Generic YANG Data Model for Connection-Oriented Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) Protocols
draft-ietf-lime-yang-connection-oriented-oam-model-07
The information below is for an old version of the document that is already published as an RFC.
| Document | Type |
This is an older version of an Internet-Draft that was ultimately published as RFC 8531.
|
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Authors | Deepak Kumar , Qin Wu , Zitao Wang | ||
| Last updated | 2020-01-20 (Latest revision 2018-02-25) | ||
| Replaces | draft-ietf-lime-yang-oam-model | ||
| RFC stream | Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) | ||
| Intended RFC status | Proposed Standard | ||
| Formats | |||
| Yang Validation | ☯ 0 errors, 0 warnings | ||
| Reviews |
GENART Last Call review
(of
-05)
by Paul Kyzivat
Ready w/nits
YANGDOCTORS Early review
(of
-03)
by Carl Moberg
On the Right Track
|
||
| Additional resources |
Yang catalog entry for ietf-connection-oriented-oam@2018-02-07.yang
Yang impact analysis for draft-ietf-lime-yang-connection-oriented-oam-model Mailing list discussion |
||
| Stream | WG state | Submitted to IESG for Publication | |
| Document shepherd | Ron Bonica | ||
| Shepherd write-up | Show Last changed 2017-12-27 | ||
| IESG | IESG state | Became RFC 8531 (Proposed Standard) | |
| Action Holders |
(None)
|
||
| Consensus boilerplate | Yes | ||
| Telechat date | (None) | ||
| Responsible AD | Benoît Claise | ||
| Send notices to | rbonica@juniper.net | ||
| IANA | IANA review state | IANA OK - Actions Needed | |
| IANA action state | RFC-Ed-Ack |
draft-ietf-lime-yang-connection-oriented-oam-model-07
Network Working Group D. Kumar
Internet-Draft Cisco
Intended status: Standards Track Q. Wu
Expires: August 29, 2018 M. Wang
Huawei
February 25, 2018
Generic YANG Data Model for Connection Oriented Operations,
Administration, and Maintenance(OAM) protocols
draft-ietf-lime-yang-connection-oriented-oam-model-07
Abstract
This document presents a base YANG Data model for connection-oriented
Operations, Administration, and Maintenance(OAM) protocols. It
provides a technology-independent abstraction of key OAM constructs
for such protocols. The model presented here can be extended to
include technology specific details. This guarantees uniformity in
the management of OAM protocols and provides support for nested OAM
workflows (i.e., performing OAM functions at different levels through
a unified interface).
The YANG model in this document conforms to the Network Management
Datastore Architecture.
Status of This Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute
working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-
Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.
Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
This Internet-Draft will expire on August 29, 2018.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2018 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
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This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
(https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
publication of this document. Please review these documents
carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must
include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
described in the Simplified BSD License.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Conventions used in this document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.1. Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.2. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.3. Tree Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3. Architecture of Generic YANG Model for connection-oriented
OAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4. Overview of the Connection-Oriented OAM YANG Model . . . . . 7
4.1. Maintenance Domain (MD) configuration . . . . . . . . . . 8
4.2. Maintenance Association (MA) configuration . . . . . . . 9
4.3. Maintenance Endpoint (MEP) configuration . . . . . . . . 9
4.4. RPC definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.5. Notifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4.6. Monitor statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4.7. OAM data hierarchy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
5. OAM YANG Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
6. Base Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
6.1. MEP Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
6.2. MEP ID for Base Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
6.3. Maintenance Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
7. Connection-oriented OAM YANG model applicability . . . . . . 42
7.1. Generic YANG Model extension for TRILL OAM . . . . . . . 42
7.1.1. MD Configuration Extension . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
7.1.2. MA Configuration Extension . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
7.1.3. MEP Configuration Extension . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
7.1.4. RPC extension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
7.2. Generic YANG Model extension for MPLS-TP OAM . . . . . . 45
7.2.1. MD Configuration Extension . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
7.2.2. MA Configuration Extension . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
7.2.3. MEP Configuration Extension . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
8. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
9. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
10. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
11. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
11.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
11.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
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Appendix A. Contributors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
1. Introduction
Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) are important
networking functions that allow operators to:
1. Monitor network connections (Connectivity Verification,
Continuity Check).
2. Troubleshoot failures (Fault verification and localization).
3. Monitor Performance
An overview of OAM tools is presented in [RFC7276]. Over the years,
many technologies have developed similar tools for fault and
performance management.
The different sets of OAM tools may support both connection-oriented
technologies or connectionless technologies. In connection-oriented
technologies, a connection is established prior to the transmission
of data. After the connection is established, no additional control
information such as signaling or operations and maintenance
information is required to transmit the actual user data. In
connectionless technologies, data is typically sent between
communicating end points without prior arrangement, but control
information is required to identify the destination (e.g., [G.800] ).
The YANG Data model for OAM protocols using connectionless
communications is specified in
[I-D.ietf-lime-yang-connectionless-oam].
[IEEE802.1Q] Connectivity Fault Management is a well-established OAM
standard that is widely adopted for Ethernet networks. ITU-T
[G.8013], MEF Service OAM [MEF-17], MPLS-TP [RFC6371]and TRILL
[RFC7455] all define OAM mechanisms based on the manageability frame
work of CFM [IEEE802.1Q].
Given the wide adoption of the underlying OAM concepts defined in CFM
[IEEE802.1Q], it is a reasonable choice to develop the unified
management framework for connection-oriented OAM based on those
concepts. In this document, we take the CFM [IEEE802.1Q] model and
extend it to a technology independent framework and define the
corresponding YANG model accordingly. The YANG model presented in
this document is the base model for connection-oriented OAM protocols
and supports generic continuity check, connectivity verification and
path discovery (traceroute). The generic YANG model for connection-
oriented OAM is designed to be extensible to other connection-
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oriented technologies. Technology dependent nodes and remote process
call (RPC) commands are defined in technology specific YANG models,
which use and extend the base model defined here. As an example,
VXLAN uses source UDP port number for flow entropy, while TRILL uses
either MAC addresses, the VLAN tag or fine grain label, and/or IP
addresses for flow entropy in the hashing for multipath selection.
To capture this variation, corresponding YANG models would define the
applicable structures as augmentation to the generic base model
presented here. This accomplishes three goals: First it keeps each
YANG model smaller and more manageable. Second, it allows
independent development of corresponding YANG models. Third,
implementations can limit support to only the applicable set of YANG
models. (e.g. TRILL RBridge may only need to implement Generic model
and the TRILL YANG model).
The YANG data model presented in this document is generated at the
management layer. Encapsulations and state machines may differ
according to each OAM protocol. A user who wishes to issues a
Continuity Check command or a Loopback or initiate a performance
monitoring session can do so in the same manner regardless of the
underlying protocol or technology or specific vendor implementation.
As an example, consider a scenario where connectivity from device A
loopback to device B fails. Between device A and B there are IEEE
802.1 bridges a, b and c. Let's assume a,b and c are using CFM
[IEEE802.1Q]. A user upon detecting the loopback failure, may decide
to drill down to the lower level at different segments of the path
and issue the corresponding fault verification (LBM) and fault
isolation (LTM) tools, using the same API. This ability to drill
down to a lower layer of the protocol stack at a specific segment
within a path for fault localization and troubleshooting is referred
to as "nested OAM workflow". It is a useful concept that leads to
efficient network troubleshooting and maintenance workflows. The
connection-oriented OAM YANG model presented in this document
facilitates that without needing changes to the underlying protocols.
The YANG model in this document conforms to the Network Management
Datastore Architecture defined in
[I-D.ietf-netmod-revised-datastores].
2. Conventions used in this document
The keywords "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
"OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
BCP14, [RFC2119], [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
capitals, as shown here.
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Many of the terms used in this document (including those set out in
Section 2.1 and Section 2.2) are specific to the world of OAM. This
document does not attempt to explain the terms, but does assume that
the reader is familiar with the concepts. For a good overview, read
[IEEE802.1Q]. For an example of how these OAM terms appear in IETF
work, see [RFC6371].
2.1. Abbreviations
CCM - Continuity Check Message [IEEE802.1Q].
ECMP - Equal Cost Multipath.
LBM - Loopback Message [IEEE802.1Q].
LTM - Linktrace Message [IEEE802.1Q].
MP - Maintenance Point [IEEE802.1Q].
MEP - Maintenance End Point [RFC7174] (Maintenance association End
Point [IEEE802.1Q], MEG End Points [RFC6371]).
MIP - Maintenance Intermediate Point [RFC7174] (Maintenance domain
Intermediate Point [IEEE802.1Q], MEG Intermediate Point
[RFC6371]).
MA - Maintenance Association [IEEE802.1Q] [RFC7174].
MD - Maintenance Domain [IEEE802.1Q]
MEG - Maintenance Entity Group [RFC6371]
MTV - Multi-destination Tree Verification Message.
OAM - Operations, Administration, and Maintenance [RFC6291].
TRILL - Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links [RFC6325].
CFM - Connectivity Fault Management [RFC7174] [IEEE802.1Q].
RPC - Remote Process Call.
CC - Continuity Check [RFC7276].
CV - Connectivity Verification [RFC7276].
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2.2. Terminology
Continuity Checks - Continuity Checks are used to verify that a
destination is reachable and therefore also referred to as
reachability verification.
Connectivity Verification - Connectivity Verification is used to
verify that a destination is connected. It is also referred to as
path verification and used to verify not only that the two MPs are
connected, but also that they are connected through the expected
path, allowing detection of unexpected topology changes.
Proactive OAM - The proactive OAM refers to OAM actions which are
carried out continuously to permit proactive reporting of fault.
Proactive OAM method requires persistent configuration.
On-demand OAM - The on-demand OAM refers to OAM actions which are
initiated via manual intervention for a limited time to carry out
diagnostics. The on-demand OAM method requires only transient
configuration.
2.3. Tree Diagrams
Tree diagrams used in this document follow the notation defined in
[I-D.ietf-netmod-yang-tree-diagrams].
3. Architecture of Generic YANG Model for connection-oriented OAM
In this document we define a generic YANG model for connection-
oriented OAM protocols. The YANG model defined here is generic in a
sense that other technologies can extend it for technology-specific
needs. The Generic YANG model for connection-oriented OAM acts as
the root for other OAM YANG models. This allows users to traverse
between different OAM protocols with ease through a uniform API set.
This also enables a nested OAM workflow. Figure 1 depicts the
relationship of different OAM YANG models to the Generic YANG Model
for connection-oriented OAM. The Generic YANG model for connection-
oriented OAM provides a framework where technology-specific YANG
models can inherit constructs from the base YANG models without
needing to redefine them within the sub-technology.
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+----------+
|Connection|
| Oriented |
| gen |
|OAM YANG |
+-+-+-+-+-++
|
|
|
+------------------------------------------+
| | |
+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+
| TRILL | | MPLS-TP | . . .| foo |
|OAM YANG | |OAM YANG | |OAM YANG |
+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+
| | |
| | +-+-+-+-+-+
| | . . .| foo |
| | |sub tech |
| | +-+-+-+-+-+
| | |
| | |
+-------------------------------------------------------+
| Uniform API |
+-------------------------------------------------------+
Relationship of OAM YANG model to generic (base) YANG model
4. Overview of the Connection-Oriented OAM YANG Model
In this document we adopt the concepts of the CFM [IEEE802.1Q] model
and structure it such that it can be adapted to different connection-
oriented OAM protocols.
At the top of the Model is the Maintenance Domain. Each Maintenance
Domain is associated with a Maintenance Name and a Domain Level.
Under each Maintenance Domain there is one or more Maintenance
Associations (MA). In TRILL, the MA can correspond to Fine-Grained
Label.
Under each MA, there can be two or more MEPs (Maintenance End
Points). MEPs are addressed by their respective technology specific
address identifiers. The YANG model presented here provides
flexibility to accommodate different addressing schemes.
In the management protocol direction orthogonal to the Maintenance
Domain, presented are the commands. Those, in YANG terms, are the
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RPC commands. These RPC commands provide uniform APIs for continuity
check, connectivity verification, path discovery(traceroute) and
their equivalents as well as other OAM commands.
The OAM entities in the generic YANG model defined here will be
either explicitly or implicitly configured using any of the OAM
tools. The OAM tools used here are limited to the OAM toolset
specified in section 5.1 of [RFC7276]. In order to facilitate zero-
touch experience, this document defines a default mode of OAM. The
default mode of OAM is referred to as the Base Mode and specifies
default values for each of model parameters, such as Maintenance
Domain Level, Name of the Maintenance Association, Addresses of MEPs
and so on. The default values of these depend on the technology.
Base Mode for TRILL is defined in [RFC7455]. Base mode for other
technologies and future extensions developed in IETF will be defined
in their corresponding documents.
It is important to note that, no specific enhancements are needed in
the YANG model to support Base Mode. Implementations that comply
with this document, by default implement the data nodes of the
applicable technology. Data nodes of the Base Mode are read-only
nodes.
4.1. Maintenance Domain (MD) configuration
The container "domains" is the top level container within the gen-oam
module. Within the container "domains", a separate list is
maintained per MD. The MD list uses the key "md-name-string" for
indexing. The "md-name-string" is a leaf and derived from type
string. Additional name formats as defined in [IEEE802.1Q] or other
standards can be included by association of the "md-name-format" with
an identity-ref. The "md-name-format" indicates the format of the
augmented "md-name". The "md-name" is presented as choice/case
construct. Thus, it is easily augmentable by derivative work.
module: ietf-connection-oriented-oam
+--rw domains
+--rw domain* [technology md-name-string]
+--rw technology identityref
+--rw md-name-string md-name-string
+--rw md-name-format? identityref
+--rw (md-name)?
| +--:(md-name-null)
| +--rw md-name-null? empty
+--rw md-level? md-level
Snippet of data hierarchy related to OAM domains
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4.2. Maintenance Association (MA) configuration
Within a given Maintenance Domain there can be one or more
Maintenance Associations (MA(s)). MAs are represented as a list and
indexed by the "ma-name-string". Similar to "md-name" defined
previously, additional name formats can be added by augmenting the
name-format identity-ref and adding applicable case statements to
"ma-name".
module: ietf-connection-oriented-oam
+--rw domains
+--rw domain* [technology md-name-string]
.
.
+--rw mas
+--rw ma* [ma-name-string]
+--rw ma-name-string ma-name-string
+--rw ma-name-format? identityref
+--rw (ma-name)?
| +--:(ma-name-null)
| +--rw ma-name-null? empty
Snippet of data hierarchy related to Maintenance Associations (MA)
4.3. Maintenance Endpoint (MEP) configuration
Within a given Maintenance Association (MA), there can be one or more
Maintenance End Points (MEP). MEPs are represented as a list within
the data hierarchy and indexed by the key "mep-name".
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module: ietf-connection-oriented-oam
+--rw domains
+--rw domain* [technology md-name-string]
+--rw technology identityref
.
.
+--rw mas
+--rw ma* [ma-name-string]
.
.
+--rw mep* [mep-name]
| +--rw mep-name mep-name
| +--rw (mep-id)?
| | +--:(mep-id-int)
| | +--rw mep-id-int? int32
| +--rw mep-id-format? identityref
| +--rw (mep-address)?
| | +--:(mac-address)
| | | +--rw mac-address? yang:mac-address
| | +--:(ip-address)
| | +--rw ip-address? inet:ip-address
. .
. .
. .
Snippet of data hierarchy related to Maintenance Endpoint (MEP)
4.4. RPC definitions
The RPC model facilitates issuing commands to a "server" (in this
case to the device that need to execute the OAM command) and
obtaining a response. RPC model defined here abstracts OAM specific
commands in a technology independent manner.
There are several RPC commands defined for the purpose of OAM. In
this section we present a snippet of the continuity check command for
illustration purposes. Please refer to Section 4.5 for the complete
data hierarchy and Section 5 for the YANG model.
module: ietf-connection-oriented-oam
+--rw domains
+--rw domain* [technology md-name-string]
+--rw technology identityref
.
.
rpcs:
+---x continuity-check {continuity-check}?
| +---w input
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| | +---w technology? identityref
| | +---w md-name-string -> /domains/domain/md-name-string
| | +---w md-level? -> /domains/domain/md-level
| | +---w ma-name-string -> /domains/domain/mas/ma/ma-name-string
| | +---w cos-id? uint8
| | +---w ttl? uint8
| | +---w sub-type? identityref
| | +---w source-mep? -> /domains/domain/mas/ma/mep/mep-name
| | +---w destination-mep
| | | +---w (mep-address)?
| | | | +--:(mac-address)
| | | | | +---w mac-address? yang:mac-address
| | | | +--:(ip-address)
| | | | +---w ip-address? inet:ip-address
| | | +---w (mep-id)?
| | | | +--:(mep-id-int)
| | | | +---w mep-id-int? int32
| | | +---w mep-id-format? identityref
| | +---w count? uint32
| | +---w cc-transmit-interval? time-interval
| | +---w packet-size? uint32
| +--ro output
| +--ro (monitor-stats)?
| +--:(monitor-null)
| +--ro monitor-null? empty
+---x continuity-verification {connectivity-verification}?
| +---w input
| | +---w md-name-string -> /domains/domain/md-name-string
| | +---w md-level? -> /domains/domain/md-level
| | +---w ma-name-string -> /domains/domain/mas/ma/ma-name-string
| | +---w cos-id? uint8
| | +---w ttl? uint8
| | +---w sub-type? identityref
| | +---w source-mep? -> /domains/domain/mas/ma/mep/mep-name
| | +---w destination-mep
| | | +---w (mep-address)?
| | | | +--:(mac-address)
| | | | | +---w mac-address? yang:mac-address
| | | | +--:(ip-address)
| | | | +---w ip-address? inet:ip-address
| | | +---w (mep-id)?
| | | | +--:(mep-id-int)
| | | | +---w mep-id-int? int32
| | | +---w mep-id-format? identityref
| | +---w count? uint32
| | +---w interval? time-interval
| | +---w packet-size? uint32
| +--ro output
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| +--ro (monitor-stats)?
| +--:(monitor-null)
| +--ro monitor-null? empty
+---x traceroute {traceroute}?
+---w input
| +---w md-name-string -> /domains/domain/md-name-string
| +---w md-level? -> /domains/domain/md-level
| +---w ma-name-string -> /domains/domain/mas/ma/ma-name-string
| +---w cos-id? uint8
| +---w ttl? uint8
| +---w command-sub-type? identityref
| +---w source-mep? -> /domains/domain/mas/ma/mep/mep-name
| +---w destination-mep
| | +---w (mep-address)?
| | | +--:(mac-address)
| | | | +---w mac-address? yang:mac-address
| | | +--:(ip-address)
| | | +---w ip-address? inet:ip-address
| | +---w (mep-id)?
| | | +--:(mep-id-int)
| | | +---w mep-id-int? int32
| | +---w mep-id-format? identityref
| +---w count? uint32
| +---w interval? time-interval
+--ro output
+--ro response* [response-index]
+--ro response-index uint8
+--ro ttl? uint8
+--ro destination-mep
| +--ro (mep-address)?
| | +--:(mac-address)
| | | +--ro mac-address? yang:mac-address
| | +--:(ip-address)
| | +--ro ip-address? inet:ip-address
| +--ro (mep-id)?
| | +--:(mep-id-int)
| | +--ro mep-id-int? int32
| +--ro mep-id-format? identityref
+--ro mip {mip}?
| +--ro interface? if:interface-ref
| +--ro (mip-address)?
| +--:(mac-address)
| | +--ro mac-address? yang:mac-address
| +--:(ip-address)
| +--ro ip-address? inet:ip-address
+--ro (monitor-stats)?
+--:(monitor-null)
+--ro monitor-null? empty
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Snippet of data hierarchy related to RPC call continuity-check
4.5. Notifications
Notification is sent on detecting defect condition and on clearing
defect with Maintenance Domain Name, MA Name, defect-type (The
currently active defects), generating-mepid, and defect-message to
indicate more details.
4.6. Monitor statistics
Grouping for monitoring statistics is to be used by technology
specific YANG modules which Augment Generic YANG Model to provide
statistics due to pro-active OAM like CCM Messages. For example CCM
Transmit, CCM Receive, CCM Errors, etc.
4.7. OAM data hierarchy
The complete data hierarchy related to the connection-oriented OAM
YANG model is presented below.
module: ietf-connection-oriented-oam
+--rw domains
+--rw domain* [technology md-name-string]
+--rw technology identityref
+--rw md-name-string md-name-string
+--rw md-name-format? identityref
+--rw (md-name)?
| +--:(md-name-null)
| +--rw md-name-null? empty
+--rw md-level? md-level
+--rw mas
+--rw ma* [ma-name-string]
+--rw ma-name-string ma-name-string
+--rw ma-name-format? identityref
+--rw (ma-name)?
| +--:(ma-name-null)
| +--rw ma-name-null? empty
+--rw (connectivity-context)?
| +--:(context-null)
| +--rw context-null? empty
+--rw cos-id? uint8
+--rw cc-enable? boolean
+--rw mep* [mep-name]
| +--rw mep-name mep-name
| +--rw (mep-id)?
| | +--:(mep-id-int)
| | +--rw mep-id-int? int32
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| +--rw mep-id-format? identityref
| +--rw (mep-address)?
| | +--:(mac-address)
| | | +--rw mac-address? yang:mac-address
| | +--:(ip-address)
| | +--rw ip-address? inet:ip-address
| +--rw cos-id? uint8
| +--rw cc-enable? boolean
| +--rw session* [session-cookie]
| +--rw session-cookie uint32
| +--rw destination-mep
| | +--rw (mep-id)?
| | | +--:(mep-id-int)
| | | +--rw mep-id-int? int32
| | +--rw mep-id-format? identityref
| +--rw destination-mep-address
| | +--rw (mep-address)?
| | +--:(mac-address)
| | | +--rw mac-address? yang:mac-address
| | +--:(ip-address)
| | +--rw ip-address? inet:ip-address
| +--rw cos-id? uint8
+--rw mip* [name] {mip}?
+--rw name string
+--rw interface? if:interface-ref
+--rw (mip-address)?
+--:(mac-address)
| +--rw mac-address? yang:mac-address
+--:(ip-address)
+--rw ip-address? inet:ip-address
rpcs:
+---x continuity-check {continuity-check}?
| +---w input
| | +---w technology? identityref
| | +---w md-name-string -> /domains/domain/md-name-string
| | +---w md-level? -> /domains/domain/md-level
| | +---w ma-name-string -> /domains/domain/mas/ma/ma-name-string
| | +---w cos-id? uint8
| | +---w ttl? uint8
| | +---w sub-type? identityref
| | +---w source-mep? -> /domains/domain/mas/ma/mep/mep-name
| | +---w destination-mep
| | | +---w (mep-address)?
| | | | +--:(mac-address)
| | | | | +---w mac-address? yang:mac-address
| | | | +--:(ip-address)
| | | | +---w ip-address? inet:ip-address
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| | | +---w (mep-id)?
| | | | +--:(mep-id-int)
| | | | +---w mep-id-int? int32
| | | +---w mep-id-format? identityref
| | +---w count? uint32
| | +---w cc-transmit-interval? time-interval
| | +---w packet-size? uint32
| +--ro output
| +--ro (monitor-stats)?
| +--:(monitor-null)
| +--ro monitor-null? empty
+---x continuity-verification {connectivity-verification}?
| +---w input
| | +---w md-name-string -> /domains/domain/md-name-string
| | +---w md-level? -> /domains/domain/md-level
| | +---w ma-name-string -> /domains/domain/mas/ma/ma-name-string
| | +---w cos-id? uint8
| | +---w ttl? uint8
| | +---w sub-type? identityref
| | +---w source-mep? -> /domains/domain/mas/ma/mep/mep-name
| | +---w destination-mep
| | | +---w (mep-address)?
| | | | +--:(mac-address)
| | | | | +---w mac-address? yang:mac-address
| | | | +--:(ip-address)
| | | | +---w ip-address? inet:ip-address
| | | +---w (mep-id)?
| | | | +--:(mep-id-int)
| | | | +---w mep-id-int? int32
| | | +---w mep-id-format? identityref
| | +---w count? uint32
| | +---w interval? time-interval
| | +---w packet-size? uint32
| +--ro output
| +--ro (monitor-stats)?
| +--:(monitor-null)
| +--ro monitor-null? empty
+---x traceroute {traceroute}?
+---w input
| +---w md-name-string -> /domains/domain/md-name-string
| +---w md-level? -> /domains/domain/md-level
| +---w ma-name-string -> /domains/domain/mas/ma/ma-name-string
| +---w cos-id? uint8
| +---w ttl? uint8
| +---w command-sub-type? identityref
| +---w source-mep? -> /domains/domain/mas/ma/mep/mep-name
| +---w destination-mep
| | +---w (mep-address)?
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| | | +--:(mac-address)
| | | | +---w mac-address? yang:mac-address
| | | +--:(ip-address)
| | | +---w ip-address? inet:ip-address
| | +---w (mep-id)?
| | | +--:(mep-id-int)
| | | +---w mep-id-int? int32
| | +---w mep-id-format? identityref
| +---w count? uint32
| +---w interval? time-interval
+--ro output
+--ro response* [response-index]
+--ro response-index uint8
+--ro ttl? uint8
+--ro destination-mep
| +--ro (mep-address)?
| | +--:(mac-address)
| | | +--ro mac-address? yang:mac-address
| | +--:(ip-address)
| | +--ro ip-address? inet:ip-address
| +--ro (mep-id)?
| | +--:(mep-id-int)
| | +--ro mep-id-int? int32
| +--ro mep-id-format? identityref
+--ro mip {mip}?
| +--ro interface? if:interface-ref
| +--ro (mip-address)?
| +--:(mac-address)
| | +--ro mac-address? yang:mac-address
| +--:(ip-address)
| +--ro ip-address? inet:ip-address
+--ro (monitor-stats)?
+--:(monitor-null)
+--ro monitor-null? empty
notifications:
+---n defect-condition-notification
| +--ro technology? identityref
| +--ro md-name-string -> /domains/domain/md-name-string
| +--ro ma-name-string -> /domains/domain/mas/ma/ma-name-string
| +--ro mep-name? -> /domains/domain/mas/ma/mep/mep-name
| +--ro defect-type? identityref
| +--ro generating-mepid
| | +--ro (mep-id)?
| | | +--:(mep-id-int)
| | | +--ro mep-id-int? int32
| | +--ro mep-id-format? identityref
| +--ro (defect)?
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| +--:(defect-null)
| | +--ro defect-null? empty
| +--:(defect-code)
| +--ro defect-code? int32
+---n defect-cleared-notification
+--ro technology? identityref
+--ro md-name-string -> /domains/domain/md-name-string
+--ro ma-name-string -> /domains/domain/mas/ma/ma-name-string
+--ro mep-name? -> /domains/domain/mas/ma/mep/mep-name
+--ro defect-type? identityref
+--ro generating-mepid
| +--ro (mep-id)?
| | +--:(mep-id-int)
| | +--ro mep-id-int? int32
| +--ro mep-id-format? identityref
+--ro (defect)?
+--:(defect-null)
| +--ro defect-null? empty
+--:(defect-code)
+--ro defect-code? int32
data hierarchy of OAM
5. OAM YANG Module
This module imports typedefs from [RFC6991] and [I-D.ietf-netmod-
rfc7223bis], and it references [RFC6371],[RFC6905], [RFC7276].
RFC Ed.: update the date below with the date of RFC publication and
remove this note.
<CODE BEGINS> file "ietf-connection-oriented-oam@2018-02-07.yang"
module ietf-connection-oriented-oam {
yang-version 1.1;
namespace "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-connection-oriented-oam";
prefix co-oam;
import ietf-yang-types {
prefix yang;
}
import ietf-inet-types {
prefix inet;
}
import ietf-interfaces {
prefix if;
}
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organization
"IETF LIME Working Group";
contact
"WG Web: http://tools.ietf.org/wg/lime
WG List: mailto:lime@ietf.org
Editor: Deepak Kumar dekumar@cisco.com
Editor: Qin Wu bill.wu@huawei.com
Editor: Zitao Wang wangzitao@huawei.com";
description
"This YANG module defines the generic configuration,
statistics and rpc for connection oriented OAM
to be used within IETF in a protocol independent manner.
Functional level abstraction is independent
with YANG modeling. It is assumed that each protocol
maps corresponding abstracts to its native format.
Each protocol may extend the YANG model defined
here to include protocol specific extensions
Copyright (c) 2018 IETF Trust and the persons identified as
authors of the code. All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or
without modification, is permitted pursuant to, and subject
to the license terms contained in, the Simplified BSD License
set forth in Section 4.c of the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions
Relating to IETF Documents
(http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info).
This version of this YANG module is part of RFC XXXX; see
the RFC itself for full legal notices.";
revision 2018-02-07 {
description
"Initial revision.";
reference
"RFC xxxx: Generic YANG Data Model for Connection
Oriented OAM protocols";
}
feature connectivity-verification {
description
"This feature indicates that the server supports
executing connectivity verification OAM command and
returning a response. Servers that do not advertise
this feature will not support executing
connectivity verification command or rpc model for
connectivity verification command.";
}
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feature continuity-check {
description
"This feature indicates that the server supports
executing continuity check OAM command and
returning a response. Servers that do not advertise
this feature will not support executing
continuity check command or rpc model for
continuity check command.";
}
feature traceroute {
description
"This feature indicates that the server supports
executing traceroute OAM command and
returning a response. Servers that do not advertise
this feature will not support executing
traceroute command or rpc model for
traceroute command.";
}
feature mip {
description
"This feature indicates that the Maintenance
Intermediate Point(MIP) needs to be explicit configured";
}
identity technology-types {
description
"This is the base identity of technology types which are
TRILL, MPLS-TP, etc";
}
identity command-sub-type {
description
"Defines different rpc command subtypes,
e.g rfc6905 trill OAM, this is optional for most cases";
reference
"RFC 6905: Requirements for OAM in Transparent
Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL)";
}
identity on-demand {
base command-sub-type;
description
"On demand activation - indicates that the tool is activated
manually to detect a specific anomaly.
On-demand OAM method requires only transient configuration.";
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reference
"RFC 7276: An Overview of Operations, Administration, and
Maintenance (OAM) Tools";
}
identity proactive {
base command-sub-type;
description
"Proactive activation - indicates that the tool is activated on a
continual basis, where messages are sent periodically, and errors
are detected when a certain number of expected messages are not
received. Proactive OAM method requires persistent
configuration.";
reference
"RFC 7276: An Overview of Operations, Administration, and
Maintenance (OAM) Tools";
}
identity name-format {
description
"This defines the name format, IEEE 8021ag CFM defines varying
styles of names. It is expected name format as an identity ref
to be extended with new types.";
}
identity name-format-null {
base name-format;
description
"Defines name format as null";
}
identity identifier-format {
description
"Identifier-format identity can be augmented to define other
format identifiers used in MEP-ID etc";
}
identity identifier-format-integer {
base identifier-format;
description
"Defines identifier-format to be integer";
}
identity defect-types {
description
"Defines different defect types, e.g.
Remote Defect Indication (rdi), loss of continuity";
}
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identity rdi {
base defect-types;
description
"The Remote Defect Indication (rdi) indicates the
aggregate health of the remote Maintenance End Points (MEPs).";
}
identity remote-mep-defect {
base defect-types;
description
"Indicates that one or more of the remote
Maintenance End Points(MEPs)is reporting a failure ";
}
identity loss-of-continuity {
base defect-types;
description
"Indicate there is no proactive Continuity Check (CC)
OAM packets from the source Maintenance End Point
(MEP) (and in the case of Connectivity
Verification , this includes the
requirement to have the expected unique,
technology dependent source MEP
identifier) received within the interval.";
reference
"RFC 6371: Operations, Administration, and Maintenance
Framework for MPLS-Based Transport Networks";
}
identity cv-defect {
base defect-types;
description
"This function should support monitoring between
the Maintenance End Points (MEPs) and,
in addition, between a MEP and Maintenance Intermediate
Point (MIP). When performing Connectivity Verification,
the need for the Continuity Check and Connectivity
Verification (CC-V) messages to include unique
identification of the MEG that is being monitored and
the MEP that originated the message.";
reference
"RFC 6371: Operations, Administration, and Maintenance
Framework for MPLS-Based Transport Networks";
}
identity invalid-oam-defect {
base defect-types;
description
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"Indicates that one or more invalid OAM messages has been
received and that 3.5 times that OAM message transmission
interval has not yet expired.";
}
identity cross-connect-defect {
base defect-types;
description
"Indicates that one or more cross-connect defect
(for example, a service ID does not match the VLAN.)
messages has been received and that 3.5 times that OAM message
transmission interval has not yet expired.";
}
typedef mep-name {
type string;
description
"Generic administrative name for a Maintenance End Point
(MEP).";
}
typedef time-interval {
type decimal64 {
fraction-digits 2;
}
units "milliseconds";
description
"Time interval between packets in milliseconds.
Time interval should not be less than 0.
0 means no packets are sent.";
}
typedef md-name-string {
type string;
description
"Generic administrative name for Maintenance Domain (MD).";
}
typedef ma-name-string {
type string;
description
"Generic administrative name for a
Maintenance Association (MA).";
}
typedef oam-counter32 {
type yang:zero-based-counter32;
description
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"Define 32 bit counter for OAM.";
}
typedef md-level {
type uint32 {
range "0..255";
}
description
"Maintenance Domain level. The level may be restricted in
certain protocols (e.g., protocol in layer 0 to layer 7).";
}
grouping maintenance-domain-reference {
description
"This grouping uniquely identifies a maintenance domain.";
leaf maintenance-domain {
type leafref {
path "/co-oam:domains/co-oam:domain/co-oam:md-name-string";
}
description
"A reference to a specific Maintenance Domain.";
}
}
grouping maintenance-association-reference {
description
"This grouping uniquely identifies a
maintenance association. It consists
of a maintence-domain-reference and
a maintenance-association leafref";
uses maintenance-domain-reference;
leaf maintenance-association {
type leafref {
path "/co-oam:domains/co-oam:domain[co-oam:md-name-string "
+"= current()/../maintenance-domain]/co-oam:mas"
+"/co-oam:ma/co-oam:ma-name-string";
}
description
"A reference to a specific Maintenance Association.";
}
}
grouping maintenance-association-end-point-reference {
description
"This grouping uniquely identifies
a maintenance association. It consists
of a maintence-association-reference and
a maintenance-association-end-point leafref";
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uses maintenance-association-reference;
leaf maintenance-association-end-point {
type leafref {
path "/co-oam:domains/co-oam:domain[co-oam:md-name-string "
+"= current()/../maintenance-domain]/co-oam:mas"
+"/co-oam:ma[co-oam:ma-name-string = "
+"current()/../maintenance-association]"
+"/co-oam:mep/co-oam:mep-name";
}
description
"A reference to a specific Maintenance
association End Point.";
}
}
grouping time-to-live {
leaf ttl {
type uint8;
description
"Time to Live.";
}
description
"Time to Live grouping.";
}
grouping defect-message {
choice defect {
case defect-null {
description
"This is a placeholder when no defect status is needed";
leaf defect-null {
type empty;
description
"There is no defect to be defined, it will be defined in
technology specific model.";
}
}
case defect-code {
description
"This is a placeholder to display defect code.";
leaf defect-code {
type int32;
description
"Defect code is integer value specific to a technology.";
}
}
description
"Defect Message choices.";
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}
description
"Defect Message.";
}
grouping mep-address {
choice mep-address {
default ip-address;
case mac-address {
leaf mac-address {
type yang:mac-address;
description
"MAC Address.";
}
description
"MAC Address based Maintenance End Point (MEP) Addressing.";
}
case ip-address {
leaf ip-address {
type inet:ip-address;
description
"IP Address.";
}
description
"IP Address based Maintenance End Point(MEP) Addressing.";
}
description
"Maintenance End Point (MEP) Addressing.";
}
description
"Grouping for Maintenance End Point(MEP) Address";
}
grouping mip-address {
choice mip-address {
default ip-address;
case mac-address {
leaf mac-address {
type yang:mac-address;
description
"MAC Address of Maintenance Intermediate Point";
}
description
"MAC Address based Maintenance Intermediate
Point (MIP) Addressing.";
}
case ip-address {
leaf ip-address {
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type inet:ip-address;
description
"IP Address.";
}
description
"IP Address based Maintenance Intermediate Point(MIP)
Addressing.";
}
description
"Maintenance Intermediate Point (MIP) Addressing.";
}
description
"Maintenance Intermediate Point (MIP) Address.";
}
grouping maintenance-domain-id {
description
"Grouping containing leaves sufficient to identify
a Maintenance Domain.";
leaf technology {
type identityref {
base technology-types;
}
mandatory true;
description
"Defines the technology.";
}
leaf md-name-string {
type md-name-string;
mandatory true;
description
"Defines the generic administrative maintenance domain name.";
}
}
grouping md-name {
leaf md-name-format {
type identityref {
base name-format;
}
description
"Maintenance Domain Name format.";
}
choice md-name {
case md-name-null {
leaf md-name-null {
when "derived-from-or-self(../md-name-format,"
+"'name-format-null')" {
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description
"Maintenance Domain (MD) name
format is equal to null format.";
}
type empty;
description
"Maintenance Domain (MD) name Null.";
}
}
description
"Maintenance Domain (MD) name.";
}
description
"Maintenance Domain (MD) name.";
}
grouping ma-identifier {
description
"Grouping containing leaves sufficient to identify
an Maintenance Association (MA).";
leaf ma-name-string {
type ma-name-string;
description
"Maintenance Association (MA) name string.";
}
}
grouping ma-name {
description
"Maintenance Association (MA) name.";
leaf ma-name-format {
type identityref {
base name-format;
}
description
"Maintenance Association (MA) name format.";
}
choice ma-name {
case ma-name-null {
leaf ma-name-null {
when "derived-from-or-self(../ma-name-format, "
+"'name-format-null')" {
description
"Maintenance Association (MA).";
}
type empty;
description
"Empty";
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}
}
description
"Maintenance Association) name(MA).";
}
}
grouping mep-id {
choice mep-id {
default "mep-id-int";
case mep-id-int {
leaf mep-id-int {
type int32;
description
"Maintenance End Point (MEP) ID
in integer format.";
}
}
description
"Maintenance End Point (MEP) ID.";
}
leaf mep-id-format {
type identityref {
base identifier-format;
}
description
"Maintenance End Point (MEP) ID format.";
}
description
"Maintenance End Point (MEP) ID.";
}
grouping mep {
description
"Defines elements within the
Maintenance End Point (MEP).";
leaf mep-name {
type mep-name;
mandatory true;
description
"Generic administrative name of the
Maintenance End Point (MEP).";
}
uses mep-id;
uses mep-address;
}
grouping monitor-stats {
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description
"grouping for monitoring statistics, this will be augmented
by others who use this component";
choice monitor-stats {
default "monitor-null";
case monitor-null {
description
"This is a place holder when
no monitoring statistics is needed";
leaf monitor-null {
type empty;
description
"There is no monitoring statistics to be defined.";
}
}
description
"Define the monitor stats.";
}
}
grouping connectivity-context {
description
"Grouping defining the connectivity context for an
Maintenance Association (MA), for example,
an LSP for MPLS-TP. This will be
augmented by each protocol who use this component.";
choice connectivity-context {
default "context-null";
case context-null {
description
"This is a place holder when no context is needed.";
leaf context-null {
type empty;
description
"There is no context to be defined.";
}
}
description
"Connectivity context.";
}
}
grouping cos {
description
"Grouping for Priority used in transmitted packets,
for example, in the CoS field in MPLS-TP.";
leaf cos-id {
type uint8;
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description
"Class of Service(CoS) id, this value is used to indicate
Class of Service information .";
}
}
grouping mip-grouping {
uses mip-address;
description
"Grouping for Maintenance Intermediate Point(MIP)
configuration.";
}
container domains {
description
"Contains configuration related data. Within the
container there is a list of fault domains. each
domian has a List of Maintenance Association
(MA).";
list domain {
key "technology md-name-string";
description
"Define a list of Domains within the
ietf-connection-oriented-oam module.";
uses maintenance-domain-id;
uses md-name;
leaf md-level {
type md-level;
description
"Define the MD-Level.";
}
container mas {
description
"This container defines Maintenance Association (MA),
within that have multiple MA and within MA have
Maintenance End Point (MEP).";
list ma {
key "ma-name-string";
uses ma-identifier;
uses ma-name;
uses connectivity-context;
uses cos {
description
"Default class of service for this
Maintenance Association (MA),
which may be overridden for particular
Maintenance End Points (MEPs),
sessions or operations.";
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}
leaf cc-enable {
type boolean;
description
"Indicate whether the
Continuity Check (CC) is enabled.";
}
list mep {
key "mep-name";
description
"Contain a list of Maintenance End Points (MEPs)";
uses mep;
uses cos;
leaf cc-enable {
type boolean;
description
"Indicate whether the Continuity Check (CC)is enabled.";
}
list session {
key "session-cookie";
description
"Monitoring session to/from a particular
remote Maintenance End Point (MEP).
Depending on the protocol, this could represent
Continuity Check (CC) messages received from
a single remote MEP (if the protocol uses
multicast CCs) or a target to which
unicast echo request CCs are sent and from which
responses are received (if the protocol uses a
unicast request/response mechanism).";
leaf session-cookie {
type uint32;
description
"Cookie to identify different sessions, when there
are multiple remote Maintenance End Point(MEP)
or multiple sessions tothe same remote MEP.";
}
container destination-mep {
uses mep-id;
description
"Destination Maintenance End Point(MEP).";
}
container destination-mep-address {
uses mep-address;
description
"Destination Maintenance End Point (MEP) Address.";
}
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uses cos;
}
}
list mip {
if-feature "mip";
key "name";
leaf name {
type string;
description
"Identifier of Maintenance intermediate point";
}
leaf interface {
type if:interface-ref;
description
"Interface";
}
uses mip-grouping;
description
"List for Maintenance Intermediate Point (MIP).";
}
description
"Maintenance Association list.";
}
}
}
}
notification defect-condition-notification {
description
"Upon the defect condition is met, this
notification is sent";
leaf technology {
type identityref {
base technology-types;
}
description
"The technology";
}
leaf md-name-string {
type leafref {
path "/domains/domain/md-name-string";
}
mandatory true;
description
"Indicate which Maintenance Domain(MD)
does the defect belong to.";
}
leaf ma-name-string {
type leafref {
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path "/domains/domain/mas/ma/ma-name-string";
}
mandatory true;
description
"Indicate which Maintenance Association (MA)
is the defect associated with.";
}
leaf mep-name {
type leafref {
path "/domains/domain/mas/ma/mep/mep-name";
}
description
"Indicate which Maintenance End Point(MEP)
is seeing the defect.";
}
leaf defect-type {
type identityref {
base defect-types;
}
description
"The currently active defects on the specific
Maintenance End Point (MEP).";
}
container generating-mepid {
uses mep-id;
description
"Indicate who is generating the defect (if known). If
unknown set it as 0.";
}
uses defect-message {
description
"The defect message to indicate more details.";
}
}
notification defect-cleared-notification {
description
"Upon defect cleared is met, this notification is sent";
leaf technology {
type identityref {
base technology-types;
}
description
"The technology.";
}
leaf md-name-string {
type leafref {
path "/domains/domain/md-name-string";
}
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mandatory true;
description
"Indicate which Maintenance Domain (MD)
does the defect belong to";
}
leaf ma-name-string {
type leafref {
path "/domains/domain/mas/ma/ma-name-string";
}
mandatory true;
description
"Indicate which Maintenance Association (MA)
is the defect associated with.";
}
leaf mep-name {
type leafref {
path "/domains/domain/mas/ma/mep/mep-name";
}
description
"Indicate which Maintenance End Point (MEP)
is seeing the defect.";
}
leaf defect-type {
type identityref {
base defect-types;
}
description
"The currently active defects on the
specific Maintenance End Point (MEP).";
}
container generating-mepid {
uses mep-id;
description
"Indicate who is generating the defect (if known). if
unknown set it as 0.";
}
uses defect-message {
description
"Defect message to indicate more details.";
}
}
rpc continuity-check {
if-feature "continuity-check";
description
"Generates continuity-check as per RFC7276 Table 4.";
input {
leaf technology {
type identityref {
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base technology-types;
}
description
"The technology";
}
leaf md-name-string {
type leafref {
path "/domains/domain/md-name-string";
}
mandatory true;
description
"Indicate which Maintenance Domain (MD)
does the defect belong to.";
}
leaf md-level {
type leafref {
path "/domains/domain/md-level";
}
description
"The maintenance domain level.";
}
leaf ma-name-string {
type leafref {
path "/domains/domain/mas/ma/ma-name-string";
}
mandatory true;
description
"Indicate which MA is the defect associated with";
}
uses cos;
uses time-to-live;
leaf sub-type {
type identityref {
base command-sub-type;
}
description
"Defines different command types.";
}
leaf source-mep {
type leafref {
path "/domains/domain/mas/ma/mep/mep-name";
}
description
"Source Maintenance End Point (MEP).";
}
container destination-mep {
uses mep-address;
uses mep-id {
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description
"Only applicable if the destination is
a Maintenance End Point (MEP).";
}
description
"Destination Maintenance End Point (MEP).";
}
leaf count {
type uint32;
default "3";
description
"Number of continuity-check message to be sent.";
}
leaf cc-transmit-interval {
type time-interval;
description
"Time interval between echo requests.";
}
leaf packet-size {
type uint32 {
range "64..10000";
}
description
"Size of continuity-check packets, in octets.";
}
}
output {
uses monitor-stats {
description
"Stats of continuity check.";
}
}
}
rpc continuity-verification {
if-feature "connectivity-verification";
description
"Generates continuity-verification as per RFC7276 Table 4.";
input {
leaf md-name-string {
type leafref {
path "/domains/domain/md-name-string";
}
mandatory true;
description
"Indicate which MD (Maintenance Domain)
does the defect belong to.";
}
leaf md-level {
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type leafref {
path "/domains/domain/md-level";
}
description
"The maintenance domain level.";
}
leaf ma-name-string {
type leafref {
path "/domains/domain/mas/ma/ma-name-string";
}
mandatory true;
description
"Indicate which Maintenance Association (MA)
is the defect associated with.";
}
uses cos;
uses time-to-live;
leaf sub-type {
type identityref {
base command-sub-type;
}
description
"Defines different command types.";
}
leaf source-mep {
type leafref {
path "/domains/domain/mas/ma/mep/mep-name";
}
description
"Source Maintenance End Point(MEP).";
}
container destination-mep {
uses mep-address;
uses mep-id {
description
"Only applicable if the destination
is a Maintenance End Point (MEP).";
}
description
"Destination Maintenance End Point(MEP).";
}
leaf count {
type uint32;
default "3";
description
"Number of continuity-verification message to be sent.";
}
leaf interval {
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type time-interval;
description
"Time interval between echo requests.";
}
leaf packet-size {
type uint32 {
range "64..10000";
}
description
"Size of continuity-verification packets, in octets";
}
}
output {
uses monitor-stats {
description
"Stats of continuity check.";
}
}
}
rpc traceroute {
if-feature "traceroute";
description
"Generates Traceroute or Path Trace and return response.
Referencing RFC7276 for common Toolset name, for
MPLS-TP OAM, it's Route Tracing, and for TRILL OAM, it's
Path Tracing tool. Starts with TTL of one and increment
by one at each hop. Untill destination reached or TTL
reach max value.";
input {
leaf md-name-string {
type leafref {
path "/domains/domain/md-name-string";
}
mandatory true;
description
"Indicate which Maintenance Domain (MD)
does the defect belong to.";
}
leaf md-level {
type leafref {
path "/domains/domain/md-level";
}
description
"The maintenance domain level.";
}
leaf ma-name-string {
type leafref {
path "/domains/domain/mas/ma/ma-name-string";
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}
mandatory true;
description
"Indicate which Maintenance Association (MA)
is the defect associated with.";
}
uses cos;
uses time-to-live;
leaf command-sub-type {
type identityref {
base command-sub-type;
}
description
"Defines different command types.";
}
leaf source-mep {
type leafref {
path "/domains/domain/mas/ma/mep/mep-name";
}
description
"Source Maintenance End Point (MEP).";
}
container destination-mep {
uses mep-address;
uses mep-id {
description
"Only applicable if the destination is a
Maintenance End Point (MEP).";
}
description
"Destination Maintenance End Point (MEP).";
}
leaf count {
type uint32;
default "1";
description
"Number of traceroute probes to send. In protocols where a
separate message is sent at each TTL, this is the number
of packets to be sent at each TTL.";
}
leaf interval {
type time-interval;
description
"Time interval between echo requests.";
}
}
output {
list response {
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key "response-index";
leaf response-index {
type uint8;
description
"Arbitrary index for the response. In protocols that
guarantee there is only a single response at each TTL,
the TTL can be used as the response index.";
}
uses time-to-live;
container destination-mep {
description
"Maintenance End Point (MEP) from
which the response has been received";
uses mep-address;
uses mep-id {
description
"Only applicable if the destination is a
Maintenance End Point (MEP).";
}
}
container mip {
if-feature "mip";
leaf interface {
type if:interface-ref;
description
"Maintenance Intermediate Point (MIP) interface.";
}
uses mip-address;
description
"Maintenance Intermediate Point (MIP)
responding with traceroute";
}
uses monitor-stats {
description
"Stats of traceroute.";
}
description
"List of response.";
}
}
}
}
<CODE ENDS>
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6. Base Mode
The Base Mode ('default mode' described in section 4) defines default
configuration that MUST be present in the devices that comply with
this document. Base Mode allows users to have "zero-touch"
experience. Several parameters require technology specific
definition.
6.1. MEP Address
In the Base Mode of operation, the MEP Address is by default the IP
address of the interface on which the MEP is located.
6.2. MEP ID for Base Mode
In the Base Mode of operation, each device creates a single MEP
associated with a virtual OAM port with no physical layer (NULL PHY).
The MEP-ID associated with this MEP is zero (0). The choice of MEP-
ID zero is explained below.
MEP-ID is 2 octet field by default. It is never used on the wire
except when using CCM. It is important to have method that can
derive MEP-ID of base mode in an automatic manner with no user
intervention. IP address cannot be directly used for this purpose as
the MEP-ID is much smaller field. For Base Mode of operation MEP-ID
zero (0) is set as the default MEP-ID.
CCM packet use MEP-ID on the payload. CCM MUST NOT be used in the
Base Mode. Hence CCM MUST be disabled on the Maintenance Association
of the Base Mode.
If CCM is required, users MUST configure a separate Maintenance
association and assign unique value for the corresponding MEP IDs.
CFM [IEEE802.1Q] defines MEP ID as an unsigned integer in the range 1
to 8191. In this document we propose extend the range to 0 to 65535.
Value 0 is reserved for MEP-ID of Base Mode operation and MUST NOT be
used for other purposes.
6.3. Maintenance Association
The ID of the Maintenance Association (MA-ID) [IEEE802.1Q] has a
flexible format and includes two parts: Maintenance Domain Name and
Short MA name. In the Base Mode of operation, the value of the
Maintenance Domain Name must be the character string
"GenericBaseMode" (excluding the quotes "). In the Base Mode
operation, the Short MA Name format is set to 2-octet integer format
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(value 3 in Short MA Format field [IEEE802.1Q]) and the Short MA name
set to 65532 (0xFFFC).
7. Connection-oriented OAM YANG model applicability
"ietf-connection-oriented-oam" model defined in this document
provides technology-independent abstraction of key OAM constructs for
connection-oriented protocols. This model can be further extended to
include technology specific details, e.g., adding new data nodes with
technology specific functions and parameters into proper anchor
points of the base model, so as to develop a technology-specific
connection-oriented OAM model.
This section demonstrates the usability of the connection-oriented
YANG OAM data model to various connection-oriented OAM technologies,
e.g., TRILL and MPLS-TP. Note that, in this section, we only present
several snippets of technology-specific model extensions for
illustrative purposes. The complete model extensions should be
worked on in respective protocol working groups.
7.1. Generic YANG Model extension for TRILL OAM
The TRILL OAM YANG module (I-D.trill-yang-oam) is augmenting
connection-oriented OAM module for both configuration and RPC
commands.
In addition,the TRILL OAM YANG module also requires the base TRILL
module ([I-D.ietf-trill-yang]) to be supported as there is a strong
relationship between those modules.
The configuration extensions for connection-oriented OAM include MD
configuration extension, Technology type extension, MA configuration
extension, Connectivity-Context Extension, MEP Configuration
Extension, ECMP extension. In the RPC extension, the continuity-
check and path-discovery RPC are extended with TRILL specific
parameters.
7.1.1. MD Configuration Extension
MD level configuration parameters are management information which
can be inherited in the TRILL OAM model and set by connection-
oriented base model as default values. For example domain name can
be set to area-ID in the TRILL OAM case. In addition, at the
Maintenance Domain level (i.e., at root level), domain data node can
be augmented with technology type.
Note that MD level configuration parameters provides context
information for the management system to correlate faults, defects,
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network failures with location information, which helps quickly
identify root causes of network failures.
7.1.1.1. Technology Type Extension
No TRILL technology type has been defined in the connection-oriented
base model. Therefore a technology type extension is required in the
TRILL OAM model. The technology type "trill" is defined as an
identity that augments the base "technology-types" defined in the
connection-oriented base model:
identity trill{
base co-oam:technology-types;
description
"trill type";
}
7.1.2. MA Configuration Extension
MA level configuration parameters are management information which
can be inherited in the TRILL OAM model and set by connection-
oriented base model as default values. In addition, at the
Maintenance Association(MA) level (i.e.,at the second level), MA data
node can be augmented with connectivity-context extension.
Note that MA level configuration parameters provides context
information for the management system to correlate faults, defects,
network failures with location information, which helps quickly
identify root causes of network failures.
7.1.2.1. Connectivity-Context Extension
In TRILL OAM, one example of connectivity-context is either a 12 bit
VLAN ID or a 24 bit Fine Grain Label. The connection-oriented base
model defines a placeholder for context-id. This allows other
technologies to easily augment that to include technology specific
extensions. The snippet below depicts an example of augmenting
connectivity-context to include either VLAN ID or Fine Grain Label.
augment /co-oam:domains/co-oam:domain
/co-oam:mas/co-oam:ma/co-oam:connectivity-context:
+--:(connectivity-context-vlan)
| +--rw connectivity-context-vlan? vlan
+--:(connectivity-context-fgl)
+--rw connectivity-context-fgl? fgl
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7.1.3. MEP Configuration Extension
The MEP configuration definition in the connection-oriented base
model already supports configuring the interface of MEP with either
MAC address or IP address. In addition, the MEP address can be
represented using a 2 octet RBridge Nickname in TRILL OAM . Hence,
the TRILL OAM model augments the MEP configuration in base model to
add a nickname case into the MEP address choice node as follows:
augment /co-oam:domains/co-oam:domain
/co-oam:mas/co-oam:ma/co-oam:mep/co-oam:mep-address:
+--:( mep-address-trill)
| +--rw mep-address-trill? tril-rb-nickname
In addition, at the Maintenance Association Endpoint(MEP) level
(i.e.,at the third level), MEP data node can be augmented with ECMP
extension.
7.1.3.1. ECMP Extension
Since TRILL supports ECMP path selection, flow-entropy in TRILL is
defined as a 96 octet field in the LIME model extension for TRILL
OAM. The snippet below illustrates its extension.
augment /co-oam:domains/co-oam:domain
/co-oam:mas/co-oam:ma/co-oam:mep:
+--rw flow-entropy-trill? flow-entropy-trill
augment /co-oam:domains/co-oam:domain
/co-oam:mas/co-oam:ma/co-oam:mep/co-oam:session:
+--rw flow-entropy-trill? flow-entropy-trill
7.1.4. RPC extension
In the TRILL OAM YANG model, the continuity-check and path-discovery
RPC commands are extended with TRILL specific requirements. The
snippet below depicts an example of illustrates the TRILL OAM RPC
extension.
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augment /co-oam:continuity-check/co-oam:input:
+--ro (out-of-band)?
| +--:(ipv4-address)
| | +--ro ipv4-address? inet:ipv4-address
| +--:(ipv6-address)
| | +--ro ipv6-address? inet:ipv6-address
| +--:(trill-nickname)
| +--ro trill-nickname? tril-rb-nickname
+--ro diagnostic-vlan? boolean
augment /co-oam:continuity-check/co-oam:input:
+--ro flow-entropy-trill? flow-entropy-trill
augment /co-oam:continuity-check/co-oam:output:
+--ro upstream-rbridge? tril-rb-nickname
+--ro next-hop-rbridge* tril-rb-nickname
augment /co-oam:path-discovery/co-oam:input:
+--ro (out-of-band)?
| +--:(ipv4-address)
| | +--ro ipv4-address? inet:ipv4-address
| +--:(ipv6-address)
| | +--ro ipv6-address? inet:ipv6-address
| +--:(trill-nickname)
| +--ro trill-nickname? tril-rb-nickname
+--ro diagnostic-vlan? boolean
augment /co-oam:path-discovery/co-oam:input:
+--ro flow-entropy-trill? flow-entropy-trill
augment /co-oam:path-discovery/co-oam:output/co-oam:response:
+--ro upstream-rbridge? tril-rb-nickname
+--ro next-hop-rbridge* tril-rb-nickname
7.2. Generic YANG Model extension for MPLS-TP OAM
The MPLS-TP OAM YANG module can augment the connection-oriented OAM
Module with some technology-specific details. And the
[mpls-tp-oam-yang] presents the YANG Data model for MPLS-TP OAM.
The configuration extensions for connection-oriented OAM include MD
configuration extension, Technology type extension, Sub Technology
Type Extension, MA configuration extension, MEP Configuration
Extension.
7.2.1. MD Configuration Extension
MD level configuration parameters are management information which
can be inherited in the MPLS-TP OAM model and set by the connection-
oriented OAM base model as default values. For example domain name
can be set to area-ID or the provider's Autonomous System Number(ASN)
[RFC6370] in the MPLS-TP OAM case. In addition, at the Maintenance
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Domain level (i.e.,at root level), domain data node can be augmented
with technology type and sub-technology type.
Note that MD level configuration parameters provides context
information for the management system to correlate faults, defects,
network failures with location information, which helps quickly
identify root causes of network failures
7.2.1.1. Technology Type Extension
No MPLS-TP technology type has been defined in the connection-
oriented base model, hence it is required in the MPLS-TP OAM model.
The technology type "mpls-tp" is defined as an identity that augments
the base "technology-types" defined in the connection-oriented base
model:
identity mpls-tp{
base co-oam:technology-types;
description
"mpls-tp type";
}
7.2.1.2. Sub Technology Type Extension
In MPLS-TP, since different encapsulation types such as IP/UDP
Encapsulation, PW-ACH encapsulation can be employed, the "technology-
sub-type" data node is defined and added into the MPLS-TP OAM model
to further identify the encapsulation types within the MPLS-TP OAM
model. Based on it, we also define a technology sub-type for IP/UDP
encapsulation and PW-ACH encapsulation. Other Encapsulation types
can be defined in the same way. The snippet below depicts an example
of several encapsulation types.
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identity technology-sub-type {
description
"certain implementations can have different
encapsulation types such as ip/udp, pw-ach and so on.
Instead of defining separate models for each
encapsulation, we define a technology sub-type to
further identify different encapsulations.
Technology sub-type is associated at the MA level"; }
identity technology-sub-type-udp {
base technology-sub-type;
description
"technology sub-type is IP/UDP encapsulation";
}
identity technology-sub-type-ach {
base technology-sub-type;
description
"technology sub-type is PW-ACH encapsulation";
}
}
augment "/co-oam:domains/co-oam:domain"
+"/co-oam:mas/co-oam:ma {
leaf technology-sub-type {
type identityref {
base technology-sub-type;
}
}
}
7.2.2. MA Configuration Extension
MA level configuration parameters are management information which
can be inherited in the MPLS-TP OAM model and set by the connection-
oriented OAM base model as default values. One example of MA Name
could be MEG LSP ID or MEG Section ID or MEG PW ID[RFC6370].
Note that MA level configuration parameters provides context
information for the management system to correlate faults, defects,
network failures with location information, which helps quickly
identify root causes of network failures.
7.2.3. MEP Configuration Extension
In MPLS-TP, MEP-ID is either a variable length label value in case of
G-ACH encapsulation or a 2 octet unsigned integer value in case of
IP/UDP encapsulation. One example of MEP-ID is MPLS-TP LSP_MEP_ID
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[RFC6370]. In the connection-oriented base model, MEP-ID is defined
as a choice/case node which can supports an int32 value, and the same
definition can be used for MPLS-TP with no further modification. In
addition, at the Maintenance Association Endpoint(MEP) level (i.e.,at
the third level), MEP data node can be augmented with Session
extension and interface extension.
8. Security Considerations
The YANG module specified in this document defines a schema for data
that is designed to be accessed via network management protocols such
as NETCONF [RFC6241] or RESTCONF [RFC8040]. The lowest NETCONF layer
is the secure transport layer, and the mandatory-to-implement secure
transport is Secure Shell (SSH) [RFC6242]. The lowest RESTCONF layer
is HTTPS, and the mandatory-to-implement secure transport is TLS
[RFC5246].
The NETCONF access control model [RFC6536] provides the means to
restrict access for particular NETCONF or RESTCONF users to a
preconfigured subset of all available NETCONF or RESTCONF protocol
operations and content.
There are a number of data nodes defined in the YANG module which are
writable/creatable/deletable (i.e., config true, which is the
default). These data nodes may be considered sensitive in some
network environments. Write operations (e.g., <edit-config>) to
these data nodes without proper protection can have a negative effect
on network operations. These are the subtrees and data nodes and
their sensitivity/vulnerability:
/co-oam:domains/co-oam:domain/
/co-oam:domains/co-oam:domain/co-oam:mas/co-oam:ma
/co-oam:domains/co-oam:domain/co-oam:mas/co-oam:ma/co-oam:mep
/co-oam:domains/co-oam:domain/co-oam:mas/co-oam:ma/co-oam:mep/
co-oam:session
Unauthorized access to any of these lists can adversely affect OAM
management system handling of end-to-end OAM and coordination of OAM
within underlying network layers This may lead to inconsistent
configuration, reporting, and presentation for the OAM mechanisms
used to manage the network.
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9. IANA Considerations
This document registers a URI in the IETF XML registry [RFC3688].
Following the format in RFC 3688, the following registration is
requested to be made:
URI: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-connection-oriented-oam
Registrant Contact: The IESG.
XML: N/A, the requested URI is an XML namespace.
This document registers a YANG module in the YANG Module Names
registry [RFC6020].
name: ietf-connection-oriented-oam
namespace: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-connection-oriented-oam
prefix: co-oam
reference: RFC XXXX
10. Acknowledgments
Giles Heron came up with the idea of developing a YANG model as a way
of creating a unified OAM API set (interface), work in this document
is largely an inspiration of that. Alexander Clemm provided many
valuable tips, comments and remarks that helped to refine the YANG
model presented in this document.
Carlos Pignataro, David Ball,Mahesh Jethanandani,Benoit
Claise,Ladislav Lhotka,GUBALLA JENS,Yuji Tochio,Gregory Mirsky, Huub
van Helvoort, Tom Taylor, Dapeng Liu,Mishael Wexler, Adi Molkho
participated and contributed to this document.
11. References
11.1. Normative References
[IEEE802.1Q]
"Connectivity Fault Management", IEEE Std 802.1Q-2014,
2014.
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.
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[RFC3688] Mealling, M., "The IETF XML Registry", BCP 81, RFC 3688,
DOI 10.17487/RFC3688, January 2004,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3688>.
[RFC5246] Dierks, T. and E. Rescorla, "The Transport Layer Security
(TLS) Protocol Version 1.2", RFC 5246,
DOI 10.17487/RFC5246, August 2008,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5246>.
[RFC6020] Bjorklund, M., Ed., "YANG - A Data Modeling Language for
the Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF)", RFC 6020,
DOI 10.17487/RFC6020, October 2010,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6020>.
[RFC6241] Enns, R., Ed., Bjorklund, M., Ed., Schoenwaelder, J., Ed.,
and A. Bierman, Ed., "Network Configuration Protocol
(NETCONF)", RFC 6241, DOI 10.17487/RFC6241, June 2011,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6241>.
[RFC6242] Wasserman, M., "Using the NETCONF Protocol over Secure
Shell (SSH)", RFC 6242, DOI 10.17487/RFC6242, June 2011,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6242>.
[RFC6370] Bocci, M., Swallow, G., and E. Gray, "MPLS Transport
Profile (MPLS-TP) Identifiers", RFC 6370,
DOI 10.17487/RFC6370, September 2011,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6370>.
[RFC6536] Bierman, A. and M. Bjorklund, "Network Configuration
Protocol (NETCONF) Access Control Model", RFC 6536,
DOI 10.17487/RFC6536, March 2012,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6536>.
[RFC6991] Schoenwaelder, J., Ed., "Common YANG Data Types",
RFC 6991, DOI 10.17487/RFC6991, July 2013,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6991>.
[RFC8040] Bierman, A., Bjorklund, M., and K. Watsen, "RESTCONF
Protocol", RFC 8040, DOI 10.17487/RFC8040, January 2017,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8040>.
[RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.
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11.2. Informative References
[G.800] "Unified functional architecture of transport networks",
ITU-T Recommendation G.800, 2016.
[G.8013] "OAM functions and mechanisms for Ethernet based
networks", ITU-T Recommendation G.8013/Y.1731, 2013.
[I-D.ietf-lime-yang-connectionless-oam]
Kumar, D., Wang, Z., Wu, Q., Rahman, R., and S. Raghavan,
"Generic YANG Data Model for the Management of Operations,
Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) Protocols that use
Connectionless Communications", draft-ietf-lime-yang-
connectionless-oam-18 (work in progress), November 2017.
[I-D.ietf-netmod-revised-datastores]
Bjorklund, M., Schoenwaelder, J., Shafer, P., Watsen, K.,
and R. Wilton, "Network Management Datastore
Architecture", draft-ietf-netmod-revised-datastores-10
(work in progress), January 2018.
[I-D.ietf-netmod-yang-tree-diagrams]
Bjorklund, M. and L. Berger, "YANG Tree Diagrams", draft-
ietf-netmod-yang-tree-diagrams-06 (work in progress),
February 2018.
[I-D.ietf-trill-yang]
Weiguo, H., Yizhou, L., Kumar, D., Durrani, M., Zhai, H.,
and L. Xia, "TRILL YANG Data Model", draft-ietf-trill-
yang-04 (work in progress), December 2015.
[I-D.ietf-trill-yang-oam]
Kumar, D., Senevirathne, T., Finn, N., Salam, S., Xia, L.,
and H. Weiguo, "YANG Data Model for TRILL Operations,
Administration, and Maintenance (OAM)", draft-ietf-trill-
yang-oam-05 (work in progress), March 2017.
[MEF-17] "Service OAM Requirements & Framework - Phase 1", METRO
ETHERNET FORUM MEF 17, 2007.
[mpls-tp-oam-yang]
Zhang, L., Zheng, L., Aldrin, S., and G. Mirsky, "YANG
Data Model for MPLS-TP Operations, Administration, and
Maintenance", draft-zhang-mpls-tp-yang-oam (work in
progress), 2016.
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[RFC6291] Andersson, L., van Helvoort, H., Bonica, R., Romascanu,
D., and S. Mansfield, "Guidelines for the Use of the "OAM"
Acronym in the IETF", BCP 161, RFC 6291,
DOI 10.17487/RFC6291, June 2011,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6291>.
[RFC6325] Perlman, R., Eastlake 3rd, D., Dutt, D., Gai, S., and A.
Ghanwani, "Routing Bridges (RBridges): Base Protocol
Specification", RFC 6325, DOI 10.17487/RFC6325, July 2011,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6325>.
[RFC6371] Busi, I., Ed. and D. Allan, Ed., "Operations,
Administration, and Maintenance Framework for MPLS-Based
Transport Networks", RFC 6371, DOI 10.17487/RFC6371,
September 2011, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6371>.
[RFC6905] Senevirathne, T., Bond, D., Aldrin, S., Li, Y., and R.
Watve, "Requirements for Operations, Administration, and
Maintenance (OAM) in Transparent Interconnection of Lots
of Links (TRILL)", RFC 6905, DOI 10.17487/RFC6905, March
2013, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6905>.
[RFC7174] Salam, S., Senevirathne, T., Aldrin, S., and D. Eastlake
3rd, "Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL)
Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM)
Framework", RFC 7174, DOI 10.17487/RFC7174, May 2014,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7174>.
[RFC7276] Mizrahi, T., Sprecher, N., Bellagamba, E., and Y.
Weingarten, "An Overview of Operations, Administration,
and Maintenance (OAM) Tools", RFC 7276,
DOI 10.17487/RFC7276, June 2014,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7276>.
[RFC7455] Senevirathne, T., Finn, N., Salam, S., Kumar, D., Eastlake
3rd, D., Aldrin, S., and Y. Li, "Transparent
Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL): Fault
Management", RFC 7455, DOI 10.17487/RFC7455, March 2015,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7455>.
Appendix A. Contributors' Addresses
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Tissa Senevirathne
Consultant
Email: tsenevir@gmail.com
Norman Finn
CISCO Systems
510 McCarthy Blvd
Milpitas, CA 95035
USA
Email: nfinn@cisco.com
Samer Salam
CISCO Systems
595 Burrard St. Suite 2123
Vancouver, BC V7X 1J1
Canada
Email: ssalam@cisco.com
Authors' Addresses
Deepak Kumar
CISCO Systems
510 McCarthy Blvd
Milpitas, CA 95035
USA
Email: dekumar@cisco.com
Qin Wu
Huawei
101 Software Avenue, Yuhua District
Nanjing, Jiangsu 210012
China
Email: bill.wu@huawei.com
Michael Wang
Huawei Technologies,Co.,Ltd
101 Software Avenue, Yuhua District
Nanjing 210012
China
Email: wangzitao@huawei.com
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