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Flexible Algorithms: Bandwidth, Delay, Metrics and Constraints
draft-ietf-lsr-flex-algo-bw-con-15

Document Type Active Internet-Draft (lsr WG)
Authors Shraddha Hegde , William Britto , Rajesh Shetty , Bruno Decraene , Peter Psenak , Tony Li
Last updated 2024-10-07 (Latest revision 2024-09-20)
Replaces draft-hegde-lsr-flex-algo-bw-con
RFC stream Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
Intended RFC status Proposed Standard
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Stream WG state Submitted to IESG for Publication
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Feb 2024
WGLC: Flexible Algorithms: Bandwidth, Delay, Metrics and Constraints
Document shepherd Acee Lindem
Shepherd write-up Show Last changed 2024-09-23
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Responsible AD Gunter Van de Velde
Send notices to acee.ietf@gmail.com
draft-ietf-lsr-flex-algo-bw-con-15
LSR                                                             S. Hegde
Internet-Draft                                                 W. Britto
Intended status: Standards Track                               R. Shetty
Expires: 24 March 2025                             Juniper Networks Inc.
                                                             B. Decraene
                                                                  Orange
                                                               P. Psenak
                                                           Cisco Systems
                                                                   T. Li
                                                   Juniper Networks Inc.
                                                       20 September 2024

     Flexible Algorithms: Bandwidth, Delay, Metrics and Constraints
                   draft-ietf-lsr-flex-algo-bw-con-15

Abstract

   Many networks configure the link metric relative to the link
   capacity.  High bandwidth traffic gets routed as per the link
   capacity.  Flexible algorithms provide mechanisms to create
   constraint based paths in an IGP.  This draft documents a generic
   metric type and set of bandwidth related constraints to be used in
   Flexible Algorithms.

Requirements Language

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on 24 March 2025.

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Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2024 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/
   license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document.
   Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights
   and restrictions with respect to this document.  Code Components
   extracted from this document must include Revised BSD License text as
   described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are
   provided without warranty as described in the Revised BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   2.  Generic Metric Advertisement  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
     2.1.  IS-IS Generic Metric Sub-TLV  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
     2.2.  OSPF Generic Metric Sub-TLV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     2.3.  Generic Metric applicability to Flexible Algorithms
           Multi-domain/Multi-area networks  . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
   3.  FAD constraint Sub-TLVs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     3.1.  IS-IS FAD constraint Sub-TLVs . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
       3.1.1.  IS-IS Exclude Minimum Bandwidth sub-TLV . . . . . . .   9
       3.1.2.  IS-IS Exclude Maximum Delay Sub-TLV . . . . . . . . .  10
     3.2.  OSPF FAD constraint Sub-TLVs  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
       3.2.1.  OSPF Exclude Minimum Bandwidth Sub-TLV  . . . . . . .  11
       3.2.2.  OSPF Exclude Maximum Delay Sub-TLV  . . . . . . . . .  12
   4.  Bandwidth Metric Advertisement  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
     4.1.  Automatic Metric Calculation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
       4.1.1.  Automatic Metric Calculation Modes  . . . . . . . . .  13
       4.1.2.  Automatic Metric Calculation Methods  . . . . . . . .  15
       4.1.3.  IS-IS FAD constraint Sub-TLVs for automatic metric
               calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  16
       4.1.4.  OSPF FAD constraint Sub-TLVs for automatic metric
               calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  20
   5.  Bandwidth metric considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  25
   6.  Calculation of Flex-Algorithm paths . . . . . . . . . . . . .  25
   7.  Backward Compatibility  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  26
   8.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  26
   9.  Operational Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  26
   10. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  26
     10.1.  IGP Metric-Type Registry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  26
     10.2.  IS-IS Sub-Sub-TLVs for Flexible Algorithm Definition
            Sub-TLV  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  27
     10.3.  OSPF Sub-TLVs for Flexible Algorithm Definition
            Sub-TLV  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  28

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     10.4.  IS-IS Sub-TLVs for TLVs Advertising Neighbor
            Information  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  28
     10.5.  Sub-sub-TLV Codepoints for Application-Specific Link
            Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  28
     10.6.  OSPFv2 Extended Link TLV Sub-TLVs  . . . . . . . . . . .  28
     10.7.  Types for Sub-TLVs of TE Link TLV (Value 2)  . . . . . .  29
     10.8.  OSPFv3 Extended-LSA Sub-TLVs . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  29
   11. Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  29
   12. Contributors  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  29
   13. APPENDIX  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  29
     13.1.  Updated list of rules for pruning links in Flex-algorithm
            topology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  29
   14. References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  30
     14.1.  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  30
     14.2.  Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  32
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  33

1.  Introduction

   High bandwidth traffic such as residential Internet traffic and
   machine-to-machine elephant flows benefit from using high capacity
   links.  Accordingly, many network operators define a link's metric
   relative to its capacity to help direct traffic to higher bandwidth
   links, but this is no guarantee that lower bandwidth links will be
   avoided, especially in failure scenarios.  To ensure that elephant
   flows are only placed on high capacity links, it would be useful to
   explicitly exclude the high bandwidth traffic from utilizing links
   below a certain capacity.  A Flex-Algorithm [RFC9350] is defined as a
   set of parameters consisting of calculation-type, metric-type, and a
   set of constraints to allow operators to have more control over the
   network path computation.  In this document, we define further
   extensions to Flex-Algorithm that will allow operators additional
   control over their traffic flows, especially with respect to
   bandwidth constraints.

   Historically, IGPs have done path computation by minimizing the sum
   of the link metrics along the path from source to destination.  While
   the metric has been administratively defined, implementations have
   defaulted to a metric that is inversely proportional to link
   bandwidth.  This has driven traffic to higher bandwidth links and has
   required manual metric manipulation to achieve the desired loading of
   the network.

   Over time, with the addition of different traffic types, the need for
   alternate types of metrics has evolved.  Flex-Algorithm already
   supports using the minimum link delay and the administratively
   assigned traffic-engineering metrics in path computation.  However,
   it is clear that additional metrics may be of interest in different

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   situations.  A network operator may seek to minimize their
   operational costs and thus may want a metric that reflects the actual
   fiscal costs of using a link.  Other traffic may require low jitter,
   leading to an entirely different set of metrics.  With Flex-
   Algorithm, all of these different metrics, and more, could be used
   concurrently on the same network.

   In some circumstances, path computation constraints, such as
   administrative groups, can be used to ensure that traffic avoids
   particular portions of the network.  These strict constraints are
   appropriate when there is an absolute requirement to avoid parts of
   the topology, even in failure conditions.  If, however, the
   requirement is less strict, then using a high metric in a portion of
   the topology may be more appropriate.

   This document defines a family of generic metrics that can advertise
   various types of administratively assigned metrics.  This document
   proposes standard metric-types which have specific semantics and
   require to be standardized.  This document also proposes user defined
   metric-types where specifics are not defined, so that administrators
   are free to assign semantics as they see fit.

   In Section 4, this document specifies a new bandwidth based metric
   type to be used with Flex-Algorithm and other applications.
   Section 3 defines additional Flexible Algorithm Definition (FAD)
   constraints that allow the network administrator to preclude the use
   of low bandwidth links or high delay links.

   Section 4.1 defines mechanisms to automatically calculate link
   metrics based on the parameters defined in the FAD and the advertised
   Maximum Link Bandwidth of each link.  This is advantageous because
   administrators can change their criteria for metric assignment
   centrally, without individual modification of each link metric
   throughout the network.  The procedures described in this document
   are intended to assign a metric to a link based on the total link
   capacity and they are not intended to update the metric based on
   actual traffic flow.  Thus, the procedures described in this document
   are not a replacement to the capability of a PCE which has a dynamic
   view of the network and provides real-time bandwidth management or a
   distributed bandwidth management protocol.

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2.  Generic Metric Advertisement

   IS-IS and OSPF advertise a metric for each link in their respective
   link state advertisements.  Multiple metric types are already
   supported.  Administratively assigned metrics are described in the
   original OSPF and IS-IS specifications.  The Traffic Engineering
   Default Metric is defined in [RFC5305] and [RFC3630] and the Min
   Unidirectional delay metric is defined in [RFC8570] and [RFC7471].
   Other metrics, such as jitter, reliability, and fiscal cost may be
   helpful, depending on the traffic class.  Rather than attempt to
   enumerate all possible metrics of interest, this document specifies a
   generic mechanism for advertising metrics.

   Each generic metric advertisement is on a per-link and per-metric
   type basis.  The metric advertisement consists of a metric type field
   and a value for the metric.  The metric type field is assigned by the
   "IGP metric type" IANA registry.  Metric types 0-127 are standard
   metric types as assigned by IANA.  This document further specifies a
   user-defined metric type space of metric types 128-255.  These are
   user defined and can be assigned by an operator for local use.

   Implementations MUST support sending and receiving generic metric
   sub-TLV in ASLA encodings as well as in the TLV 22/extended link LSA/
   TE-LSAs.  The usage of a generic metric by an individual application
   is subject to the same rules that apply to other link attributes as
   defined in [RFC3630], [RFC5305], [RFC9479], [RFC9492] and [RFC9350].

2.1.  IS-IS Generic Metric Sub-TLV

   The IS-IS Generic Metric sub-TLV specifies the link metric for a
   given metric type.  Typically, this metric is assigned by a network
   administrator.  The Generic Metric sub-TLV is advertised in the TLVs/
   sub-TLVs below:

      a.  TLV-22 (Extended IS reachability) [RFC5305]

      b.  TLV-222 (MT-ISN) [RFC5120]

      c.  TLV-23 (IS Neighbor Attribute) [RFC5311]

      d.  TLV-223 (MT IS Neighbor Attribute) [RFC5311]

      e.  TLV-141 (inter-AS reachability information) [RFC9346]

      f. sub-TLV 16 (Application-Specific Link Attributes (ASLA)) of TLV
      22/222/23/223/141 [RFC9479]

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      g.  TLV 25 (L2 Bundle Member Attributes) [RFC8668] Marked as
      "y(s)" (shareable among bundle members)

       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |   Type        |     Length    |  metric-type  |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                         Value                 |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

         Type  :   TBD1 (To be assigned by IANA)
         Length: 4 octets
         Metric-type:  A value from the IGP metric-type registry
         Value : Metric value range (0 - 16,777,215)

                   Figure 1: IS-IS Generic Metric Sub-TLV

   The Generic Metric sub-TLV MAY be advertised multiple times.  For a
   particular metric type, the Generic Metric sub-TLV MUST be advertised
   only once for a link when advertised in TLV 22, 222, 23, 223 and 141.
   When Generic metric sub-TLV is advertised in ASLA, each metric type
   MUST be advertised only once per-application for a link.  If there
   are multiple Generic Metric sub-TLVs advertised for a link for the
   same metric type (and same application in case of ASLA) in one or
   more received LSPDUs, advertisement in the lowest numbered fragment
   MUST be used and the subsequent instances MUST be ignored.

   If the metric type indicates a standard metric type for which there
   are other advertisement mechanisms (e.g., the IGP metric, the Min
   Unidirectional Link Delay, or the Traffic Engineering Default
   Metric), the Generic Metric advertisement MUST be ignored.

   A metric value of 0xFFFFFF is considered as maximum link metric and a
   link having this metric value MUST be used during Flex-algorithm
   calculations as a last resort link as described in sec 15.3 of
   [RFC9350].  A link can be made unusable by Flex-algorithm by leaving
   out Generic metric advertisement of the particular metric-type that
   the Flex-algorithm uses as described in [RFC9350].

2.2.  OSPF Generic Metric Sub-TLV

   The OSPF Generic Metric sub-TLV specifies the link metric for a given
   metric type.  Typically, this metric is assigned by a network
   administrator.  The Generic Metric sub-TLV is advertised in the TLVs
   below:

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      a.  sub-TLV of TE Link TLV (2) of OSPF TE LSA [RFC3630].

      b.  sub-TLV of TE Link TLV (2) of OSPFv2 Inter-AS-TE-v2 LSA
      [RFC5392].

      c.  sub-TLV of TE Link TLV (2) of OSPFv3 Intra-Area-TE-LSA
      [RFC5329].

      d.  sub-TLV of TE Link TLV (2) of OSPFv3 Inter-AS-TE-v3 LSA
      [RFC5392].

      e.  sub-TLV of Application-Specific Link Attributes (ASLA) sub-TLV
      [RFC9492] of the OSPFv2 Extended Link TLV [RFC7684].

      f.  sub-TLV of Application-Specific Link Attributes (ASLA) sub-TLV
      [RFC9492] of the OSPFv3 Router-Link TLV [RFC8362].

      g.  sub-TLV of the OSPFv2 L2 Bundle Member Attributes sub-TLV
      [RFC9356].

      h.  sub-sub-TLV of the OSPFv3 L2 Bundle Member Attributes sub-TLV
      [RFC9356].

   The Generic Metric sub-TLV is TLV type TBD2 (IANA), and is eight
   octets in length.

        0                   1                   2                   3
        0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |              Type             |             Length            |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       | metric-type   |         Reserved                              |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                            Value                              |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

       Type  :   TBD2 (To be assigned by IANA)
       Length: 8 octets
       Metric-type = A value from the IGP metric type registry

       Value : Metric value (0- 4,294,967,295)

                 Figure 2: OSPF Generic Metric Sub-TLV

   The Generic Metric sub-TLV MAY be advertised multiple times.  For a
   particular metric type, the Generic Metric sub-TLV MUST be advertised
   only once for a link when advertised as (a) through (d) above.  When

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   Generic Metric sub-TLV is advertised as sub-sub-TLV of ASLA, it MUST
   be advertised only once per-application for a link.  If there are
   multiple Generic Metric sub-TLVs advertised for a link for the same
   metric type (and same application in case of ASLA) in one or more
   received LSAs, advertisement in the lowest numbered LSA MUST be used
   and the subsequent instances MUST be ignored.

   If the metric type indicates a standard metric type for which there
   are other advertisement mechanisms (e.g., the IGP metric, the Min
   Unidirectional Link Delay, or the Traffic Engineering Default
   Metric), the Generic Metric advertisement MUST be ignored.

   A metric value of 0xFFFFFFFF is considered as maximum link metric and
   a link having this metric value MUST be used during Flex-algorithm
   calculations as a last resort link as described in sec 15.3 of
   [RFC9350].

   A link can be made unusable by Flex-algorithm by leaving out Generic
   metric advertisement of the particular metric-type that the Flex-
   algorithm uses as described in [RFC9350].

2.3.  Generic Metric applicability to Flexible Algorithms Multi-domain/
      Multi-area networks

   Generic Metric can be used by Flex-Algorithms by specifying the
   metric type in the Flexible Algorithm Definitions.  When Flex-
   Algorithms is used in a multi-area network, [RFC9350] defines the
   Flexible Algorithm Prefix Metric (FAPM) sub-TLV that carries the
   Flexible-Algorithm-specific metric.  Metrics carried in FAPM will be
   equal to the metric to reach the prefix for that Flex-Algorithm in
   its source area or domain.  When Flex-Algorithm uses Generic metric,
   the same procedures as described in section 13 of [RFC9350] are used
   to send and process FAPM sub-TLV.

3.  FAD constraint Sub-TLVs

   In networks that carry elephant flows, directing an elephant flow
   down a low-bandwidth link would be catastrophic.  Thus, in the
   context of Flex-Algorithm, it would be useful to be able to constrain
   the topology to only those links capable of supporting a minimum
   amount of bandwidth.

   If the capacity of a link is constant, this can already be achived
   through the use of administrative groups.  However, when a layer-3
   link is actually a collection of layer-2 links (LAG/layer-2 Bundle),
   the link bandwidth will vary based on the set of active constituent
   links.  This could be automated by having an implementation vary the
   advertised administrative groups based on bandwidth, but this seems

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   unnecessarily complex and expressing this requirement as a direct
   constraint on the topology seems simpler.  This is also advantageous
   if the minimum required bandwidth changes, as this constraint would
   provide a single centralized, coordinated point of control.

   To satify this requirement, this document defines an Exclude Minimum
   Bandwidth constraint.  When this constraint is advertised in a FAD, a
   link will be pruned from the Flex-Algorithm topology if the link's
   advertised Maximum Link Bandwidth is below the advertised Minimum
   Bandwidth value.

   Similarly, this document defines an Exclude Maximum Link Delay
   constraint.  Delay is an important consideration in High Frequency
   Trading applications, networks with transparent L2 link recovery, or
   in satellite networks, where link delay may fluctuate.  Mechanisms
   already exist to measure the link delay dynamically and advertise it
   in the IGP.  Networks that employ dynamic link-delay measurement, may
   want to exclude links that have a delay over a given threshold.

3.1.  IS-IS FAD constraint Sub-TLVs

3.1.1.  IS-IS Exclude Minimum Bandwidth sub-TLV

   IS-IS Flex-Algorithm Exclude Minimum Bandwidth sub-TLV (FAEMB) is a
   sub-TLV of the IS-IS FAD sub-TLV.  It has the following format:

       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |      Type     |    Length     |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                     Min Bandwidth                             |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      where:

         Type: TBD3

         Length:  4 octets.

         Min Bandwidth:  The link bandwidth is encoded in IEEE
      floating point format (32 bits). The units are bytes-per-second.

                       Figure 3: IS-IS FAEMB Sub-TLV

   The FAEMB sub-TLV MUST appear at most once in the FAD sub-TLV.  If it
   appears more than once, the IS-IS FAD sub-TLV MUST be ignored by the
   receiver.

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   The Minimum bandwidth advertised in FAEMB sub-TLV MUST be compared
   with Maximum Link Bandwidth advertised in sub-sub-TLV 9 of ASLA sub-
   TLV [RFC9479].  If L-Flag is set in the ASLA sub-TLV, the Minimum
   bandwidth advertised in FAEMB sub-TLV MUST be compared with Maximum
   Link Bandwidth as advertised in the sub-TLV 9 of the TLV
   22/222/23/223/141 [RFC5305] as defined in [RFC9479] Section 4.2.

   If the Maximum Link Bandwidth is lower than the Minimum link
   bandwidth advertised in FAEMB sub-TLV, the link MUST be excluded from
   the Flex-Algorithm topology.  If a link does not have the Maximum
   Link Bandwidth advertised but the FAD contains this sub-TLV, then
   that link MUST NOT be excluded from the topology based on the Minimum
   Bandwidth constraint.

3.1.2.  IS-IS Exclude Maximum Delay Sub-TLV

   IS-IS Flex-Algorithm Exclude Maximum Delay sub-TLV (FAEMD) is a sub-
   TLV of the IS-IS FAD sub-TLV.  It has the following format.

       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |      Type     |    Length     |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                     Max Link Delay          |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      where:

         Type: TBD4

         Length: 3 octets

         Max link delay:  Maximum link delay in microseconds

                       Figure 4: IS-IS FAEMD Sub-TLV

   The FAEMD sub-TLV MUST appear only once in the FAD sub-TLV.  If it
   appears more than once, the IS-IS FAD sub-TLV MUST be ignored by the
   receiver.

   The Maximum link delay advertised in FAEMD sub-TLV MUST be compared
   with Min Unidirectional Link Delay advertised in sub-sub-TLV 34 of
   ASLA sub-TLV [RFC9479].  If the L-Flag is set in the ASLA sub-TLV,
   the Maximum link delay advertised in FAEMD sub-TLV MUST be compared
   with Min Unidirectional Link Delay as advertised by the sub-TLV 34 of
   the TLV 22/222/23/223/141 [RFC8570] as defined in [RFC9479]
   Section 4.2.

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   If the Min Unidirectional Link Delay value is higher than the Maximum
   link delay advertised in FAEMD sub-TLV, the link MUST be excluded
   from the Flex-Algorithm topology.  If a link does not have the Min
   Unidirectional Link Delay advertised but the FAD contains this sub-
   TLV, then that link MUST NOT be excluded from the topology based on
   the Maximum Delay constraint.

3.2.  OSPF FAD constraint Sub-TLVs

3.2.1.  OSPF Exclude Minimum Bandwidth Sub-TLV

   OSPF Flex-Algorithm Exclude Minimum Bandwidth sub-TLV (FAEMB) is a
   sub-TLV of the OSPF FAD TLV.  It has the following format:

       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |      Type                     |    Length                     |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                     Min Bandwidth                             |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      where:

         Type: TBD5

         Length:  4 octets.

         Min Bandwidth: The link bandwidth is encoded in  IEEE
      floating point format (32 bits). The units are bytes-per-second.

                        Figure 5: OSPF FAEMB Sub-TLV

   The FAEMB sub-TLV MUST only appear once in the FAD sub-TLV.  If it
   appears more than once, the OSPF FAD TLV MUST be ignored by the
   receiver.  The Maximum Link Bandwidth as advertised in the Extended
   Link TLV in the Extended Link Opaque LSA in OSPFv2 [RFC7684] or as a
   sub-TLV of the Router-Link TLV of the E-Router-LSA Router-Link TLV in
   OSPFv3 [RFC8362] MUST be compared against the Minimum bandwidth
   advertised in FAEMB sub-TLV.  If the link bandwidth is lower than the
   Minimum bandwidth advertised in FAEMB sub-TLV, the link MUST be
   excluded from the Flex-Algorithm topology.  If a link does not have
   the Maximum Link Bandwidth advertised but the FAD contains this sub-
   TLV, then that link MUST be included in the topology and proceed to
   apply further pruning rules for the link.

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3.2.2.  OSPF Exclude Maximum Delay Sub-TLV

   The OSPF Flex-Algorithm Exclude Maximum Delay sub-TLV (FAEMD) is a
   sub-TLV of the OSPF FAD TLV.  It has the following format.

       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |      Type                     |    Length                     |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |  RESERVED     |                     Max Delay                 |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      where:

         Type: TBD6

         Length:  4 octets

         Max link delay:  Maximum link delay in microseconds

                        Figure 6: OSPF FAEMD Sub-TLV

   The FAEMD sub-TLV MUST only appear once in the OSPF FAD TLV.  If it
   appears more than once, the OSPF FAD TLV MUST be ignored by the
   receiver.  The Min Delay value advertised via the Min/Max
   Unidirectional Link Delay of ASLA sub-TLV [RFC9492], MUST be compared
   against the Maximum delay advertised in the FAEMD sub-TLV.  If the
   Min Unidirectional Link Delay is higher than the Maximum delay
   advertised in the FAEMD sub-TLV, the link MUST be excluded from the
   Flex-Algorithm topology.  If the Min/Max Unidirectional Link Delay is
   not aadvertised for a link but the FAD contains this sub-TLV,then
   then that link MUST NOT be excluded from the topology based on the
   Maximum Delay constraint.

4.  Bandwidth Metric Advertisement

   Historically, IGP implementations have made default metric
   assignments based on link bandwidth.  This has proven to be useful,
   but has suffered from having different defaults across
   implementations and from the rapid growth of link bandwidths.  With
   Flex-Algorithm, the network administrator can define a function that
   will produce a metric for each link and have each node automatically
   compute each link's metric based its bandwidth.

   This document defines a standard metric type for this purpose called
   the "Bandwidth Metric".  The Bandwidth Metric MAY be advertised in
   the Generic Metric sub-TLV with the metric type set to "Bandwidth
   Metric".  IS-IS and OSPF will advertise this type of metric in their

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   link advertisements.  Bandwidth metric is a link attribute and for
   the advertisement and processing of this attribute for Flex-
   algorithm, MUST follow the the section 12 of [RFC9350]

   Flex-Algorithm uses this metric type by specifying the bandwidth
   metric as the metric type in a FAD TLV.  A FAD TLV may also specify
   an automatic computation of the bandwidth metric based on a link's
   advertised bandwidth.  An explicit advertisement of a link's
   bandwidth metric using the Generic Metric sub-TLV overrides this
   automatic computation.  The automatic bandwidth metric calculation
   sub-TLVs are advertised in the FAD TLV and these parameters are
   applicable to applications such as Flex-algorithm that make use of
   the FAD TLV.

4.1.  Automatic Metric Calculation

   Networks which are designed to be highly regular and follow uniform
   metric assignment may want to simplify their operations by
   automatically calculating the bandwidth metric.  When a FAD
   advertises the metric type as Bandwidth Metric and the link does not
   have the Bandwidth Metric advertised, automatic metric derivation can
   be used with additional FAD constraint advertisement as described in
   this section.

   If a link's bandwidth changes, then the delay in learning about the
   change may create the possibility of micro-loops in the topology.
   This is no different from the IGP's susceptibility to micro-loops
   during a metric change.  The micro-loop avoidance procedures
   described in [I-D.bashandy-rtgwg-segment-routing-uloop] or any other
   mechanism as described in the framework [RFC5715] can be used to
   avoid micro-loops when the automatic metric calculation is deployed.

   Computing the metric between adjacent systems based on bandwidth
   becomes more complex in the case of parallel adjacencies.  If there
   are parallel adjacencies between systems, then the bandwidth between
   the systems is the sum of the bandwidth of the parallel links.  This
   is somewhat more complex to deal with, so there is an optional mode
   for computing the aggregate bandwidth.

4.1.1.  Automatic Metric Calculation Modes

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4.1.1.1.  Simple Mode

   In simple mode, the Maximum Link Bandwidth of a single layer-3 link
   is used to derive the metric.  This mode is suitable for deployments
   that do not use parallel layer-3 links.  In this case, the
   computation of the metric is straightforward.  If a layer-3 link is
   composed of a layer-2 bundle, then the link bandwidth is the sum of
   the bandwidths of the working components and may vary with layer-2
   link failures.

4.1.1.2.  Interface Group Mode

   The simple mode of metric calculation may not work well when there
   are multiple parallel layer-3 interfaces between two nodes.  Ideally,
   the metric between two systems should be the same given the same
   bandwidth, whether the bandwidth is provided by parallel layer-2
   links or parallel layer-3 links.  To address this, in Interface Group
   Mode, nodes MUST compute the aggregate bandwidth of all parallel
   adjacencies, MUST derive the metric based on the aggregate bandwidth,
   and MUST apply the resulting metric to each of the parallel
   adjacencies.  Note that a single elephant flow is normally pinned to
   a single layer-3 interface.  If the single layer-3 link bandwidth is
   not sufficient for any single elephant flow, the mechanisms to solve
   this issue are outside the scope of this document.

           A------B====C====F====D
                  |              |
                   ------E-------

                       Figure 7: Parallel interfaces

   For exmple, in the above diagram, there are two parallel links
   between B->C, C->F, F->D.  Let us assume the link bandwidth is
   uniform 10Gbps on all links.  When bandwidth is used to derive the
   metric for the links, the metric for each link will be the same.
   Traffic from B to D will be forwarded B->E->D as the metric will be
   lower.  Since the bandwidth is higher on the B->C->F->D path, the
   metric for that path should be lower than the B->E->D path to attract
   the traffic on B->C->F->D path.  Interface Group Mode should be
   preferred in cases where there are parallel layer-3 links.

   In the interface group mode, every node MUST identify the set of
   parallel links between a pair of nodes based on IGP link
   advertisements and MUST consider cumulative bandwidth of the parallel
   links while arriving at the metric of each link.

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   The parallel layer-3 links between two nodes may not have the same
   bandwidth.  In such cases the method described in interface group
   mode will result in same metric being used for all the parallel links
   which may cause undesired load-balancing on the links.  In such
   cases, a device may locally apply load-balancing factor relative to
   the link bandwidth on the ECMP nexthops.

4.1.2.  Automatic Metric Calculation Methods

   In automatic metric calculation for simple and interface group mode,
   Maximum Link Bandwidth of the links is used to derive the metric.
   There are two types of automatic metric derivation methods.

      1.  Reference bandwidth method

      2.  Bandwidth thresholds method

4.1.2.1.  Reference Bandwidth method

   In many networks, the metric is inversely proportional to the link
   bandwidth.  The administrator or implementation selects a reference
   bandwdith and the metric is derived by dividing the reference
   bandwidth by the advertised Maximum Link Bandwidth.  Advertising the
   reference bandwidth in the FAD constraints allows the metric
   computation to be done on every node for each link.  The metric is
   computed using reference bandwidth and the advertised link bandwidth.
   Centralized control of this reference bandwidth simplifies management
   in the case that the reference bandwidth changes.  In order to ensure
   that small bandwidth changes do not change the link metric, it is
   useful to define the granularity of the bandwidth that is of
   interest.  The link bandwidth will be truncated to this granularity
   before deriving the metric.

   For example,

      reference bandwidth = 1000G

      Granularity = 20G

      The derived metric is 10 for link bandwidth in the range 100G to
      119G

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4.1.2.2.  Bandwidth Thresholds method

   The reference bandwidth approach described above provides a uniform
   metric value for a range of link bandwidths.  In certain cases there
   may be a need to define non-proportional metric values for the
   varying ranges of link bandwidth.  For example, bandwidths from 10G
   to 30G are assigned metric value 100, bandwidth from 30G to 70G get a
   metric value of 50, and bandwidths greater than 70G have a metric of
   10.  In order to support this, a staircase mapping based on bandwidth
   thresholds is supported in the FAD.  This advertisement contains a
   set of threshold values and associated metrics.

4.1.3.  IS-IS FAD constraint Sub-TLVs for automatic metric calculation

4.1.3.1.  Reference Bandwidth Sub-TLV

   This section provides FAD constraint advertisement details for the
   reference bandwidth method of metric calculation as described in
   Section 4.1.2.1.  The Flexible Algorithm Definition Reference
   Bandwidth sub-TLV (FADRB sub-TLV) is a sub-TLV of the IS-IS FAD sub-
   TLV.  It has the following format:

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       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |      Type     |    Length     |     Flags     |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                      Reference Bandwidth                      |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                      Granularity Bandwidth                    |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

      where:

         Type: TBD7

         Length: 9 octets.
         Reference Bandwidth: Bandwidth encoded in IEEE floating point
                              format (32 bits).
                              The units are bytes-per-second.
         Granularity Bandwidth: Bandwidth encoded in IEEE floating point
                              format (32 bits).
                              The units are bytes-per-second.

      Flags:

                    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
                   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
                   |G|             |
                   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

            G-flag: When set, Interface Group Mode MUST be used to
                    derive total link bandwidth.

       When granularity_bw is less than or equal to Total_link_bandwidth

           Metric calculation: (Reference_bandwidth) /
                                 (Total_link_bandwidth -
                                  (Modulus of(Total_link_bandwidth,
                                              granularity_bw)))

       When granularity_bw is greater than Total_link_bandwidth
               Metric calculation: Reference_bandwidth /
                                          Total_link_bandwidth

                       Figure 8: IS-IS FADRB Sub-TLV

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   The Granularity Bandwidth value ensures that the metric does not
   change when there is a small change in the link bandwidth.  The IS-IS
   FADRB sub-TLV MUST NOT appear more than once in an IS-IS FAD sub-TLV.
   If it appears more than once, the IS-IS FAD sub-TLV MUST be ignored
   by the receiver.  The value advertised in the Reference Bandwidth
   field MUST be non-zero.  If a zero value is advertised in the
   Reference Bandwidth Field in the IS-IS FADRB sub-TLV, the sub-TLV
   MUST be ignored.  If a Generic Metric sub-TLV with Bandwidth metric
   type is advertised for a link, the Flex-Algorithm calculation MUST
   use the advertised Bandwidth Metric, and MUST NOT use the
   automatically derived metric for that link.  In case of Interface
   Group Mode, if all the parallel links have been advertised with the
   Bandwidth Metric, The individual link Bandwidth Metric MUST be used.
   If only some links among the parallel links have the Bandwidth Metric
   advertisement, the Bandwidth Metric for such links MUST be ignored
   and automatic Metric calculation MUST be used to derive link metric.

   If the calculated metric evaluates to zero, a metric of 1 MUST be
   used.

   If the calculated metric evaluates to a number greater than 0xFFFFFF,
   it is set to 0xFFFFFF.

4.1.3.2.  Bandwidth Thresholds Sub-TLV

   This section provides FAD constraint advertisement details for the
   Bandwidth Thresholds method of metric calculation as described in
   Section 4.1.2.2.  The Flexible Algorithm Definition Bandwidth
   Threshold sub-TLV (FADBT sub-TLV) is a sub-TLV of the IS-IS FAD sub-
   TLV.  It has the following format:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |      Type     |    Length     |       Flags   |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                     Bandwidth Threshold 1                     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                     Threshold Metric 1        |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                     Bandwidth Threshold 2                     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                     Threshold Metric 2        |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                     Bandwidth Threshold 3                     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
                                   .....
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

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    |                     Threshold Metric N-1      |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                     Bandwidth Threshold N                     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                     Threshold Metric N        |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

       where:

       Type: TBD8

       Length: 1 + n*7 octets. Here n is equal to number of Threshold
               Metrics specified. n MUST be greater than or equal to 1.

       Flags:

                  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
                 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
                 |G| | |         |
                 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

         G-flag: when set, interface group Mode MUST be used to derive
                  total link bandwidth.

         Staircase bandwidth threshold and associated metric values.
         Bandwidth Threshold 1: Minimum Link Bandwidth is encoded in
                                in IEEE floating point format (32 bits).
                                The units are bytes-per-second.
         Threshold Metric 1 : Metric value range (1 - 4,261,412,864)
         Bandwidth Threshold n: Maximum Link Bandwidth is encoded
                                in IEEE floating point format (32 bits).
                                The units are bytes-per-second.
         Threshold Metric n : Metric value range (1 - 4,261,412,864)

                     Figure 9: IS-IS FADBT Sub-TLV

   When G-flag is set, the cumulative bandwidth of the parallel links is
   computed as described in section Section 4.1.1.2.  If G-flag is not
   set, the advertised Maximum Link Bandwidth is used.

   When the computed link bandwidth is less than Bandwidth Threshold 1,
   the MAX_METRIC value of 4,261,412,864 MUST be assigned as the
   Bandwidth Metric on the link during the Flex-Algorithm SPF
   calculation.

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   When the computed link bandwidth is greater than or equal to
   Bandwidth Threshold 1 and less than Bandwidth Threshold 2, Threshold
   Metric 1 MUST be assigned as the Bandwidth Metric on the link during
   the Flex-Algorithm SPF calculation.

   Similarly, when the computed link bandwidth is greater than or equal
   to Bandwidth Threshold 2 and less than Bandwidth Threshold 3,
   Threshold Metric 2 MUST be assigned as the Bandwidth Metric on the
   link during the Flex-Algorithm SPF calculation.

   In general, when the computed link bandwidth is greater than or equal
   to Bandwidth Threshold X AND less than Bandwidth Threshold X+1,
   Threshold Metric X MUST be assigned as the Bandwidth Metric on the
   link during the Flex-Algorithm SPF calculation.

   Finally, when the computed link bandwidth is greater than or equal to
   Bandwidth Threshold N, then Threshold Metric N MUST be assigned as
   the Bandwidth Metric on the link during Flex-Algorithm SPF
   calculation.

   The IS-IS FADBT sub-TLV MUST NOT appear more than once in an IS-IS
   FAD sub-TLV.  If it appears more than once, the IS-IS FAD sub-TLV
   MUST MUST stop participating in such flex-algorithm.

   A FAD MUST NOT contain both the FADBT sub-TLV and the FADRB sub-TLV.
   If both these sub-TLVs are advertised in the same FAD for a Flexible
   Algorithm, the FAD MUST be ignored by the receiver.

   If a Generic Metric sub-TLV with Bandwidth metric type is advertised
   for a link, the Flex-Algorithm calculation MUST use the Bandwidth
   Metric advertised on the link, and MUST NOT use the automatically
   derived metric for that link.

   In case of Interface Group Mode, if all the parallel links have been
   advertised with the Bandwidth Metric, The individual link Bandwidth
   Metric MUST be used.  If only some links among the parallel links
   have the Bandwidth Metric advertisement, the Bandwidth Metric for
   such links MUST be ignored and automatic Metric calculation MUST be
   used to derive link metric.

4.1.4.  OSPF FAD constraint Sub-TLVs for automatic metric calculation

4.1.4.1.  Reference Bandwidth Sub-TLV

   The Flexible Algorithm Definition Reference Bandwidth sub-TLV (FADRB
   sub-TLV) is a sub-TLV of the OSPF FAD TLV.  It has the following
   format:

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       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |      Type                     |    Length                     |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |    Flags   |     Reserved                                     |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                      Reference Bandwidth                      |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                      Granularity Bandwidth                    |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

      where:

         Type: TBD9

         Length: 14 octets.
         Reference Bandwidth: Bandwidth encoded in 32 bits in
                              IEEE floating point format.
                              The units are in bytes per second.
         Granularity Bandwidth: Bandwidth encoded in 32 bits in
                               IEEE floating point format.
                               The units are in bytes per second.

      Flags:

                    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
                   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
                   |G| | |         |
                   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

            G-flag: When set, Interface Group Mode MUST be used
                    to derive total link bandwidth.

       When granularity_bw is less than or equal to Total_link_bandwidth

           Metric calculation: (Reference_bandwidth) /
                                   (Total_link_bandwidth -
                                   (Modulus of(Total_link_bandwidth,
                                               granularity_bw)))

       When granularity_bw is greater than Total_link_bandwidth

           Metric calculation: Reference_bandwidth/
                       Total_link_bandwidth

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                       Figure 10: OSPF FADRB Sub-TLV

   The Granularity Bandwidth value is used to ensure that the metric
   does not change when there is a small change in the link bandwidth.
   The OSPF FADRB sub-TLV MUST NOT appear more than once in an OSPF FAD
   TLV.  If it appears more than once, the OSPF FAD TLV MUST be ignored
   by the receiver.The value advertised in the Reference Bandwidth field
   MUST be non-zero.  If a zero value is advertised in the Reference
   Bandwidth Field in the OSPF FADRB sub-TLV, the sub-TLV MUST be
   ignored.  If a Generic Metric sub-TLV with Bandwidth metric type is
   advertised for a link, the Flex-Algorithm calculation MUST use the
   advertised Bandwidth Metric on the link, and MUST NOT use the
   automatically derived metric for that link.In case of Interface Group
   Mode, if all the parallel links have been advertised with the
   Bandwidth Metric, The individual link Bandwidth Metric MUST be used.
   If only some links among the parallel links have the Bandwidth Metric
   advertisement, the Bandwidth Metric for such links MUST be ignored
   and automatic Metric calculation MUST be used to derive link metric.

   If the calculated metric evaluates to zero, a metric of 1 MUST be
   used.

   If the calculated metric evaluates to a number greater than
   0xFFFFFFFF, it is set to 0xFFFFFFFF.

4.1.4.2.  Bandwidth Threshold Sub-TLV

   The Flexible Algorithm Definition Bandwidth Thresholds sub-TLV (FADBT
   sub-TLV) is a sub-TLV of the OSPF FAD TLV.  It has the following
   format:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |      Type                     |    Length                     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |    Flags   | Reserved                                         |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                     Bandwidth Threshold 1                     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                     Threshold Metric 1                        |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                     Bandwidth Threshold 2                     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                     Threshold Metric 2                        |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                     Bandwidth Threshold 3                     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

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                                   .....
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                     Threshold Metric N-1                      |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                     Bandwidth Threshold N                     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                     Threshold Metric N                        |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

    where:

       Type: TBD10

       Length: 2 + N*8 octets. Here n is equal to number of
       Threshold Metrics specified.
               N MUST be greater than or equal to 1.

       Flags:

                  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
                 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
                 |G|             |
                 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

          G-flag: when set, interface group Mode MUST be used to
                  derive total link bandwidth.

         Staircase bandwidth threshold and associated metric values.
         Bandwidth Threshold 1: Minimum Link Bandwidth is encoded
                                in IEEE floating point format (32 bits).
                                The units are bytes per second.
         Threshold Metric 1 : Metric value range (1 - 4,294,967,296)
         Bandwidth Threshold N: Maximum Link Bandwidth is encoded
                                in IEEE floating point format (32 bits).
                                The units are bytes per second.
         Threshold Metric N : Metric value range (1 - 4,294,967,296)

                     Figure 11: OSPF FADBT Sub-TLV

   When G-flag is set, the cumulative bandwidth of the parallel links is
   computed as described in section Section 4.1.1.2.  If G-flag is not
   set, the advertised Maximum Link Bandwidth is used.

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   When the computed link bandwidth is less than Bandwidth Threshold 1 ,
   the MAX_METRIC value of 4,294,967,296 MUST be assigned as the
   Bandwidth Metric on the link during the Flex-Algorithm SPF
   calculation.

   When the computed link bandwidth is greater than or equal to
   Bandwidth Threshold 1 and less than Bandwidth Threshold 2, Threshold
   Metric 1 MUST be assigned as the Bandwidth Metric on the link during
   the Flex-Algorithm SPF calculation.

   Similarly, when the computed link bandwidth is greater than or equal
   to Bandwidth Threshold 2 and less than Bandwidth Threshold 3,
   Threshold Metric 2 MUST be assigned as the Bandwidth Metric on the
   link during the Flex-Algorithm SPF calculation.

   In general, when the computed link bandwidth is greater than or equal
   to Bandwidth Threshold X AND less than Bandwidth Threshold X+1,
   Threshold Metric X MUST be assigned as the Bandwidth Metric on the
   link during the Flex-Algorithm SPF calculation.

   Finally, when the computed link bandwidth is greater than or equal to
   Bandwidth Threshold N, then Threshold Metric N MUST be assigned as
   the Bandwidth Metric on the link during the Flex-Algorithm SPF
   calculation.

   The IS-IS FADBT sub-TLV MUST NOT appear more than once in an IS-IS
   FAD sub-TLV.  If it appears more than once, the IS-IS FAD sub-TLV
   MUST stop participating in such flex-algorithm.

   A FAD MUST NOT contain both the FADBT sub-TLV and the FADRB sub-TLV.
   If both these sub-TLVs are advertised in the same FAD for a Flexible
   Algorithm, the FAD MUST be ignored by the receiver.

   If a Generic Metric sub-TLV with Bandwidth metric type is advertised
   for a link, the Flex-Algorithm calculation MUST use the Bandwidth
   Metric advertised on the link, and MUST NOT use the automatically
   derived metric for that link.

   In case of Interface Group Mode, if all the parallel links have been
   advertised with the Bandwidth Metric, The individual link Bandwidth
   Metric MUST be used.  If only some links among the parallel links
   have the Bandwidth Metric advertisement, the Bandwidth Metric for
   such links MUST be ignored and automatic Metric calculation MUST be
   used to derive link metric.

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5.  Bandwidth metric considerations

   This section specifies the rules of deriving the Bandwidth Metric if
   and only if the winning FAD for the Flex-Algorithm specifies the
   metric-type as "Bandwidth Metric".

      1.  If the Generic Metric sub-TLV with Bandwidth metric type is
      advertised for the link as described in Section 4, it MUST be used
      during the Flex-Algorithm calculation.

      2.  If the Generic Metric sub-TLV with Bandwidth metric type is
      not advertised for the link and the winning FAD for the Flex-
      Algorithm does not specify the automatic bandwidth metric
      calculation (as defined in Section 4.1 ), the the link is treated
      as if the Bandwidth Metric is not available for the link.

      3.  If the Generic Metric sub-TLV with Bandwidth metric type is
      not advertised for the link and the winning FAD for the Flex-
      Algorithm specifies the automatic bandwidth metric calculation (as
      defined in Section 4.1), the Bandwidth Metric metric MUST be
      automatically calculated as per the procedures defined in
      Section 4.1.  If the Link Bandwidth is not advertised for a link,
      the link MUST be pruned for the Flex-Algorithm calculations.

      4.In ISIS the Link Bandwidth for Flex-Algorithm purposes is
      advertised as a sub-sub-TLV 9 of the Flex-algorithm specific ASLA
      sub-TLV.  It is also possible to advertise the link bandwidth or
      Flex-Algorithm, in sub-TLV 9 of TLV 22/222/23/223/141 [RFC5305],
      together with the L-Flag set in the Flex-Algorithm specific ASLA
      advertisement.  In the absence of both of these advertisements,
      the bandwidth of the link is not available for Flex-Algorithm
      purposes.

6.  Calculation of Flex-Algorithm paths

   Two new additional rules are added to the existing rules in the Flex-
   Algorithm calculations specified in sec 13 of [RFC9350].

      6.  Check if any exclude FAEMB rule is part of the Flex-Algorithm
      definition.  If such exclude rule exists and the link has Maximum
      Link Bandwidth advertised, check if the link bandwidth satisfies
      the FAEMB rule.  If the link does not satisfy the FAEMB rule, the
      link MUST be pruned from the Flex-Algorithm computation.

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      7.  Check if any exclude FAEMD rule is part of the Flex-Algorithm
      definition.  If such exclude rule exists and the link has Min
      Unidirectional link delay advertised, check if the link delay
      satisfies the FAEMD rule.  If the link does not satisfy the FAEMD
      rule, the link MUST be pruned from the Flex-Algorithm computation.

7.  Backward Compatibility

   This extension brings no new backward-compatibility issues.  This
   document defines new FAD constraints in Section 3 Section 4.1.3 and
   Section 4.1.4.  As described in [RFC9350], any node that does not
   understand sub-TLVs in a FAD TLV, stops participation in the
   corresponding Flex-Algorithm.  The new extensions can be deployed
   among the nodes that are upgraded to understand the new extensions
   without affecting the nodes that are not upgraded.  This document
   also defines a new metric advertisement as described in Section 2.
   As per Sec 13 of [RFC9350], the links that do not advertise the
   metric-type specified by the selected FAD, the link is pruned from
   Flex-Algorithm calculations.  The new metric-types and the Flex-
   Algorithms using new metric-types can be deployed in the network
   without affecting existing deployment.

8.  Security Considerations

   This document inherits security considerations from [RFC9350].

9.  Operational Considerations

   Operational consideration defined in [RFC9350] generally apply to the
   extensions defined in this document as well.  This document defines
   metric-type range for user defined metrics.  When user defined
   metrics are used in an inter-area or inter-level network, all the
   domains should assign same meaning to the particular metric-type.

10.  IANA Considerations

10.1.  IGP Metric-Type Registry

   IGP Metric-type Registry is updated to include another column
   specifying whether the pariticular metric-type is allowed in the
   generic-metric sub-TLV or not.

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        Type Description                 Reference       Allowed in
                                                         generic-metric
        ----------------------------------------------------------------
         0    IGP Metric                  [RFC9350]        No
                                         Section 5.1
         1    Min Unidirectional          [RFC9350]        No
              Link Delay as defined      Section 5.1
              in [RFC8570,
              Section 4.2],and
              [RFC7471, Section 4.2]

         2    Traffic Engineering Default [RFC9350]        No
              Metric as defined in       Section 5.1
             [RFC5305,Section 3.7],
             and [RFC3630, Section 2.5.5]
         3(TBA) Bandwidth Metric         this document     yes

       128-255(TBA) User defined metric this document     yes

                  Figure 12: IANA IGP Metric-Type Registry

10.2.  IS-IS Sub-Sub-TLVs for Flexible Algorithm Definition Sub-TLV

   Type: 6(TBD3)

   Description: IS-IS Exclude Minimum Bandwidth Sub-TLV

   Reference: This document Section 3.1.1

   Type: 7 (TBD4)

   Description: IS-IS Exclude Maximum Delay Sub-TLV

   Reference: This document Section 3.1.2

   Type: 8 (TBD7)

   Description: IS-IS Reference Bandwidth Sub-TLV

   Reference: This document Section 4.1.3.1

   Type: 9(TBD8)

   Description: IS-IS Threshold Metric Sub-TLV

   Reference: This document Section 4.1.3.2

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10.3.  OSPF Sub-TLVs for Flexible Algorithm Definition Sub-TLV

   Type:6 (TBD5)

   Description: OSPF Exclude Minimum Bandwidth Sub-TLV

   Reference: This document Section 3.2.1

   Type: 7(TBD6)

   Description: OSPF Exclude Maximum Delay Sub-TLV

   Reference: This document Section 3.2.2

   Type: 8(TBD9)

   Description: OSPF Reference Bandwidth Sub-TLV

   Reference: This document Section 4.1.4.1

   Type: 9 (TBD10)

   Description: OSPF Threshold Metric Sub-TLV

   Reference: This document Section 4.1.4.2

10.4.  IS-IS Sub-TLVs for TLVs Advertising Neighbor Information

   Type:17 (TBD1)

   Description: Generic metric

   Reference: This document Section 2.1

   TLV 22,23,25, 141, 222 and 223 set to Y

10.5.  Sub-sub-TLV Codepoints for Application-Specific Link Attributes

   Type: 17 (TBD1)

   Description: Generic metric

   Reference: This document Section 2.1

10.6.  OSPFv2 Extended Link TLV Sub-TLVs

   Type: 25(TBD2)

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   Description: Generic metric

   Reference: This document Section 2.2

   L2BM set to Y

10.7.  Types for Sub-TLVs of TE Link TLV (Value 2)

   Type: 36 (TBD2)

   Description: Generic metric

   Reference: This document Section 2.2

10.8.  OSPFv3 Extended-LSA Sub-TLVs

   Type: 34 (TBD2)

   Description: Generic metric

   Reference: This document Section 2.2

   L2BM set to Y

11.  Acknowledgements

   Many thanks to Chris Bowers, Krzysztof Szarcowitz, Julian Lucek, Ram
   Santhanakrishnan, Ketan Talaulikar and Acee Lindem for discussions
   and inputs.

12.  Contributors

   1.  Salih K A

   Juniper Networks

   salih@juniper.net

13.  APPENDIX

13.1.  Updated list of rules for pruning links in Flex-algorithm
       topology

   This section lists the entire set of rules to prune links from Flex-
   Algorithm topology during Flexible-algorithm calculation.  It
   includes the original rules defined in Section 13 of [RFC9350] as
   well as new additions proposed in this document.

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      For all links in the topology:

      1.  Check if any exclude Administrative Group rule is part of the
      Flex-Algorithm Definition.  If such exclude rule exists, check if
      any color that is part of the exclude rule is also set on the
      link.  If such a color is set, the link MUST be pruned from the
      computation.

      2.  Check if any exclude SRLG rule is part of the Flex-Algorithm
      Definition.  If such exclude rule exists, check if the link is
      part of any SRLG that is a lso part of the SRLG exclude rule.  If
      the link is part of such SRLG, the link MUST be pruned from the
      computation.

      3.  Check if any include-any Administrative Group rule is part of
      the Flex-Algorithm Definition.  If such include-any rule exists,
      check if any color that is part of the include-any rule is also
      set on the link.  If no such color is set, the link MUST be pruned
      from the computation.

      4.  Check if any include-all Administrative Group rule is part of
      the Flex-Algorithm Definition.  If such include-all rule exists,
      check if all colors that are part of the include-all rule are also
      set on the link.  If all such colors are not set on the link, the
      link MUST be pruned from the computation.

      5.  If the Flex-Algorithm Definition uses something other than the
      IGP metric (Section 5 of [RFC9350]), and such metric is not
      advertised for the particular link in a topology for which the
      computation is done, such link MUST be pruned from the
      computation.  A metric of value 0 MUST NOT be assumed in such a
      case.

      6.  Check if any exclude FAEMB rule is part of the Flex-Algorithm
      definition.  If such exclude rule exists and the link has Maximum
      Link Bandwidth advertised, check if the link bandwidth satisfies
      the FAEMB rule.  If the link does not satisfy the FAEMB rule, the
      link MUST be pruned from the Flex-Algorithm computation.

      7.  Check if any exclude FAEMD rule is part of the Flex-Algorithm
      definition.  If such exclude rule exists and the link has Min
      Unidirectional link delay advertised, check if the link delay
      satisfies the FAEMD rule.  If the link does not satisfy the FAEMD
      rule, the link MUST be pruned from the Flex-Algorithm computation.

14.  References

14.1.  Normative References

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   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

   [RFC3630]  Katz, D., Kompella, K., and D. Yeung, "Traffic Engineering
              (TE) Extensions to OSPF Version 2", RFC 3630,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC3630, September 2003,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3630>.

   [RFC5305]  Li, T. and H. Smit, "IS-IS Extensions for Traffic
              Engineering", RFC 5305, DOI 10.17487/RFC5305, October
              2008, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5305>.

   [RFC5329]  Ishiguro, K., Manral, V., Davey, A., and A. Lindem, Ed.,
              "Traffic Engineering Extensions to OSPF Version 3",
              RFC 5329, DOI 10.17487/RFC5329, September 2008,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5329>.

   [RFC5392]  Chen, M., Zhang, R., and X. Duan, "OSPF Extensions in
              Support of Inter-Autonomous System (AS) MPLS and GMPLS
              Traffic Engineering", RFC 5392, DOI 10.17487/RFC5392,
              January 2009, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5392>.

   [RFC7684]  Psenak, P., Gredler, H., Shakir, R., Henderickx, W.,
              Tantsura, J., and A. Lindem, "OSPFv2 Prefix/Link Attribute
              Advertisement", RFC 7684, DOI 10.17487/RFC7684, November
              2015, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7684>.

   [RFC8362]  Lindem, A., Roy, A., Goethals, D., Reddy Vallem, V., and
              F. Baker, "OSPFv3 Link State Advertisement (LSA)
              Extensibility", RFC 8362, DOI 10.17487/RFC8362, April
              2018, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8362>.

   [RFC8668]  Ginsberg, L., Ed., Bashandy, A., Filsfils, C., Nanduri,
              M., and E. Aries, "Advertising Layer 2 Bundle Member Link
              Attributes in IS-IS", RFC 8668, DOI 10.17487/RFC8668,
              December 2019, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8668>.

   [RFC9350]  Psenak, P., Ed., Hegde, S., Filsfils, C., Talaulikar, K.,
              and A. Gulko, "IGP Flexible Algorithm", RFC 9350,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC9350, February 2023,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9350>.

   [RFC9356]  Talaulikar, K., Ed. and P. Psenak, "Advertising Layer 2
              Bundle Member Link Attributes in OSPF", RFC 9356,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC9356, January 2023,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9356>.

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   [RFC9479]  Ginsberg, L., Psenak, P., Previdi, S., Henderickx, W., and
              J. Drake, "IS-IS Application-Specific Link Attributes",
              RFC 9479, DOI 10.17487/RFC9479, October 2023,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9479>.

   [RFC9492]  Psenak, P., Ed., Ginsberg, L., Henderickx, W., Tantsura,
              J., and J. Drake, "OSPF Application-Specific Link
              Attributes", RFC 9492, DOI 10.17487/RFC9492, October 2023,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9492>.

14.2.  Informative References

   [I-D.bashandy-rtgwg-segment-routing-uloop]
              Bashandy, A., Filsfils, C., Litkowski, S., Decraene, B.,
              Francois, P., and P. Psenak, "Loop avoidance using Segment
              Routing", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-
              bashandy-rtgwg-segment-routing-uloop-17, 29 June 2024,
              <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-bashandy-
              rtgwg-segment-routing-uloop-17>.

   [RFC5120]  Przygienda, T., Shen, N., and N. Sheth, "M-ISIS: Multi
              Topology (MT) Routing in Intermediate System to
              Intermediate Systems (IS-ISs)", RFC 5120,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC5120, February 2008,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5120>.

   [RFC5311]  McPherson, D., Ed., Ginsberg, L., Previdi, S., and M.
              Shand, "Simplified Extension of Link State PDU (LSP) Space
              for IS-IS", RFC 5311, DOI 10.17487/RFC5311, February 2009,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5311>.

   [RFC5715]  Shand, M. and S. Bryant, "A Framework for Loop-Free
              Convergence", RFC 5715, DOI 10.17487/RFC5715, January
              2010, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5715>.

   [RFC7471]  Giacalone, S., Ward, D., Drake, J., Atlas, A., and S.
              Previdi, "OSPF Traffic Engineering (TE) Metric
              Extensions", RFC 7471, DOI 10.17487/RFC7471, March 2015,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7471>.

   [RFC8570]  Ginsberg, L., Ed., Previdi, S., Ed., Giacalone, S., Ward,
              D., Drake, J., and Q. Wu, "IS-IS Traffic Engineering (TE)
              Metric Extensions", RFC 8570, DOI 10.17487/RFC8570, March
              2019, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8570>.

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   [RFC9346]  Chen, M., Ginsberg, L., Previdi, S., and D. Xiaodong, "IS-
              IS Extensions in Support of Inter-Autonomous System (AS)
              MPLS and GMPLS Traffic Engineering", RFC 9346,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC9346, February 2023,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9346>.

Authors' Addresses

   Shraddha Hegde
   Juniper Networks Inc.
   Exora Business Park
   Bangalore 560103
   KA
   India
   Email: shraddha@juniper.net

   William Britto A J
   Juniper Networks Inc.
   Email: bwilliam@juniper.net

   Rajesh Shetty
   Juniper Networks Inc.
   Email: mrajesh@juniper.net

   Bruno Decraene
   Orange
   Email: bruno.decraene@orange.com

   Peter Psenak
   Cisco Systems
   Email: ppsenak@cisco.com

   Tony Li
   Juniper Networks Inc.
   Email: tony.li@tony.li

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