JSON binding of IODEF
draft-ietf-mile-jsoniodef-03
The information below is for an old version of the document.
Document | Type |
This is an older version of an Internet-Draft that was ultimately published as RFC 8727.
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Authors | Takeshi Takahashi , Roman Danyliw , Mio Suzuki | ||
Last updated | 2018-03-18 | ||
Replaces | draft-takahashi-mile-jsoniodef | ||
RFC stream | Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) | ||
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Additional resources | Mailing list discussion | ||
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IESG | IESG state | Became RFC 8727 (Proposed Standard) | |
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draft-ietf-mile-jsoniodef-03
MILE T. Takahashi Internet-Draft NICT Intended status: Standards Track R. Danyliw Expires: September 19, 2018 CERT M. Suzuki NICT March 18, 2018 JSON binding of IODEF draft-ietf-mile-jsoniodef-03 Abstract RFC7970 specified an information model and a corresponding XML data model for exchanging incident and indicator information. This draft provides an alternative data model implementation in JSON. Status of This Memo This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet- Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." This Internet-Draft will expire on September 19, 2018. Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2018 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of Takahashi, et al. Expires September 19, 2018 [Page 1] Internet-Draft JSON-IODEF March 2018 the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License. Table of Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.1. Requirements Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. IODEF Data Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2.1. Abstract Data Type to JSON Data Type Mapping . . . . . . 3 2.2. Complex JSON Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.2.1. Multilingual Strings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.2.2. Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.2.3. StructuredInfo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3. IODEF JSON Data Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.1. Classes and Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.2. Mapping between JSON and XML IODEF . . . . . . . . . . . 16 4. Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 4.1. Minimal Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 4.2. Indicators from a Campaign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 5. The IODEF Data Model (JSON Schema) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 6. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 7. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 8. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 9. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 1. Introduction [RFC7970] defines a data representation for security incident reports and indicators commonly exchanged by operational security teams. It facilitates the automated exchange of this information to enable mitigation and watch-and-warning. Section 3 of [RFC7970] defined an information model using Unified Modeling Language (UML) and a corresponding Extensible Markup Language (XML) schema data model in Section 8. This UML-based information model and XML-based data model are referred to as IODEF UML and IODEF XML, respectively in this document. This document defines an alternate implementation of the IODEF UML information model by specifying a JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) data model using JSON Schema [jsonschema]. This JSON data model is referred to as IODEF JSON in this document. IODEF JSON provides all of the expressivity of IODEF XML. It gives implementers and operators an alternative format to exchange the same information. Takahashi, et al. Expires September 19, 2018 [Page 2] Internet-Draft JSON-IODEF March 2018 The normative IODEF JSON data model is found in Section 5. Section 2 and Section 3 describe the data types and elements of this data model. Section 4 provides examples. 1.1. Requirements Language The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119]. 2. IODEF Data Types The abstract IODEF JSON implements the abstract data types specified in Section 2 of [RFC7970]. 2.1. Abstract Data Type to JSON Data Type Mapping IODEF JSON uses native and derived JSON data types. Figure 1 describes the mapping between the abstract data types in Section 2 of [RFC7970] and their corresponding implementations in IODEF JSON. Takahashi, et al. Expires September 19, 2018 [Page 3] Internet-Draft JSON-IODEF March 2018 +-----------------+-------------------+-------------------------------+ | IODEF Data Type | [RFC7970] | JSON Data Type | | | Reference | | +-----------------+-------------------+-------------------------------+ | INTEGER | Section 2.1 | "integer" per [jsonschema] | | REAL | Section 2.2 | "number" per [jsonschema] | | CHARACTER | Section 2.3 | "string" per [jsonschema] | | STRING | Section 2.3 | "string" per [jsonschema] | | ML_STRING | Section 2.4 | see Section 2.2.1 | | BYTE | Section 2.5.1 | "string" per [jsonschema] | | BYTE[] | Section 2.5.1 | "string" per [jsonschema] | | HEXBIN | Section 2.5.2 | "string" per [jsonschema] | | HEXBIN[] | Section 2.5.2 | "string" per [jsonschema] | | ENUM | Section 2.6 | "enum" array per [jsonschema] | | DATETIME | Section 2.7 | "string" per [jsonschema] | | TIMEZONE | Section 2.8 | "string" per [jsonschema] | | PORTLIST | Section 2.9 | "string" per [jsonschema] | | POSTAL | Section 2.10 | "string" per [jsonschema] | | POSTAL_ML | Section 2.10 | see ML_STRING, Section 2.2.1 | | PHONE | Section 2.11 | "string" per [jsonschema] | | EMAIL | Section 2.12 | "string" per [jsonschema] | | URL | Section 2.13 | "string" per [jsonschema] | | IDREF | Section 2.14 | "string" per [jsonschema] | | SOFTWARE | Section 2.15 | see Section 2.2.2 | | STRUCTURED | N/A | see Section 2.2.3 | +-----------------+-------------------+-------------------------------+ Figure 1 2.2. Complex JSON Types 2.2.1. Multilingual Strings A string that needs to be represented in a human-readable language different than the default encoding of the document is represented in the information model by the ML_STRING data type. This data type is implemented as an object with "value", "lang", and "translation-id" elements as defined in Section 5. Examples are shown below. "MLStringType": { "value": "free-form text", //STRING "lang": "en", //ENUM "translation-id": "jp2en0023" //STRING } Takahashi, et al. Expires September 19, 2018 [Page 4] Internet-Draft JSON-IODEF March 2018 2.2.2. Software A particular version of software is represented in the information model by the SOFTWARE data type. This software can be described by using a reference, a URL, or with free-form text. The SOFTWARE data type is implemented as an object with "SoftwareReference", "URL", "Description", and "Description_ML" elements as defined in Section 5. Examples are shown below. "SoftwareType": { "SoftwareReference": {...}, //SoftwareReference "Description": ["MS Windows"] //STRING } 2.2.3. StructuredInfo Information provided in a form of structured string, such as ID, or structured information, such as XML documents, is represented in the information model by the StructuredInfo data type. Note that this type was originally specified in RFC7203. The StructuredInfo data type is implemented as an object with "SpecID", "ext-SpecID", "ContentID", "RawData", "Reference" elements. An example for embedding a structured ID is shown below. "StructuredInformation": { "SpecID": "cve", //ENUM "ContentID": "CVE-2007-5000" //STRING } When embedding the raw data, base64 conversion should be used for encoding the data, as shown below. "StructuredInformation": { "SpecID": "oval", //ENUM "RawData": "<<<strings encoded with base64>>>" //BYTE } 3. IODEF JSON Data Model 3.1. Classes and Elements The following table shows the list of IODEF Classes, their elements, and the corresponding section in [RFC7970]. Note that the complete JSON schema is defined in Section 5. +-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+ | IODEF Class | Class | Corresponding | | | Elements and | Section | Takahashi, et al. Expires September 19, 2018 [Page 5] Internet-Draft JSON-IODEF March 2018 | | Attribute | in [RFC7970] | +-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+ | IODEF-Document | version | 3.1 | | | lang? | | | | format-id? | | | | private-enum-name? | | | | private-enum-id? | | | | Incident+ | | | | AdditionalData* | | +-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+ | Incident | purpose | 3.2 | | | ext-purpose? | | | | status? | | | | ext-status? | | | | lang? | | | | restriction? | | | | ext-restriction? | | | | observable-id? | | | | IncidentID | | | | AlternativeID? | | | | RelatedActivity* | | | | DetectTime? | | | | StartTime? | | | | EndTime? | | | | RecoveryTime? | | | | ReportTime? | | | | GenrationTime? | | | | Description* | | | | Description_ML* | | | | Discovery* | | | | Assessment* | | | | Method* | | | | Contact+ | | | | EventData* | | | | Indicator* | | | | History? | | | | AdditionalData* | | +-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+ | IncidentID | id | 3.4 | | | name | | | | instance? | | | | restriction? | | | | ext-restriction? | | +-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+ | AlternativeID | restriction? | 3.5 | | | ext-restriction? | | | | IncidentID+ | | +-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+ Takahashi, et al. Expires September 19, 2018 [Page 6] Internet-Draft JSON-IODEF March 2018 | RelatedActivity | restriction? | 3.6 | | | ext-restriction? | | | | IncidentID* | | | | URL* | | | | ThreatActor* | | | | Campaign* | | | | IndicatorID* | | | | Confidence? | | | | Description* | | | | AdditionalData* | | +-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+ | ThreatActor | restriction? | 3.7 | | | ext-restriction? | | | | ThreatActorID* | | | | URL* | | | | Description* | | | | Description_ML* | | | | AdditionalData* | | +-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+ | Campaign | restriction? | | | | ext-restriction? | | | | CampaignID* | | | | URL* | | | | Description* | | | | Description_ML* | | | | AdditionalData* | 3.8 | +-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+ | Contact | role | | | | ext-role? | | | | type | | | | ext-type? | | | | restriction? | | | | ext-restriction? | | | | ContactName*,ContactName_ML* | | | | ContactTitle* | | | | ContactTitle_ML* | | | | Description* | | | | Description_ML* | | | | RegistryHandle* | | | | PostalAddress* | | | | Email* | | | | Telephone* | | | | Timezone? | | | | Contact* | | | | AdditionalData* | 3.9 | +-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+ | RegistryHandle | handle| | | | | registry| | | Takahashi, et al. Expires September 19, 2018 [Page 7] Internet-Draft JSON-IODEF March 2018 | | ext-registry? | 3.9.1 | +-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+ | PostalAddress | type?| | | | | ext-type?| | | | | PAddress| | | | | Description*| | | | | Description_ML* | 3.9.2 | +-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+ | Email | type? | | | | ext-type? | | | | EmailTo | | | | Description* | | | | Description_ML* | 3.9.3 | +-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+ | Telephone | type? | | | | ext-type? | | | | TelephoneNumber | | | | Description* | | | | Description_ML* | 3.9.4 | +-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+ | Discovery | source? | | | | ext-source? | | | | restriction? | | | | ext-restriction? | | | | Description* | | | | Description_ML* | | | | Contact* | | | | DetectionPattern* | 3.10 | +-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+ | DetectionPattern | restriction? | 3.10.1 | | | ext-restriction? | | | | observable-id? | | | | Application | | | | Description* | | | | Description_ML* | | | | DetectionConfiguration* | | +-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+ | Method | restriction? | | | | ext-restriction? | | | | Reference* | | | | Description* | | | | Description_ML* | | | | AttackPattern* | | | | Vulnerability* | | | | Weakness* | 3.11 | +-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+ | Reference | observable-id? | | | | ReferenceName? | | Takahashi, et al. Expires September 19, 2018 [Page 8] Internet-Draft JSON-IODEF March 2018 | | URL* | | | | Description* | | | | Description_ML* | 3.11.1 | +-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+ | Assessment | occurence? | | | | restriction? | | | | ext-restriction? | | | | observable-id? | | | | IncidentCategory* | | | | SystemImpact* | | | | BusinessImpact* | | | | TimeImpact* | | | | MonetaryImpact* | | | | IntendedImpact* | | | | Counter* | | | | MitigationFactor* | | | | MitigationFactor_ML*| | | | Cause* | | | | Cause_ML* | | | | Confidence? | | | | AdditionalData* | 3.12 | +-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+ | SystemImpact | severity? | | | | completion? | | | | type | | | | ext-type? | | | | Description* | | | | Description_ML* | 3.12.1 | +-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+ | BusinessImpact | severity? | | | | ext-severity? | | | | type | | | | ext-type? | | | | Description* | | | | Description_ML* | 3.12.2 | +-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+ | TimeImpact | value | | | | severity? | | | | metric | | | | ext-metric? | | | | duration? | | | | ext-duration? | 3.12.3 | +-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+ | MonetaryImpact | value | | | | severity? | | | | currency? | 3.12.4 | +-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+ | Confidence | value | | Takahashi, et al. Expires September 19, 2018 [Page 9] Internet-Draft JSON-IODEF March 2018 | | rating | | | | ext-rating? | 3.12.5 | +-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+ | History | restriction? | | | | ext-restriction? | | | | HistoryItem+ | 3.13 | +-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+ | HistoryItem | action | | | | ext-action? | | | | restriction? | | | | ext-restriction? | | | | observable-id? | | | | DateTime | | | | IncidentID? | | | | Contact? | | | | Description* | | | | Description_ML* | | | | DefinedCOA* | | | | AdditionalData* | 3.13.1 | +-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+ | EventData | restriction? | | | | ext-restriction? | | | | observable-id? | | | | Description* | | | | Description_ML* | | | | DetectTime? | | | | StartTime? | | | | EndTime? | | | | RecoveryTime? | | | | ReportTime? | | | | Contact* | | | | Discovery* | | | | Assessment? | | | | Method* | | | | Expectation* | | | | RecordData* | | | | EventData* | | | | AdditionalData* | 3.14 | +-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+ | Expectation | action? | | | | ext-action? | | | | severity? | | | | restriction? | | | | ext-restriction? | | | | Description* | | | | Description_ML* | | | | DefinedCOA* | | | | StartTime? | | Takahashi, et al. Expires September 19, 2018 [Page 10] Internet-Draft JSON-IODEF March 2018 | | EndTime? | | | | Contact? | 3.15 | +-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+ | System | category? | | | | ext-category? | | | | interface? | | | | spoofed? | | | | virtual? | | | | ownership? | | | | ext-ownership? | | | | restriction? | | | | ext-restriction? | | | | Node | | | | NodeRole* | | | | Service* | | | | OperatingSystem* | | | | Counter* | | | | AssetID* | | | | Description* | | | | Description_ML* | | | | AdditionalData* | 3.16 | +-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+ | Node | DomainData* | | | | Address* | | | | PostalAddress? | | | | Location* | | | | Location_ML* | | | | Counter* | 3.17 | +-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+ | Address | value | | | | category | | | | ext-category? | | | | vlan-name? | | | | vlan-num? | | | | observable-id? | 3.17.1 | +-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+ | NodeRole | category | | | | ext-category? | | | | Description* | | | | Description_ML* | 3.17.2 | +-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+ | Counter | value | | | | type | | | | ext-type? | | | | unit | | | | ext-unit? | | | | meaning? | | | | meaning_ML? | | Takahashi, et al. Expires September 19, 2018 [Page 11] Internet-Draft JSON-IODEF March 2018 | | duration? | | | | ext-duration? | 3.17.3 | +-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+ | DomainData | system-status | | | | ext-system-status? | | | | domain-status | | | | ext-domain-status? | | | | observable-id? | | | | Name | | | | DateDomainWasChecked?| | | | RegistrationDate? | | | | ExpirationDate ?| | | | RelatedDNS* | | | | Nameservers* | | | | DomainContacts? | 3.18 | +-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+ | Nameserver | Server | | | | Address* | 3.18.1 | +-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+ | DomainContacts | SameDomainContact? | | | | Contact+ | 3.18.2 | +-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+ | Service | ip-protocol? | | | | observable-id? | | | | ServiceName? | | | | Port? | | | | Portlist? | | | | ProtoCode? | | | | ProtoType? | | | | ProtoField? | | | | ApplicationHeaderField+| | | | EmailData? | | | | Application? | 3.19 | +-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+ | ServiceName | IANAService? | | | | URL* | | | | Description* | | | | Description_ML* | 3.19.1 | +-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+ | EmailData | observable-id? | | | | EmailTo* | | | | EmailFrom? | | | | EmailSubject? | | | | EmailX-Mailer? | | | | EmailHeaderField* | | | | EmailHeaders? | | | | EmailBody? | | | | EmailMessage? | | Takahashi, et al. Expires September 19, 2018 [Page 12] Internet-Draft JSON-IODEF March 2018 | | HashData* | | | | Signature* | 3.19.2 | +-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+ | RecordData | restriction? | | | | ext-restriction? | | | | observable-id? | | | | DateTime? | | | | Description* | | | | Description_ML* | | | | Application? | | | | RecordPattern* | | | | RecordItem* | | | | URL* | | | | FileData* | | | | WindowsRegistryKeysModified*| | | | CertificateData* | | | | AdditionalData* | 3.19.3 | +-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+ | RecordPattern | type | | | | ext-type? | | | | offset? | | | | offsetunit? | | | | ext-offsetunit? | | | | instance? | | | | value | 3.19.4 | +-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+ | WindowsRegistryKeysModified | observable-id? | 3.20 | | | Key+ | | +-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+ | Key | registryaction? | | | | ext-registryaction?| | | | observable-id? | | | | KeyName | | | | KeyValue? | 3.20.1 | +-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+ | CertificateData | restriction? | | | | ext-restriction? | | | | observable-id? | | | | Certificate+ | 3.21 | +-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+ | Certificate | observable-id? | | | | X509Data | | | | Description* | | | | Description_ML* | 3.21.1 | +-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+ | FileData | restriction? | | | | ext-restriction? | | | | observable-id? | | Takahashi, et al. Expires September 19, 2018 [Page 13] Internet-Draft JSON-IODEF March 2018 | | File+ | 3.22 | +-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+ | File | observable-id? | | | | FileName? | | | | FileSize? | | | | FileType? | | | | URL* | | | | HashData? | | | | Signature* | | | | AssociatedSoftware?| | | | FileProperties* | 3.22.1 | +-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+ | HashData | scope | | | | HashTargetID? | | | | Hash* | | | | FuzzyHash* | 3.23 | +-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+ | Hash | DigestMethod | | | | DigestValue | | | | CanonicalizationMethod?| | | | Application? | 3.23.1 | +-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+ | FuzzyHash | FuzzyHashValue+ | | | | Application? | | | | AdditionalData? | 3.23.2 | +-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+ | Indicator | restriction? | | | | ext-restriction? | | | | IndicatorID | | | | AlternativeIndicatorID*| | | | Description* | | | | Description_ML* | | | | StartTime? | | | | EndTime? | | | | Confidence? | | | | Contact* | | | | Observable? | | | | uid-ref? | | | | IndicatorExpression?| | | | IndicatorReference?| | | | NodeRole* | | | | AttackPhase* | | | | Reference* | | | | AdditionalData* | 3.24 | +-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+ | IndicatorID | id | | | | name | | | | version | 3.24.1 | Takahashi, et al. Expires September 19, 2018 [Page 14] Internet-Draft JSON-IODEF March 2018 +-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+ | AlternativeIndicatorID | restriction? | | | | ext-restriction? | | | | IndicatorReference+| 3.24.2 | +-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+ | Observable | restriction? | | | | ext-restriction? | | | | System? | | | | Address? | | | | DomainData? | | | | Service? | | | | EmailData? | | | | WindowsRegistryKeysModified?| | | | FileData? | | | | CertificateData? | | | | RegistryHandle? | | | | RecordData? | | | | EventData? | | | | Incident? | | | | Expectation? | | | | Reference? | | | | Assessment? | | | | DetectionPattern? | | | | HistoryItem? | | | | BulkObservable? | | | | AdditionalData* | 3.24.3 | +-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+ | BulkObservable | type? | | | | ext-type? | | | | BulkObservableFormat?| | | | BulkObservableList | | | | AdditionalData* | 3.24.4 | +-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+ | BulkObservableFormat | Hash? | | | | AdditionalData* | 3.24.5 | +-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+ | IndicatorExpression | operator? | | | | ext-operator? | | | | IndicatorExpression*| | | | Observable* | | | | uid-ref* | | | | IndicatorReference*| | | | Confidence? | | | | AdditionalData* | 3.24.6 | +-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+ | IndicatorReference | uid-ref? | | | | euid-ref? | | | | version? | 3.24.7 | Takahashi, et al. Expires September 19, 2018 [Page 15] Internet-Draft JSON-IODEF March 2018 +-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+ | AttackPhase | AttackPhaseID* | | | | URL* | | | | Description* | | | | Description_ML* | | | | AdditionalData* | 3.24.8 | +-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+ 3.2. Mapping between JSON and XML IODEF o This document treats attributes and elements of each class defined in [RFC7970] equally and is agnostic on the order of their appearances. o Flow class is deleted, and classes with its instances now directly have instances of EventData class that used to belong to the Flow classs. o ApplicationHeader class is deleted, and classes with its instances now directly have instances of ApplicationHeaderField class that used to belong to the ApplicationHeader class. o SignatureData class is deleted, and classes with its instances now directly have instance of Signature class that used to belong to the SignatureData class. o IndicatorData class is deleted, and classes with its instances now directly have the instances of Indicator class that used to belong to the IndicatorData class. o ObservableReference class is deleted, and classes with its instances now directly have uid-ref as an element. o Record class is deleted, and classes with its instances now directly have the instances of RecordData class that used to belong to the Record class. o The elements of ML_STRING type are prepared as two separate elements: one of STRING type and another of ML_STRING type, in order to maintain the simplicity of IODEF documents when writing with only STRING type characters. 4. Examples This section provides example of IODEF documents. These examples do not represent the full capabilities of the data model or the the only way to encode particular information. Takahashi, et al. Expires September 19, 2018 [Page 16] Internet-Draft JSON-IODEF March 2018 4.1. Minimal Example A document containing only the mandatory elements and attributes. { "version": "2.0", "lang": "en", "Incident": [ { "purpose": "reporting", "restriction": "private", "IncidentID": { "id": 492382, "name": "csirt.example.com" }, "GenerationTime": "2015-07-18T09:00:00-05:00", "Contact": [ { "type": "organization", "role": "creator", "email": { "emailTo": "contact@csirt.example.com" } } ] } ] } 4.2. Indicators from a Campaign An example of C2 domains from a given campaign. { "version": "2.0", "lang": "en", "Incidents": [ { "purpose": "watch", "restriction": "green", "IncidentID": { "id": "897923", "name": "csirt.example.com" }, "RelatedActivity": [ { "ThreatActor": [ { Takahashi, et al. Expires September 19, 2018 [Page 17] Internet-Draft JSON-IODEF March 2018 "ThreatActorID": "TA-12-AGGRESSIVE-BUTTERFLY", "Description": "Aggressive Butterfly" } ], "Campaign": [ { "CampaignID": "C-2015-59405", "Description": "Orange Giraffe" } ] } ], "GenerationTime": "2015-10-02T11:18:00-05:00", "Description": [ "Summarizes the Indicators of Compromise for the Orange Giraffe campaign of the Aggressive Butterfly crime gang." ], "Assessment": [ { "BusinessImpact": { "type": "breach-proprietary" } } ], "Contacts": [ { "type": "organization", "role": "creator", "ContactName": "CSIRT for example.com", "Email": { "emailTo": "contact@csirt.example.com" } } ], "IndicatorList": [ { "IndicatorID": { "id": "G90823490", "name": "csirt.example.com", "version": "1" }, "Description": "C2 domains", "StartTime": "2014-12-02T11:18:00-05:00", "Observable": { "BulkObservable": { "type": "fqdn" }, "BulkObservableList": [ "kj290023j09r34.example.com", Takahashi, et al. Expires September 19, 2018 [Page 18] Internet-Draft JSON-IODEF March 2018 "09ijk23jfj0k8.example.net", "klknjwfjiowjefr923.example.org", "oimireik79msd.example.org" ] } } ] } ] } 5. The IODEF Data Model (JSON Schema) { "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#", "definitions": { "action": {"enum": ["nothing","contact-source-site","contact-target-site", "contact-sender", "investigate","block-host","block-network", "block-port","rate-limit-host","rate-limit-network", "rate-limit-port","redirect-traffic","honeypot", "upgrade-software","rebuild-asset","harden-asset", "remediate-other","status-triage","status-new-info", "watch-and-report","training","defined-coa","ext-value"]}, "duration": {"enum": ["second","minute","hour","day","month","quarter", "year","ext-value"]}, "lang": {"enum": ["en","jp"]}, "purpose": {"enum": ["traceback","mitigation","reporting","watch","other", "ext-value"]}, "restriction": {"enum": ["public","partner","need-to-know","private", "default","white","green","amber","red","ext-value"]}, "status": {"enum": ["new","in-progress","forwarded","resolved","future", "ext-value"]}, "DATETIME": {"type": "string"}, "PORTLIST": {"type": "string"}, "URLtype": {"type": "string"}, "IDtype": {"type": "string"}, "ExtensionType": { "type": "object", "properties": { "name": {"type": "string"}, "dtype": {"enum": ["boolean","byte","bytes","character","date-time", "ntpstamp","integer","portlist","real","string","file", "path","frame","packet","ipv4-packet","ipv6-packet","url", "csv","winreg","xml","ext-value"]}, "ext-dtype": {"type": "string"}, "meaning": {"type": "string"}, "formatid": {"type": "string"}, "restriction": {"$ref": "#/definitions/restriction"}, "ext-restriction": {"type": "string"}, Takahashi, et al. Expires September 19, 2018 [Page 19] Internet-Draft JSON-IODEF March 2018 "observable-id": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"}}}, "ExtensionTypeList": { "type": "array", "items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/ExtensionType"}}, "SoftwareType": { "type": "object", "properties": { "SoftwareReference": {"$ref": "#/definitions/SoftwareReference"}, "URL": {"$ref": "#/definitions/URLtype"}, "Description": {"type": "array", "items": {"type":"string"}}}, "required": [], "additionalProperties": false}, "SoftwareReference": { "type": "object", "properties": { "value": {"type": "string"}, "spec-name": {"type": "string"}, "ext-spec-name": {"type": "string"}, "dtype": {"type": "string"}, "ext-dtype": {"type": "string"}}, "required": ["spec-name"], "additionalProperties": false}, "StructuredInfo": { "type": "object", "properties": { "specID": {"type": "string"}, "ext-specID": {"type": "string"}, "contentID": {"type": "string"}, "RawData": {"type": "string"}, "URL": {"$ref": "#/definitions/URLtype"}}, "required": ["specID"], "additionalProperties": false}, "Incident": { "title": "Incident", "description": "JSON schema for Incident class", "type": "object", "properties": { "purpose": {"$ref": "#/definitions/purpose"}, "ext-purpose": {"type": "string"}, "status": {"$ref": "#/definitions/status"}, "ext-status": {"type": "string"}, "lang": {"$ref": "#/definitions/lang"}, "restriction": {"$ref": "#/definitions/restriction"}, "ext-restriction": {"type": "string"}, "observable-id": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"}, "IncidentID": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IncidentID"}, "AlternativeID": {"$ref": "#/definitions/AlternativeID"}, "RelatedActivity": { Takahashi, et al. Expires September 19, 2018 [Page 20] Internet-Draft JSON-IODEF March 2018 "type": "array","items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/RelatedActivity"}}, "DetectTime": {"type": "string"}, "StartTime": {"type": "string"}, "EndTime": {"type": "string"}, "RecoveryTime": {"type": "string"}, "ReportTime": {"type": "string"}, "GenerationTime": {"type": "string"}, "Description": {"type": "array","items": {"type": "string"}}, "Discovery": { "type": "array","items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Discovery"}}, "Assessment": { "type": "array","items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Assessment"}}, "Methods": { "type": "array","items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Method"}}, "Contacts": { "type": "array","items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Contact"}}, "EventData": { "type": "array","items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/EventData"}}, "IndicatorList": { "type": "array","items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Indicator"}}, "History": {"$ref": "#/definitions/History"}, "AdditionalData": {"$ref":"#/definitions/ExtensionTypeList"}}, "required": ["IncidentID","GenerationTime","Contacts","purpose"], "additionalProperties": false}, "IncidentID": { "title": "IncidentID", "description": "JSON schema for IncidentID class", "type": "object", "properties": { "id": {"type": "string"}, "name": {"type": "string"}, "instance": {"type": "string"}, "restriction": {"$ref": "#/definitions/restriction"}, "ext-restriction": {"type": "string"}}, "required": ["name"], "additionalProperties": false}, "AlternativeID": { "title": "AlternativeID", "description": "JSON schema for AlternativeID class", "type": "object", "properties": { "IncidentID": { "type": "array","items":{"$ref": "#/definitions/IncidentID"}}, "restriction": {"$ref": "#/definitions/restriction"}, "ext-restriction": {"type": "string"}}, "required": ["IncidentID"], "additionalProperties": false}, "RelatedActivity": { Takahashi, et al. Expires September 19, 2018 [Page 21] Internet-Draft JSON-IODEF March 2018 "properties": { "restriction": {"$ref": "#/definitions/restriction"}, "ext-restriction": {"type": "string"}, "IncidentID": { "type": "array","items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IncidentID"}}, "URL": { "type": "array","items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/URLtype"}}, "ThreatActor": { "type": "array","items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/ThreatActor"}}, "Campaign": { "type": "array","items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Campaign"}}, "IndicatorID": { "type": "array","items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IndicatorID"}}, "Confidence": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Confidence"}, "Description": { "type": "array","items": {"type": "string"}}, "AdditionalData": {"$ref":"#/definitions/ExtensionTypeList"}}, "additionalProperties": false}, "ThreatActor": { "properties": { "restriction": {"$ref": "#/definitions/restriction"}, "ext-restriction": {"type": "string"}, "ThreatActorID": {"type": "array", "items": {"type": "string"}}, "Description": {"type": "array", "items": {"type": "string"}}, "URL": {"type": "array", "items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/URLtype"}}, "AdditionalData": {"$ref":"#/definitions/ExtensionTypeList"}}, "additionalProperties": false}, "Campaign": { "properties": { "restriction": {"$ref": "#/definitions/restriction"}, "ext-restriction": {"type": "string"}, "CampaignID": {"type": "array", "items": {"type": "string"}}, "URL": {"type": "array", "items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/URLtype"}}, "Description": {"type": "array", "items": {"type": "string"}}, "AdditionalData": {"$ref":"#/definitions/ExtensionTypeList"}}}, "Contact": { "type": "object", "properties": { "role": { "enum": ["creator","reporter","admin","tech","provider","user", "billing","legal","irt","abuse","cc","cc-irt","leo", "vendor","vendor-support","victim","victim-notified", "ext-value"]}, "ext-role": {"type": "string"}, "type": {"enum": ["person","organization","ext-value"]}, "ext-type": {"type": "string"}, "restriction": {"$ref": "#/definitions/restriction"}, "ext-restriction": {"type": "string"}, "ContactName": {"type": "array", "items": {"type": "string"}}, Takahashi, et al. Expires September 19, 2018 [Page 22] Internet-Draft JSON-IODEF March 2018 "ContactTitle": {"type": "array", "items": {"type": "string"}}, "Description": {"type": "array", "items": {"type": "string"}}, "RegistryHandle": { "type": "array", "items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/RegistryHandle"}}, "PostalAddress": { "type": "array", "items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/PostalAddress"}}, "Email": {"type": "array", "items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Email"}}, "Telephone": { "type": "array", "items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Telephone"}}, "Timezone": {"type": "string"}, "Contact": { "type": "array", "items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Contact"}}, "AdditionalData": {"$ref":"#/definitions/ExtensionTypeList"}}, "required": ["role","type"], "additionalProperties": false}, "RegistryHandle": { "type": "object", "properties": { "handle": {"type": "string"}, "registry": { "enum": ["internic","apnic","arin","lacnic","ripe","afrinic","local", "ext-value"]}, "ext-registry": {"type": "string"}}, "required": ["registry"], "additionalProperties": false}, "PostalAddress": { "type": "object", "properties": { "type": {"type": "string"}, "ext-type": {"type": "string"}, "PAddress": {"type": "string"}, "Description": {"type": "array", "items": {"type": "string"}}}, "required": ["PAddress"], "additionalProperties": false}, "Email": { "type": "object", "properties": { "type": { "enum":["direct","hotline","ext-value"]}, "ext-type": {"type": "string"}, "EmailTo": {"type": "string"}, "Description": {"type": "array", "items": {"type": "string"}}}, "required": ["EmailTo"], "additionalProperties": false}, "Telephone": { "type": "object", "properties": { "type": { Takahashi, et al. Expires September 19, 2018 [Page 23] Internet-Draft JSON-IODEF March 2018 "enum":["wired","mobile","fax","hotline","ext-value"]}, "ext-type": {"type": "string"}, "TelephoneNumber": {"type": "string"}, "Description": {"type": "array", "items": {"type": "string"}}}, "required": ["TelephoneNumber"], "additionalProperties": false}, "Discovery": { "type": "object", "properties": { "source": { "enum":["nidps","hips","siem","av","third-party-monitoring", "incident","os-log","application-log","device-log", "network-flow","passive-dns","investigation","audit", "internal-notification","external-notification","leo", "partner","actor","unknown","ext-value"]}, "ext-source": {"type": "string"}, "restriction": {"$ref": "#/definitions/restriction"}, "ext-restriction": {"type": "string"}, "Description": {"type": "array", "items": {"type": "string"}}, "Contact": { "type": "array", "items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Contact"}}, "DetectionPattern": { "type": "array", "items":{"$ref":"#/definitions/DetectionPattern"}}}, "required": [], "additionalProperties": false}, "DetectionPattern": { "type": "object", "properties": { "restriction": {"$ref": "#/definitions/restriction"}, "ext-restriction": {"type": "string"}, "observable-id": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"}, "Application": {"$ref": "#/definitions/SoftwareType"}, "Description": {"type": "array", "items": {"type": "string"}}, "DetectionConfiguration": { "type": "array", "items": {"type": "string"}}}, "required": ["Application"], "additionalProperties": false}, "Method": { "type": "object", "properties": { "restriction": {"$ref": "#/definitions/restriction"}, "ext-restriction": {"type": "string"}, "References": { "type": "array","items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Reference"}}, "Description": {"type": "array", "items": {"type": "string"}}, "AttackPattern": { "type": "array", "items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/StructuredInfo"}}, "Vulnerability": { Takahashi, et al. Expires September 19, 2018 [Page 24] Internet-Draft JSON-IODEF March 2018 "type": "array", "items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/StructuredInfo"}}, "Weakness": { "type": "array", "items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/StructuredInfo"}}, "AdditionalData": {"$ref":"#/definitions/ExtensionTypeList"}}, "required": [], "additionalProperties": false}, "Reference": { "type": "object", "properties": { "observable-id": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"}, "ReferenceName": {"type": "string"}, "URL": {"type": "array", "items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/URLtype"}}, "Description": {"type": "array", "items": {"type": "string"}}}, "required": [], "additionalProperties": false}, "Assessment": { "type": "object", "properties": { "occurrence": {"enum":["actual","potential"]}, "restriction": {"$ref": "#/definitions/restriction"}, "ext-restriction": {"type": "string"}, "observable-id": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"}, "IncidentCategory": {"type": "array", "items": {"type": "string"}}, "SystemImpact": { "type": "array", "items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/SystemImpact"}}, "BusinessImpact": { "type": "array", "items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/BusinessImpact"}}, "TimeImpact": { "type": "array", "items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/TimeImpact"}}, "MonetaryImpact": { "type": "array", "items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/MonetaryImpact"}}, "IntendedImpact": { "type": "array", "items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/BusinessImpact"}}, "Counter": { "type": "array", "items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Counter"}}, "MitigatingFactor": { "type": "array", "items": {"$type": "string"}}, "Cause": {"type": "array", "items": {"$type": "string"}}, "Confidence": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Confidence"}, "AdditionalData": {"$ref":"#/definitions/ExtensionTypeList"}}, "required": [], "additionalProperties": false}, "SystemImpact": { "type": "object", "properties": { "severity": { "enum":["low","medium","high"]}, "completion": {"enum":["failed","succeeded"]}, Takahashi, et al. Expires September 19, 2018 [Page 25] Internet-Draft JSON-IODEF March 2018 "type": { "enum":["takeover-account","takeover-service","takeover-system", "cps-manipulation","cps-damage","availability-data", "availability-account","availability-service", "availability-system","damaged-system","damaged-data", "breach-proprietary","breach-privacy","breach-credential", "breach-configuration","integrity-data", "integrity-configuration","integrity-hardware", "traffic-redirection","monitoring-traffic","monitoring-host", "policy","unknown","ext-value"]}, "ext-type": {"type": "string"}, "Description": {"type": "array","items": {"type": "string"}}}, "required": ["type"], "additionalProperties": false}, "BusinessImpact": { "type": "object", "properties": { "severity": { "enum":["none","low","medium","high","unknown","ext-value"]}, "ext-severity": {"type":"string"}, "type": { "enum":["breach-proprietary","breach-privacy","breach-credential", "loss-of-integrity","loss-of-service","theft-financial", "theft-service","degraded-reputation","asset-damage", "asset-manipulation","legal","extortion","unknown", "ext-value"]}, "ext-type": {"type": "string"}, "Description": {"type": "array","items": {"type": "string"}}}, "required": ["type"], "additionalProperties": false}, "TimeImpact": { "type": "object", "properties": { "value": {"type": "number"}, "severity": {"enum": ["low","medium","high"]}, "metric": {"enum": ["labor","elapsed","downtime","ext-value"]}, "ext-metric": {"type": "string"}, "duration": {"$ref":"#/definitions/duration"}, "ext-duration": {"type": "string"}}, "required": ["metric"], "additionalProperties": false}, "MonetaryImpact": { "type": "object", "properties": { "value": {"type": "number"}, "severity": {"enum":["low","medium","high"]}, "currency": {"type": "string"}}, "required": [], Takahashi, et al. Expires September 19, 2018 [Page 26] Internet-Draft JSON-IODEF March 2018 "additionalProperties": false}, "Confidence": { "type": "object", "properties": { "value": {"type": "number"}, "rating": { "enum": ["low","medium","high","numeric","unknown","ext-value"]}, "ext-rating": {"type":"string"}}, "required": ["rating"], "additionalProperties": false}, "History": { "type": "object", "properties": { "restriction": {"$ref": "#/definitions/restriction"}, "ext-restriction": {"type": "string"}, "HistoryItem": { "type": "array","items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/HistoryItem"}}}, "required": ["HistoryItem"], "additionalProperties": false}, "HistoryItem": { "type": "object", "properties": { "action": {"$ref": "#/definitions/action"}, "ext-action": {"type": "string"}, "restriction": {"$ref": "#/definitions/restriction"}, "ext-restriction": {"type": "string"}, "observable-id": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"}, "DateTime": {"$ref": "#/definitions/DATETIME"}, "IncidentID": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IncidentID"}, "Contact": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Contact"}, "Description": {"type": "array","items": {"type": "string"}}, "DefinedCOA": {"type": "array","items": {"type": "string"}}, "AdditionalData": {"$ref":"#/definitions/ExtensionTypeList"}}, "required": ["DateTime","action"], "additionalProperties": false}, "EventData": { "type": "object", "properties": { "restriction": {"$ref": "#/definitions/restriction"}, "ext-restriction": {"type": "string"}, "observable-id": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"}, "Description": {"type": "array","items": {"type": "string"}}, "DetectTime": {"type": "string"}, "StartTime": {"type": "string"}, "EndTime": {"type": "string"}, "RecoveryTime": {"type": "string"}, "ReportTime": {"type": "string"}, "Contact": { Takahashi, et al. Expires September 19, 2018 [Page 27] Internet-Draft JSON-IODEF March 2018 "type": "array","items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Contact"}}, "Discovery": { "type": "array","items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Discovery"}}, "Assessment": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Assessment"}, "Method": { "type": "array","items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Method"}}, "System": { "type": "array","items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/System"}}, "Expectation": { "type": "array","items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Expectation"}}, "RecordData": {"type": "array", "items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/RecordData"}}, "EventData": { "type": "array","items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/EventData"}}, "AdditionalData": {"$ref":"#/definitions/ExtensionTypeList"}}, "required": ["ReportTime"], "additionalProperties": false}, "Expectation": { "type": "object", "properties": { "action": {"$ref":"#/definitions/action"}, "ext-action": {"type": "string"}, "severity": {"enum": ["low","medium","high"]}, "restriction": {"$ref": "#/definitions/restriction"}, "ext-restriction": {"type": "string"}, "observable-id": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"}, "Description": {"type": "array","items": {"type": "string"}}, "DefinedCOA": {"type": "array","items": {"type": "string"}}, "StartTime": {"type": "string"}, "EndTime": {"type": "string"}, "Contact": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Contact"}}, "required": [], "additionalProperties": false}, "System": { "type": "object", "properties": { "category": { "enum": ["source","target","intermediate","sensor","infrastructure", "ext-value"]}, "ext-category": {"type": "string"}, "interface": {"type": "string"}, "spoofed": {"enum": ["unknown","yes","no"]}, "virtual": {"enum": ["yes","no","unknown"]}, "ownership": { "enum":["organization","personal","partner","customer", "no-relationship","unknown","ext-value"]}, "ext-ownership": {"type": "string"}, "restriction": {"$ref": "#/definitions/restriction"}, "ext-restriction": {"type": "string"}, Takahashi, et al. Expires September 19, 2018 [Page 28] Internet-Draft JSON-IODEF March 2018 "observable-id": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"}, "Node": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Node"}, "NodeRole": { "type": "array","items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/NodeRole"}}, "Service": { "type": "array","items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Service"}}, "OperatingSystem": { "type": "array","items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/SoftwareType"}}, "Counter": { "type": "array","items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Counter"}}, "AssetID": {"type": "array","items": {"type": "string"}}, "Description": {"type": "array","items": {"type": "string"}}, "AdditionalData": {"$ref":"#/definitions/ExtensionTypeList"}}, "required": ["Node"], "additionalProperties": false}, "Node": { "type": "object", "properties": { "DomainData": { "type": "array","items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/DomainData"}}, "Address": { "type": "array","items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Address"}}, "PostalAddress": {"type": "string"}, "Location": {"type": "array","items": {"type": "string"}}, "Counter": {"type": "array","items":{"$ref":"#/definitions/Counter"}}}, "required": [], "additionalProperties": false}, "Address": { "type": "object", "properties": { "value": {"type": "string"}, "category": { "enum": ["asn","atm","e-mail","ipv4-addr","ipv4-net", "ipv4-net-masked","ipv4-net-mask","ipv6-addr","ipv6-net", "ipv6-net-masked","mac","site-url","ext-value"]}, "ext-category": {"type": "string"}, "vlan-name": {"type": "string"}, "vlan-num": {"type": "integer"}, "observable-id": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"}}, "required": ["category"], "additionalProperties": false}, "NodeRole": { "type": "object", "properties": { "category": { "enum":["client","client-enterprise","clent-partner","client-remote", "client-kiosk","client-mobile","server-internal", "server-public","www","mail","webmail","messaging", Takahashi, et al. Expires September 19, 2018 [Page 29] Internet-Draft JSON-IODEF March 2018 "streaming","voice","file","ftp","p2p","name","directory", "credential","print","application","database","backup", "dhcp","assessment","source-control","config-management", "monitoring","infra","infra-firewall","infra-router", "infra-switch","camera","proxy","remote-access","log", "virtualization","pos", "scada", "scada-supervisory", "sinkhole","honeypot","anomyzation","c2-server", "malware-distribution","drop-server","hot-point","reflector", "phishing-site","spear-phishing-site","recruiting-site", "fraudulent-site","ext-value"]}, "ext-category": {"type": "string"}, "Description": {"type": "array","items": {"type": "string"}}}, "required": ["category"], "additionalProperties": false}, "Counter": { "type": "object", "properties": { "value": {"type": "string"}, "type": {"enum": ["count","peak","average","ext-value"]}, "ext-type": {"type": "string"}, "unit": {"enum": ["byte","mbit","packet","flow","session","alert", "message","event","host","site","organization","ext-value"]}, "ext-unit": {"type": "string"}, "meaning": {"type": "string"}, "duration": {"$ref":"#/definitions/duration"}, "ext-duration": {"type": "string"}}, "required": ["type","unit"], "additionalProperties": false}, "DomainData": { "type": "object", "properties": { "system-status": { "enum": ["spoofed","fraudulent","innocent-hacked", "innocent-hijacked","unknown","ext-value"]}, "ext-system-status": {"type": "string"}, "domain-status": { "enum": [ "reservedDelegation","assignedAndActive","assignedAndInactive", "assignedAndOnHold","revoked","transferPending","registryLock", "registrarLock","other","unknown","ext-value"]}, "ext-domain-status": {"type": "string"}, "observable-id": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"}, "Name": {"type": "string"}, "DateDomainWasChecked": {"$ref": "#/definitions/DATETIME"}, "RegistrationDate": {"$ref": "#/definitions/DATETIME"}, "ExpirationDate": {"$ref": "#/definitions/DATETIME"}, "RelatedDNS": { "type": "array","items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/ExtensionType"}}, Takahashi, et al. Expires September 19, 2018 [Page 30] Internet-Draft JSON-IODEF March 2018 "NameServers": { "type": "array","items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/NameServers"}}, "DomainContacts": { "$ref": "#/definitions/DomainContacts"}}, "required": ["Name","system-status","domain-status"], "additionalProperties": false}, "NameServers": { "type": "object", "properties": { "Server": {"type": "string"}, "Address": {"type": "array","items":{"$ref":"#/definitions/Address"}}}, "required": ["Server","Address"], "additionalProperties": false}, "DomainContacts": { "type": "object", "properties": { "SameDomainContact": {"type": "string"}, "Contact": {"type": "array","items":{"$ref":"#/definitions/Contact"}}}, "required": ["Contact"], "additionalProperties": false}, "Service": { "type": "object", "properties": { "ip-protocol": {"type": "integer"}, "observable-id": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"}, "ServiceName": {"$ref": "#/definitions/ServiceName"}, "Port": {"type": "integer"}, "Portlist": {"$ref": "#/definitions/PORTLIST"}, "ProtoCode": {"type": "integer"}, "ProtoType": {"type": "integer"}, "ProtoField": {"type": "integer"}, "ApplicationHeaderField": {"$ref":"#/definitions/ExtensionTypeList"}, "EmailData": {"$ref": "#/definitions/EmailData"}, "Application": {"$ref": "#/definitions/SoftwareType"}}, "required": [], "additionalProperties": false}, "ServiceName": { "type": "object", "properties": { "IANAService": {"type": "string"}, "URL": {"type": "array","items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/URLtype"}}, "Description": {"type": "array","items": {"type": "string"}}}, "required": [], "additionalProperties": false}, "EmailData": { "type": "object", "properties": { "observable-id": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"}, Takahashi, et al. Expires September 19, 2018 [Page 31] Internet-Draft JSON-IODEF March 2018 "EmailTo": {"type": "array","items": {"type": "string"}}, "EmailFrom": {"type": "string"}, "EmailSubject": {"type": "string"}, "EmailX-Mailer": {"type": "string"}, "EmailHeaderField": { "type": "array","items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/ExtensionType"}}, "EmailHeaders": {"type": "string"}, "EmailBody": {"type": "string"}, "EmailMessage": {"type": "string"}, "HashData": { "type": "array","items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/HashData"}}, "Signature": {"type": "array","items": {"type": "string"}}}, "required": [], "additionalProperties": false}, "RecordData": { "type": "object", "properties": { "restriction": {"$ref": "#/definitions/restriction"}, "ext-restriction": {"type": "string"}, "observable-id": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"}, "DateTime": {"$ref": "#/definitions/DATETIME"}, "Description": {"type": "array","items": {"type": "string"}}, "Applicadtion": {"$ref": "#/definitions/SoftwareType"}, "RecordPattern": { "type": "array","items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/RecordPattern"}}, "RecordItem": { "type": "array","items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/ExtensionType"}}, "URL": { "type": "array","items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/URLtype"}}, "FileData": { "type": "array","items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/FileData"}}, "WindowsRegistryKeysModified": { "type": "array", "items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/WindowsRegistryKeysModified"}}, "CertificateData": { "type": "array","items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/CertificateData"}}, "AdditionalData": {"$ref":"#/definitions/ExtensionTypeList"}}, "required": [], "additionalProperties": false }, "RecordPattern": { "type": "object", "properties": { "value": {"type": "string"}, "type": {"enum": ["regex","binary","xpath","ext-value"]}, "ext-type": {"type": "string"}, "offset": {"type": "integer"}, "offsetunit": {"enum":["line","byte","ext-value"]}, Takahashi, et al. Expires September 19, 2018 [Page 32] Internet-Draft JSON-IODEF March 2018 "ext-offsetunit": {"type": "string"}, "instance": {"type": "integer"}}, "required": ["type"], "additionalProperties": false}, "WindowsRegistryKeysModified": { "type": "object", "properties": { "observabile-id": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"}, "Key": {"type": "array","items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Key"}}}, "required": ["Key"], "additionalProperties": false}, "Key": { "type": "object", "properties": { "registryaction": {"enum": ["add-key","add-value","delete-key", "delete-value","modify-key","modify-value", "ext-value"]}, "ext-registryaction": {"type": "string"}, "observable-id": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"}, "KeyName": {"type":"string"}, "KeyValue": {"type": "string"}}, "required": ["KeyName"], "additionalProperties": false}, "CertificateData": { "type": "object", "properties": { "restriction": {"$ref": "#/definitions/restriction"}, "ext-restriction": {"type": "string"}, "observable-id": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"}, "Certificate": { "type": "array","items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Certificate"}}}, "required": ["Certificate"], "additionalProperties": false}, "Certificate": { "type": "object", "properties": { "observable-id": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"}, "X509Data": {type: "string"}, "Description": {"type": "array","items": {"type": "string"}}}, "required": ["X509Data"], "additionalProperties": false}, "FileData": { "type": "object", "properties": { "restriction": {"$ref": "#/definitions/restriction"}, "ext-restriction": {"type": "string"}, "observable-id": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"}, "File": {"type": "array","items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/File"}}}, Takahashi, et al. Expires September 19, 2018 [Page 33] Internet-Draft JSON-IODEF March 2018 "required": ["File"], "additionalProperties": false}, "File": { "type": "object", "properties": { "FileName": {"type": "string"}, "FileSize": {"type": "integer"}, "FileType": {"type": "string"}, "URL": {"type": "array","items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/URLtype"}}, "HashData": {"$ref": "#/definitions/HashData"}, "Signature": {"type": "array","items": {"type": "string"}}, "AssociatedSoftware": {"$ref": "#/definitions/SoftwareType"}, "FileProperties": { "type": "array","items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/ExtensionType"}}}, "required": [], "additionalProperties": false}, "HashData": { "type": "object", "properties": { "scope": {"enum": ["file-contents","file-pe-section","file-pe-iat", "file-pe-resource","file-pdf-object","email-hash", "email-hash-header","email-hash-body"]}, "HashTargetID": {"type": "string"}, "Hash": {"type": "array","items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Hash"}}, "FuzzyHash": { "type": "array","items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/FuzzyHash"}}}, "required": ["scope"], "additionalProperties": false}, "Hash": { "type": "object", "properties": { "DigestMethod": {"type": "string"}, "DigestValue": {"type": "string"}, "CanonicalizationMethod": {}, "Application": {"$ref": "#/definitions/SoftwareType"}}, "required": ["DigestMethod","DigestValue"], "additionalProperties": false}, "FuzzyHash": { "type": "object", "properties": { "FuzzyHashValue": { "type": "array","items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/ExtensionType"}}, "Application": {"$ref": "#/definitions/SoftwareType"}, "AdditionalData": {"$ref":"#/definitions/ExtensionTypeList"}}, "required": ["FuzzyHashValue"], "additionalProperties": false}, "Indicator": { "type": "object", Takahashi, et al. Expires September 19, 2018 [Page 34] Internet-Draft JSON-IODEF March 2018 "properties": { "restriction": {"$ref": "#/definitions/restriction"}, "ext-restriction": {"type": "string"}, "IndicatorID": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IndicatorID"}, "AlternativeIndicatorID": { "type": "array", "items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/AlternativeIndicatorID"}}, "Description": {"type": "array","items": {"type": "string"}}, "StartTime": {"$ref": "#/definitions/DATETIME"}, "EndTime": {"$ref": "#/definitions/DATETIME"}, "Confidence": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Confidence"}, "Contact": { "type": "array","items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Contact"}}, "Observable": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Observable"}, "uid-ref": {"type": "string"}, "IndicatorExpression": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IndicatorExpression"}, "IndicatorReference": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IndicatorReference"}, "NodeRole": { "type": "array","items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/NodeRole"}}, "AttackPhase": { "type": "array","items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/AttackPhase"}}, "Reference": { "type": "array","items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Reference"}}, "AdditionalData": {"$ref":"#/definitions/ExtensionTypeList"}}, "required": ["IndicatorID"], "additionalProperties": false}, "IndicatorID": { "type": "object", "properties": { "id": {"type": "string"}, "name": {"type": "string"}, "version": {"type": "string"}}, "required": ["name","version"], "additionalProperties": false}, "AlternativeIndicatorID": { "type": "object", "properties": { "restriction": {"$ref": "#/definitions/restriction"}, "ext-restriction": {"type": "string"}, "IndicatorReference": { "type": "array", "items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IndicatorReference"}}}, "required": ["IndicatorReference"], "additionalProperties": false}, "Observable": { "type": "object", "properties": { "restriction": {"$ref": "#/definitions/restriction"}, Takahashi, et al. Expires September 19, 2018 [Page 35] Internet-Draft JSON-IODEF March 2018 "ext-restriction": {"type": "string"}, "System": {"$ref": "#/definitions/System"}, "Address": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Address"}, "DomainData": {"$ref": "#/definitions/DomainData"}, "EmailData": {"$ref": "#/definitions/EmailData"}, "Service": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Service"}, "WindowsRegistryKeysModified": { "$ref": "#/definitions/WindowsRegistryKeysModified"}, "FileData": {"$ref": "#/definitions/FileData"}, "CertificateData": {"$ref": "#/definitions/CertificateData"}, "RegistryHandle": {"$ref": "#/definitions/RegistryHandle"}, "RecordData": {"type": "array", "item": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Record"}}, "EventData": {"$ref": "#/definitions/EventData"}, "Incident": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Incident"}, "Expectation": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Expectation"}, "Reference": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Reference"}, "Assessment": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Assessment"}, "DetectionPattern": {"$ref": "#/definitions/DetectionPattern"}, "HistoryItem": {"$ref": "#/definitions/HistoryItem"}, "BulkObservable": {"$ref": "#/definitions/BulkObservable"}, "AdditionalData": {"$ref":"#/definitions/ExtensionTypeList"}}, "required": [], "additionalProperties": false}, "BulkObservable": { "type": "object", "properties": { "type": {"enum": ["asn","atm","e-mail","ipv4-addr","ipv4-net", "ipv4-net-mask","ipv6-addr","ipv6-net","ipv6-net-mask","mac", "site-url","domain-name","domain-to-ipv4","domain-to-ipv6", "domain-to-ipv4-timestamp","domain-to-ipv6-timestamp", "ipv4-port","ipv6-port","windows-reg-key","file-hash", "email-x-mailer","email-subject","http-user-agent", "http-request-url","mutex","file-path","user-name", "ext-value"]}, "ext-type": {"type": "string"}, "BulkObservableFormant":{"$ref": "#/definitions/BulkObservableFormat"}, "BulkObservableList": {"type": "array", "item":{"type": "string"}}, "AdditionalData": {"$ref":"#/definitions/ExtensionTypeList"}}, "required": [], "additionalProperties": false}, "BulkObservableFormat": { "type": "object", "properties": { "Hash": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Hash"}, "AdditionalData": {"$ref":"#/definitions/ExtensionTypeList"}}, "required": [], "additionalProperties": false}, "IndicatorExpression": { Takahashi, et al. Expires September 19, 2018 [Page 36] Internet-Draft JSON-IODEF March 2018 "type": "object", "properties": { "operator": {"enum": ["not","and","or","xor"]}, "ext-operator": {"type": "string"}, "IndicatorExpression": { "type": "array", "items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IndicatorExpression"}}, "Observable": { "type": "array","items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Observable"}}, "uid-ref": {"type": "string"}, "IndicatorReference": { "type": "array", "items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IndicatorReference"}}, "AdditionalData": {"$ref":"#/definitions/ExtensionTypeList"}}, "required": [], "additionalProperties": false}, "IndicatorReference": { "type": "object", "properties": { "uid-ref": {"type": "string"}, "euid-ref": {"type": "string"}, "version": {"type": "string"}}, "required": [], "additionalProperties": false}, "AttackPhase": { "type": "object", "properties": { "AttackPhaseID": {"type": "array","items": {"type": "string"}}, "URL": {"type": "array","items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/URLtype"}}, "Description": {"type": "array","items": {"type": "string"}}, "AdditionalData": {"$ref":"#/definitions/ExtensionTypeList"}}, "required": [], "additionalProperties": false}}, "title": "IODEF-Document", "description": "JSON schema for IODEF-Document class", "type": "object", "properties": { "version": {"type": "string"}, "lang": {"$ref": "#/definitions/lang"}, "format-id": {"type": "string"}, "private-enum-name": {"type": "string"}, "private-enum-id": {"type": "string"}, "Incident": { "type": "array","items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Incident"}}, "AdditionalData": {"$ref":"#/definitions/ExtensionTypeList"}}, "required": ["version","Incident"], "additionalProperties": false} Takahashi, et al. Expires September 19, 2018 [Page 37] Internet-Draft JSON-IODEF March 2018 Figure 2: JSON schema 6. Acknowledgements TBD. 7. IANA Considerations This memo includes no request to IANA. 8. Security Considerations This memo does not provide any further security considerations than the one described in [RFC7970]. 9. Normative References [jsonschema] "JSON Schema", 2006. http://json-schema.org/ [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>. [RFC7970] Danyliw, R., "The Incident Object Description Exchange Format Version 2", RFC 7970, DOI 10.17487/RFC7970, November 2016, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7970>. Authors' Addresses Takeshi Takahashi National Institute of Information and Communications Technology 4-2-1 Nukui-Kitamachi Koganei, Tokyo 184-8795 Japan Phone: +81 42 327 5862 Email: takeshi_takahashi@nict.go.jp Takahashi, et al. Expires September 19, 2018 [Page 38] Internet-Draft JSON-IODEF March 2018 Roman Danyliw CERT, Software Engineering Institute, Carnegie Mellon University 4500 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh, PA USA Email: rdd@cert.org Mio Suzuki National Institute of Information and Communications Technology 4-2-1 Nukui-Kitamachi Koganei, Tokyo 184-8795 Japan Email: mio@nict.go.jp Takahashi, et al. Expires September 19, 2018 [Page 39]