Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure: Algorithm Identifiers for SLH-DSA
draft-ietf-lamps-x509-slhdsa-03
| Document | Type | Active Internet-Draft (lamps WG) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Authors | Kaveh Bashiri , Scott Fluhrer , Stefan-Lukas Gazdag , Daniel Van Geest , Stavros Kousidis | ||
| Last updated | 2024-11-29 (Latest revision 2024-11-22) | ||
| Replaces | draft-gazdag-x509-slhdsa | ||
| RFC stream | Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) | ||
| Intended RFC status | Proposed Standard | ||
| Formats | |||
| Additional resources | Mailing list discussion | ||
| Stream | WG state | In WG Last Call | |
| Document shepherd | Russ Housley | ||
| IESG | IESG state | I-D Exists | |
| Consensus boilerplate | Yes | ||
| Telechat date | (None) | ||
| Responsible AD | (None) | ||
| Send notices to | housley@vigilsec.com |
draft-ietf-lamps-x509-slhdsa-03
LAMPS - Limited Additional Mechanisms for PKIX and SMIME K. Bashiri
Internet-Draft BSI
Intended status: Standards Track S. Fluhrer
Expires: 26 May 2025 Cisco Systems
S. Gazdag
genua GmbH
D. Van Geest
CryptoNext Security
S. Kousidis
BSI
22 November 2024
Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure: Algorithm Identifiers for SLH-
DSA
draft-ietf-lamps-x509-slhdsa-03
Abstract
Digital signatures are used within X.509 Public Key Infrastructure
such as X.509 certificates, Certificate Revocation Lists (CRLs), and
to sign messages. This document describes the conventions for using
the Stateless Hash-Based Digital Signature Algorithm (SLH-DSA) in
X.509 Public Key Infrastructure. The conventions for the associated
signatures, subject public keys, and private keys are also described.
About This Document
This note is to be removed before publishing as an RFC.
Status information for this document may be found at
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-lamps-x509-slhdsa/.
Discussion of this document takes place on the LAMPS Working Group
mailing list (mailto:spasm@ietf.org), which is archived at
https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/browse/spasm/. Subscribe at
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/spasm/.
Source for this draft and an issue tracker can be found at
https://github.com/x509-hbs/draft-x509-slhdsa.
Status of This Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
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Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
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This Internet-Draft will expire on 26 May 2025.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2024 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
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Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Conventions and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3. Algorithm Identifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
4. SLH-DSA Signatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5. Subject Public Key Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
6. Key Usage Bits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
7. Private Key Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
8. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
9. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
10. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
10.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
10.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Appendix A. ASN.1 Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Appendix B. Security Strengths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Appendix C. Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
C.1. Example Public Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
C.2. Example Private Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
C.3. Example Certificate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
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1. Introduction
The Stateless Hash-Based Digital Signature Algorithm (SLH-DSA) is a
quantum-resistant digital signature scheme standardized in [FIPS205]
by the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) PQC
project [NIST-PQC]. Prior to standardization, the algorithm was
known as SPHINCS+. SLH-DSA and SPHINCS+ are not compatible. This
document defines the ASN.1 Object Identifiers (OIDs) and conventions
for the encoding of SLH-DSA digital signatures, public keys and
private keys in the X.509 Public Key Infrastructure.
SLH-DSA offers three security levels. The parameters for each of the
security levels were chosen to be at least as secure as a generic
block cipher of 128, 192, or 256 bits. There are small (s) and fast
(f) versions of the algorithm, and the option to use SHA-256
[FIPS180] or SHAKE256 [FIPS202] as internal hash functions. While
the fast versions are optimized for key generation and signing speed,
they are actually slower at verification than the SLH-DSA small
parameter sets. For example, id-slh-dsa-shake-256s represents the
256-bit security level, the small version of the algorithm, and the
use of SHAKE256.
Separate algorithm identifiers have been assigned for SLH-DSA at each
of these security levels, fast vs small, and SHA-256 vs SHAKE256.
SLH-DSA signature operations include a context string as input. The
context string has a maximum length of 255 bytes. By default, the
context string is the empty string. This document only specifies the
use of the empty context string for use in the X.509 Public Key
Infrastructure.
SLH-DSA offers two signature modes: pure mode, where the entire
content is signed directly, and pre-hash mode, where a digest of the
content is signed. This document uses the term SLH-DSA to refer to
the algorithm in general. When a pure or pre-hash mode needs to be
differentiated, the terms Pure SLH-DSA and HashSLH-DSA are used.
This document specifies the use of Pure SLH-DSA in Public Key
Infrastructure X.509 (PKIX) certificates and Certificate Revocation
Lists (CRLs) as well as the use of HashSLH-DSA public keys only in
end-entity certificates.
2. Conventions and Definitions
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
"OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
capitals, as shown here.
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3. Algorithm Identifiers
The AlgorithmIdentifier type, is defined as follows:
AlgorithmIdentifier{ALGORITHM-TYPE, ALGORITHM-TYPE:AlgorithmSet} ::=
SEQUENCE {
algorithm ALGORITHM-TYPE.&id({AlgorithmSet}),
parameters ALGORITHM-TYPE.
&Params({AlgorithmSet}{@algorithm}) OPTIONAL
}
| NOTE: The above syntax is from [RFC5912] and is compatible with
| the 2021 ASN.1 syntax [X680]. See [RFC5280] for the 1988 ASN.1
| syntax.
The fields in AlgorithmIdentifier have the following meanings:
* algorithm identifies the cryptographic algorithm with an object
identifier.
* parameters, which are optional, are the associated parameters for
the algorithm identifier in the algorithm field.
The object identifiers for SLH-DSA are defined in the NIST Computer
Security Objects Register [CSOR], and are reproduced here for
convenience. The same OID is used to identify an SLH-DSA public key
and its associated signature algorithm.
The Pure SLH-DSA OIDs are:
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nistAlgorithms OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { joint-iso-itu-t(2)
country(16) us(840) organization(1) gov(101) csor(3) 4 }
sigAlgs OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { nistAlgorithms 3 }
id-slh-dsa-sha2-128s OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { sigAlgs 20 }
id-slh-dsa-sha2-128f OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { sigAlgs 21 }
id-slh-dsa-sha2-192s OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { sigAlgs 22 }
id-slh-dsa-sha2-192f OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { sigAlgs 23 }
id-slh-dsa-sha2-256s OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { sigAlgs 24 }
id-slh-dsa-sha2-256f OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { sigAlgs 25 }
id-slh-dsa-shake-128s OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { sigAlgs 26 }
id-slh-dsa-shake-128f OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { sigAlgs 27 }
id-slh-dsa-shake-192s OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { sigAlgs 28 }
id-slh-dsa-shake-192f OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { sigAlgs 29 }
id-slh-dsa-shake-256s OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { sigAlgs 30 }
id-slh-dsa-shake-256f OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { sigAlgs 31 }
The HashSLH-DSA OIDs are:
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nistAlgorithms OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { joint-iso-itu-t(2)
country(16) us(840) organization(1) gov(101) csor(3) 4 }
sigAlgs OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { nistAlgorithms 3 }
id-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-128s-with-sha256 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {
sigAlgs 35 }
id-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-128f-with-sha256 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {
sigAlgs 36 }
id-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-192s-with-sha512 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {
sigAlgs 37 }
id-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-192f-with-sha512 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {
sigAlgs 38 }
id-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-256s-with-sha512 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {
sigAlgs 39 }
id-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-256f-with-sha512 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {
sigAlgs 40 }
id-hash-slh-dsa-shake-128s-with-shake128 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {
sigAlgs 41 }
id-hash-slh-dsa-shake-128f-with-shake128 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {
sigAlgs 42 }
id-hash-slh-dsa-shake-192s-with-shake256 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {
sigAlgs 43 }
id-hash-slh-dsa-shake-192f-with-shake256 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {
sigAlgs 44 }
id-hash-slh-dsa-shake-256s-with-shake256 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {
sigAlgs 45 }
id-hash-slh-dsa-shake-256f-with-shake256 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {
sigAlgs 46 }
The contents of the parameters component for each algorithm MUST be
absent.
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4. SLH-DSA Signatures
SLH-DSA is a digital signature scheme built upon hash functions. The
security of SLH-DSA relies on the presumed difficulty of finding
preimages for hash functions as well as several related properties of
the same hash functions.
Signatures can be placed in a number of different ASN.1 structures.
The top level structure for a certificate is given below as being
illustrative of how signatures are frequently encoded with an
algorithm identifier and a location for the signature.
Certificate ::= SIGNED{ TBSCertificate }
SIGNED{ToBeSigned} ::= SEQUENCE {
toBeSigned ToBeSigned,
algorithmIdentifier SEQUENCE {
algorithm SIGNATURE-ALGORITHM.
&id({SignatureAlgorithms}),
parameters SIGNATURE-ALGORITHM.
&Params({SignatureAlgorithms}
{@algorithmIdentifier.algorithm})
OPTIONAL
},
signature BIT STRING (CONTAINING SIGNATURE-ALGORITHM.&Value(
{SignatureAlgorithms}
{@algorithmIdentifier.algorithm}))
}
| The above syntax is from [RFC5912] and is compatible with the
| 2021 ASN.1 syntax [X680]. See [RFC5280] for the 1988 ASN.1
| syntax.
The same algorithm identifiers are used for signatures as are used
for public keys. When used to identify signature algorithms, the
parameters MUST be absent.
The data to be signed is prepared for SLH-DSA. Then, a private key
operation is performed to generate the raw signature value.
Section 9.2 of [FIPS205] defines an SLH-DSA signature as three
elements, R, SIG_FORS and SIG_HT. The raw octet string encoding of
an SLH-DSA public key is the concatenation of these three elements,
i.e. R || SIG_FORS || SIG_HT. The raw octet string representing the
signature is encoded directly in the BIT STRING without adding any
additional ASN.1 wrapping. For example, in the Certificate
structure, the raw signature value is encoded in the "signatureValue"
BIT STRING field.
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This document does not define the use of HashSLH-DSA to sign
certificates or CRLs, but it does allow the use of HashSLH-DSA public
keys in end-entity certificates for use by protocols that may need
pre-hashing. Pre-hashing is performed using the hash algorithm or
XOF specified after "with" in the object identifier string. For
example, SHA-256 is used for pre-hashing with id-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-
128s-with-sha256. When pre-hashing is performed using SHAKE128, the
output length is 256 bits. When pre-hashing is performed using
SHAKE256, the output length is 512 bits.
5. Subject Public Key Fields
In the X.509 certificate, the subjectPublicKeyInfo field has the
SubjectPublicKeyInfo type, which has the following ASN.1 syntax:
SubjectPublicKeyInfo {PUBLIC-KEY: IOSet} ::= SEQUENCE {
algorithm AlgorithmIdentifier {PUBLIC-KEY, {IOSet}},
subjectPublicKey BIT STRING }
| The above syntax is from [RFC5912] and is compatible with the
| 2021 ASN.1 syntax [X680]. See [RFC5280] for the 1988 ASN.1
| syntax.
The fields in SubjectPublicKeyInfo have the following meanings:
* algorithm is the algorithm identifier and parameters for the
public key (see above).
* subjectPublicKey contains the byte stream of the public key.
[I-D.ietf-lamps-cms-sphincs-plus] defines the following public key
identifiers for Pure SLH-DSA:
pk-slh-dsa-sha2-128s PUBLIC-KEY ::= {
IDENTIFIER id-slh-dsa-sha2-128s
-- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping --
CERT-KEY-USAGE
{ digitalSignature, nonRepudiation, keyCertSign, cRLSign }
-- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- }
pk-slh-dsa-sha2-128f PUBLIC-KEY ::= {
IDENTIFIER id-slh-dsa-sha2-128f
-- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping --
CERT-KEY-USAGE
{ digitalSignature, nonRepudiation, keyCertSign, cRLSign }
-- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- }
pk-slh-dsa-sha2-192s PUBLIC-KEY ::= {
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IDENTIFIER id-slh-dsa-sha2-192s
-- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping --
CERT-KEY-USAGE
{ digitalSignature, nonRepudiation, keyCertSign, cRLSign }
-- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- }
pk-slh-dsa-sha2-192f PUBLIC-KEY ::= {
IDENTIFIER id-slh-dsa-sha2-192f
-- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping --
CERT-KEY-USAGE
{ digitalSignature, nonRepudiation, keyCertSign, cRLSign }
-- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- }
pk-slh-dsa-sha2-256s PUBLIC-KEY ::= {
IDENTIFIER id-slh-dsa-sha2-256s
-- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping --
CERT-KEY-USAGE
{ digitalSignature, nonRepudiation, keyCertSign, cRLSign }
-- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- }
pk-slh-dsa-sha2-256f PUBLIC-KEY ::= {
IDENTIFIER id-slh-dsa-sha2-256f
-- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping --
CERT-KEY-USAGE
{ digitalSignature, nonRepudiation, keyCertSign, cRLSign }
-- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- }
pk-slh-dsa-shake-128s PUBLIC-KEY ::= {
IDENTIFIER id-slh-dsa-shake-128s
-- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping --
CERT-KEY-USAGE
{ digitalSignature, nonRepudiation, keyCertSign, cRLSign }
-- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- }
pk-slh-dsa-shake-128f PUBLIC-KEY ::= {
IDENTIFIER id-slh-dsa-shake-128f
-- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping --
CERT-KEY-USAGE
{ digitalSignature, nonRepudiation, keyCertSign, cRLSign }
-- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- }
pk-slh-dsa-shake-192s PUBLIC-KEY ::= {
IDENTIFIER id-slh-dsa-shake-192s
-- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping --
CERT-KEY-USAGE
{ digitalSignature, nonRepudiation, keyCertSign, cRLSign }
-- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- }
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pk-slh-dsa-shake-192f PUBLIC-KEY ::= {
IDENTIFIER id-slh-dsa-shake-192f
-- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping --
CERT-KEY-USAGE
{ digitalSignature, nonRepudiation, keyCertSign, cRLSign }
-- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- }
pk-slh-dsa-shake-256s PUBLIC-KEY ::= {
IDENTIFIER id-slh-dsa-shake-256s
-- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping --
CERT-KEY-USAGE
{ digitalSignature, nonRepudiation, keyCertSign, cRLSign }
-- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- }
pk-slh-dsa-shake-256f PUBLIC-KEY ::= {
IDENTIFIER id-slh-dsa-shake-256f
-- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping --
CERT-KEY-USAGE
{ digitalSignature, nonRepudiation, keyCertSign, cRLSign }
-- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- }
SLH-DSA-PublicKey ::= OCTET STRING
SLH-DSA-PrivateKey ::= OCTET STRING
The public key identifiers for HashSLH-DSA are defined here:
pk-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-128s-with-sha256 PUBLIC-KEY ::= {
IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-128s-with-sha256
-- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping --
CERT-KEY-USAGE
{ digitalSignature, nonRepudiation }
-- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- }
pk-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-128f-with-sha256 PUBLIC-KEY ::= {
IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-128f-with-sha256
-- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping --
CERT-KEY-USAGE
{ digitalSignature, nonRepudiation }
-- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- }
pk-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-192s-with-sha512 PUBLIC-KEY ::= {
IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-192s-with-sha512
-- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping --
CERT-KEY-USAGE
{ digitalSignature, nonRepudiation }
-- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- }
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pk-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-192f-with-sha512 PUBLIC-KEY ::= {
IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-192f-with-sha512
-- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping --
CERT-KEY-USAGE
{ digitalSignature, nonRepudiation }
-- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- }
pk-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-256s-with-sha512 PUBLIC-KEY ::= {
IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-256s-with-sha512
-- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping --
CERT-KEY-USAGE
{ digitalSignature, nonRepudiation }
-- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- }
pk-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-256f-with-sha512 PUBLIC-KEY ::= {
IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-256f-with-sha512
-- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping --
CERT-KEY-USAGE
{ digitalSignature, nonRepudiation }
-- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- }
pk-hash-slh-dsa-shake-128s-with-shake128 PUBLIC-KEY ::= {
IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-shake-128s-with-shake128
-- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping --
CERT-KEY-USAGE
{ digitalSignature, nonRepudiation }
-- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- }
pk-hash-slh-dsa-shake-128f-with-shake128 PUBLIC-KEY ::= {
IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-shake-128f-with-shake128
-- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping --
CERT-KEY-USAGE
{ digitalSignature, nonRepudiation }
-- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- }
pk-hash-slh-dsa-shake-192s-with-shake256 PUBLIC-KEY ::= {
IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-shake-192s-with-shake256
-- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping --
CERT-KEY-USAGE
{ digitalSignature, nonRepudiation }
-- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- }
pk-hash-slh-dsa-shake-192f-with-shake256 PUBLIC-KEY ::= {
IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-shake-192f-with-shake256
-- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping --
CERT-KEY-USAGE
{ digitalSignature, nonRepudiation }
-- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- }
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pk-hash-slh-dsa-shake-256s-with-shake256 PUBLIC-KEY ::= {
IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-shake-256s-with-shake256
-- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping --
CERT-KEY-USAGE
{ digitalSignature, nonRepudiation }
-- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- }
pk-hash-slh-dsa-shake-256f-with-shake256 PUBLIC-KEY ::= {
IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-shake-256f-with-shake256
-- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping --
CERT-KEY-USAGE
{ digitalSignature, nonRepudiation }
-- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- }
Section 9.1 of [FIPS205] defines an SLH-DSA public key as two n-byte
elements, PK.seed and PK.root. The raw octet string encoding of an
SLH-DSA public key is the concatenation of these two elements, i.e.
PK.seed || PK.root. The octet string length is 2*n bytes, where n is
16, 24, or 32, depending on the SLH-DSA parameter set. When used in
a SubjectPublicKeyInfo type, the subjectPublicKey BIT STRING contains
the raw octet string encoding of the public key.
[I-D.ietf-lamps-cms-sphincs-plus] defines the SLH-DSA-PublicKey and
SLH-DSA-PrivateKey ASN.1 OCTET STRING types to provide an option for
encoding a Pure SLH-DSA public or private key in an environment that
uses ASN.1 encoding but doesn't define its own mapping of an SLH-DSA
raw octet string to ASN.1. HashSLH-DSA public and private keys can
use SLH-DSA-PublicKey and SLH-DSA-PrivateKey in the same way. To map
an SLH-DSA-PublicKey OCTET STRING to a SubjectPublicKeyInfo, the
OCTET STRING is mapped to the subjectPublicKey field (a value of type
BIT STRING) as follows: the most significant bit of the OCTET STRING
value becomes the most significant bit of the BIT STRING value, and
so on; the least significant bit of the OCTET STRING becomes the
least significant bit of the BIT STRING.
The AlgorithmIdentifier for an SLH-DSA public key MUST use one of the
id-slh-dsa-* or id-hash-slh-dsa-* object identifiers from Section 3.
The parameters field of the AlgorithmIdentifier for the SLH-DSA
public key MUST be absent.
Appendix C.1 contains an example of an id-slh-dsa-sha2-128s public
key encoded using the textual encoding defined in [RFC7468].
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6. Key Usage Bits
The intended application for the key is indicated in the keyUsage
certificate extension; see Section 4.2.1.3 of [RFC5280]. If the
keyUsage extension is present in a certificate that indicates an id-
slh-dsa-* (Pure SLH-DSA) identifier in the SubjectPublicKeyInfo, then
at least one of the following MUST be present:
digitalSignature; or
nonRepudiation; or
keyCertSign; or
cRLSign.
If the keyUsage extension is present in a certificate that indicates
an id-slh-dsa-* (Pure SLH-DSA) identifier in the
SubjectPublicKeyInfo, then the following MUST NOT be present:
keyEncipherment; or
dataEncipherment; or
keyAgreement; or
encipherOnly; or
decipherOnly.
If the keyUsage extension is present in a certificate that indicates
an id-hash-slh-dsa-* (HashSLH-DSA) identifier in the
SubjectPublicKeyInfo, then at least one of the following MUST be
present:
digitalSignature; or
nonRepudiation.
If the keyUsage extension is present in a certificate that indicates
an id-hash-slh-dsa-* (HashSLH-DSA) identifier in the
SubjectPublicKeyInfo, then the following MUST NOT be present:
keyCertSign; or
cRLSign; or
keyEncipherment; or
dataEncipherment; or
keyAgreement; or
encipherOnly; or
decipherOnly.
Requirements about the keyUsage extension bits defined in [RFC5280]
still apply.
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7. Private Key Format
"Asymmetric Key Packages" [RFC5958] describes how to encode a private
key in a structure that both identifies what algorithm the private
key is for and optionally allows for the public key and additional
attributes about the key to be included as well. For illustration,
the ASN.1 structure OneAsymmetricKey is replicated below.
OneAsymmetricKey ::= SEQUENCE {
version Version,
privateKeyAlgorithm PrivateKeyAlgorithmIdentifier,
privateKey PrivateKey,
attributes [0] IMPLICIT Attributes OPTIONAL,
...,
[[2: publicKey [1] IMPLICIT PublicKey OPTIONAL ]],
...
}
PrivateKey ::= OCTET STRING
PublicKey ::= BIT STRING
| The above syntax is from [RFC5958] and is compatible with the
| 2021 ASN.1 syntax [X680].
Section 9.1 of [FIPS205] defines an SLH-DSA private key as four
n-byte elements, SK.seed, SK.prf, PK.seed and PK.root. The raw octet
string encoding of an SLH-DSA private key is the concatenation of
these four elements, i.e. SK.seed || SK.prf || PK.seed || PK.root.
The octet string length is 4*n bytes, where n is 16, 24, or 32,
depending on the SLH-DSA parameter set. When used in a
OneAsymmetricKey type, the privateKey OCTET STRING contains the raw
octet string encoding of the private key.
When an SLH-DSA public key is included in a OneAsymmetricKey type, it
is encoded in the same manner as in a SubjectPublicKeyInfo type.
That is, the publicKey BIT STRING contains the raw octet string
encoding of the public key.
Appendix C.2 contains an example of an id-slh-dsa-sha2-128s private
key encoded using the textual encoding defined in [RFC7468].
NOTE: There exist some private key import functions that have not
picked up the new ASN.1 structure OneAsymmetricKey that is defined in
[RFC5958]. This means that they will not accept a private key
structure that contains the public key field. This means a balancing
act needs to be done between being able to do a consistency check on
the key pair and widest ability to import the key.
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8. Security Considerations
The security considerations of [RFC5280] apply accordingly.
Implementations MUST protect the private keys. Compromise of the
private keys may result in the ability to forge signatures.
When generating an SLH-DSA key pair, an implementation MUST generate
each key pair independently of all other key pairs in the SLH-DSA
hypertree.
An SLH-DSA tree MUST NOT be used for more than 2^64 signing
operations.
The generation of private keys relies on random numbers. The use of
inadequate pseudo-random number generators (PRNGs) to generate these
values can result in little or no security. An attacker may find it
much easier to reproduce the PRNG environment that produced the keys,
searching the resulting small set of possibilities, rather than brute
force searching the whole key space. The generation of quality
random numbers is difficult, and [RFC4086] offers important guidance
in this area.
Implementers SHOULD consider their particular use cases and may
choose to implement OPTIONAL fault attack countermeasures
[CMP2018],[Ge2023]. Verifying a signature before releasing the
signature value is a typical fault attack countermeasure; however,
this countermeasure is not effective for SLH-DSA [Ge2023].
Redundancy by replicating the signature generation process can be
used as an effective fault attack countermeasure for SLH-DSA
[Ge2023]; however, the SLH-DSA signature generation is already
considered slow.
Likewise, Implementers SHOULD consider their particular use cases and
may choose to implement protections against passive power and
emissions side-channel attacks [SLotH].
9. IANA Considerations
For the ASN.1 Module in the Appendix of this document, IANA is
requested to assign an object identifier (OID) for the module
identifier (TBD1) with a Description of "id-mod-x509-slh-dsa-2024".
The OID for the module should be allocated in the "SMI Security for
PKIX Module Identifier" registry (1.3.6.1.5.5.7.0).
10. References
10.1. Normative References
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[CSOR] NIST, "Computer Security Objects Register", 20 August
2024, <https://csrc.nist.gov/projects/computer-security-
objects-register/algorithm-registration>.
[FIPS205] "Stateless Hash-Based Digital Signature Standard",
National Institute of Standards and Technology,
DOI 10.6028/nist.fips.205, August 2024,
<https://doi.org/10.6028/nist.fips.205>.
[I-D.ietf-lamps-cms-sphincs-plus]
Housley, R., Fluhrer, S., Kampanakis, P., and B.
Westerbaan, "Use of the SLH-DSA Signature Algorithm in the
Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS)", Work in Progress,
Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-lamps-cms-sphincs-plus-16, 18
November 2024, <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/
draft-ietf-lamps-cms-sphincs-plus-16>.
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2119>.
[RFC5280] Cooper, D., Santesson, S., Farrell, S., Boeyen, S.,
Housley, R., and W. Polk, "Internet X.509 Public Key
Infrastructure Certificate and Certificate Revocation List
(CRL) Profile", RFC 5280, DOI 10.17487/RFC5280, May 2008,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5280>.
[RFC5958] Turner, S., "Asymmetric Key Packages", RFC 5958,
DOI 10.17487/RFC5958, August 2010,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5958>.
[RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8174>.
[X680] ITU-T, "Information technology - Abstract Syntax Notation
One (ASN.1): Specification of basic notation", ITU-T
Recommendation X.680, ISO/IEC 8824-1:2021, February 2021,
<https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-X.680>.
[X690] ITU-T, "Information technology - Abstract Syntax Notation
One (ASN.1): ASN.1 encoding rules: Specification of Basic
Encoding Rules (BER), Canonical Encoding Rules (CER) and
Distinguished Encoding Rules (DER)", ITU-T
Recommendation X.690, ISO/IEC 8825-1:2021, February 2021,
<https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-X.690>.
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10.2. Informative References
[CMP2018] Castelnovi, L., A, Martinelli, and T. Prest, "Grafting
Trees: A Fault Attack Against the SPHINCS Framework",
Lecture Notes in Computer Science vol 10786,
PQCrypto 2018, Post-Quantum Cryptography pp. 165-184,
2018, <https://link.springer.com/
chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-79063-3_8>.
[FIPS180] Dang, Q. H. and NIST, "Secure Hash Standard", NIST Federal
Information Processing Standards Publications 180-4,
DOI 10.6028/NIST.FIPS.180-4, July 2015,
<https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/FIPS/
NIST.FIPS.180-4.pdf>.
[FIPS202] Dworkin, M., Dworkin, M. J., and NIST, "SHA-3 Standard:
Permutation-Based Hash and Extendable-Output Functions",
FIPS PUB 202, NIST Federal Information Processing
Standards Publications 202, DOI 10.6028/nist.fips.202,
DOI 10.6028/NIST.FIPS.202, August 2015,
<http://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/FIPS/NIST.FIPS.202.pdf>.
[Ge2023] Genêt, A., "On Protecting SPHINCS+ Against Fault Attacks",
TCHES 2023/02, n.d.,
<https://doi.org/10.46586/tches.v2023.i2.80-114>.
[I-D.ietf-lamps-dilithium-certificates]
Massimo, J., Kampanakis, P., Turner, S., and B.
Westerbaan, "Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure:
Algorithm Identifiers for ML-DSA", Work in Progress,
Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-lamps-dilithium-certificates-
05, 4 November 2024,
<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-lamps-
dilithium-certificates-05>.
[NIST-PQC] National Institute of Standards and Technology, "Post-
Quantum Cryptography Project", 20 December 2016,
<https://csrc.nist.gov/projects/post-quantum-
cryptography>.
[RFC4086] Eastlake 3rd, D., Schiller, J., and S. Crocker,
"Randomness Requirements for Security", BCP 106, RFC 4086,
DOI 10.17487/RFC4086, June 2005,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc4086>.
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[RFC5912] Hoffman, P. and J. Schaad, "New ASN.1 Modules for the
Public Key Infrastructure Using X.509 (PKIX)", RFC 5912,
DOI 10.17487/RFC5912, June 2010,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5912>.
[RFC7468] Josefsson, S. and S. Leonard, "Textual Encodings of PKIX,
PKCS, and CMS Structures", RFC 7468, DOI 10.17487/RFC7468,
April 2015, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7468>.
[RFC8410] Josefsson, S. and J. Schaad, "Algorithm Identifiers for
Ed25519, Ed448, X25519, and X448 for Use in the Internet
X.509 Public Key Infrastructure", RFC 8410,
DOI 10.17487/RFC8410, August 2018,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8410>.
[RFC8411] Schaad, J. and R. Andrews, "IANA Registration for the
Cryptographic Algorithm Object Identifier Range",
RFC 8411, DOI 10.17487/RFC8411, August 2018,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8411>.
[SLotH] Saarinen, M-J., "Accelerating SLH-DSA by Two Orders of
Magnitude with a Single Hash Unit", 2024,
<https://eprint.iacr.org/2024/367.pdf>.
Appendix A. ASN.1 Module
This appendix includes the ASN.1 module [X680] for SLH-DSA. Note
that as per [RFC5280], certificates use the Distinguished Encoding
Rules; see [X690]. This module imports objects from [RFC5912] and
[I-D.ietf-lamps-cms-sphincs-plus].
| RFC EDITOR: Please replace TBD2 with the value assigned by IANA
| during the publication of [I-D.ietf-lamps-cms-sphincs-plus].
| Also please replace [I-D.ietf-lamps-cms-sphincs-plus] in the
| module with a reference to the published RFC.
<CODE BEGINS>
X509-SLH-DSA-Module-2024
{ iso(1) identified-organization(3) dod(6) internet(1) security(5)
mechanisms(5) pkix(7) id-mod(0) id-mod-x509-slh-dsa-2024(TBD1) }
DEFINITIONS IMPLICIT TAGS ::= BEGIN
EXPORTS ALL;
IMPORTS
PUBLIC-KEY, SIGNATURE-ALGORITHM
FROM AlgorithmInformation-2009 -- in [RFC5912]
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{ iso(1) identified-organization(3) dod(6) internet(1)
security(5) mechanisms(5) pkix(7) id-mod(0)
id-mod-algorithmInformation-02(58) }
pk-slh-dsa-sha2-128s, pk-slh-dsa-sha2-128f,
pk-slh-dsa-sha2-192s, pk-slh-dsa-sha2-192f,
pk-slh-dsa-sha2-256s, pk-slh-dsa-sha2-256f,
pk-slh-dsa-shake-128s, pk-slh-dsa-shake-128f,
pk-slh-dsa-shake-192s, pk-slh-dsa-shake-192f,
pk-slh-dsa-shake-256s, pk-slh-dsa-shake-256f,
sa-slh-dsa-sha2-128s, sa-slh-dsa-sha2-128f,
sa-slh-dsa-sha2-192s, sa-slh-dsa-sha2-192f,
sa-slh-dsa-sha2-256s, sa-slh-dsa-sha2-256f,
sa-slh-dsa-shake-128s, sa-slh-dsa-shake-128f,
sa-slh-dsa-shake-192s, sa-slh-dsa-shake-192f,
sa-slh-dsa-shake-256s, sa-slh-dsa-shake-256f
FROM SLH-DSA-Module-2024 -- in [I-D.ietf-lamps-cms-sphincs-plus]
{ iso(1) member-body(2) us(840) rsadsi(113549) pkcs(1) pkcs9(9)
id-smime(16) id-mod(0) id-mod-slh-dsa-2024(TBD2) } ;
--
-- HashSLH-DSA object identifiers from [CSOR]
--
nistAlgorithms OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { joint-iso-itu-t(2)
country(16) us(840) organization(1) gov(101) csor(3) 4 }
sigAlgs OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { nistAlgorithms 3 }
id-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-128s-with-sha256 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {
sigAlgs 35 }
id-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-128f-with-sha256 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {
sigAlgs 36 }
id-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-192s-with-sha512 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {
sigAlgs 37 }
id-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-192f-with-sha512 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {
sigAlgs 38 }
id-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-256s-with-sha512 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {
sigAlgs 39 }
id-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-256f-with-sha512 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {
sigAlgs 40 }
id-hash-slh-dsa-shake-128s-with-shake128 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {
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sigAlgs 41 }
id-hash-slh-dsa-shake-128f-with-shake128 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {
sigAlgs 42 }
id-hash-slh-dsa-shake-192s-with-shake256 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {
sigAlgs 43 }
id-hash-slh-dsa-shake-192f-with-shake256 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {
sigAlgs 44 }
id-hash-slh-dsa-shake-256s-with-shake256 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {
sigAlgs 45 }
id-hash-slh-dsa-shake-256f-with-shake256 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {
sigAlgs 46 }
--
-- HashSLH-DSA public key identifiers
--
pk-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-128s-with-sha256 PUBLIC-KEY ::= {
IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-128s-with-sha256
-- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping --
CERT-KEY-USAGE
{ digitalSignature, nonRepudiation }
-- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- }
pk-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-128f-with-sha256 PUBLIC-KEY ::= {
IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-128f-with-sha256
-- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping --
CERT-KEY-USAGE
{ digitalSignature, nonRepudiation }
-- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- }
pk-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-192s-with-sha512 PUBLIC-KEY ::= {
IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-192s-with-sha512
-- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping --
CERT-KEY-USAGE
{ digitalSignature, nonRepudiation }
-- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- }
pk-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-192f-with-sha512 PUBLIC-KEY ::= {
IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-192f-with-sha512
-- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping --
CERT-KEY-USAGE
{ digitalSignature, nonRepudiation }
-- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- }
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pk-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-256s-with-sha512 PUBLIC-KEY ::= {
IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-256s-with-sha512
-- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping --
CERT-KEY-USAGE
{ digitalSignature, nonRepudiation }
-- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- }
pk-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-256f-with-sha512 PUBLIC-KEY ::= {
IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-256f-with-sha512
-- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping --
CERT-KEY-USAGE
{ digitalSignature, nonRepudiation }
-- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- }
pk-hash-slh-dsa-shake-128s-with-shake128 PUBLIC-KEY ::= {
IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-shake-128s-with-shake128
-- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping --
CERT-KEY-USAGE
{ digitalSignature, nonRepudiation }
-- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- }
pk-hash-slh-dsa-shake-128f-with-shake128 PUBLIC-KEY ::= {
IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-shake-128f-with-shake128
-- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping --
CERT-KEY-USAGE
{ digitalSignature, nonRepudiation }
-- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- }
pk-hash-slh-dsa-shake-192s-with-shake256 PUBLIC-KEY ::= {
IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-shake-192s-with-shake256
-- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping --
CERT-KEY-USAGE
{ digitalSignature, nonRepudiation }
-- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- }
pk-hash-slh-dsa-shake-192f-with-shake256 PUBLIC-KEY ::= {
IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-shake-192f-with-shake256
-- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping --
CERT-KEY-USAGE
{ digitalSignature, nonRepudiation }
-- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- }
pk-hash-slh-dsa-shake-256s-with-shake256 PUBLIC-KEY ::= {
IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-shake-256s-with-shake256
-- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping --
CERT-KEY-USAGE
{ digitalSignature, nonRepudiation }
-- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- }
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pk-hash-slh-dsa-shake-256f-with-shake256 PUBLIC-KEY ::= {
IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-shake-256f-with-shake256
-- KEY no ASN.1 wrapping --
CERT-KEY-USAGE
{ digitalSignature, nonRepudiation }
-- PRIVATE-KEY no ASN.1 wrapping -- }
--
-- HashSLH-DSA signature algorithm identifiers
--
-- EDNOTE: we did not include the optional SMIME-CAPS because
-- HashSLH-DSA is not defined for use in CMS. Is this correct
-- or should we still include SMIME-CAPS?
sa-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-128s-with-sha256 SIGNATURE-ALGORITHM ::= {
IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-128s-with-sha256
PARAMS ARE absent
PUBLIC-KEYS { pk-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-128s-with-sha256 } }
sa-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-128f-with-sha256 SIGNATURE-ALGORITHM ::= {
IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-128f-with-sha256
PARAMS ARE absent
PUBLIC-KEYS { pk-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-128f-with-sha256 } }
sa-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-192s-with-sha512 SIGNATURE-ALGORITHM ::= {
IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-192s-with-sha512
PARAMS ARE absent
PUBLIC-KEYS { pk-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-192s-with-sha512 } }
sa-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-192f-with-sha512 SIGNATURE-ALGORITHM ::= {
IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-192f-with-sha512
PARAMS ARE absent
PUBLIC-KEYS { pk-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-192f-with-sha512 } }
sa-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-256s-with-sha512 SIGNATURE-ALGORITHM ::= {
IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-256s-with-sha512
PARAMS ARE absent
PUBLIC-KEYS { pk-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-256s-with-sha512 } }
sa-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-256f-with-sha512 SIGNATURE-ALGORITHM ::= {
IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-256f-with-sha512
PARAMS ARE absent
PUBLIC-KEYS { pk-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-256f-with-sha512 } }
sa-hash-slh-dsa-shake-128s-with-shake128 SIGNATURE-ALGORITHM ::= {
IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-shake-128s-with-shake128
PARAMS ARE absent
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PUBLIC-KEYS { pk-hash-slh-dsa-shake-128s-with-shake128 } }
sa-hash-slh-dsa-shake-128f-with-shake128 SIGNATURE-ALGORITHM ::= {
IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-shake-128f-with-shake128
PARAMS ARE absent
PUBLIC-KEYS { pk-hash-slh-dsa-shake-128f-with-shake128 } }
sa-hash-slh-dsa-shake-192s-with-shake256 SIGNATURE-ALGORITHM ::= {
IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-shake-192s-with-shake256
PARAMS ARE absent
PUBLIC-KEYS { pk-hash-slh-dsa-shake-192s-with-shake256 } }
sa-hash-slh-dsa-shake-192f-with-shake256 SIGNATURE-ALGORITHM ::= {
IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-shake-192f-with-shake256
PARAMS ARE absent
PUBLIC-KEYS { pk-hash-slh-dsa-shake-192f-with-shake256 } }
sa-hash-slh-dsa-shake-256s-with-shake256 SIGNATURE-ALGORITHM ::= {
IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-shake-256s-with-shake256
PARAMS ARE absent
PUBLIC-KEYS { pk-hash-slh-dsa-shake-256s-with-shake256 } }
sa-hash-slh-dsa-shake-256f-with-shake256 SIGNATURE-ALGORITHM ::= {
IDENTIFIER id-hash-slh-dsa-shake-256f-with-shake256
PARAMS ARE absent
PUBLIC-KEYS { pk-hash-slh-dsa-shake-256f-with-shake256 } }
--
-- Expand SignatureAlgorithms from RFC 5912
--
SignatureAlgorithms SIGNATURE-ALGORITHM ::= {
sa-slh-dsa-sha2-128s |
sa-slh-dsa-sha2-128f |
sa-slh-dsa-sha2-192s |
sa-slh-dsa-sha2-192f |
sa-slh-dsa-sha2-256s |
sa-slh-dsa-sha2-256f |
sa-slh-dsa-shake-128s |
sa-slh-dsa-shake-128f |
sa-slh-dsa-shake-192s |
sa-slh-dsa-shake-192f |
sa-slh-dsa-shake-256s |
sa-slh-dsa-shake-256f |
sa-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-128s-with-sha256 |
sa-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-128f-with-sha256 |
sa-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-192s-with-sha512 |
sa-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-192f-with-sha512 |
sa-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-256s-with-sha512 |
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sa-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-256f-with-sha512 |
sa-hash-slh-dsa-shake-128s-with-shake128 |
sa-hash-slh-dsa-shake-128f-with-shake128 |
sa-hash-slh-dsa-shake-192s-with-shake256 |
sa-hash-slh-dsa-shake-192f-with-shake256 |
sa-hash-slh-dsa-shake-256s-with-shake256 |
sa-hash-slh-dsa-shake-256f-with-shake256,
... }
--
-- Expand PublicKeyAlgorithms from RFC 5912
--
PublicKeyAlgorithms PUBLIC-KEY ::= {
pk-slh-dsa-sha2-128s |
pk-slh-dsa-sha2-128f |
pk-slh-dsa-sha2-192s |
pk-slh-dsa-sha2-192f |
pk-slh-dsa-sha2-256s |
pk-slh-dsa-sha2-256f |
pk-slh-dsa-shake-128s |
pk-slh-dsa-shake-128f |
pk-slh-dsa-shake-192s |
pk-slh-dsa-shake-192f |
pk-slh-dsa-shake-256s |
pk-slh-dsa-shake-256f |
pk-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-128s-with-sha256 |
pk-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-128f-with-sha256 |
pk-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-192s-with-sha512 |
pk-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-192f-with-sha512 |
pk-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-256s-with-sha512 |
pk-hash-slh-dsa-sha2-256f-with-sha512 |
pk-hash-slh-dsa-shake-128s-with-shake128 |
pk-hash-slh-dsa-shake-128f-with-shake128 |
pk-hash-slh-dsa-shake-192s-with-shake256 |
pk-hash-slh-dsa-shake-192f-with-shake256 |
pk-hash-slh-dsa-shake-256s-with-shake256 |
pk-hash-slh-dsa-shake-256f-with-shake256,
... }
END
<CODE ENDS>
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Appendix B. Security Strengths
Instead of defining the strength of a quantum algorithm in a
traditional manner using precise estimates of the number of bits of
security, NIST defined a collection of broad security strength
categories. Each category is defined by a comparatively easy-to-
analyze reference primitive that cover a range of security strengths
offered by existing NIST standards in symmetric cryptography, which
NIST expects to offer significant resistance to quantum
cryptanalysis. These categories describe any attack that breaks the
relevant security definition that must require computational
resources comparable to or greater than those required for: Level 1 -
key search on a block cipher with a 128-bit key (e.g., AES128), Level
2 - collision search on a 256-bit hash function (e.g., SHA256/
SHA3-256), Level 3 - key search on a block cipher with a 192-bit key
(e.g., AES192), Level 4 - collision search on a 384-bit hash function
(e.g. SHA384/SHA3-384), Level 5 - key search on a block cipher with
a 256-bit key (e.g., AES 256).
The SLH-DSA parameter sets defined for NIST security levels 1, 3 and
5 are listed in Table 1, along with the resulting signature size,
public key, and private key sizes in bytes. The HashSLH-DSA
parameter sets have the same values as the Pure SLH-DSA equivalents.
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+=======================+============+=======+==========+=======+
| OID | NIST Level | Sig. | Pub. Key | Priv. |
| | | | | Key |
+=======================+============+=======+==========+=======+
| id-slh-dsa-sha2-128s | 1 | 7856 | 32 | 64 |
+-----------------------+------------+-------+----------+-------+
| id-slh-dsa-sha2-128f | 1 | 17088 | 32 | 64 |
+-----------------------+------------+-------+----------+-------+
| id-slh-dsa-sha2-192s | 3 | 16224 | 48 | 96 |
+-----------------------+------------+-------+----------+-------+
| id-slh-dsa-sha2-192f | 3 | 35664 | 48 | 96 |
+-----------------------+------------+-------+----------+-------+
| id-slh-dsa-sha2-256s | 5 | 29792 | 64 | 128 |
+-----------------------+------------+-------+----------+-------+
| id-slh-dsa-sha2-256f | 5 | 49856 | 64 | 128 |
+-----------------------+------------+-------+----------+-------+
| id-slh-dsa-shake-128s | 1 | 7856 | 32 | 64 |
+-----------------------+------------+-------+----------+-------+
| id-slh-dsa-shake-128f | 1 | 17088 | 32 | 64 |
+-----------------------+------------+-------+----------+-------+
| id-slh-dsa-shake-192s | 3 | 16224 | 48 | 96 |
+-----------------------+------------+-------+----------+-------+
| id-slh-dsa-shake-192f | 3 | 35664 | 48 | 96 |
+-----------------------+------------+-------+----------+-------+
| id-slh-dsa-shake-256s | 5 | 29792 | 64 | 128 |
+-----------------------+------------+-------+----------+-------+
| id-slh-dsa-shake-256f | 5 | 49856 | 64 | 128 |
+-----------------------+------------+-------+----------+-------+
Table 1: SLH-DSA security strengths
Appendix C. Examples
This appendix contains examples of SLH-DSA public keys, private keys
and certificates.
C.1. Example Public Key
An example of a SLH-DSA public key using id-slh-dsa-sha2-128s:
-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
MDAwCwYJYIZIAWUDBAMUAyEAK4EJ7Hd8qk4fAkzPz5SX2ZGAUJKA9CVq8rB6+AKJ
tJQ=
-----END PUBLIC KEY-----
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0 48: SEQUENCE {
2 11: SEQUENCE {
4 9: OBJECT IDENTIFIER '2 16 840 1 101 3 4 3 20'
: }
15 33: BIT STRING
: 2B 81 09 EC 77 7C AA 4E 1F 02 4C CF CF 94 97 D9
: 91 80 50 92 80 F4 25 6A F2 B0 7A F8 02 89 B4 94
: }
C.2. Example Private Key
An example of a SLH-DSA private key without the public key using id-
slh-dsa-sha2-128s:
-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
MFICAQAwCwYJYIZIAWUDBAMUBECiJjvKRYYINlIxYASVI9YhZ3+tkNUetgZ6Mn4N
HmSlASuBCex3fKpOHwJMz8+Ul9mRgFCSgPQlavKwevgCibSU
-----END PRIVATE KEY-----
0 82: SEQUENCE {
2 1: INTEGER 0
5 11: SEQUENCE {
7 9: OBJECT IDENTIFIER '2 16 840 1 101 3 4 3 20'
: }
18 64: OCTET STRING
: A2 26 3B CA 45 86 08 36 52 31 60 04 95 23 D6 21
: 67 7F AD 90 D5 1E B6 06 7A 32 7E 0D 1E 64 A5 01
: 2B 81 09 EC 77 7C AA 4E 1F 02 4C CF CF 94 97 D9
: 91 80 50 92 80 F4 25 6A F2 B0 7A F8 02 89 B4 94
: }
C.3. Example Certificate
An example of a self-signed SLH-DSA certificate using id-slh-dsa-
sha2-128s:
Certificate:
Data:
Version: 3 (0x2)
Serial Number:
43:85:63:a2:69:01:99:2c:39:cf:bc:40:57:1b:5f:a3:
cc:c7:88:45
Signature Algorithm: slhdsa_sha2_128s
Issuer: C=FR, L=Paris, O=Bogus SLH-DSA-SHA2-128s CA
Validity
Not Before: Oct 16 13:42:12 2024 GMT
Not After : Oct 14 13:42:12 2034 GMT
Subject: C=FR, L=Paris, O=Bogus SLH-DSA-SHA2-128s CA
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Subject Public Key Info:
Public Key Algorithm: slhdsa_sha2_128s
slhdsa_sha2_128s public key:
PQ key material:
2b:81:09:ec:77:7c:aa:4e:1f:02:4c:cf:cf:94:97:
d9:91:80:50:92:80:f4:25:6a:f2:b0:7a:f8:02:89:
b4:94
X509v3 extensions:
X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
CD:59:36:AA:FE:C4:11:C7:A4:72:69:3F:0B:E8:B3:8B:
21:7B:19:ED
X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
CD:59:36:AA:FE:C4:11:C7:A4:72:69:3F:0B:E8:B3:8B:
21:7B:19:ED
X509v3 Basic Constraints: critical
CA:TRUE
X509v3 Key Usage: critical
Certificate Sign, CRL Sign
Signature Algorithm: slhdsa_sha2_128s
Signature Value:
aa:a0:51:de:b0:c3:14:d0:cd:fb:12:46:a2:31:20:c9:ed:ab:
3f:dc:57:a5:fb:45:f6:f0:3b:7f:e3:5a:8c:b5:87:1e:1f:0b:
15:9f:aa:56:68:43:7e:ea:23:05:21:d1:33:cb:84:61:55:7e:
39:74:18:3c:ea:8e:01:a4:8d:9a:fb:35:74:69:c9:62:35:7f:
0e:34:01:1c:90:41:97:13:ff:c5:a4:65:ae:0f:bf:9b:32:d2:
2a:2c:97:86:2d:49:eb:ba:ae:9a:70:e7:35:67:3f:0a:7e:3a:
dd:0b:66:4e:f8:45:b2:e6:d8:70:ab:fb:72:60:eb:85:ae:62:
3c:a4:bf:3c:7a:e5:dd:4a:24:e2:4e:d0:b5:3b:c3:ac:e9:26:
f8:6c:ca:3b:e1:46:15:7f:18:c5:41:40:90:73:b9:19:63:86:
23:3a:b2:7f:12:3a:5f:bb:c3:10:6c:4e:b2:62:ee:3b:4b:c5:
e2:69:24:74:3e:6e:81:e2:68:48:c8:27:25:bc:b2:ac:da:a8:
ae:75:5a:5c:09:22:1c:be:95:0a:0b:5e:0c:08:49:42:3a:0d:
2d:fb:89:3b:b3:15:de:ee:e7:b2:5e:1f:a6:f0:4a:f6:65:c1:
5d:5e:05:7a:6d:2a:e7:c2:c3:20:37:ce:ab:0f:6c:ea:c9:39:
f3:28:d1:75:81:31:7f:01:e2:09:c8:56:81:50:cf:4e:fa:82:
1a:60:3e:87:bf:61:ca:a0:40:27:95:bf:f8:4f:04:b1:fd:1f:
7f:ce:29:fa:15:5c:ef:94:9a:f6:f0:0c:7f:09:7f:ec:b6:36:
26:83:69:aa:2d:69:9e:17:7a:15:aa:9b:51:43:c1:90:7c:c9:
69:3a:5a:b1:ee:77:c9:28:e7:21:d8:93:0a:80:19:9c:5e:b7:
61:5f:14:6c:9a:00:22:aa:4d:b8:86:03:b5:83:4a:e9:f3:5a:
76:cc:a3:3b:e4:13:94:f7:56:96:56:33:dd:19:d9:3d:8d:55:
ab:99:e5:00:24:f7:ff:f4:ee:08:47:8d:43:b3:f4:e3:3a:d5:
12:ef:04:00:99:62:a1:5e:cd:5f:9f:90:f3:c2:8e:35:9b:8a:
46:ec:54:4e:13:20:59:5f:63:d9:61:b1:e2:c4:36:d2:e5:27:
56:1f:53:59:9c:24:ec:6a:79:2b:1d:6a:f2:93:38:d8:eb:7a:
cd:d7:8a:c8:98:d4:87:61:bf:79:3c:2a:64:42:0f:5b:15:b4:
bd:c0:c7:c4:de:20:4c:bb:d8:0f:61:2e:aa:67:e1:a7:ff:0d:
b7:dd:05:cf:5c:cb:0c:46:26:e0:d9:48:cb:45:76:27:88:51:
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78:d2:25:2b:4b:e2:6e:01:81:d4:12:ff:40:ff:e0:d7:90:29:
85:80:e6:4a:f5:5b:32:6c:b7:05:1c:20:27:e0:98:57:80:e7:
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71:f1:54:8d:1f:4f:33:70:cc:07:f8:03:70:be:8c:81:e1:5d:
73:c1:9c:be:7c:3d:69:c0:cc:72:90:cf:65:38:35:71:16:ae:
1d:e2:a6:08:c8:7b:dd:c0:30:f4:b4:2a:45:fc:05:e6:1c:ef:
af:f3:53:03:2f:76:b5:7b:f1:a9:7d:16:33:b1:b5:c2:4f:9b:
55:7b:0d:22:f6:08:4b:38:b2:67:4e:d9:f8:f1:65:03:d6:5a:
1f:1f:8b:cb:da:78:fc:7b:52:a5:d7:1b:35:b2:cd:06:7e:1e:
1d:8b:60:40:91:74:2f:91:c9:c6:c7:c4:01:f5:2f:10:c2:ea:
ab:84:f6:f6:2e:fc:77:c1:85:28:90:a5:11:dc:ed:07:78:c2:
74:9c:60:86:69:40:3c:17:9b:3a:e5:e8:65:22:c2:7f:d9:88:
be:43:6a:31:90:d5:23:37:eb:93:70:e4:bc:34:94:4f:af:a4:
c1:6f:f3:30:1b:c6:e1:f5:f1:d8:7b:a4:4e:6e:69:be:82:d0:
80:a8:ae:99:44:e1:d6:fa:45:e5:05:a5:52:0a:5d:60:17:3a:
1e:2e:dd:2e:b4:86:93:31:93:0f:ca:5f:05:52:8e:31:15:e8:
8b:30:88:33:d7:da:91:52:40:3c:d7:18:bc:72:8d:88:b2:65:
c5:fe:0a:7c:50:44:7e:0f:b6:52:53:8b:28:fc:5b:fa:93:54:
36:ca:e1:c1:6b:7f:46:13:de:05:7d:be:33:8d:67:52:ba:6d:
af:4b:ee:01:0b:c7:56:21:7d:16:bd:19:83:90:c8:14:51:8b:
fb:83:c1:a5:ca:69:5a:ae:d9:f1:a7:dc:f7:53:9f:f6:a3:43:
94:fb:38:86:1f:2a:0f:50:cf:8d:bc:36:51:ce:8e:af:80:fe:
b5:80:f8:43:73:ea:3a:d7:a2:a4:b6:73:3a:5a:6b:48:a7:31:
a3:d3:42:3a:fc:2e:b0:29:d2:67:8a:9a:d1:26:95:08:0b:61:
3f:71:ee:b1:96:f4:49:0c:d7:3b:50:61:6c:15:ca:31:31:dc:
0d:fc:d8:5f:a1:26:d3:e2:43:cd:13:39:4a:50:2d:64:57:bf:
02:a8:5c:54:4a:d4:37:45:f2:09:fd:cf:53:67:19:e9:92:a4:
cd:1b:82:09:2c:4d:29:30:80:c1:23:8b:ca:1c:38:c6:11:8f:
a2:3c:2c:7f:86:25:c9:fe:a3:1a:fc:82:ab:69:e9:b5:37:b1:
0e:9a:99:10:cd:a7:b6:52:9f:c6:e4:6e:08:f1:90:cd:14:b8:
c2:e0:a9:58:2e:8a:4c:52:df:d5:ee:8a:57:ce:82:57:a6:89:
0f:74:20:4c:22:1d:02:c9:04:52:68:78:f3:59:c9:c3:60:85:
92:01:30:75:a0:eb:29:2b:66:55:b7:48:4a:df:8f:ba:df:a8:
bc:d9:45:5c:eb:04:a8:c3:94:b6:bb:1d:05:19:48:9b:ae:8d:
63:2d:ba:d6:d3:5e:e5:7a:40:b6:05:74:a1:b0:7a:b7:d7:b4:
67:d6:d6:ac:f5:05:6f:53:45:a6:ed:e0:0c:b3:0c:32:c6:89:
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43:e8:40:b3:57:29:00:70:00:af:58:b0:75:83:9e:b9:4b:5b:
39:f1:7f:3f:89:8d:1d:0b:1a:78:4d:e5:8c:e6:07:86:75:23:
1b:14:1f:cd:04:4d:98:d1:cd:f5:4f:1d:00:55:fb:f8:c7:92:
f5:ee:5e:c5:f3:24:84:22:ee:11:48:91:4b:51:f7:87:a8:9c:
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80:0d:f4:30:a9:0d:53:e6:71:52:f9:7e:f4:02:24:e5:b4:21:
0b:bc:13:2e:67:00:bd:64:54:8b:82:b4:64:f8:52:46:b2:f2:
37:5d:32:49:8a:be:19:4e:21:a7:cc:9a:19:29:c9:57:aa:fe:
db:4a:ef:e0:a1:06:1a:5f:58:4c:97:ae:fe:ac:16:a0:e3:a7:
60:ef:b6:bf:80:67:35:c8:6c:fe:11:16:18:bd:04:90:32:b6:
75:64:13:55:b2:2e:c6:df:2f:b7:35:d6:3c:f1:ab:4c:1e:da:
c2:4f:fc:24:f2:92:ce:64:dd:ef:70:7a:ae:26:07:01:61:9f:
e6:2e:fe:e4:35:8c:d5:ee:e2:be:fd:3b:8f:c4:dc:5c:50:4c:
5a:2e:aa:14:c4:0e:b5:81:13:55:d0:85:81:16:3d:ce:03:f0:
2b:25:39:b6:f9:ce:ff:c0:f5:4d:77:60:86:03:25:ff:dd:57:
cb:fd:28:fd:e2:8e:bb:7c:fb:49:46:9c:2c:0e:34:74:cf:d2:
b8:45:be:fd:c1:2a:6b:8e:30:48:c3:a7:41:67:04:78:68:9d:
81:1c:35:f4:93:5a:1f:47:ab:3a:34:5e:4e:2d:43:2b:f4:52:
bc:58:34:52:15:53:36:19:c9:b0:bc:57:7c:95:b3:86:ee:7e:
68:9f:73:b2:09:30:4f:f8:90:ae:0b:8d:f4:f4:d1:47:1b:e8:
d1:03:85:92:2d:8a:60:ab:30:f3:ea:26:5e:37:e9:90:b6:2d:
f6:08:1f:bc:fd:13:5a:fd:a9:29:7c:ab:58:10:d9:6d:3b:27:
75:31:f4:74:a8:e8:70:00:a3:63:f1:8c:b4:97:22:2b:d0:f8:
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ce:df:12:15:83:b6:26:2a:f9:4e:22:18:ca:69:7d:e3:68:86:
08:40:fa:45:1b:a5:3d:63:a1:aa:19:ca:83:3d:2e:4b:13:4d:
58:26:62:f2:ef:3c:6b:13:cc:99:95:21:c2:c7:f5:af:08:ef:
a0:21:1a:4b:e9:f4:1c:4d:46:72:88:22:8b:aa:b5:dc:fe:3b:
e6:8d:b9:51:8d:45:f4:70:13:68:a2:2b:0a:9c:82:16:64:fc:
3a:5a:2a:19:a6:fe:92:34:65:e2:6a:9c:a5:93:24:21:b4:b6:
50:b8:04:31:02:1c:df:4f:b8:9c:b6:3b:19:66:26:aa:c0:33:
fd:9b:fb:02:2f:c8:07:8c:1f:66:8a:f6:f3:c5:0b:74:ce:75:
c4:94:34:80:60:53:c1:42:09:2d:21:fb:25:b4:ff:c1:00:30:
f1:c8:ad:ce:62:c6:1d:d7:94:cc:0f:7b:2a:00:be:b3:f3:c8:
3f:e5:88:af:6d:19:90:31:71:96:d6:8c:5b:34:b8:85:b5:42:
f2:fb:17:a0:83:bb:6a:61:86:f0:ef:1f:db:ce:00:2f:90:aa:
ee:07:97:59:56:85:96:1c:97:6b:ca:d4:7d:9a:bd:dc:01:52:
dd:1c:bc:82:5e:81:08:91:36:85:7f:3e:12:63:59:aa:03:10:
b3:03:2d:ad:17:7d:61:91:d6:e1:b9:2e:39:54:27:8a:a4:91:
87:ba:33:54:28:52:0d:46:f0:e7:63:40:6d:15:76:11:51:28:
1b:5f:94:ea:30:6f:00:34:a6:d8:42:c4:32:a0:36:1b:55:04:
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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
Acknowledgments
Much of the structure and text of this document is based on [RFC8410]
and [I-D.ietf-lamps-dilithium-certificates]. The remainder comes
from [I-D.ietf-lamps-cms-sphincs-plus]. Thanks to those authors, and
the ones they based their work on, for making our work easier.
"Copying always makes things easier and less error prone" -
[RFC8411].
Authors' Addresses
Kaveh Bashiri
BSI
Email: kaveh.bashiri.ietf@gmail.com
Scott Fluhrer
Cisco Systems
Email: sfluhrer@cisco.com
Stefan-Lukas Gazdag
genua GmbH
Email: ietf@gazdag.de
Daniel Van Geest
CryptoNext Security
Email: daniel.vangeest@cryptonext-security.com
Stavros Kousidis
BSI
Email: kousidis.ietf@gmail.com
Bashiri, et al. Expires 26 May 2025 [Page 41]