in _Raw_ form.

   o  *name*: "String|null" This is the [RFC2231] decoded _filename_
      parameter of the _Content-Disposition_ header field, or (for
      compatibility with existing systems) if not present then the
      [RFC2047] decoded _name_ parameter of the _Content-Type_ header
      field.

   o  *type*: "String" The value of the _Content-Type_ header field of
      the part, if present, otherwise the implicit type as per the MIME
      standard ("text/plain", or "message/rfc822" if inside a
      "multipart/digest").  CFWS is removed and any parameters are
      stripped.

   o  *charset*: "String|null" The value of the charset parameter of the
      _Content-Type_ header field, if present, or "null" if the header
      field is present but not of type "text/*".  If there is no
      _Content-Type_ header field, or it exists and is of type "text/*"
      but has no charset parameter, this is the implicit charset as per
      the MIME standard: "us-ascii".

   o  *disposition*: "String|null" The value of the _Content-
      Disposition_ header field of the part, if present, otherwise
      "null".  CFWS is removed and any parameters are stripped.

   o  *cid*: "String|null" The value of the _Content-Id_ header field of
      the part, if present, otherwise "null".  CFWS and surrounding
      angle brackets ("<>") are removed.  This may be used to reference
      the content from within an [HTML] body part using the "cid:"
      protocol, as defined in [RFC2392].

   o  *language*: "String[]|null" The list of language tags, as defined
      in [RFC3282], in the _Content-Language_ header field of the part,
      if present.

   o  *location*: "String|null" The URI, as defined in [RFC2557], in the
      _Content-Location_ header field of the part, if present.

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   o  *subParts*: "EmailBodyPart[]|null" If type is "multipart/*", this
      contains the body parts of each child.

   In addition, the client may request/send EmailBodyPart properties
   representing individual header fields, following the same syntax and
   semantics as for the Email object, e.g. "header:Content-Type".

   The following *Email* properties are specified for access to the body
   data of the message:

   o  *bodyStructure*: "EmailBodyPart" (immutable) This is the full MIME
      structure of the message body, represented as an array of the
      message's top-level MIME parts, without recursing into "message/
      rfc822" or "message/global" parts.  Note that EmailBodyParts may
      have subParts if they are of type "multipart/*".

   o  *bodyValues*: "String[EmailBodyValue]" (immutable) This is a map
      of _partId_ to an *EmailBodyValue* object for none, some or all
      "text/*" parts.  Which parts are included and whether the value is
      truncated is determined by various arguments to _Email/get_ and
      _Email/parse_.  An *EmailBodyValue* object has the following
      properties:

      *  *value*: "String" The value of the body part after decoding
         _Content-Transfer-Encoding_ and decoding the _Content-Type_
         charset, if both known to the server, and with any CRLF
         replaced with a single LF.  The server MAY use heuristics to
         determine the charset to use for decoding if the charset is
         unknown, or if no charset is given, or if it believes the
         charset given is incorrect.  Decoding is best-effort and SHOULD
         insert the unicode replacement character (U+FFFD) and continue
         when a malformed section is encountered.  Note that due to the
         charset decoding and line ending normalisation, the length of
         this string will probably not be exactly the same as the _size_
         property on the corresponding EmailBodyPart.

      *  *isEncodingProblem*: "Boolean" (default: false) This is "true"
         if malformed sections were found while decoding the charset, or
         the charset was unknown, or the content-transfer-encoding was
         unknown.

      *  *isTruncated*: "Boolean" (default: false) This is "true" if the
         _value_ has been truncated.

      See the security considerations section for issues related to
      truncation and heuristic determination of content-type and
      charset.

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   o  *textBody*: "EmailBodyPart[]" (immutable) A list of "text/plain",
      "text/html", "image/*", "audio/*" and/or "video/*" parts to
      display (sequentially) as the message body, with a preference for
      "text/plain" when alternative versions are available.

   o  *htmlBody*: "EmailBodyPart[]" (immutable) A list of "text/plain",
      "text/html", "image/*", "audio/*" and/or "video/*" parts to
      display (sequentially) as the message body, with a preference for
      "text/html" when alternative versions are available.

   o  *attachments*: "EmailBodyPart[]" (immutable) A list of all parts
      in _bodyStructure_, traversing depth-first, which satisfy either
      of the following conditions:

      *  not of type "multipart/*" and not included in _textBody_ or
         _htmlBody_

      *  of type "image/*", "audio/*" or "video/*" and not in both
         _textBody_ and _htmlBody_

      None of these parts include subParts, including "message/*" types.
      Attached messages may be fetched using the Email/parse method and
      the blobId.  Note, an [HTML] body part may reference image parts
      in attachments using "cid:" links to reference the _Content-Id_,
      as defined in [RFC2392], or by referencing the _Content-Location_.

   o  *hasAttachment*: "Boolean" (immutable; server-set) This is "true"
      if there are one or more parts in the message that a client UI
      should offer as downloadable.  A server SHOULD set hasAttachment
      to "true" if the _attachments_ list contains at least one item
      that does not have "Content-Disposition: inline".  The server MAY
      ignore parts in this list that are processed automatically in some
      way, or are referenced as embedded images in one of the "text/
      html" parts of the message.  The server MAY set hasAttachment
      based on implementation-defined or site configurable heuristics.

   o  *preview*: "String" (immutable; server-set) A plain text fragment
      of the message body.  This is intended to be shown as a preview
      line on a mailbox listing, and may be truncated when shown.  The
      server may choose which part of the message to include in the
      preview; skipping quoted sections and salutations and collapsing
      white-space can result in a more useful preview.  This MUST NOT be
      more than 256 characters in length.  As this is derived from the
      message content by the server, and the algorithm for doing so
      could change over time, fetching this for an email a second time
      MAY return a different result.  However, the previous value is not
      considered incorrect, and the change SHOULD NOT cause the Email
      object to be considered as changed by the server.

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   The exact algorithm for decomposing bodyStructure into textBody,
   htmlBody and attachments part lists is not mandated, as this is a
   quality-of-service implementation issue and likely to require
   workarounds for malformed content discovered over time.  However, the
   following algorithm (expressed here in JavaScript) is suggested as a
   starting point, based on real-world experience:

  function isInlineMediaType ( type ) {
    return type.startsWith( 'image/' ) ||
           type.startsWith( 'audio/' ) ||
           type.startsWith( 'video/' );
  }

  function parseStructure ( parts, multipartType, inAlternative,
          htmlBody, textBody, attachments ) {

      // For multipartType == alternative
      let textLength = textBody ? textBody.length : -1;
      let htmlLength = htmlBody ? htmlBody.length : -1;

      for ( let i = 0; i < parts.length; i += 1 ) {
          let part = parts[i];
          let isMultipart = part.type.startsWith( 'multipart/' );
          // Is this a body part rather than an attachment
          let isInline = part.disposition != "attachment" &&
              // Must be one of the allowed body types
              ( part.type == "text/plain" ||
                part.type == "text/html" ||
                isInlineMediaType( part.type ) ) &&
              // If multipart/related, only the first part can be inline
              // If a text part with a filename, and not the first item
              // in the multipart, assume it is an attachment
              ( i === 0 ||
                ( multipartType != "related" &&
                  ( isInlineMediaType( part.type ) || !part.name ) ) );

          if ( isMultipart ) {
              let subMultiType = part.type.split( '/' )[1];
              parseStructure( part.subParts, subMultiType,
                  inAlternative || ( subMultiType == 'alternative' ),
                  htmlBody, textBody, attachments );
          } else if ( isInline ) {
              if ( multipartType == 'alternative' ) {
                  switch ( part.type ) {
                  case 'text/plain':
                      textBody.push( part );
                      break;
                  case 'text/html':

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                      htmlBody.push( part );
                      break;
                  default:
                      attachments.push( part );
                      break;
                  }
                  continue;
              } else if ( inAlternative ) {
                  if ( part.type == 'text/plain' ) {
                      htmlBody = null;
                  }
                  if ( part.type == 'text/html' ) {
                      textBody = null;
                  }
              }
              if ( textBody ) {
                  textBody.push( part );
              }
              if ( htmlBody ) {
                  htmlBody.push( part );
              }
              if ( ( !textBody || !htmlBody ) &&
                      isInlineMediaType( part.type ) ) {
                  attachments.push( part );
              }
          } else {
              attachments.push( part );
          }
      }

      if ( multipartType == 'alternative' && textBody && htmlBody ) {
          // Found HTML part only
          if ( textLength == textBody.length &&
                  htmlLength != htmlBody.length ) {
              for ( let i = htmlLength; i < htmlBody.length; i += 1 ) {
                  textBody.push( htmlBody[i] );
              }
          }
          // Found plain text part only
          if ( htmlLength == htmlBody.length &&
                  textLength != textBody.length ) {
              for ( let i = textLength; i < textBody.length; i += 1 ) {
                  htmlBody.push( textBody[i] );
              }
          }
      }
  }

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  // Usage:
  let htmlBody = [];
  let textBody = [];
  let attachments = [];

  parseStructure( [ bodyStructure ], 'mixed', false,
      htmlBody, textBody, attachments );

   For instance, consider a message with both text and HTML versions
   that's then gone through a list software manager that attaches a
   header/footer.  It might have a MIME structure something like:

            multipart/mixed
              text/plain, content-disposition=inline - A
              multipart/mixed
                multipart/alternative
                  multipart/mixed
                    text/plain, content-disposition=inline - B
                    image/jpeg, content-disposition=inline - C
                    text/plain, content-disposition=inline - D
                  multipart/related
                    text/html - E
                    image/jpeg - F
                image/jpeg, content-disposition=attachment - G
                application/x-excel - H
                message/rfc822 - J
              text/plain, content-disposition=inline - K

   In this case, the above algorithm would decompose this to:

                     textBody => [ A, B, C, D, K ]
                     htmlBody => [ A, E, K ]
                     attachments => [ C, F, G, H, J ]

4.2.  Email/get

   Standard "/get" method, with the following additional arguments:

   o  *bodyProperties*: "String[]" A list of properties to fetch for
      each EmailBodyPart returned.  If omitted, this defaults to:

         [ "partId", "blobId", "size", "name", "type", "charset",
           "disposition", "cid", "language", "location" ]

   o  *fetchTextBodyValues*: "Boolean" (default: false) If "true", the
      _bodyValues_ property includes any "text/*" part in the "textBody"
      property.

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   o  *fetchHTMLBodyValues*: "Boolean" (default: false) If "true", the
      _bodyValues_ property includes any "text/*" part in the "htmlBody"
      property.

   o  *fetchAllBodyValues*: "Boolean" (default: false) If "true", the
      _bodyValues_ property includes any "text/*" part in the
      "bodyStructure" property.

   o  *maxBodyValueBytes*: "UnsignedInt" (default: 0) If greater than
      zero, the _value_ property of any EmailBodyValue object returned
      in _bodyValues_ MUST be truncated if necessary so it does not
      exceed this number of octets in size.  If "0" (the default), no
      truncation occurs.  The server MUST ensure the truncation results
      in valid UTF-8 and does not occur mid-codepoint.  If the part is
      of type "text/html", the server SHOULD NOT truncate inside an HTML
      tag, e.g. in the middle of "<a href="https://example.com">".
      There is no requirement for the truncated form to be a balanced
      tree or valid HTML (indeed, the original source may well be
      neither of these things).

   If the standard _properties_ argument is omitted or "null", the
   following default MUST be used instead of "all" properties:

 [ "id", "blobId", "threadId", "mailboxIds", "keywords", "size",
 "receivedAt", "messageId", "inReplyTo", "references", "sender", "from",
 "to", "cc", "bcc", "replyTo", "subject", "sentAt", "hasAttachment",
 "preview", "bodyValues", "textBody", "htmlBody", "attachments" ]

   The following properties are expected to be fast to fetch in a
   quality implementation:

   o  id

   o  blobId

   o  threadId

   o  mailboxIds

   o  keywords

   o  size

   o  receivedAt

   o  messageId

   o  inReplyTo

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   o  sender

   o  from

   o  to

   o  cc

   o  bcc

   o  replyTo

   o  subject

   o  sentAt

   o  hasAttachment

   o  preview

   Clients SHOULD take care when fetching any other properties, as there
   may be significantly longer latency in fetching and returning the
   data.

   As specified above, parsed forms of headers may only be used on
   appropriate header fields.  Attempting to fetch a form that is
   forbidden (e.g. "header:From:asDate") MUST result in the method call
   being rejected with an "invalidArguments" error.

   Where a specific header is requested as a property, the
   capitalization of the property name in the response MUST be identical
   to that used in the request.

4.2.1.  Example

   Request:

      [[ "Email/get", {
        "ids": [ "f123u456", "f123u457" ],
        "properties": [ "threadId", "mailboxIds", "from", "subject",
          "receivedAt", "header:List-POST:asURLs",
          "htmlBody", "bodyValues" ],
        "bodyProperties": [ "partId", "blobId", "size", "type" ],
        "fetchHTMLBodyValues": true,
        "maxBodyValueBytes": 256
      }, "#1" ]]

   and response:

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   [[ "Email/get", {
     "accountId": "abc",
     "state": "41234123231",
     "list": [
       {
         "id": "f123u457",
         "threadId": "ef1314a",
         "mailboxIds": { "f123": true },
         "from": [{ "name": "Joe Bloggs", "email": "joe@example.com" }],
         "subject": "Dinner on Thursday?",
         "receivedAt": "2013-10-13T14:12:00Z",
         "header:List-POST:asURLs": [
           "mailto:partytime@lists.example.com"
         ],
         "htmlBody": [{
           "partId": "1",
           "blobId": "B841623871",
           "size": 283331,
           "type": "text/html"
         }, {
           "partId": "2",
           "blobId": "B319437193",
           "size": 10343,
           "type": "text/plain"
         }],
         "bodyValues": {
           "1": {
             "isEncodingProblem": false,
             "isTruncated": true,
             "value": "<html><body><p>Hello ..."
           },
           "2": {
             "isEncodingProblem": false,
             "isTruncated": false,
             "value": "-- Sent by your friendly mailing list ..."
           }
         }
       }
     ],
     "notFound": [ "f123u456" ]
   }, "#1" ]]

4.3.  Email/changes

   Standard "/changes" method.  If generating intermediate states for a
   large set of changes, it is recommended that newer changes are
   returned first, as these are generally of more interest to users.

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4.4.  Email/query

   Standard "/query" method, but with the following additional
   arguments:

   o  *collapseThreads*: "Boolean" (default: false) If "true", emails in
      the same thread as a previous email in the list (given the filter
      and sort order) will be removed from the list.  This means only
      one email at most will be included in the list for any given
      thread.

   In quality implementations, the query "total" property is expected to
   be fast to calculate when the filter consists solely of a single
   "inMailbox" property, as it is the same as the totalEmails or
   totalThreads properties (depending on whether collapseThreads is
   true) of the associated Mailbox object.

4.4.1.  Filtering

   A *FilterCondition* object has the following properties, any of which
   may be omitted:

   o  *inMailbox*: "Id" A mailbox id.  An email must be in this mailbox
      to match the condition.

   o  *inMailboxOtherThan*: "Id[]" A list of mailbox ids.  An email must
      be in at least one mailbox not in this list to match the
      condition.  This is to allow messages solely in trash/spam to be
      easily excluded from a search.

   o  *before*: "UTCDate" The _receivedAt_ date-time of the email must
      be before this date-time to match the condition.

   o  *after*: "UTCDate" The _receivedAt_ date-time of the email must be
      the same or after this date-time to match the condition.

   o  *minSize*: "UnsignedInt" The _size_ of the email in octets must be
      equal to or greater than this number to match the condition.

   o  *maxSize*: "UnsignedInt" The _size_ of the email in octets must be
      less than this number to match the condition.

   o  *allInThreadHaveKeyword*: "String" All emails (including this one)
      in the same thread as this email must have the given keyword to
      match the condition.

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   o  *someInThreadHaveKeyword*: "String" At least one email (possibly
      this one) in the same thread as this email must have the given
      keyword to match the condition.

   o  *noneInThreadHaveKeyword*: "String" All emails (including this
      one) in the same thread as this email must *not* have the given
      keyword to match the condition.

   o  *hasKeyword*: "String" This email must have the given keyword to
      match the condition.

   o  *notKeyword*: "String" This email must not have the given keyword
      to match the condition.

   o  *hasAttachment*: "Boolean" The "hasAttachment" property of the
      email must be identical to the value given to match the condition.

   o  *text*: "String" Looks for the text in emails.  The server SHOULD
      look up text in the _from_, _to_, _cc_, _bcc_, _subject_ header
      fields of the message, and inside any "text/*" or other body parts
      that may be converted to text by the server.  The server MAY
      extend the search to any additional textual property.

   o  *from*: "String" Looks for the text in the _From_ header field of
      the message.

   o  *to*: "String" Looks for the text in the _To_ header field of the
      message.

   o  *cc*: "String" Looks for the text in the _Cc_ header field of the
      message.

   o  *bcc*: "String" Looks for the text in the _Bcc_ header field of
      the message.

   o  *subject*: "String" Looks for the text in the _subject_ property
      of the email.

   o  *body*: "String" Looks for the text in one of the body parts of
      the email.  The server MAY exclude MIME body parts with content
      media types other than "text/_" and "message/_" from consideration
      in search matching.  Care should be taken to match based on the
      text content actually presented to an end-user by viewers for that
      media type, or otherwise identified as appropriate for search
      indexing.  Matching document metadata uninteresting to an end-user
      (e.g., markup tag and attribute names) is undesirable.

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   o  *header*: "String[]" The array MUST contain either one or two
      elements.  The first element is the name of the header field to
      match against.  The second (optional) element is the text to look
      for in the header field value.  If not supplied, the message
      matches simply if it _has_ a header field of the given name.

   If zero properties are specified on the FilterCondition, the
   condition MUST always evaluate to "true".  If multiple properties are
   specified, ALL must apply for the condition to be "true" (it is
   equivalent to splitting the object into one-property conditions and
   making them all the child of an AND filter operator).

   The exact semantics for matching "String" fields is *deliberately not
   defined* to allow for flexibility in indexing implementation, subject
   to the following:

   o  Any syntactically correct [RFC2047] encoded sections of header
      fields with a known encoding SHOULD be decoded before attempting
      to match text.

   o  When searching inside a "text/html" body part, any text considered
      markup rather than content SHOULD be ignored, including HTML tags
      and most attributes, anything inside the "<head>" tag, CSS and
      JavaScript.  Attribute content intended for presentation to the
      user such as "alt" and "title" SHOULD be considered in the search.

   o  Text SHOULD be matched in a case-insensitive manner.

   o  Text contained in either (but matched) single or double quotes
      SHOULD be treated as a *phrase search*, that is a match is
      required for that exact word or sequence of words, excluding the
      surrounding quotation marks.  Use "\"", "\'" and "\\" to match a
      literal """, "'" and "\" respectively in a phrase.

   o  Outside of a phrase, white-space SHOULD be treated as dividing
      separate tokens that may be searched for separately, but MUST all
      be present for the email to match the filter.

   o  Tokens MAY be matched on a whole-word basis using stemming (so for
      example a text search for "bus" would match "buses" but not
      "business").

4.4.2.  Sorting

   The following properties MUST be supported for sorting:

   o  *receivedAt* - The _receivedAt_ date as returned in the Email
      object.

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   The following properties SHOULD be supported for sorting:

   o  *size* - The _size_ as returned in the Email object.

   o  *from* - This is taken to be either the "name" part, or if
      "null"/empty then the "email" part, of the *first* EmailAddress
      object in the _from_ property.  If still none, consider the value
      to be the empty string.

   o  *to* - This is taken to be either the "name" part, or if
      "null"/empty then the "email" part, of the *first* EmailAddress
      object in the _to_ property.  If still none, consider the value to
      be the empty string.

   o  *subject* - This is taken to be the base subject of the email, as
      defined in section 2.1 of [RFC5256].

   o  *sentAt* - The _sentAt_ property on the Email object.

   o  *hasKeyword* - This value MUST be considered "true" if the email
      has the keyword given as an additional _keyword_ property on the
      _Comparator_ object, or "false" otherwise.

   o  *allInThreadHaveKeyword* - This value MUST be considered "true"
      for the email if *all* of the emails in the same thread
      (regardless of mailbox) have the keyword given as an additional
      _keyword_ property on the _Comparator_ object.

   o  *someInThreadHaveKeyword* - This value MUST be considered "true"
      for the email if *any* of the emails in the same thread
      (regardless of mailbox) have the keyword given as an additional
      _keyword_ property on the _Comparator_ object.

   The server MAY support sorting based on other properties as well.  A
   client can discover which properties are supported by inspecting the
   server's _capabilities_ object (see section 1.3).

   Example sort:

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                 [{
                   "property": "someInThreadHaveKeyword",
                   "keyword": "$flagged",
                   "isAscending": false
                 }, {
                   "property": "subject",
                   "collation": "i;ascii-casemap"
                 }, {
                   "property": "receivedAt",
                   "isAscending": false
                 }]

   This would sort emails in flagged threads first (the thread is
   considered flagged if any email within it is flagged), and then in
   subject order, then newest first for messages with the same subject.
   If two emails have both identical flagged status, subject and date,
   the order is server-dependent but must be stable.

4.4.3.  Thread collapsing

   When _collapseThreads_ is "true", then after filtering and sorting
   the email list, the list is further winnowed by removing any emails
   for a thread id that has already been seen (when passing through the
   list sequentially).  A thread will therefore only appear *once* in
   the result, at the position of the first email in the list that
   belongs to the thread (given the current sort/filter).

4.5.  Email/queryChanges

   Standard "/queryChanges" method, with the following additional
   arguments:

   o  *collapseThreads*: "Boolean" (default: false) The
      _collapseThreads_ argument that was used with _Email/query_.

4.6.  Email/set

   Standard "/set" method.  The _Email/set_ method encompasses:

   o  Creating a draft

   o  Changing the keywords of an email (e.g. unread/flagged status)

   o  Adding/removing an email to/from mailboxes (moving a message)

   o  Deleting emails

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   The format of the keywords/mailboxIds properties means that when
   updating an email you can either replace the entire set of keywords/
   mailboxes (by setting the full value of the property) or add/remove
   individual ones using the JMAP patch syntax (see
   [I-D.ietf-jmap-core], section 5.3 for the specification and section
   5.7 for an example).

   Due to the format of the Email object, when creating an email there
   are a number of ways to specify the same information.  To ensure that
   the RFC5322 email to create is unambiguous, the following constraints
   apply to Email objects submitted for creation:

   o  The _headers_ property MUST NOT be given, on either the top-level
      email or an EmailBodyPart - the client must set each header field
      as an individual property.

   o  There MUST NOT be two properties that represent the same header
      field (e.g. "header:from" and "from") within the Email or
      particular EmailBodyPart.

   o  Header fields MUST NOT be specified in parsed forms that are
      forbidden for that particular field.

   o  Header fields beginning "Content-" MUST NOT be specified on the
      Email object, only on EmailBodyPart objects.

   o  If a bodyStructure property is given, there MUST NOT be textBody,
      htmlBody or attachments properties.

   o  If given, the bodyStructure EmailBodyPart MUST NOT contain a
      property representing a header field that is already defined on
      the top-level Email object.

   o  If given, textBody MUST contain exactly one body part, of type
      "text/plain".

   o  If given, htmlBody MUST contain exactly one body part, of type
      "text/html".

   o  Within an EmailBodyPart:

      *  The client may specify a partId OR a blobId but not both.  If a
         partId is given, this partId MUST be present in the bodyValues
         property.

      *  The charset property MUST be omitted if a partId is given (the
         part's content is included in bodyValues and the server may
         choose any appropriate encoding).

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      *  The size property MUST be omitted if a partId is given.  If a
         blobId is given, it may be included but is ignored by the
         server (the size is actually calculated from the blob content
         itself).

      *  A "Content-Transfer-Encoding" header field MUST NOT be given.

   o  Within an EmailBodyValue object, isEncodingProblem and isTruncated
      MUST be either "false" or omitted.

   Creation attempts that violate any of this SHOULD be rejected with an
   "invalidProperties" error, however a server MAY choose to modify the
   Email (e.g. choose between conflicting headers, use a different
   content-encoding etc.) to comply with its requirements instead.

   The server MAY also choose to set additional headers.  If not
   included, the server MUST generate and set a "Message-ID" header
   field in conformance with [RFC5322] section 3.6.4, and a "Date"
   header field in conformance with section 3.6.1.

   The final RFC5322 email generated may be invalid.  For example, if it
   is a half-finished draft, the "To" field may have a value that does
   not conform to the required syntax for this header field.  The
   message will be checked for strict conformance when submitted for
   sending (see the EmailSubmission object description).

   Destroying an email removes it from all mailboxes to which it
   belonged.  To just delete an email to trash, simply change the
   "mailboxIds" property so it is now in the mailbox with "role ==
   "trash"", and remove all other mailbox ids.

   When emptying the trash, clients SHOULD NOT destroy emails which are
   also in a mailbox other than trash.  For those emails, they SHOULD
   just remove the Trash mailbox from the email.

   For successfully created Email objects, the _created_ response
   contains the _id_, _blobId_, _threadId_ and _size_ properties of the
   object.

   The following extra _SetError_ types are defined:

   For *create*:

   o  "blobNotFound": At least one blob id given for an EmailBodyPart
      doesn't exist.  An extra _notFound_ property of type "Id[]" MUST
      be included in the error object containing every _blobId_
      referenced by an EmailBodyPart that could not be found on the
      server.

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   For *create* and *update*:

   o  "tooManyKeywords": The change to the email's keywords would exceed
      a server-defined maximum.

   o  "tooManyMailboxes": The change to the email's mailboxes would
      exceed a server-defined maximum.

4.7.  Email/copy

   Standard "/copy" method, except only the _mailboxIds_, _keywords_ and
   _receivedAt_ properties may be set during the copy.  This method
   cannot modify the RFC5322 representation of an email.

   The server MAY forbid two email objects with the same exact [RFC5322]
   content, or even just with the same [RFC5322] Message-ID, to coexist
   within an account; if the target account already has the email the
   copy will be rejected with a standard "alreadyExists" error.

   For successfully copied Email objects, the _created_ response
   contains the _id_, _blobId_, _threadId_ and _size_ properties of the
   new object.

4.8.  Email/import

   The _Email/import_ method adds [RFC5322] messages to the set of
   emails in an account.  The server MUST support messages with
   [RFC6532] EAI headers.  The messages must first be uploaded as blobs
   using the standard upload mechanism.  It takes the following
   arguments:

   o  *accountId*: "Id" The id of the account to use.

   o  *ifInState*: "String|null" This is a state string as returned by
      the _Email/get_ method.  If supplied, the string must match the
      current state of the account referenced by the accountId,
      otherwise the method will be aborted and a "stateMismatch" error
      returned.  If "null", any changes will be applied to the current
      state.

   o  *emails*: "Id[EmailImport]" A map of creation id (client
      specified) to EmailImport objects

   An *EmailImport* object has the following properties:

   o  *blobId*: "Id" The id of the blob containing the raw [RFC5322]
      message.

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   o  *mailboxIds*: "Id[Boolean]" The ids of the mailboxes to assign
      this email to.  At least one mailbox MUST be given.

   o  *keywords*: "String[Boolean]" (default: {}) The keywords to apply
      to the email.

   o  *receivedAt*: "UTCDate" (default: time of most recent Received
      header, or time of import on server if none) The _receivedAt_ date
      to set on the email.

   Each email to import is considered an atomic unit which may succeed
   or fail individually.  Importing successfully creates a new email
   object from the data referenced by the blobId and applies the given
   mailboxes, keywords and receivedAt date.

   The server MAY forbid two email objects with the same exact [RFC5322]
   content, or even just with the same [RFC5322] Message-ID, to coexist
   within an account.  In this case, it MUST reject attempts to import
   an email considered a duplicate with an "alreadyExists" SetError.  An
   _existingId_ property of type "Id" MUST be included on the error
   object with the id of the existing email.  If duplicates are allowed,
   the newly created Email object MUST have a separate id and
   independent mutable properties to the existing object.

   If the _blobId_, _mailboxIds_, or _keywords_ properties are invalid
   (e.g. missing, wrong type, id not found), the server MUST reject the
   import with an "invalidProperties" SetError.

   If the email cannot be imported because it would take the account
   over quota, the import should be rejected with an "overQuota"
   SetError.

   If the blob referenced is not a valid [RFC5322] message, the server
   MAY modify the message to fix errors (such as removing NUL octets or
   fixing invalid headers).  If it does this, the _blobId_ on the
   response MUST represent the new representation and therefore be
   different to the _blobId_ on the EmailImport object.  Alternatively,
   the server MAY reject the import with an "invalidEmail" SetError.

   The response has the following arguments:

   o  *accountId*: "Id" The id of the account used for this call.

   o  *oldState*: "String|null" The state string that would have been
      returned by _Email/get_ on this account before making the
      requested changes, or "null" if the server doesn't know what the
      previous state string was.

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   o  *newState*: "String" The state string that will now be returned by
      _Email/get_ on this account.

   o  *created*: "Id[Email]|null" A map of the creation id to an object
      containing the _id_, _blobId_, _threadId_ and _size_ properties
      for each successfully imported Email, or "null" if none.

   o  *notCreated*: "Id[SetError]|null" A map of creation id to a
      SetError object for each Email that failed to be created, or
      "null" if all successful.  The possible errors are defined above.

   The following additional errors may be returned instead of the
   _Email/import_ response:

   "stateMismatch": An "ifInState" argument was supplied and it does not
   match the current state.

4.9.  Email/parse

   This method allows you to parse blobs as [RFC5322] messages to get
   Email objects.  The server MUST support messages with [RFC6532] EAI
   headers.  This can be used to parse and display attached emails
   without having to import them as top-level email objects in the mail
   store in their own right.

   The following metadata properties on the Email objects will be "null"
   if requested:

   o  id

   o  mailboxIds

   o  keywords

   o  receivedAt

   The _threadId_ property of the Email MAY be present if the server can
   calculate which thread the Email would be assigned to were it to be
   imported.  Otherwise, this too is "null" if fetched.

   The _Email/parse_ method takes the following arguments:

   o  *accountId*: "Id" The id of the account to use.

   o  *blobIds*: "Id[]" The ids of the blobs to parse.

   o  *properties*: "String[]" If supplied, only the properties listed
      in the array are returned for each Email object.  If omitted,

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      defaults to: [ "messageId", "inReplyTo", "references", "sender",
      "from", "to", "cc", "bcc", "replyTo", "subject", "sentAt",
      "hasAttachment", "preview", "bodyValues", "textBody", "htmlBody",
      "attachments" ]

   o  *bodyProperties*: "String[]" A list of properties to fetch for
      each EmailBodyPart returned.  If omitted, defaults to the same
      value as the Email/get "bodyProperties" default argument.

   o  *fetchTextBodyValues*: "Boolean" (default: false) If "true", the
      _bodyValues_ property includes any "text/*" part in the "textBody"
      property.

   o  *fetchHTMLBodyValues*: "Boolean" (default: false) If "true", the
      _bodyValues_ property includes any "text/*" part in the "htmlBody"
      property.

   o  *fetchAllBodyValues*: "Boolean" (default: false) If "true", the
      _bodyValues_ property includes any "text/*" part in the
      "bodyStructure" property.

   o  *maxBodyValueBytes*: "UnsignedInt" (default: 0) If greater than
      zero, the _value_ property of any EmailBodyValue object returned
      in _bodyValues_ MUST be truncated if necessary so it does not
      exceed this number of octets in size.  If "0" (the default), no
      truncation occurs.  The server MUST ensure the truncation results
      in valid UTF-8 and does not occur mid-codepoint.  If the part is
      of type "text/html", the server SHOULD NOT truncate inside an HTML
      tag, e.g. in the middle of "<a href="https://example.com">".
      There is no requirement for the truncated form to be a balanced
      tree or valid HTML (indeed, the original source may well be
      neither of these things).

   The response has the following arguments:

   o  *accountId*: "Id" The id of the account used for the call.

   o  *parsed*: "Id[Email]|null" A map of blob id to parsed Email
      representation for each successfully parsed blob, or "null" if
      none.

   o  *notParsable*: "Id[]|null" A list of ids given that corresponded
      to blobs that could not be parsed as emails, or "null" if none.

   o  *notFound*: "Id[]|null" A list of blob ids given that could not be
      found, or "null" if none.

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   As specified above, parsed forms of headers may only be used on
   appropriate header fields.  Attempting to fetch a form that is
   forbidden (e.g. "header:From:asDate") MUST result in the method call
   being rejected with an "invalidArguments" error.

   Where a specific header is requested as a property, the
   capitalization of the property name in the response MUST be identical
   to that used in the request.

4.10.  Examples

   A client logs in for the first time.  It first fetches the set of
   mailboxes.  Now it will display the inbox to the user, which we will
   presume has mailbox id "fb666a55".  The inbox may be (very!) large,
   but the user's screen is only so big, so the client will just load
   the start and then can load in more as necessary.  The client sends
   this request:

                      [[ "Email/query",{
                        "accountId": "ue150411c",
                        "filter": {
                          "inMailbox": "fb666a55"
                        },
                        "sort": [{
                          "isAscending": false,
                          "property": "receivedAt"
                        }],
                        "collapseThreads": true,
                        "position": 0,
                        "limit": 30,
                        "calculateTotal": true
                      }, "0" ],
                      [ "Email/get", {
                        "accountId": "ue150411c",
                        "#ids": {
                          "resultOf": "0",
                          "name": "Email/query",
                          "path": "/ids"
                        },
                        "properties": [
                          "threadId"
                        ]
                      }, "1" ],
                      [ "Thread/get", {
                        "accountId": "ue150411c",
                        "#ids": {
                          "resultOf": "1",
                          "name": "Email/get",

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                          "path": "/list/*/threadId"
                        }
                      }, "2" ],
                      [ "Email/get", {
                        "accountId": "ue150411c",
                        "#ids": {
                          "resultOf": "2",
                          "name": "Thread/get",
                          "path": "/list/*/emailIds"
                        },
                        "properties": [
                          "threadId",
                          "mailboxIds",
                          "keywords",
                          "hasAttachment",
                          "from",
                          "subject",
                          "receivedAt",
                          "size",
                          "preview"
                        ]
                      }, "3" ]]

   Let's break down the 4 method calls to see what they're doing:

   "0": This asks the server for the ids of the first 30 Email objects
   in the inbox, sorted newest first, ignoring messages from the same
   thread as a newer message in the mailbox (i.e. it is the first 30
   unique threads).

   "1": Now we use a back-reference to fetch the thread ids for each of
   these email ids.

   "2": Another back-reference fetches the Thread object for each of
   these thread ids.

   "3": Finally, we fetch the information we need to display the mailbox
   listing (but no more!) for every message in each of these 30 threads.
   The client may aggregate this data for display, for example showing
   the thread as "flagged" if any of the messages in it contain the
   "$flagged" keyword.

   The response from the server may look something like this:

    [[ "Email/query", {
      "accountId": "ue150411c",
      "queryState": "09aa9a075588-780599:0",
      "canCalculateChanges": true,

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      "position": 0,
      "total": 115,
      "ids": [ "Ma783e5cdf5f2deffbc97930a",
        "M9bd17497e2a99cb345fc1d0a", ... ]
    }, "0" ],
    [ "Email/get", {
      "accountId": "ue150411c",
      "state": "780599",
      "list": [{
        "id": "Ma783e5cdf5f2deffbc97930a",
        "threadId": "T36703c2cfe9bd5ed"
      }, {
        "id": "M9bd17497e2a99cb345fc1d0a",
        "threadId": "T0a22ad76e9c097a1"
      }, ... ],
      "notFound": []
    }, "1" ],
    [ "Thread/get", {
      "accountId": "ue150411c",
      "state": "22a8728b",
      "list": [{
        "id": "T36703c2cfe9bd5ed",
        "emailIds": [ "Ma783e5cdf5f2deffbc97930a" ]
      }, {
        "id": "T0a22ad76e9c097a1",
        "emailIds": [ "M3b568670a63e5d100f518fa5",
          "M9bd17497e2a99cb345fc1d0a" ]
      },  ... ],
      "notFound": []
    }, "2" ],
    [ "Email/get", {
      "accountId": "ue150411c",
      "state": "780599",
      "list": [{
        "id": "Ma783e5cdf5f2deffbc97930a",
        "threadId": "T36703c2cfe9bd5ed",
        "mailboxIds": {
          "fb666a55": true
        },
        "keywords": {
          "$seen": true,
          "$flagged": true
        },
        "hasAttachment": true,
        "from": [{
          "email": "jdoe@example.com",
          "name": "Jane Doe"
        }],

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        "subject": "The Big Reveal",
        "receivedAt": "2018-06-27T00:20:35Z",
        "size": 175047,
        "preview": "As you may be aware, we are required to prepare a
          presentation where we wow a panel of 5 random members of the
          public, on or before 30 June each year. We have drafted ..."
      },
      ...
      ],
      "notFound": []
    }, "3" ]]

   Now, on another device the user marks the first message as unread,
   sending this API request:

                    [[ "Email/set", {
                      "accountId": "ue150411c",
                      "update": {
                        "Ma783e5cdf5f2deffbc97930a": {
                          "keywords/$seen": null
                        }
                      }
                    }, "0" ]]

   The server applies this and sends the success response:

                   [[ "Email/set", {
                     "accountId": "ue150411c",
                     "oldState": "780605",
                     "newState": "780606",
                     "updated": {
                       "Ma783e5cdf5f2deffbc97930a": null
                     },
                     ...
                   }, "0" ]]

   The user also deletes a few messages, and then a new message arrives.

   Back on our original machine, we receive a push update that the state
   string for Email is now "780800".  As this does not match the
   client's current state, it issues a request for the changes:

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               [[ "Email/changes", {
                 "accountId": "ue150411c",
                 "sinceState": "780605",
                 "maxChanges": 50
               }, "3" ],
               [ "Email/queryChanges", {
                 "accountId": "ue150411c",
                 "filter": {
                   "inMailbox": "fb666a55"
                 },
                 "sort": [{
                   "property": "receivedAt",
                   "isAscending": false
                 }],
                 "collapseThreads": true,
                 "sinceQueryState": "09aa9a075588-780599:0",
                 "upToId": "Mc2781d5e856a908d8a35a564",
                 "maxChanges": 25,
                 "calculateTotal": true
               }, "11" ]]

   The response:

            [[ "Email/changes", {
              "accountId": "ue150411c",
              "oldState": "780605",
              "newState": "780800",
              "hasMoreChanges": false,
              "created": [ "Me8de6c9f6de198239b982ea2" ],
              "updated": [ "Ma783e5cdf5f2deffbc97930a" ],
              "destroyed": [ "M9bd17497e2a99cb345fc1d0a", ... ]
            }, "3" ],
            [ "Email/queryChanges", {
              "accountId": "ue150411c",
              "oldQueryState": "09aa9a075588-780599:0",
              "newQueryState": "e35e9facf117-780615:0",
              "added": [{
                "id": "Me8de6c9f6de198239b982ea2",
                "index": 0
              }],
              "removed": [ "M9bd17497e2a99cb345fc1d0a" ],
              "total": 115
            }, "11" ]]

   The client can update its local cache of the query results by
   removing "M9bd17497e2a99cb345fc1d0a" and then splicing in
   "Me8de6c9f6de198239b982ea2" at position 0.  As it does not have the

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   data for this new email, it will then fetch it (it also could have
   done this in the same request using back-references).

   It knows something has changed about "Ma783e5cdf5f2deffbc97930a", so
   it will refetch the mailboxes and keywords (the only mutable
   properties) for this email too.

   The user composes a new message and saves a draft.  The client sends:

 [[ "Email/set", {
   "accountId": "ue150411c",
   "create": {
     "k1546": {
       "mailboxIds": {
         "2ea1ca41b38e": true
       },
       "keywords": {
         "$seen": true,
         "$draft": true
       },
       "from": [{
         "name": "Joe Bloggs",
         "email": "joe@example.com"
       }],
       "to": [{
         "name": "John",
         "email": "john@example.com"
       }],
       "subject": "World domination",
       "receivedAt": "2018-07-10T01:05:08Z",
       "sentAt": "2018-07-10T11:05:08+10:00",
       "bodyStructure": {
         "type": "multipart/alternative",
         "subParts": [{
           "partId": "a49d",
           "type": "text/html"
         }, {
           "partId": "bd48",
           "type": "text/plain"
         }]
       },
       "bodyValues": {
         "bd48": {
           "value": "I have the most brilliant plan. Let me tell you
             all about it. What we do is, we",
           "isTruncated": false
         },
         "49db": {

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           "value": "<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><title></title>
             <style type=\"text/css\">div{font-size:16px}</style></head>
             <body><div>I have the most brilliant plan. Let me tell you
             all about it. What we do is, we</div></body></html>",
           "isTruncated": false
         }
       }
     }
   }
 }, "0" ]]

   The server creates the message and sends the success response:

       [[ "Email/set", {
         "accountId": "ue150411c",
         "oldState": "780823",
         "newState": "780839",
         "created": {
           "k1546": {
             "id": "Md45b47b4877521042cec0938",
             "blobId": "Ge8de6c9f6de198239b982ea214e0f3a704e4af74",
             "threadId": "Td957e72e89f516dc",
             "size": 11721
           }
         },
         ...
       }, "0" ]]

   The client moves this draft to a different account.  The only way to
   do this is via the "/copy" method.  It MUST set a new mailboxIds
   property, since the current value will not be valid mailbox ids in
   the destination account:

                 [[ "Email/copy", {
                   "fromAccountId": "ue150411c",
                   "accountId": "u6c6c41ac",
                   "create": {
                     "k45": {
                       "id": "Md45b47b4877521042cec0938",
                       "mailboxIds": {
                         "75a4c956": true
                       }
                     }
                   },
                   "onSuccessDestroyOriginal": true
                 }, "0" ]]

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   The server successfully copies the email and deletes the original.
   Due to the implicit call to "Email/set", there are two responses to
   the single method call, both with the same method call id:

       [[ "Email/copy", {
         "fromAccountId": "ue150411c",
         "accountId": "u6c6c41ac",
         "oldState": "7ee7e9263a6d",
         "newState": "5a0d2447ed26",
         "created": {
           "k45": {
             "id": "M138f9954a5cd2423daeafa55",
             "blobId": "G6b9fb047cba722c48c611e79233d057c6b0b74e8",
             "threadId": "T2f242ea424a4079a",
             "size": 11721
           }
         },
         "notCreated": null
       }, "0" ],
       [ "Email/set", {
         "accountId": "ue150411c",
         "oldState": "780839",
         "newState": "780871",
         "destroyed": [ "Md45b47b4877521042cec0938" ],
         ...
       }, "0" ]]

5.  Search snippets

   When doing a search on a "String" property, the client may wish to
   show the relevant section of the body that matches the search as a
   preview instead of the beginning of the message, and to highlight any
   matching terms in both this and the subject of the email.  Search
   snippets represent this data.

   A *SearchSnippet* object has the following properties:

   o  *emailId*: "Id" The email id the snippet applies to.

   o  *subject*: "String|null" If text from the filter matches the
      subject, this is the subject of the email with the following
      transformations:

      1.  Any instance of the following three characters MUST be
          replaced by an appropriate [HTML] entity: & (ampersand), <
          (less-than sign), and > (greater-than sign).  Other characters
          MAY also be replaced with an HTML entity form.

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      2.  The matching words/phrases from the filter are wrapped in HTML
          "<mark></mark>" tags.

      If the subject does not match text from the filter, this property
      is "null".

   o  *preview*: "String|null" If text from the filter matches the
      plain-text or HTML body, this is the relevant section of the body
      (converted to plain text if originally HTML), with the same
      transformations as the _subject_ property.  It MUST NOT be bigger
      than 255 octets in size.  If the body does not contain a match for
      the text from the filter, this property is "null".

   It is server-defined what is a relevant section of the body for
   preview.  If the server is unable to determine search snippets, it
   MUST return "null" for both the _subject_ and _preview_ properties.

   Note, unlike most data types, a SearchSnippet DOES NOT have a
   property called "id".

   The following JMAP method is supported:

5.1.  SearchSnippet/get

   To fetch search snippets, make a call to "SearchSnippet/get".  It
   takes the following arguments:

   o  *accountId*: "Id" The id of the account to use.

   o  *filter*: "FilterOperator|FilterCondition|null" The same filter as
      passed to Email/query; see the description of this method in
      section 4.4 for details.

   o  *emailIds*: "Id[]" The ids of the emails to fetch snippets for.

   The response has the following arguments:

   o  *accountId*: "Id" The id of the account used for the call.

   o  *list*: "SearchSnippet[]" An array of SearchSnippet objects for
      the requested email ids.  This may not be in the same order as the
      ids that were in the request.

   o  *notFound*: "Id[]|null" An array of email ids requested which
      could not be found, or "null" if all ids were found.

   As the search snippets are derived from the message content and the
   algorithm for doing so could change over time, fetching the same

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   snippets a second time MAY return a different result.  However, the
   previous value is not considered incorrect, so there is no state
   string or update mechanism needed.

   The following standard errors may be returned instead of the
   _searchSnippets_ response:

   "requestTooLarge": The number of _emailIds_ requested by the client
   exceeds the maximum number the server is willing to process in a
   single method call.

   "unsupportedFilter": The server is unable to process the given
   _filter_ for any reason.

5.2.  Example

   Here we did an Email/query to search for any email in the account
   containing the word "foo", now we are fetching the search snippets
   for some of the ids that were returned in the results:

                     [[ "SearchSnippet/get", {
                       "accountId": "ue150411c",
                       "filter": {
                         "text": "foo"
                       },
                       "emailIds": [
                         "M44200ec123de277c0c1ce69c",
                         "M7bcbcb0b58d7729686e83d99",
                         "M28d12783a0969584b6deaac0",
                         ...
                       ]
                     }, "0" ]]

   Example response:

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   [[ "SearchSnippet/get", {
     "accountId": "ue150411c",
     "list": [{
         "emailId": "M44200ec123de277c0c1ce69c",
         "subject": null,
         "preview": null
     }, {
         "emailId": "M7bcbcb0b58d7729686e83d99",
         "subject": "The <mark>Foo</mark>sball competition",
         "preview": "...year the <mark>foo</mark>sball competition will
           be held in the Stadium de ..."
     }, {
         "emailId": "M28d12783a0969584b6deaac0",
         "subject": null,
         "preview": "...the <mark>Foo</mark>/bar method results often
           returns &lt;1 widget rather than the complete..."
     },
     ...
     ],
     "notFound": null
   }, "0" ]]

6.  Identities

   An *Identity* object stores information about an email address (or
   domain) the user may send from.  It has the following properties:

   o  *id*: "Id" (immutable; server-set) The id of the identity.

   o  *name*: "String" (default: "") The "From" _name_ the client SHOULD
      use when creating a new message from this identity.

   o  *email*: "String" (immutable) The "From" email address the client
      MUST use when creating a new message from this identity.  The
      value MAY alternatively be of the form "*@example.com", in which
      case the client may use any valid email address ending in
      "@example.com".

   o  *replyTo*: "EmailAddress[]|null" (default: null) The Reply-To
      value the client SHOULD set when creating a new message from this
      identity.

   o  *bcc*: "EmailAddress[]|null" (default: null) The Bcc value the
      client SHOULD set when creating a new message from this identity.

   o  *textSignature*: "String" (default: "") Signature the client
      SHOULD insert into new plain-text messages that will be sent from

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      this identity.  Clients MAY ignore this and/or combine this with a
      client-specific signature preference.

   o  *htmlSignature*: "String" (default: "") Signature the client
      SHOULD insert into new HTML messages that will be sent from this
      identity.  This text MUST be an HTML snippet to be inserted into
      the "<body></body>" section of the new email.  Clients MAY ignore
      this and/or combine this with a client-specific signature
      preference.

   o  *mayDelete*: "Boolean" (server-set) Is the user allowed to delete
      this identity?  Servers may wish to set this to "false" for the
      user's username or other default address.  Attempts to destroy an
      identity with "mayDelete: false" will be rejected with a standard
      "forbidden" SetError.

   See the "Addresses" header form description in the Email object for
   the definition of _EmailAddress_.

   Multiple identities with the same email address MAY exist, to allow
   for different settings the user wants to pick between (for example
   with different names/signatures).

   The following JMAP methods are supported:

6.1.  Identity/get

   Standard "/get" method.  The _ids_ argument may be "null" to fetch
   all at once.

6.2.  Identity/changes

   Standard "/changes" method.

6.3.  Identity/set

   Standard "/set" method.  The following extra _SetError_ types are
   defined:

   For *create*:

   o  "forbiddenFrom": The user is not allowed to send from the address
      given as the _email_ property of the identity.

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6.4.  Example

   Request:

                           [ "Identity/get", {
                             "accountId": "acme"
                           }, "0" ]

   with response:

        [ "Identity/get", {
          "accountId": "acme",
          "state": "99401312ae-11-333",
          "list": [
            {
              "id": "XD-3301-222-11_22AAz",
              "name": "Joe Bloggs",
              "email": "joe@example.com",
              "replyTo": null,
              "bcc": [{
                "name": null,
                "email": "joe+archive@example.com"
              }],
              "textSignature": "-- \nJoe Bloggs\nMaster of Email",
              "htmlSignature": "<div><b>Joe Bloggs</b></div>
                <div>Master of Email</div>",
              "mayDelete": false
            },
            {
              "id": "XD-9911312-11_22AAz",
              "name": "Joe B",
              "email": "*@example.com",
              "replyTo": null,
              "bcc": null,
              "textSignature": "",
              "htmlSignature": "",
              "mayDelete": true
            }
          ],
          "notFound": []
        }, "0" ]

7.  Email submission

   An *EmailSubmission* object represents the submission of an email for
   delivery to one or more recipients.  It has the following properties:

   o  *id*: "Id" (immutable; server-set) The id of the email submission.

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   o  *identityId*: "Id" (immutable) The id of the identity to associate
      with this submission.

   o  *emailId*: "Id" (immutable) The id of the email to send.  The
      email being sent does not have to be a draft, for example when
      "redirecting" an existing email to a different address.

   o  *threadId*: "Id" (immutable; server-set) The thread id of the
      email to send.  This is set by the server to the _threadId_
      property of the email referenced by the _emailId_.

   o  *envelope*: "Envelope|null" (immutable) Information for use when
      sending via SMTP.  An *Envelope* object has the following
      properties:

      *  *mailFrom*: "Address" The email address to use as the return
         address in the SMTP submission, plus any parameters to pass
         with the MAIL FROM address.  The JMAP server MAY allow the
         address to be the empty string.  When a JMAP server performs an
         SMTP message submission, it MAY use the same id string for the
         [RFC3461] ENVID parameter and the EmailSubmission object id.
         Servers that do this MAY replace a client-provided value for
         ENVID with a server-provided value.

      *  *rcptTo*: "Address[]" The email addresses to send the message
         to, and any RCPT TO parameters to pass with the recipient.

      An *Address* object has the following properties:

      *  *email*: "String" The email address being represented by the
         object.  This is a "Mailbox" as used in the Reverse-path or
         Forward-path of the MAIL FROM or RCPT TO command in [RFC5321].

      *  *parameters*: "Object|null" Any parameters to send with the
         email (either mail-parameter or rcpt-parameter as appropriate,
         as specified in [RFC5321]).  If supplied, each key in the
         object is a parameter name, and the value either the parameter
         value (type "String") or if the parameter does not take a value
         then "null".  For both name and value, any xtext or unitext
         encodings are removed ([RFC3461], [RFC6533]) and JSON string
         encoding applied.

      If the _envelope_ property is "null" or omitted on creation, the
      server MUST generate this from the referenced email as follows:

      *  *mailFrom*: The email in the _Sender_ header, if present,
         otherwise the _From_ header, if present, and no parameters.  If
         multiple addresses are present in one of these headers, or

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         there is more than one _Sender_/_From_ header, the server
         SHOULD reject the email as invalid but otherwise MUST take the
         first address in the last _Sender_/_From_ header in the
         [RFC5322] version of the message.  If the address found from
         this is not allowed by the identity associated with this
         submission, the _email_ property from the identity MUST be used
         instead.

      *  *rcptTo*: The deduplicated set of email addresses from the
         _To_, _Cc_ and _Bcc_ headers, if present, with no parameters
         for any of them.

   o  *sendAt*: "UTCDate" (immutable; server-set) The date the email
      was/will be released for delivery.  If the client successfully
      used [RFC4865] FUTURERELEASE with the email, this MUST be the time
      when the server will release the email; otherwise it MUST be the
      time the EmailSubmission was created.

   o  *undoStatus*: "String" This represents whether the submission may
      be canceled.  This is server set and MUST be one of the following
      values:

      *  "pending": It may be possible to cancel this submission.

      *  "final": The email has been relayed to at least one recipient
         in a manner that cannot be recalled.  It is no longer possible
         to cancel this submission.

      *  "canceled": The email submission was canceled and will not be
         delivered to any recipient.

      On systems that do not support unsending, the value of this
      property will always be "final".  On systems that do support
      canceling submission, it will start as "pending", and MAY
      transition to "final" when the server knows it definitely cannot
      recall the email, but MAY just remain "pending".  If in pending
      state, a client can attempt to cancel the submission by setting
      this property to "canceled"; if the update succeeds, the
      submission was successfully canceled and the email has not been
      delivered to any of the original recipients.

   o  *deliveryStatus*: "String[DeliveryStatus]|null" (server-set) This
      represents the delivery status for each of the email's recipients,
      if known.  This property MAY not be supported by all servers, in
      which case it will remain "null".  Servers that support it SHOULD
      update the EmailSubmission object each time the status of any of
      the recipients changes, even if some recipients are still being
      retried.  This value is a map from the email address of each

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      recipient to a _DeliveryStatus_ object.  A *DeliveryStatus* object
      has the following properties:

      *  *smtpReply*: "String" The SMTP reply string returned for this
         recipient when the server last tried to relay the email, or in
         a later DSN (Delivery Status Notification, as defined in
         [RFC3464]) response for the email.  This SHOULD be the response
         to the RCPT TO stage, unless this was accepted and the email as
         a whole rejected at the end of the DATA stage, in which case
         the DATA stage reply SHOULD be used instead.  Multi-line SMTP
         responses should be concatenated to a single string as follows:

         +  The hyphen following the SMTP code on all but the last line
            is replaced with a space.

         +  Any prefix in common with the first line is stripped from
            lines after the first.

         +  CRLF is replaced by a space.

         For example:

          550-5.7.1 Our system has detected that this message is
          550 5.7.1 likely spam.

         would become:

    550 5.7.1 Our system has detected that this message is likely spam.

         For emails relayed via an alternative to SMTP, the server MAY
         generate a synthetic string representing the status instead.
         If it does this, the string MUST be of the following form:

         +  A 3-digit SMTP reply code, as defined in [RFC5321], section
            4.2.3.

         +  Then a single space character.

         +  Then an SMTP Enhanced Mail System Status Code as defined in
            [RFC3463], with a registry defined in [RFC5248].

         +  Then a single space character.

         +  Then an implementation-specific information string with a
            human readable explanation of the response.

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      *  *delivered*: "String" Represents whether the email has been
         successfully delivered to the recipient.  This MUST be one of
         the following values:

         +  "queued": The email is in a local mail queue and status will
            change once it exits the local mail queues.  The _smtpReply_
            property may still change.

         +  "yes": The email was successfully delivered to the mailbox
            of the recipient.  The _smtpReply_ property is final.

         +  "no": Delivery to the recipient permanently failed.  The
            _smtpReply_ property is final.

         +  "unknown": The final delivery status is unknown, (e.g. it
            was relayed to an external machine and no further
            information is available).  The _smtpReply_ property may
            still change if a DSN arrives.

         Note, successful relaying to an external SMTP server SHOULD NOT
         be taken as an indication that the email has successfully
         reached the final mailbox.  In this case though, the server may
         receive a DSN response, if requested.  If a DSN is received for
         the recipient with Action equal to "delivered", as per
         [RFC3464] section 2.3.3, then the _delivered_ property SHOULD
         be set to "yes"; if the Action equals "failed", the property
         SHOULD be set to "no".  Receipt of any other DSN SHOULD NOT
         affect this property.  The server MAY also set this property
         based on other feedback channels.

      *  *displayed*: "String" Represents whether the email has been
         displayed to the recipient.  This MUST be one of the following
         values:

         +  "unknown": The display status is unknown.  This is the
            initial value.

         +  "yes": The recipient's system claims the email content has
            been displayed to the recipient.  Note, there is no
            guarantee that the recipient has noticed, read, or
            understood the content.

         If an MDN is received for this recipient with Disposition-Type
         (as per [RFC8098] section 3.2.6.2) equal to "displayed", this
         property SHOULD be set to "yes".  The server MAY also set this
         property based on other feedback channels.

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   o  *dsnBlobIds*: "Id[]" (server-set) A list of blob ids for Delivery
      Status Notifications ([RFC3464]) received for this submission, in
      order of receipt, oldest first.  The blob is the whole MIME
      message (with a top-level content-type of multipart/report), as
      received.

   o  *mdnBlobIds*: "Id[]" (server-set) A list of blob ids for Message
      Disposition Notifications ([RFC8098]) received for this
      submission, in order of receipt, oldest first.  The blob is the
      whole MIME message (with a top-level content-type of multipart/
      report), as received.

   JMAP servers MAY choose not to expose DSN and MDN responses as Email
   objects if they correlate to an EmailSubmission object.  It SHOULD
   only do this if it exposes them in the _dsnBlobIds_ and _mdnblobIds_
   fields instead, and expects the user to be using clients capable of
   fetching and displaying delivery status via the EmailSubmission
   object.

   For efficiency, a server MAY destroy EmailSubmission objects a
   certain amount of time after the email is successfully sent or it has
   finished retrying sending the email.  For very basic SMTP proxies,
   this MAY be immediately after creation, as it has no way to assign a
   real id and return the information again if fetched later.

   The following JMAP methods are supported:

7.1.  EmailSubmission/get

   Standard "/get" method.

7.2.  EmailSubmission/changes

   Standard "/changes" method.

7.3.  EmailSubmission/query

   Standard "/query" method.

   A *FilterCondition* object has the following properties, any of which
   may be omitted:

   o  *emailIds*: "Id[]" The EmailSubmission _emailId_ property must be
      in this list to match the condition.

   o  *threadIds*: "Id[]" The EmailSubmission _threadId_ property must
      be in this list to match the condition.

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   o  *undoStatus*: "String" The EmailSubmission _undoStatus_ property
      must be identical to the value given to match the condition.

   o  *before*: "UTCDate" The _sendAt_ property of the EmailSubmission
      object must be before this date-time to match the condition.

   o  *after*: "UTCDate" The _sendAt_ property of the EmailSubmission
      object must be the same as or after this date-time to match the
      condition.

   An EmailSubmission object matches the FilterCondition if and only if
   all of the given conditions match.  If zero properties are specified,
   it is automatically "true" for all objects.

   The following properties MUST be supported for sorting:

   o  "emailId"

   o  "threadId"

   o  "sentAt"

7.4.  EmailSubmission/queryChanges

   Standard "/queryChanges" method.

7.5.  EmailSubmission/set

   Standard "/set" method, with the following two extra arguments:

   o  *onSuccessUpdateEmail*: "Id[Email]|null" A map of _EmailSubmission
      id_ to an object containing properties to update on the Email
      object referenced by the EmailSubmission if the create/update/
      destroy succeeds.  (For references to EmailSubmission creations,
      this is equivalent to a back-reference so the id will be the
      creation id prefixed with a "#".)

   o  *onSuccessDestroyEmail*: "Id[]|null" A list of _EmailSubmission
      ids_ for which the email with the corresponding emailId should be
      destroyed if the create/update/destroy succeeds.  (For references
      to EmailSubmission creations, this is equivalent to a back-
      reference so the id will be the creation id prefixed with a "#".)

   A single implicit _Email/set_ call MUST be made after all
   EmailSubmission create/update/destroy requests have been processed to
   perform any changes requested in these two arguments.  The response
   to this MUST be returned after the _EmailSubmission/set_ response.

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   An email is sent by creating an EmailSubmission object.  When
   processing each create, the server must check that the email is
   valid, and the user has sufficient authorization to send it.  If the
   creation succeeds, the email will be sent to the recipients given in
   the envelope _rcptTo_ parameter.  The server MUST remove any _Bcc_
   header present on the email during delivery.  The server MAY add or
   remove other headers from the submitted email, or make further
   alterations in accordance with the server's policy during delivery.

   If the referenced email is destroyed at any point after the
   EmailSubmission object is created, this MUST NOT change the behaviour
   of the email submission (i.e. it does not cancel a future send).

   Similarly, destroying an EmailSubmission object MUST NOT affect the
   deliveries it represents.  It purely removes the record of the email
   submission.  The server MAY automatically destroy EmailSubmission
   objects after a certain time or in response to other triggers, and
   MAY forbid the client from manually destroying EmailSubmission
   objects.

   If the email to be sent is larger than the server supports sending, a
   standard "tooLarge" SetError MUST be returned.  A _maxSize_
   "UnsignedInt" property MUST be present on the SetError specifying the
   maximum size of an email that may be sent, in octets.

   If the email or identity id given cannot be found, the submission
   creation is rejected with a standard "invalidProperties" SetError.

   The following extra _SetError_ types are defined:

   For *create*:

   o  "invalidEmail" - The email to be sent is invalid in some way.  The
      SetError SHOULD contain a property called _properties_ of type
      "String[]" that lists *all* the properties of the email that were
      invalid.

   o  "tooManyRecipients" - The envelope (supplied or generated) has
      more recipients than the server allows.  A _maxRecipients_
      "UnsignedInt" property MUST also be present on the SetError
      specifying the maximum number of allowed recipients.

   o  "noRecipients" - The envelope (supplied or generated) does not
      have any rcptTo emails.

   o  "invalidRecipients" - The _rcptTo_ property of the envelope
      (supplied or generated) contains at least one rcptTo value which
      is not a valid email for sending to.  An _invalidRecipients_

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      "String[]" property MUST also be present on the SetError, which is
      a list of the invalid addresses.

   o  "forbiddenMailFrom" - The server does not permit the user to send
      an email with the [RFC5321] envelope From.

   o  "forbiddenFrom" - The server does not permit the user to send an
      email with the [RFC5322] From header of the email to be sent.

   o  "forbiddenToSend" - The user does not have permission to send at
      all right now for some reason.  A _description_ "String" property
      MAY be present on the SetError object to display to the user why
      they are not permitted.

   For *update*:

   o  "cannotUnsend": The client attempted to update the _undoStatus_ of
      a valid EmailSubmission object from "pending" to "canceled", but
      the email cannot be unsent.

7.5.1.  Example

   The following example presumes a draft of the message to be sent has
   already been saved, and its Email id is "M7f6ed5bcfd7e2604d1753f6c".
   This call then sends the email immediately, and if successful removes
   the draft flag and moves it from the Drafts folder (which has Mailbox
   id "7cb4e8ee-df87-4757-b9c4-2ea1ca41b38e") to the Sent folder (which
   we presume has Mailbox id "73dbcb4b-bffc-48bd-8c2a-a2e91ca672f6").

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      [[ "EmailSubmission/set", {
        "accountId": "ue411d190",
        "create": {
          "k1490": {
            "identityId": "I64588216",
            "emailId": "M7f6ed5bcfd7e2604d1753f6c",
            "envelope": {
              "mailFrom": {
                "email": "john@example.com",
                "parameters": null
              },
              "rcptTo": [{
                "email": "jane@example.com",
                "parameters": null
              },
              ...
              ]
            }
          }
        },
        "onSuccessUpdateEmail": {
          "#k1490": {
            "mailboxIds/7cb4e8ee-df87-4757-b9c4-2ea1ca41b38e": null,
            "mailboxIds/73dbcb4b-bffc-48bd-8c2a-a2e91ca672f6": true,
            "keywords/$draft": null
          }
        }
      }, "0" ]]

   A successful response might look like this.  Note there are two
   responses due to the implicit Email/set call, but both have the same
   method call id as they are due to the same call in the request:

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           [[ "EmailSubmission/set", {
             "accountId": "ue411d190",
             "oldState": "012421s6-8nrq-4ps4-n0p4-9330r951ns21",
             "newState": "355421f6-8aed-4cf4-a0c4-7377e951af36",
             "created": {
               "k1490": {
                 "id": "ES-3bab7f9a-623e-4acf-99a5-2e67facb02a0"
               }
             }
           }, "0" ],
           [ "Email/set", {
             "accountId": "ue411d190",
             "oldState": "778193",
             "newState": "778197",
             "updated": {
                 "M7f6ed5bcfd7e2604d1753f6c": null
             }
           }, "0" ]]

   Suppose instead an admin has removed sending rights for the user, and
   so the email submission is rejected with a "forbiddenToSend" error.
   The description argument of the error is intended for display to the
   user, so should be localised appropriately.  Let's suppose the
   request was sent with an Accept-Language header like this:

                    Accept-Language: de;q=0.9,en;q=0.8

   The server should attempt to choose the best localisation from those
   it has available based on the Accept-Language header, as described in
   [I-D.ietf-jmap-core], section 3.7.  If the server has English, French
   and German translations it would choose German as the preferred
   language and return a response like this:

[[ "EmailSubmission/set", {
  "accountId": "ue411d190",
  "oldState": "012421s6-8nrq-4ps4-n0p4-9330r951ns21",
  "newState": "012421s6-8nrq-4ps4-n0p4-9330r951ns21",
  "notCreated": {
    "k1490": {
      "type": "forbiddenToSend",
      "description": "Verzeihung, wegen verdaechtiger Aktivitaeten Ihres Benutzerkontos haben wir den Versand von Nachrichten gesperrt. Bitte wenden Sie sich fuer Hilfe an unser Support Team."
    }
  }
}, "0" ]]

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8.  Vacation response

   A vacation response automatically sends a reply to messages sent to a
   particular account, to inform the original sender that their message
   may not be read for some time.  Automated message sending can produce
   undesirable behaviour.  To avoid this, implementors MUST follow the
   recommendations set forth in [RFC3834].

   The *VacationResponse* object represents the state of vacation-
   response related settings for an account.  It has the following
   properties:

   o  *id*: "Id" (immutable; server-set) The id of the object.  There is
      only ever one vacation response object, and its id is
      ""singleton"".

   o  *isEnabled*: "Boolean" Should a vacation response be sent if an
      email arrives between the _fromDate_ and _toDate_?

   o  *fromDate*: "UTCDate|null" If _isEnabled_ is "true" emails that
      arrive on or after this date-time should receive the user's
      vacation response.  If "null", the vacation response is effective
      immediately.

   o  *toDate*: "UTCDate|null" If _isEnabled_ is "true", emails that
      arrive before this date-time should receive the user's vacation
      response.  If "null", the vacation response is effective
      indefinitely.

   o  *subject*: "String|null" The subject that will be used by the
      message sent in response to emails when the vacation response is
      enabled.  If "null", an appropriate subject SHOULD be set by the
      server.

   o  *textBody*: "String|null" The plain text body to send in response
      to emails when the vacation response is enabled.  If this is
      "null", when the vacation message is sent a plain-text body part
      SHOULD be generated from the _htmlBody_ but the server MAY choose
      to send the response as HTML only.  If both _textBody_ and
      _htmlBody_ are "null", an appropriate default body SHOULD be
      generated for responses by the server.

   o  *htmlBody*: "String|null" The HTML body to send in response to
      emails when the vacation response is enabled.  If this is "null",
      when the vacation message is sent an HTML body part MAY be
      generated from the _textBody_, or the server MAY choose to send
      the response as plain-text only.

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   The following JMAP methods are supported:

8.1.  VacationResponse/get

   Standard "/get" method.

   There MUST only be exactly one VacationResponse object in an account.
   It MUST have the id "singleton".

8.2.  VacationResponse/set

   Standard "/set" method.

9.  Security considerations

   All security considerations of JMAP ([I-D.ietf-jmap-core]) apply to
   this specification.

9.1.  EmailBodyPart value

   Service providers typically perform security filtering on incoming
   email and it's important that the detection of content-type and
   charset for the security filter aligns with the heuristics performed
   by JMAP servers.  Servers that apply heuristics to determine the
   content-type or charset for _EmailBodyValue_ SHOULD document the
   heuristics and provide a mechanism to turn them off in the event they
   are misaligned with the security filter used at a particular mailbox
   host.

   Automatic conversion of charsets that allow hidden channels for ASCII
   text, such as UTF-7, have been problematic for security filters in
   the past so server implementations can mitigate this risk by having
   such conversions off-by-default and/or separately configurable.

   To allow the client to restrict the volume of data it can receive in
   response to a request, a maximum length may be requested for the data
   returned for a textual body part.  However, truncating the data may
   change the semantic meaning, for example truncating a URL changes its
   location.  Servers that scan for links to malicious sites should take
   care to either ensure truncation is not at a semantically significant
   point, or to rescan the truncated value for malicious content before
   returning it.

9.2.  HTML email display

   HTML message bodies provide richer formatting for emails but present
   a number of security challenges, especially when embedded in a
   webmail context in combination with interface HTML.  Clients that

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   render HTML email should make careful consideration of the potential
   risks, including:

   o  Embedded JavaScript can rewrite the email to change its content on
      subsequent opening, allowing users to be mislead.  In webmail
      systems, if run in the same origin as the interface it can access
      and exfiltrate all private data accessible to the user, including
      all other emails and potentially contacts, calendar events,
      settings, and credentials.  It can also rewrite the interface to
      undetectably phish passwords.  A compromise is likely to be
      persistent, not just for the duration of page load, due to
      exfiltration of session credentials or installation of a service
      worker that can intercept all subsequent network requests (this
      however would only be possible if blob downloads are also
      available on the same origin, and the service worker script is
      attached to the message).

   o  HTML documents may load content directly from the internet, rather
      than just referencing attached resources.  For example you may
      have an "<img>" tag with an external "src" attribute.  This may
      leak to the sender when a message is opened, as well as the IP
      address of the recipient.  Cookies may also be sent and set by the
      server, allowing tracking between different emails and even
      website visits and advertising profiles.

   o  In webmail systems, CSS can break the layout or create phishing
      vulnerabilities.  For example, the use of "position:fixed" can
      allow an email to draw content outside of its normal bounds,
      potentially clickjacking a real interface element.

   o  If in a webmail context and not inside a separate frame, any
      styles defined in CSS rules will apply to interface elements as
      well if the selector matches, allowing the interface to be
      modified.  Similarly, any interface styles that match elements in
      the email will alter their appearance, potentially breaking the
      layout of the email.

   o  The link text in HTML has no necessary correlation with the actual
      target of the link, which can be used to make phishing attacks
      more convincing.

   o  Links opened from an email or embedded external content may leak
      private info in the "Referer" header sent by default in most
      systems.

   o  Forms can be used to mimic login boxes, providing a potent
      phishing vector if allowed to submit directly from the email
      display.

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   There are a number of ways clients can mitigate these issues, and a
   defence-in-depth approach that uses a combination of techniques will
   provide the strongest security.

   o  HTML can be filtered before rendering, stripping potentially
      malicious content.  Sanitizing HTML correctly is tricky, and
      implementers are strongly recommended to use a well-tested library
      with a carefully vetted whitelist-only approach.  New features
      with unexpected security characteristics may be added to HTML
      rendering engines in the future; a blacklist approach is likely to
      result in security issues.

   Subtle differences in parsing of HTML can introduce security flaws:
   to filter with 100% accuracy you need to use the same parser when
   sanitizing that the HTML rendering engine will use.

   o  Encapsulating the message in an "<iframe sandbox>", as defined in
      [HTML], section 4.7.6, can help mitigate a number of risks.  This
      will:

      *  Disable JavaScript.

      *  Disable form submission.

      *  Prevent drawing outside of its bounds, or conflict with
         interface CSS.

      *  Establish a unique anonymous origin, separate to the containing
         origin.

   o  A strong Content Security Policy [3] can, among other things,
      block JavaScript and loading of external content should it manage
      to evade the filter.

   o  The leakage of information in the Referer header can be mitigated
      with the use of a referrer policy [4].

   o  A "crossorigin=anonymous" attribute on tags that load remote
      content can prevent cookies from being sent.

   o  If adding "target=_blank" to open links in new tabs, also add
      "rel=noopener" to ensure the page that opens cannot change the URL
      in the original tab to redirect the user to a phishing site.

   As highly complex software components, HTML rendering engines
   increase the attack surface of a client considerably, especially when
   being used to process untrusted, potentially malicious content.
   Serious bugs have been found in image decoders, JavaScript engines

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   and HTML parsers in the past, which could lead to full system
   compromise.  Clients using an engine should ensure they get the
   latest version and continue to incorporate any security patches
   released by the vendor.

9.3.  Email submission

   SMTP submission servers [RFC6409] use a number of mechanisms to
   mitigate damage caused by compromised user accounts and end-user
   systems including rate limiting, anti-virus/anti-spam milters (mail
   filters) and other technologies.  The technologies work better when
   they have more information about the client connection.  If JMAP
   email submission is implemented as a proxy to an SMTP Submission
   server, it is useful to communicate this information from the JMAP
   proxy to the submission server.  The de-facto [XCLIENT] extension to
   SMTP can be used to do this, but use of an authenticated channel is
   recommended to limit use of that extension to explicitly authorized
   proxies.

   JMAP servers that proxy to an SMTP Submission server SHOULD allow use
   of the _submissions_ port [RFC8314] and SHOULD implement SASL PLAIN
   over TLS [RFC4616] and/or TLS client certificate authentication with
   SASL EXTERNAL [RFC4422] appendix A.  Implementation of a mechanism
   similar to SMTP XCLIENT is strongly encouraged.

   In the event the JMAP server directly relays mail to SMTP servers in
   other administrative domains, then implementation of the de-facto
   [milter] protocol is strongly encouraged to integrate with third-
   party products that address security issues including anti-virus/
   anti-spam, reputation protection, compliance archiving, and data loss
   prevention.  Proxying to a local SMTP Submission server may be a
   simpler way to provide such security services.

9.4.  Partial account access

   A user may only have permission to access a subset of the data that
   exists in an account.  To avoid leaking any unauthorised information,
   in such a situation the server MUST treat any data the user does not
   have permission to access the same as if it did not exist.

   For example, suppose user A has an account with two mailboxes, Inbox
   and Sent, but only shares the Inbox with user B.  In this case, when
   user B fetches mailboxes for this account, the server MUST behave as
   though the Sent mailbox did not exist.  Similarly when querying or
   fetching Email objects, it MUST treat any messages that just belong
   to the Sent mailbox as though they did not exist.  Fetching Thread
   objects MUST only return ids for Email objects the user has

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   permission to access; if none, the Thread again MUST be treated the
   same as if it did not exist.

10.  IANA considerations

10.1.  JMAP capability registration for "mail"

   IANA will register the "mail" JMAP Capability as follows:

   Capability Name: "urn:ietf:params:jmap:mail"

   Specification document: this document

   Intended use: common

   Change Controller: IETF

   Security and privacy considerations: this document, section 9

10.2.  JMAP capability registration for "submission"

   IANA will register the "submission" JMAP Capability as follows:

   Capability Name: "urn:ietf:params:jmap:submission"

   Specification document: this document

   Intended use: common

   Change Controller: IETF

   Security and privacy considerations: this document, section 9

10.3.  JMAP capability registration for "vacationresponse"

   IANA will register the "vacationresponse" JMAP Capability as follows:

   Capability Name: "urn:ietf:params:jmap:vacationresponse"

   Specification document: this document

   Intended use: common

   Change Controller: IETF

   Security and privacy considerations: this document, section 9

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10.4.  IMAP and JMAP keywords registry

   This document makes two changes to the IMAP keywords registry as
   defined in [RFC5788].

   First, the name of the registry is changed to the "IMAP and JMAP
   keywords Registry".

   Second, a scope column is added to the template and registry
   indicating whether a keyword applies to IMAP-only, JMAP-only, both,
   or reserved.  All keywords presently in the IMAP keyword registry
   will be marked with a scope of both.  The "reserved" status can be
   used to prevent future registration of a name that would be confusing
   if registered.  Registration of keywords with scope 'reserved' omit
   most fields in the registration template (see registration of
   "$recent" below for an example); such registrations are intended to
   be infrequent.

   IMAP clients MAY silently ignore any keywords marked JMAP-only or
   reserved in the event they appear in protocol.  JMAP clients MAY
   silently ignore any keywords marked IMAP-only or reserved in the
   event they appear in protocol.

   New JMAP-only keywords are registered in the following sub-sections.
   These keywords correspond to IMAP system keywords and are thus not
   appropriate for use in IMAP.  These keywords can not be subsequently
   registered for use in IMAP except via standards action.

10.4.1.  Registration of JMAP keyword '$draft'

   This registers the JMAP-only keyword '$draft' in the "IMAP and JMAP
   keywords Registry".

   Keyword name: "$draft"

   Scope: JMAP-only

   Purpose (description): This is set when the user wants to treat the
   message as a draft the user is composing.  This is the JMAP
   equivalent of the IMAP \Draft flag.

   Private or Shared on a server: BOTH

   Is it an advisory keyword or may it cause an automatic action:
   Automatic.  If the account has a mailbox marked with the \Drafts
   special use [RFC6154], setting this flag MAY cause the message to
   appear in that mailbox automatically.  Certain JMAP computed values
   such as _unreadEmails_ will change as a result of changing this flag.

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   In addition, mail clients typically will present draft messages in a
   composer window rather than a viewer window.

   When/by whom the keyword is set/cleared: This is typically set by a
   JMAP client when referring to a draft message.  One model for draft
   emails would result in clearing this flag in an EmailSubmission/set
   operation with an onSuccessUpdateEmail attribute.  In a mailstore
   shared by JMAP and IMAP, this is also set and cleared as necessary so
   it matches the IMAP \Draft flag.

   Related keywords: None

   Related IMAP/JMAP Capabilities: SPECIAL-USE [RFC6154]

   Security Considerations: A server implementing this keyword as a
   shared keyword may disclose that a user considers the message a draft
   message.  This information would be exposed to other users with read
   permission for the mailbox keywords.

   Published specification (recommended): this document

   Person & email address to contact for further information: (editor-
   contact-goes-here)

   Intended usage: COMMON

   Owner/Change controller: IESG

10.4.2.  Registration of JMAP keyword '$seen'

   This registers the JMAP-only keyword '$seen' in the "IMAP and JMAP
   keywords Registry".

   Keyword name: "$seen"

   Scope: JMAP-only

   Purpose (description): This is set when the user wants to treat the
   message as read.  This is the JMAP equivalent of the IMAP \Seen flag.

   Private or Shared on a server: BOTH

   Is it an advisory keyword or may it cause an automatic action:
   Advisory.  However, certain JMAP computed values such as
   _unreadEmails_ will change as a result of changing this flag.

   When/by whom the keyword is set/cleared: This is set by a JMAP client
   when it presents the message content to the user; clients often offer

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   an option to clear this flag.  In a mailstore shared by JMAP and
   IMAP, this is also set and cleared as necessary so it matches the
   IMAP \Seen flag.

   Related keywords: None

   Related IMAP/JMAP Capabilities: None

   Security Considerations: A server implementing this keyword as a
   shared keyword may disclose that a user considers the message to have
   been read.  This information would be exposed to other users with
   read permission for the mailbox keywords.

   Published specification (recommended): this document

   Person & email address to contact for further information: (editor-
   contact-goes-here)

   Intended usage: COMMON

   Owner/Change controller: IESG

10.4.3.  Registration of JMAP keyword '$flagged'

   This registers the JMAP-only keyword '$flagged' in the "IMAP and JMAP
   keywords Registry".

   Keyword name: "$flagged"

   Scope: JMAP-only

   Purpose (description): This is set when the user wants to treat the
   message as flagged for urgent/special attention.  This is the JMAP
   equivalent of the IMAP \Flagged flag.

   Private or Shared on a server: BOTH

   Is it an advisory keyword or may it cause an automatic action:
   Automatic.  If the account has a mailbox marked with the \Flagged
   special use [RFC6154], setting this flag MAY cause the message to
   appear in that mailbox automatically.

   When/by whom the keyword is set/cleared: JMAP clients typically allow
   a user to set/clear this flag as desired.  In a mailstore shared by
   JMAP and IMAP, this is also set and cleared as necessary so it
   matches the IMAP \Flagged flag.

   Related keywords: None

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   Related IMAP/JMAP Capabilities: SPECIAL-USE [RFC6154]

   Security Considerations: A server implementing this keyword as a
   shared keyword may disclose that a user considers the message as
   flagged for urgent/special attention.  This information would be
   exposed to other users with read permission for the mailbox keywords.

   Published specification (recommended): this document

   Person & email address to contact for further information: (editor-
   contact-goes-here)

   Intended usage: COMMON

   Owner/Change controller: IESG

10.4.4.  Registration of JMAP keyword '$answered'

   This registers the JMAP-only keyword '$answered' in the "IMAP and
   JMAP keywords Registry".

   Keyword name: "$answered"

   Scope: JMAP-only

   Purpose (description): This is set when the message has been
   answered.

   Private or Shared on a server: BOTH

   Is it an advisory keyword or may it cause an automatic action:
   Advisory.

   When/by whom the keyword is set/cleared: JMAP clients typically set
   this when submitting a reply or answer to the message.  It may be set
   by the EmailSubmission/set operation with an onSuccessUpdateEmail
   attribute.  In a mailstore shared by JMAP and IMAP, this is also set
   and cleared as necessary so it matches the IMAP \Answered flag.

   Related keywords: None

   Related IMAP/JMAP Capabilities: None

   Security Considerations: A server implementing this keyword as a
   shared keyword may disclose that a user has replied to a message.
   This information would be exposed to other users with read permission
   for the mailbox keywords.

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   Published specification (recommended): this document

   Person & email address to contact for further information: (editor-
   contact-goes-here)

   Intended usage: COMMON

   Owner/Change controller: IESG

10.4.5.  Registration of '$recent' keyword

   This registers the keyword '$recent' in the "IMAP and JMAP keywords
   Registry".

   Keyword name: "$recent"

   Scope: reserved

   Purpose (description): This keyword is not used to avoid confusion
   with the IMAP \Recent system flag.

   Published specification (recommended): this document

   Person & email address to contact for further information: (editor-
   contact-goes-here)

   Owner/Change controller: IESG

10.5.  Registration of "inbox" role in

   This registers the JMAP-only "inbox" attribute in the "IMAP Mailbox
   Name Attributes Registry", as established in [RFC8457].

   Attribute Name: Inbox

   Description: New mail is delivered here by default.

   Reference: This document, section 10.5.

   Usage Notes: JMAP only

10.6.  JMAP Error Codes registry

   The following sub-sections register several new error codes in the
   JMAP Error Codes registry, as defined in [I-D.ietf-jmap-core].

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10.6.1.  mailboxHasChild

   JMAP Error Code: mailboxHasChild

   Intended use: common

   Change controller: IETF

   Reference: This document, section 2.5

10.6.2.  mailboxHasEmail

   JMAP Error Code: mailboxHasEmail

   Intended use: common

   Change controller: IETF

   Reference: This document, section 2.5

10.6.3.  blobNotFound

   JMAP Error Code: blobNotFound

   Intended use: common

   Change controller: IETF

   Reference: This document, section 4.6

10.6.4.  tooManyKeywords

   JMAP Error Code: tooManyKeywords

   Intended use: common

   Change controller: IETF

   Reference: This document, section 4.6

10.6.5.  tooManyMailboxes

   JMAP Error Code: tooManyMailboxes

   Intended use: common

   Change controller: IETF

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   Reference: This document, section 4.6

10.6.6.  invalidEmail

   JMAP Error Code: invalidEmail

   Intended use: common

   Change controller: IETF

   Reference: This document, section 7.5

10.6.7.  tooManyRecipients

   JMAP Error Code: tooManyRecipients

   Intended use: common

   Change controller: IETF

   Reference: This document, section 7.5

10.6.8.  noRecipients

   JMAP Error Code: noRecipients

   Intended use: common

   Change controller: IETF

   Reference: This document, section 7.5

10.6.9.  invalidRecipients

   JMAP Error Code: invalidRecipients

   Intended use: common

   Change controller: IETF

   Reference: This document, section 7.5

10.6.10.  forbiddenMailFrom

   JMAP Error Code: forbiddenMailFrom

   Intended use: common

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   Change controller: IETF

   Reference: This document, section 7.5

10.6.11.  forbiddenFrom

   JMAP Error Code: forbiddenFrom

   Intended use: common

   Change controller: IETF

   Reference: This document, sections 6.3 and 7.5

10.6.12.  forbiddenToSend

   JMAP Error Code: forbiddenToSend

   Intended use: common

   Change controller: IETF

   Reference: This document, section 7.5

11.  References

11.1.  Normative References

   [HTML]     Faulkner, S., Eicholz, A., Leithead, T., Danilo, A., and
              S. Moon, "HTML 5.2", 2017,
              <https://www.w3.org/TR/html52/>.

   [I-D.ietf-jmap-core]
              Jenkins, N. and C. Newman, "JSON Meta Application
              Protocol", draft-ietf-jmap-core-14 (work in progress),
              January 2019.

   [RFC1870]  Klensin, J., Freed, N., and K. Moore, "SMTP Service
              Extension for Message Size Declaration", STD 10, RFC 1870,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC1870, November 1995,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc1870>.

   [RFC2045]  Freed, N. and N. Borenstein, "Multipurpose Internet Mail
              Extensions (MIME) Part One: Format of Internet Message
              Bodies", RFC 2045, DOI 10.17487/RFC2045, November 1996,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2045>.

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   [RFC2047]  Moore, K., "MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions)
              Part Three: Message Header Extensions for Non-ASCII Text",
              RFC 2047, DOI 10.17487/RFC2047, November 1996,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2047>.

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

   [RFC2231]  Freed, N. and K. Moore, "MIME Parameter Value and Encoded
              Word Extensions: Character Sets, Languages, and
              Continuations", RFC 2231, DOI 10.17487/RFC2231, November
              1997, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2231>.

   [RFC2369]  Neufeld, G. and J. Baer, "The Use of URLs as Meta-Syntax
              for Core Mail List Commands and their Transport through
              Message Header Fields", RFC 2369, DOI 10.17487/RFC2369,
              July 1998, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2369>.

   [RFC2392]  Levinson, E., "Content-ID and Message-ID Uniform Resource
              Locators", RFC 2392, DOI 10.17487/RFC2392, August 1998,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2392>.

   [RFC2557]  Palme, J., Hopmann, A., and N. Shelness, "MIME
              Encapsulation of Aggregate Documents, such as HTML
              (MHTML)", RFC 2557, DOI 10.17487/RFC2557, March 1999,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2557>.

   [RFC2852]  Newman, D., "Deliver By SMTP Service Extension", RFC 2852,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2852, June 2000,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2852>.

   [RFC3282]  Alvestrand, H., "Content Language Headers", RFC 3282,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC3282, May 2002,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3282>.

   [RFC3461]  Moore, K., "Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) Service
              Extension for Delivery Status Notifications (DSNs)",
              RFC 3461, DOI 10.17487/RFC3461, January 2003,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3461>.

   [RFC3463]  Vaudreuil, G., "Enhanced Mail System Status Codes",
              RFC 3463, DOI 10.17487/RFC3463, January 2003,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3463>.

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   [RFC3464]  Moore, K. and G. Vaudreuil, "An Extensible Message Format
              for Delivery Status Notifications", RFC 3464,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC3464, January 2003,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3464>.

   [RFC3834]  Moore, K., "Recommendations for Automatic Responses to
              Electronic Mail", RFC 3834, DOI 10.17487/RFC3834, August
              2004, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3834>.

   [RFC4314]  Melnikov, A., "IMAP4 Access Control List (ACL) Extension",
              RFC 4314, DOI 10.17487/RFC4314, December 2005,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4314>.

   [RFC4422]  Melnikov, A., Ed. and K. Zeilenga, Ed., "Simple
              Authentication and Security Layer (SASL)", RFC 4422,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC4422, June 2006,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4422>.

   [RFC4616]  Zeilenga, K., Ed., "The PLAIN Simple Authentication and
              Security Layer (SASL) Mechanism", RFC 4616,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC4616, August 2006,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4616>.

   [RFC4865]  White, G. and G. Vaudreuil, "SMTP Submission Service
              Extension for Future Message Release", RFC 4865,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC4865, May 2007,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4865>.

   [RFC5198]  Klensin, J. and M. Padlipsky, "Unicode Format for Network
              Interchange", RFC 5198, DOI 10.17487/RFC5198, March 2008,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5198>.

   [RFC5248]  Hansen, T. and J. Klensin, "A Registry for SMTP Enhanced
              Mail System Status Codes", BCP 138, RFC 5248,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC5248, June 2008,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5248>.

   [RFC5256]  Crispin, M. and K. Murchison, "Internet Message Access
              Protocol - SORT and THREAD Extensions", RFC 5256,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC5256, June 2008,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5256>.

   [RFC5321]  Klensin, J., "Simple Mail Transfer Protocol", RFC 5321,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC5321, October 2008,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5321>.

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   [RFC5322]  Resnick, P., Ed., "Internet Message Format", RFC 5322,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC5322, October 2008,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5322>.

   [RFC5788]  Melnikov, A. and D. Cridland, "IMAP4 Keyword Registry",
              RFC 5788, DOI 10.17487/RFC5788, March 2010,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5788>.

   [RFC6154]  Leiba, B. and J. Nicolson, "IMAP LIST Extension for
              Special-Use Mailboxes", RFC 6154, DOI 10.17487/RFC6154,
              March 2011, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6154>.

   [RFC6409]  Gellens, R. and J. Klensin, "Message Submission for Mail",
              STD 72, RFC 6409, DOI 10.17487/RFC6409, November 2011,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6409>.

   [RFC6532]  Yang, A., Steele, S., and N. Freed, "Internationalized
              Email Headers", RFC 6532, DOI 10.17487/RFC6532, February
              2012, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6532>.

   [RFC6533]  Hansen, T., Ed., Newman, C., and A. Melnikov,
              "Internationalized Delivery Status and Disposition
              Notifications", RFC 6533, DOI 10.17487/RFC6533, February
              2012, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6533>.

   [RFC6710]  Melnikov, A. and K. Carlberg, "Simple Mail Transfer
              Protocol Extension for Message Transfer Priorities",
              RFC 6710, DOI 10.17487/RFC6710, August 2012,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6710>.

   [RFC8098]  Hansen, T., Ed. and A. Melnikov, Ed., "Message Disposition
              Notification", STD 85, RFC 8098, DOI 10.17487/RFC8098,
              February 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8098>.

   [RFC8174]  Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
              2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
              May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.

   [RFC8314]  Moore, K. and C. Newman, "Cleartext Considered Obsolete:
              Use of Transport Layer Security (TLS) for Email Submission
              and Access", RFC 8314, DOI 10.17487/RFC8314, January 2018,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8314>.

   [RFC8457]  Leiba, B., Ed., "IMAP "$Important" Keyword and
              "\Important" Special-Use Attribute", RFC 8457,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC8457, September 2018,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8457>.

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   [RFC8474]  Gondwana, B., Ed., "IMAP Extension for Object
              Identifiers", RFC 8474, DOI 10.17487/RFC8474, September
              2018, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8474>.

11.2.  Informative References

   [milter]   Postfix, "Postfix before-queue Milter support", 2019,
              <http://www.postfix.org/MILTER_README.html>.

   [RFC3501]  Crispin, M., "INTERNET MESSAGE ACCESS PROTOCOL - VERSION
              4rev1", RFC 3501, DOI 10.17487/RFC3501, March 2003,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3501>.

   [XCLIENT]  Postfix, "Postfix XCLIENT Howto", 2019,
              <http://www.postfix.org/XCLIENT_README.html>.

11.3.  URIs

   [1] https://www.iana.org/assignments/imap-mailbox-name-attributes/
       imap-mailbox-name-attributes.xhtml

   [2] https://www.iana.org/assignments/imap-keywords/imap-
       keywords.xhtml

   [3] https://www.w3.org/TR/CSP3/

   [4] https://www.w3.org/TR/referrer-policy/

Authors' Addresses

   Neil Jenkins
   FastMail
   PO Box 234, Collins St West
   Melbourne  VIC 8007
   Australia

   Email: neilj@fastmailteam.com
   URI:   https://www.fastmail.com

   Chris Newman
   Oracle
   440 E. Huntington Dr., Suite 400
   Arcadia  CA 91006
   United States of America

   Email: chris.newman@oracle.com

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