@techreport{ietf-lamps-pq-composite-kem-16, number = {draft-ietf-lamps-pq-composite-kem-16}, type = {Internet-Draft}, institution = {Internet Engineering Task Force}, publisher = {Internet Engineering Task Force}, note = {Work in Progress}, url = {https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-lamps-pq-composite-kem/16/}, author = {Mike Ounsworth and John Gray and Massimiliano Pala and Jan Klaußner and Scott Fluhrer}, title = {{Composite ML-KEM for use in X.509 Public Key Infrastructure}}, pagetotal = 132, year = 2026, month = jun, day = 15, abstract = {This document defines combinations of US NIST ML-KEM in hybrid with traditional algorithms RSA-OAEP, ECDH, X25519, and X448. These combinations are tailored to meet security best practices and regulatory guidelines. Composite ML-KEM is applicable in any application that uses X.509 or PKIX data structures that accept ML- KEM, but where the operator wants extra protection against breaks or catastrophic bugs in ML-KEM.}, }