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PT-TLS: A TCP-based Posture Transport (PT) Protocol
draft-ietf-nea-pt-tls-05

The information below is for an old version of the document.
Document Type
This is an older version of an Internet-Draft that was ultimately published as RFC 6876.
Authors Paul Sangster , Nancy Cam-Winget , Joseph A. Salowey
Last updated 2012-06-13 (Latest revision 2012-05-29)
Replaces draft-sangster-nea-pt-tls
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IESG IESG state Became RFC 6876 (Proposed Standard)
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Send notices to nea-chairs@tools.ietf.org, draft-ietf-nea-pt-tls@tools.ietf.org
draft-ietf-nea-pt-tls-05
Network Working Group                                       P. Sangster
Internet Draft                                     Symantec Corporation
Intended status: Proposed Standard                        N. Cam-Winget
Expires: October 2012                                        J. Salowey
                                                          Cisco Systems
                                                           May 29, 2012

            PT-TLS: A TCP-based Posture Transport (PT) Protocol
                       draft-ietf-nea-pt-tls-05.txt

Abstract

   This document specifies PT-TLS, a TCP-based Posture Transport (PT)
   protocol.  The PT-TLS protocol carries the Network Endpoint
   Assessment (NEA) message exchange under the protection of a Transport
   Layer Security (TLS) secured tunnel.

Status of this Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted to IETF in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups.  Note that
   other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-
   Drafts.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at
   http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt

   The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at
   http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html

   This Internet-Draft will expire on November 29, 2012.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2012 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors. All rights reserved.

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   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1. Introduction...................................................3
      1.1. Prerequisites.............................................4
      1.2. Message Diagram Conventions...............................4
      1.3. Conventions used in this document.........................4
      1.4. Compatibility with other Specifications...................4
   2. Design Considerations..........................................5
      2.1. Benefits of TCP/IP Connectivity...........................5
      2.2. Leveraging Proven TLS Security............................6
      2.3. TLV-Oriented Based Message Encapsulation..................6
      2.4. No Change to Base TLS Protocol............................6
   3. PT-TLS Protocol................................................7
      3.1. Initiating a PT-TLS Session...............................8
         3.1.1. Issues with Server Initiated PT-TLS Sessions.........8
         3.1.2. Establish or Re-Use Existing PT-TLS Session..........9
      3.2. TCP Port Usage............................................9
      3.3. Preventing MITM Attacks with Channel Bindings.............9
      3.4. PT-TLS Message Flow......................................10
         3.4.1. Assessment Triggers.................................10
         3.4.2. PT-TLS Message Exchange Phases......................10
            3.4.2.1. TLS Setup Phase................................11
            3.4.2.2. PT-TLS Negotiation Phase.......................12
            3.4.2.3. PT-TLS Data Transport Phase....................13
         3.4.3. TLS Requirements....................................14
      3.5. PT-TLS Message Format....................................14
      3.6. IETF Namespace PT-TLS Message Types......................17
      3.7. PT-TLS Version Negotiation...............................20
         3.7.1. Version Request Message.............................20
         3.7.2. Version Response Message............................21
      3.8. Client Authentication using SASL.........................22
         3.8.1. SASL Entity Authentication Requirements.............23
         3.8.2. SASL in PT-TLS Overview.............................23
         3.8.3. SASL Authentication Flow............................23
         3.8.4. Aborting SASL Authentication........................24
         3.8.5. Linkages to SASL Framework..........................24

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            3.8.5.1. SASL Service Name..............................24
            3.8.5.2. SASL Authorization Identity....................25
            3.8.5.3. SASL Security Layer............................25
            3.8.5.4. Multiple Authentications.......................25
         3.8.6. SASL Channel Bindings...............................25
         3.8.7. SASL Mechanisms.....................................25
         3.8.8. SASL Mechanism Selection............................26
         3.8.9. SASL Authentication Data............................27
         3.8.10. SASL Result........................................27
      3.9. Error Message............................................28
   4. Security Considerations.......................................32
      4.1. Trust Relationships......................................32
         4.1.1. Posture Transport Client............................32
         4.1.2. Posture Transport Server............................34
      4.2. Security Threats and Countermeasures.....................35
         4.2.1. Message Theft.......................................35
         4.2.2. Message Fabrication.................................36
         4.2.3. Message Modification................................36
         4.2.4. Denial of Service...................................36
         4.2.5. NEA Asokan Attacks..................................37
         4.2.6. Trust Anchors.......................................38
   5. Privacy Considerations........................................38
   6. IANA Considerations...........................................38
      6.1. Designated Expert Guidelines.............................39
      6.2. Registry for PT-TLS Message Types........................40
      6.3. Registry for PT-TLS Error Codes..........................41
   7. Acknowledgments...............................................42
   8. References....................................................42
      8.1. Normative References.....................................42
      8.2. Informative References...................................43

1. Introduction

   This document specifies PT-TLS, a TCP-based Posture Transport (PT)
   protocol protected by a TLS channel.

   NEA protocols are intended to be used for pre-admission assessment of
   endpoints joining the network and to assess endpoints already present
   on the network.  In order to support both usage models, two different
   types (or bindings) of PT protocols are necessary to operate before
   and after the endpoint has an assigned IP address and other network
   layer information.  This specification focuses on the PT protocol
   used to assess endpoints already present on the network and thus is
   able to use TCP/IP based transport protocols.  NEA has defined
   another protocol called PT-EAP [PT-EAP] to address assessment prior
   to the endpoint having an assigned IP address.

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   The PT protocol in the NEA architecture [RFC5209] is responsible for
   transporting PB-TNC [RFC5793] batches (often containing PA-TNC
   [RFC5792] attributes) over the network between the Posture Transport
   Client component of the NEA Client and the Posture Transport Server
   component of the NEA Server.  The PT protocol also offers strong
   security protections to ensure the exchanged messages are protected
   from a variety of threats from hostile intermediaries.

1.1. Prerequisites

   This document does not define an architecture or reference model.
   Instead, it defines one binding of the PT protocol that works within
   the reference model described in the NEA Overview and Requirements
   specification.  The reader is assumed to be thoroughly familiar with
   the NEA Overview and Requirements specification.  The NEA working
   group compared the functionality described in this specification
   against the requirements in the NEA Overview and Requirements
   specification and found that each applicable requirement was
   addressed.

1.2. Message Diagram Conventions

   This specification defines the syntax of PT-TLS messages using
   diagrams.  Each diagram depicts the format and size of each field in
   bits.  Implementations MUST send the bits in each diagram as they are
   shown, traversing the diagram from top to bottom and then from left
   to right within each line (which represents a 32-bit quantity).
   Multi-byte fields representing numeric values must be sent in network
   (big endian) byte order.

   Descriptions of bit field (e.g. flag) values are described referring
   to the position of the bit within the field.  These bit positions are
   numbered from the most significant bit through the least significant
   bit so a one octet field with only bit 0 set has the value 0x80.

1.3. Conventions used in this document

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].

1.4. Compatibility with other Specifications

   One of the goals of the NEA effort is to deliver a single set of
   endpoint assessment standards, agreed upon by all parties.  For this
   reason, the authors understand that the Trusted Computing Group (TCG)
   will be replacing its existing posture transport protocols with new

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   versions that are equivalent to and interoperable with the NEA
   specifications.

2. Design Considerations

   This section discusses some of the key design considerations for the
   PT protocol.  This document specifies the PT binding for use when
   performing an assessment or reassessment after the endpoint has been
   admitted to the network and is capable of using TCP/IP to communicate
   with the NEA Server.   If the endpoint does not yet have TCP/IP layer
   access to the NEA Server (and vice versa), the endpoint can use the
   PT-EAP (Posture Transport (PT) Protocol for EAP Tunnel Methods)
   protocol when performing an assessment.

   Because the endpoint has TCP/IP access to the NEA Server (potentially
   on a restricted portion of the network), the NEA Client and NEA
   Server have the ability to establish (or re-use) a reliable TCP/IP
   connection in order to perform the assessment.  The TCP/IP connection
   enables the assessment to occur over a relatively high performance,
   reliable channel capable of supporting multiple roundtrip message
   exchanges in full duplex manner.  These connection properties are
   very different from what is available when the endpoint is initially
   joining the network (e.g. during an 802.1X based assessment),
   therefore the design described in this specification follows a
   different path to maximize the benefits of the underlying TCP/IP
   connection.

2.1. Benefits of TCP/IP Connectivity

   The PT protocol is typically able to offer to the NEA Client and NEA
   Server significantly higher quality of service and flexibility of
   operation than PT-EAP (Posture Transport (PT) Protocol for EAP Tunnel
   Methods).  However, there may be some added risks when the endpoint
   is on the network prior to its initial assessment (if no admission
   time assessment had been performed).  Because of these risks, the
   combined use of an EAP-based assessment during admission followed by
   reassessment using TCP/IP may be appropriate in some environments.
   Some of the benefits to having a TCP/IP based transport during an
   assessment include:

   o  Full Duplex connectivity - used to support asynchronous initiation
      of posture exchanges within a single TLS connection (e.g.
      triggered by alerts of posture or policy changes)

   o  High Bandwidth - potentially much higher bandwidth than other
      transports (e.g. EAP) allowing more in-band data (e.g.
      remediation, verbose posture information)

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   o  Large Messages - ability to send very large PA messages without
      directly fragmenting them (underlying carrier protocol may
      introduce fragmentation)

   o  Bi-directional - NEA Client and NEA Server can initiate an
      assessment or reassessment

   o  Multiple Roundtrips - NEA Client and NEA Server can exchange
      numerous messages without fear of infrastructure timeouts.
      However, the entire exchange should be kept as brief as possible
      if the user has to wait for its completion.

2.2. Leveraging Proven TLS Security

   All PT protocol bindings must be capable of providing strong
   authentication, integrity and confidentiality protection for the PB-
   TNC batches.  Rather than define a new protocol over TCP/IP to
   provide adequate protection, this specification requires the use of
   Transport Layer Security [RFC5246] to secure the connection.  TLS was
   selected because it's a widely deployed protocol with parallel
   protections to a number of the EAP tunnel methods, and it meets all
   of the security requirements.

2.3. TLV-Oriented Based Message Encapsulation

   The design of the PT-TLS protocol is based upon the use of type-
   length-value (TLV) oriented protocol message that identifies the type
   of message, the message's length and a potentially variable length
   payload value.  The use of a TLV orientated encoding was chosen to
   match the Internet standard PA-TNC and PB-TNC protocols.  Because the
   PA-TNC, PB-TNC and PT-TLS protocols are typically implemented inside
   the same process space, this allows a common set of message parsing
   code to be used. Similarly creation of debugging tools is simplified
   by the common encoding methodologies.  TLV-based encoding was used in
   each of the NEA protocols in part because it enables a very space
   efficient representation on the network and is simpler to parse than
   some other encodings to benefit lower powered (or battery
   constrained) devices.

2.4. No Change to Base TLS Protocol

   During the design of the PT-TLS protocol, several approaches were
   considered with different costs and benefits.  Several considered
   approaches involved integrating the PT protocol into the TLS
   handshake protocol.  Because the PT protocol requires the underlying
   TLS carrier to provide security protections, the PT protocol couldn't
   operate before the cipher suites were negotiated and in use.  One

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   option was to integrate into the TLS handshake protocol after the
   ChangeCipherSpec phase allowing the PT message to be protected.  The
   benefit of this approach is that the assessment protocol could
   operate below the application protocols allowing for easier
   integration into applications.  However, making this change would
   require some extensions to the TLS handshake protocol standards and
   existing widely deployed TLS implementations, so it wasn't clear that
   the cost was warranted, particularly because the application
   independence can also be offered by a shim library between the
   application and TLS library that provides the PT protocol
   encapsulation/decapsulation.

   The other general approach considered was to have PT-TLS layer on top
   of TLS as an application protocol (using the standard
   application_data ContentType).  This has the advantage that existing
   TLS software could be used.  However, the PB-TNC traffic would need
   to be encapsulated/decapsulated by a new PT-TLS protocol layer before
   being passed to the TLS library.  This didn't seem like a significant
   issue as PB-TNC is architected to layer on PT anyway.

   After considering the different options, it was determined that
   layering the PT protocol on top of the TLS protocol without requiring
   current TLS protocol implementations to change met all the
   requirements and offered the best path toward rapid adoption and
   deployment.  Therefore the following sections describe a PT protocol
   that is carried on top of TLS.

3. PT-TLS Protocol

   This section specifies the PT-TLS protocol, a Posture Transport (PT)
   protocol carried by the Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol over
   a TCP/IP network.  As shown in Figure 1, this protocol runs directly
   on top of TLS as an application.  This means PT-TLS is encapsulated
   within the TLS Record Layer protocol using the standard ContentType
   for applications (application_data).

     +---------------------------------------------------------------+
     |             TLV Encapsulation of PB-PA message                |
     +---------------------------------------------------------------+
     |                             TLS                               |
     +---------------------------------------------------------------+
     |                             TCP                               |
     +---------------------------------------------------------------+
     Figure 1: PT-TLS Layering Model

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3.1. Initiating a PT-TLS Session

   The PT-TLS protocol may be initiated by a Posture Transport Client or
   a Posture Transport Server.  This flexibility supports different use
   cases.  For example, a Posture Transport Client that wishes to
   trigger a NEA assessment to determine whether its security posture is
   good can start up a PT-TLS session and request a posture assessment.
   On the other hand, when an endpoint requests access to a protected
   network or resource, a Posture Transport Server can start up a PT-TLS
   session and perform a posture assessment before deciding whether to
   grant access.

   The party that initiates a PT-TLS session is known as the "PT-TLS
   Initiator".  The other party in the session (which receives the
   request to open a PT-TLS session) is known as the "PT-TLS session
   responder".

3.1.1. Issues with Server Initiated PT-TLS Sessions

   In order for a NEA Server to establish a PT-TLS session, the NEA
   Client needs to be listening for a connection request on a TCP port
   known by the NEA Server.  In many deployments, the security policies
   (e.g. firewall software) of an endpoint are designed to minimize the
   number of open inbound TCP/UDP ports that are available to the
   network to reduce the potential attack footprint.  This is one issue
   that makes it difficult for a NEA Server to initiate a PT-TLS
   session.

   Another issue with this scenario involves X.509 certificates. When
   the NEA Server creates a TLS session to the NEA Client, the NEA
   Client is effectively acting as the TLS server during the TLS
   protocol exchange.  This means the NEA Client would typically need to
   possess an X.509 certificate to protect the initial portion of the
   TLS handshake.  In situations where the NEA Server initiates the
   creation of the TLS session, both the NEA Client and NEA Server MUST
   possess X.509 certificates to fully authenticate the session.  For
   many deployments, provisioning X.509 certificates to all NEA Clients
   has scalability and cost issues; therefore, it is recommended that
   the NEA Client not listen for connection requests from the NEA Server
   but instead establish and maintain a TLS session to the NEA Server
   proactively, so either party can initiate an assessment using the
   preexisting TLS session as required.

   In most cases the traditional methods of server certificate ID
   validation will not apply when the NEA Server initiates the
   connection.  In this case, the NEA Client and Server need to follow
   the certificate path validation rules in RFC 5280 [RFC5280].   In
   addition, each side needs to be able to authorize its peer based upon

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   matching Subject and SubjectAltName fields for certificates issued by
   a particular trust root.

   Therefore, NEA Clients SHOULD be capable of establishing and holding
   open a TLS session with the NEA Server immediately after obtaining
   network access.  A NEA Client MAY listen for connection requests from
   the NEA Server and establish a new PT-TLS session when one does not
   already exist.  Because of the potential added complexity, NEA
   Client's support for accepting inbound PT-TLS connections is optional
   to implement.  Having an existing PT-TLS session allows either party
   to initiate an assessment without requiring the NEA Client to be
   listening for new connection requests.  In order to keep the TLS
   session alive, the NEA Client and NEA Server SHOULD be capable of
   supporting the TLS heartbeat protocol [RFC6520].

3.1.2. Establish or Re-Use Existing PT-TLS Session

   A single PT-TLS session can support multiple NEA assessments, which
   can be started by either party (the PT-TLS Initiator or the PT-TLS
   Responder).  The party that starts a NEA assessment is known as the
   "assessment initiator" and the other party is known as the
   "assessment responder".

   If the assessment initiator already has a PT-TLS session to the
   assessment responder, the initiator can re-use this session;
   otherwise, a new PT-TLS session needs to be established.

3.2. TCP Port Usage

   In order for a PT-TLS Initiator to establish a TCP connection to a
   PT-TLS Responder, the initiator needs to know the TCP port number on
   which the responder is listening for assessment requests.  Therefore,
   this specification requests the IANA reserve a TCP port number for
   use with the PT-TLS protocol upon publication of this specification
   as an Internet standard RFC.

3.3. Preventing MITM Attacks with Channel Bindings

   As described in the NEA Asokan Attack Analysis [ASOKAN], a
   sophisticated MITM attack can be mounted against NEA systems.  The
   attacker forwards PA-TNC messages from a healthy machine through an
   unhealthy one so that the unhealthy machine can gain network access.
   Because there are easier attacks on NEA systems, like having the
   unhealthy machine lie about its configuration, this attack is
   generally only mounted against machines with an External Measurement
   Agent (EMA). The EMA is a separate entity, difficult to compromise,
   which measures and attests to the configuration of the endpoint.

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   To protect against NEA Asokan attacks, the Posture Broker Client on
   an EMA-equipped endpoint should pass the tls-unique channel binding
   [RFC5929] for PT-TLS's underlying TLS session to the EMA.  This value
   can then be included in the EMA's attestation and the Posture
   Validator responsible for communicating with the EMA may then confirm
   that the value matches the tls-unique channel binding for its end of
   the connection.  If the values match, the posture sent by the EMA and
   NEA Client is from the same endpoint as the client side of the TLS
   connection (since the endpoint knows the tls-unique value), so no
   man-in-the-middle is forwarding posture. If they differ, the Asokan
   attack has been detected.  The Posture Validator MUST fail its
   verification of the endpoint if the Asokan attack has been detected.

3.4. PT-TLS Message Flow

   This section discusses the general flow of messages between the NEA
   Client's Posture Transport Client and the NEA Server's Posture
   Transport Server in order to perform NEA assessments using the PT-TLS
   protocol.

3.4.1. Assessment Triggers

   Initially, the NEA Client or NEA Server will decide that an
   assessment is needed.  What stimulates the decision to perform an
   assessment is outside the scope of this specification, but some
   examples include:

   o  NEA Server becoming aware of suspicious behavior on an endpoint

   o  NEA Server receiving new policies requiring immediate action

   o  NEA Client noticing a change in local security posture

   o  NEA Client wishing to access a protected network or resource

   Because either the NEA Client or NEA Server can trigger the
   establishment of the TLS session and initiate the assessment, this
   document will use the terms "assessment initiator" and the
   "assessment responder".  This nomenclature allows either NEA
   component to fill either of the PT-TLS roles.

3.4.2. PT-TLS Message Exchange Phases

   The PT-TLS message exchange occurs in three distinct phases:

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   o  TLS Setup (including TLS Handshake protocol)

   o  PT-TLS Negotiation

   o  PT-TLS Data Transport

   The TLS Setup phase is responsible for the establishment of the TCP
   connection and the TLS protections for the PT-TLS messages.  The TLS
   Setup phase starts with the establishment of a TCP connection between
   the Posture Transport Client and Posture Transport Server.  The new
   connection triggers the TLS server to start the TLS Handshake
   protocol to establish the cryptographic protections for the session.
   Once the TLS setup phase has completed (after the TLS Finished
   messages), the TLS session MUST NOT be renegotiated.  TLS session
   renegotiation MAY be used before the TLS Setup phase ends and the PT-
   TLS Negotiation phase begins.  This phase also enables the
   establishment of the tls-unique shared secret.  The tls-unique shared
   secret can later be used by PA to protect against some forms of man-
   in-the-middle attack.

   The PT-TLS Negotiation phase is only performed at the start of the
   first assessment on a TLS session.  During this phase, the NEA Client
   and NEA Server discover each other's PT-TLS capabilities and
   establish a context that will apply to all future PT-TLS messages
   sent over the TLS session.  The PT-TLS Negotiation phase MUST NOT be
   repeated after the session has entered the Data Transport phase.  NEA
   assessment messages (PB-TNC batches) MUST NOT be sent by the NEA
   Client or NEA Server prior to the completion of the PT-TLS
   Negotiation phase to ensure that the security protections for the
   session are properly established and applied to the NEA assessment
   messages.

   Finally the Data Transport phase allows the NEA Client and NEA Server
   to exchange PT messages under the protection of the TLS session
   consistent with the capabilities established in earlier phases.  The
   exchanged messages can be a PT-TLS protected NEA assessment as
   described in this specification or other vendor-defined PT-TLS
   exchanged messages.

3.4.2.1. TLS Setup Phase

   After a new TCP connection is established between the Posture
   Transport Client and Posture Transport Server, a standard TLS
   exchange is performed to negotiate a common security context for
   protecting subsequent communications.  As discussed in section 3.4.1,
   the TCP connection establishment and/or the TLS handshake protocol
   could be initiated by either the NEA Client or NEA Server.  The most
   common situation would be for the assessment initiator to trigger the

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   creation of the TCP connection and TLS handshake, so an assessment
   could begin when no session already exists.  When the NEA Server has
   initiated the TLS Setup, the NEA Server is acting as a TLS client and
   the NEA Client is the TLS server (accepting the inbound TLS session
   request).  The expected normal case is that the NEA Client initiates
   this phase, so that the NEA Server is acting as the TLS server and
   therefore the bootstrapping of the security of the TLS session is
   using the NEA Server's certificate.  Having the NEA Client initiate
   the TLS session avoids the need for the NEA Client to also possess a
   certificate.

   During the TLS Setup phase of PT-TLS, the PT-TLS Initiator contacts
   the listening port of the PT-TLS Responder and performs a TLS
   handshake.  The PT-TLS Responder MUST possess a trustworthy X.509
   certificate used to authenticate to the TLS initiator and used to
   bootstrap the security protections of the TLS session.  The PT-TLS
   Initiator MAY also use an X.509 certificate to authenticate to the
   PT-TLS Responder providing for a bi-directional authentication of the
   PT-TLS session.  The NEA client MUST provide certificate validation
   according to the rules in RFC 5280 when evaluating the server
   certificate.  The NEA client MAY perform certificate revocation
   checking on the NEA server's certificate.  This specification allows
   the NEA client implementation to decide on what certificate
   revocation technique is to be implemented.  Note that the NEA client
   performing certificate validation might require some network access
   (e.g. HTTP) to be allowed during the assessment.  NEA client network
   access might be restricted during assessments in some situations.  In
   addition, the NEA client MUST follow the recommendations in RFC 6125
   [RFC6125] when validating the NEA server domain name against the
   contents of the server certificate.  Details for the reverse
   direction are given in section 3.1.

   Due to deployment issues with issuing and distributing certificates
   to a potentially large number of NEA Clients, this specification
   allows the NEA Client to be authenticated during the PT-TLS
   Negotiation phase using other more cost effective methods.  At the
   conclusion of a successful initial TLS Setup phase, the NEA Client
   and NEA Server have a protected session to exchange messages.  This
   allows the protocol to transition to the PT-TLS Negotiation phase.

3.4.2.2. PT-TLS Negotiation Phase

   Once a TLS session has been established between Posture Transport
   Client and Posture Transport Server, the PT-TLS Initiator sends a
   Version Request Message indicating its supported PT-TLS protocol
   version range.  Next, the PT-TLS Responder sends a Version Response
   Message which selects a protocol version from within the range
   offered.  The PT-TLS Responder SHOULD select the preferred version

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   offered if supported; otherwise, the highest version that the
   responder is able to support from the received Version Request
   Message. If the PT-TLS Responder is unable or unwilling to support
   any of the versions included in the Version Request Message, the
   responder SHOULD send a Version Not Supported error message.

   If no client side authentication occurred during the TLS Setup phase,
   the Posture Transport Server can authenticate the client using PT-TLS
   client authentication messages as described in section 3.8.  The
   NEA Server initiates the client authentication and indicates when the
   authentication is complete.

   When the NEA Client receives the SASL [RFC4422] Mechanisms list, the
   NEA Client responds with a SASL Mechanism Selection TLV indicating
   the method of authentication to be used.  Upon selecting an
   appropriate SASL mechanism, the NEA Client and Server exchange SASL
   mechanism specific messages in order to authenticate the NEA Client.
   When the client authentication successfully completes and no
   additional authentications are required (as indicated by the NEA
   Server sending an empty SASL Mechanisms list), the PT-TLS session
   transitions into the Data Transport phase, where it will remain for
   the duration of the session.  Note that the NEA Server could choose
   to not authenticate the client (indicated by only sending an empty
   SASL Mechanisms list) or to continue performing a posture assessment
   even if the authentication did not complete successfully.

3.4.2.3. PT-TLS Data Transport Phase

   Once a PT-TLS session is available to carry NEA assessments, PT-TLS
   allows either side of the connection to send the first PB-TNC batch.
   The PB-TNC standard prescribes whether the Posture Broker Client or
   Posture Broker Server starts the assessment.  The assessment
   initiator first envelopes the PB-TNC batch in a PT-TLS message, then
   assigns a message identifier to the message and finally transmits it
   over the session.  The assessment responder validates the PT-TLS
   message and delivers the encapsulated PB-TNC batch to its upstream
   component (Posture Broker Client or Server).

   Most PT-TLS messages contain PB-TNC batches that house PA-TNC
   requests for posture information or a response containing the
   requested posture information.  The Posture Transport Client and
   Posture Transport Server may also exchange messages between them,
   such as a PT-TLS Error Message indicating that a problem occurred
   processing a message.   During an assessment, the Posture Transport
   Client and Server merely encapsulate and exchange the PB-TNC batches
   and are unaware of the state of the assessment.

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   The PT-TLS protocol allows either party to send a PT-TLS message at
   any time, reflecting the full duplex nature of the underlying TLS
   session.  For example, an assessment initiator may send several PT-
   TLS messages prior to receiving any responses from the assessment
   responder.  All implementations of PT-TLS MUST support full duplex
   PT-TLS message exchange.  However, some higher layer NEA protocols
   (e.g. PB-TNC) may not be able to fully make use of the full-duplex
   message exchange.

3.4.3. TLS Requirements

   In order to ensure that strong security is always available for
   deployers and to improve interoperability, this section discusses
   some requirements on the underlying TLS transport used by PT-TLS.
   Whenever TLS is used by this specification, the appropriate version
   (or versions) of TLS will vary over time, based on the widespread
   deployment and known security vulnerabilities.  At the time of this
   writing, TLS version 1.2 [RFC5246] is the most recent version, but
   has a very limited deployment base and might not be readily available
   for implementation.  TLS version 1.0 [RFC2246] and version 1.1
   [RFC4346] are the most widely deployed versions, and will provide the
   broadest interoperability.  Implementations of PT-TLS SHOULD support
   use of TLS 1.2.

   For each TLS version supported, implementations of the PT-TLS MUST at
   least support the TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA cipher suite.  This
   cipher suite requires the server to provide a certificate that can be
   used during the key exchange.  Implementations SHOULD NOT include
   support for cipher suites that do not minimally offer PT-TLS
   Responder (typically Posture Transport Server) authentication, such
   as the anonymous Diffie-Hellman cipher suites (e.g.
   TLS_DH_anon_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA).  Implementations MUST support RFC
   5746 [RFC5746].  Implementations MAY allow renegotiation to provide
   confidentiality for the client certificate.  If renegotiation is
   allowed implementations need to select the appropriate handshake
   messages as described in RFC 5929 for the tls-unique value.

3.5. PT-TLS Message Format

   This section describes the format and semantics of the PT-TLS
   message.  Every message sent over a PT-TLS session MUST start with
   the PT-TLS header described in this section.
   The following is the PT-TLS header:

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                        1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |    Reserved   |           Message Type Vendor ID              |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                          Message Type                         |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                         Message Length                        |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                       Message Identifier                      |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                Message Value (e.g. PB-TNC Batch) . . .        |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Reserved

      Reserved for future use.  This field MUST be set to 0 on
      transmission and ignored upon reception.

   Message Type Vendor ID

      This field indicates the owner of the name space associated with
      the Message Type.  This is accomplished by specifying the 24 bit
      SMI Private Enterprise Number [PEN] (Vendor ID) of the party who
      owns the Message Type name space.  Consistent with PA-TNC and PB-
      TNC, we depend on the PEN fitting in 24 bits, so if IANA were to
      register a wider PEN than that PEN could not be used with NEA.
      IETF namespace PT-TLS Message Types MUST use zero (0) in this
      field.  For more information about the intended use of NEA
      namespace identifiers, see PA-TNC (RFC 5792) sections 2.1 and
      2.2.

      The PT-TLS Message Type Vendor ID 0xffffff is reserved.  Posture
      Transport Clients and Servers MUST NOT send PT-TLS messages in
      which the PT-TLS Message Type Vendor ID has this reserved value
      (0xffffff).  If a Posture Transport Client or Posture Transport
      Server receives a message containing this reserved value
      (0xffffff) in the PT-TLS Message Type Vendor ID, the recipient
      SHOULD respond with an Invalid Parameter error code in a PT-TLS
      Error message.

   Message Type

      This field defines the type of the PT-TLS message within the
      scope of the specified Message Type Vendor ID that is included in
      the Message Value field.  The specific IETF defined values

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      allowable in this field when the Message Type Vendor ID is the
      IETF SMI Private Enterprise Number value (0) are defined in
      section 3.6.  Recipients of a message containing a Message Type
      Vendor ID and Message Type that is unrecognized SHOULD respond
      with a Type Not Supported error code in a PT-TLS Error message.

      Posture Transport Clients and Posture Transport Servers MUST NOT
      require support for particular vendor-defined PT-TLS Message
      Types in order to interoperate with other PT-TLS compliant
      implementations (although implementations MAY permit
      administrators to configure them to require support for specific
      vendor-defined PT-TLS message types).

      If the PT-TLS Message Type Vendor ID field has the value zero
      (0), then the PT-TLS Message Type field contains an IETF
      namespace PT-TLS Message Type, as listed in the IANA registry.
      IANA maintains a registry of PT-TLS Message Types.  Entries in
      this registry are added by Expert Review with Specification
      Required, following the guidelines in section 6.1.  Section 3.6
      of this specification defines the initial set of IETF defined PT-
      TLS Message Types.

      The PT-TLS Message Type 0xffffffff is reserved.  Posture
      Transport Clients and Posture Transport Servers MUST NOT send PT-
      TLS messages in which the PT-TLS Message Type has this reserved
      value (0xffffffff).  If a Posture Transport Client or Posture
      Transport Server receives a message in which the PT-TLS Message
      Type has this reserved value (0xffffffff), it SHOULD respond with
      an Invalid Parameter error code in a PT-TLS Error message.

   Message Length

      This field contains the length in octets of the entire PT-TLS
      message (including the entire header).  Therefore, this value
      MUST always be at least 16.  Any Posture Transport Client or
      Posture Transport Server that receives a message with a PT-TLS
      Message Length field whose value is less than 16 SHOULD respond
      with an Invalid Parameter PT-TLS error code.  Similarly, if a
      Posture Transport Client or Posture Transport Server receives a
      PT-TLS message for a Message Type that has a known Message Length
      and the Message Length indicates a different value (greater or
      less than the expected value), the recipient SHOULD respond with
      an Invalid Parameter PT-TLS error code.

   Message Identifier

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      This field contains a value that uniquely identifies the PT-TLS
      message on a per message sender (Posture Transport Client or
      Server) basis.  This value is copied into the body of the PT-TLS
      Error Message so the recipient can determine which message caused
      the error.

      The Message Identifier MUST be a monotonically increasing counter
      starting at zero indicating the number of the messages the sender
      has transmitted over the TLS session.  It is possible that a busy
      or long lived session might exceed 2^32-1 messages sent, so the
      message sender MUST roll over to zero upon reaching the 2^32nd
      message, thus restarting the increasing counter.  During a
      rollover, it is feasible that the message recipient could be
      confused if it keeps track of every previously received Message
      Identifier, so recipients MUST be able to handle roll over
      situations without generating errors.

   Message Value

      The contents of this field vary depending on the particular
      Message Type Vendor ID and Message Type given in the PT-TLS
      header for this PT-TLS message.  This field most frequently
      contains a PB-TNC batch. The contents of this field for each of
      the initial IETF namespace PT-TLS Message Types are defined in
      this specification.

3.6. IETF Namespace PT-TLS Message Types

   This section defines the NEA standard PT-TLS Message Types used to
   carry PT-TLS messages and PB-TNC batches between the Posture
   Transport Client and Posture Transport Server.

   The following table summarizes the initial set of IETF defined
   message type values, which are used with the PT-TLS Message Type
   Vendor ID field set to the IETF SMI PEN (0).

   Value (Name)                             Definition
   ------------                             ----------
     0 (Experimental)            Reserved for experimental use.  This
                                 type will not offer interoperability
                                 but allows for experimentation.  This
                                 message type MUST only be sent when
                                 the NEA Client and NEA Server are in
                                 the Data Transport phase and only on a
                                 restricted, experimental network.
                                 Compliant implementations MUST send an
                                 Invalid Message error code in a PT-TLS

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                                 Error message if an Experimental
                                 message is received.

     1 (Version Request)         Version negotiation request including
                                 the range of versions supported by the
                                 sender.  This message type MUST only
                                 be sent by the TLS session initiator
                                 as the first PT-TLS message in the PT-
                                 TLS Negotiation phase.  Recipients
                                 MUST send an Invalid Message error
                                 code in a PT-TLS Error message if a
                                 Version Request is received at another
                                 time.

     2 (Version Response)        PT-TLS protocol version selected by
                                 the responder.  This message type MUST
                                 only be sent by the TLS session
                                 responder as the second message in the
                                 PT-TLS Negotiation phase. Recipients
                                 MUST send an Invalid Message error
                                 code in a PT-TLS Error message if a
                                 Version Response is received at
                                 another time.

     3 (SASL Mechanisms)         Sent by the NEA Server to indicate
                                 what SASL mechanisms it is willing to
                                 use for authentication on this
                                 session. This message type MUST only
                                 be sent by the NEA Server in the PT-
                                 TLS Negotiation phase.  The NEA Client
                                 MUST send an Invalid Message error
                                 code in a PT-TLS Error message if a
                                 SASL Mechanisms message is received at
                                 another time.

     4 (SASL Mechanism Selection) Sent by the NEA Client to select a
                                 SASL mechanism from the list offered
                                 by the NEA Server.  This message type
                                 MUST only be sent by the NEA Client in
                                 the PT-TLS Negotiation phase.  The NEA
                                 Server MUST send an Invalid Message
                                 error code in a PT-TLS Error message
                                 if a SASL Mechanism Selection is
                                 received after the PT-TLS Negotiation
                                 phase.  Once a SASL mechanism has been
                                 selected, it may not change until the

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                                 mechanism completes either
                                 successfully or as a failure.

     5 (SASL Authentication Data) Opaque octets exchanged between the
                                 NEA Client and NEA Server's SASL
                                 mechanisms to perform the client
                                 authentication.  This message type
                                 MUST only be sent during the PT-TLS
                                 Negotiation phase.  Recipients MUST
                                 send an Invalid Message error code in
                                 a PT-TLS Error message if a SASL
                                 Authentication Data message is
                                 received after the PT-TLS Negotiation
                                 phase.

     6 (SASL Result)             Indicates the result code of the SASL
                                 mechanism authentication as described
                                 in section 3.8.10.   This message type
                                 MUST only be sent by the NEA Server
                                 when the NEA Client and NEA Server are
                                 in the PT-TLS Negotiation phase.  The
                                 NEA Client MUST send an Invalid
                                 Message error code in a PT-TLS Error
                                 message if a SASL Result is received
                                 after the PT-TLS Negotiation phase.

     7 (PB-TNC Batch)            Contains a PB-TNC batch.  For more
                                 information on PB-TNC batches see RFC
                                 5793 (PB-TNC) section 4.  This message
                                 type MUST only be sent when the NEA
                                 Client and NEA Server are in the PT-
                                 TLS Data Transport phase.  Recipients
                                 SHOULD send an Invalid Message error
                                 code in a PT-TLS Error message if a
                                 PB-TNC Batch is received outside of
                                 the Data Transport phase.

     8 (PT-TLS Error)            PT-TLS Error message as described in
                                 section 3.9.  This message type may be
                                 used during any PT-TLS phase.

     9+ (Reserved)               These values are reserved for future
                                 allocation following guidelines
                                 defined in the IANA Considerations
                                 section 6.1.  Recipients of messages
                                 of type 9 or higher that do not
                                 support the PT-TLS Message Type Vendor

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                                 ID and PT-TLS Message Type of a
                                 received PT-TLS message MUST respond
                                 with a Type Not Supported PT-TLS error
                                 code in a PT-TLS Error message.

3.7. PT-TLS Version Negotiation

   This section describes the message format and semantics for the PT-
   TLS protocol version negotiation.  This exchange is used by the PT-
   TLS Initiator to trigger a version negotiation at the start of an
   assessment.  The PT-TLS Initiator MUST send a Version Request message
   as its first PT-TLS message and MUST NOT send any other PT-TLS
   messages on this connection until it receives a Version Response
   message or an Error message.  The PT-TLS Responder MUST complete the
   version negotiation (or cause an error) prior to sending or accepting
   reception of any additional messages.  After the successful
   completion of the version negotiation, both the Posture Transport
   Client and Posture Transport Server MUST only send messages compliant
   with the negotiated protocol version.  Subsequent assessments on the
   same session MUST use the negotiated version number and therefore
   MUST NOT send additional version negotiation messages.

3.7.1. Version Request Message

   This message is sent by a PT-TLS Initiator as the first PT-TLS
   message in a PT-TLS session.  This message discloses the sender's
   supported versions of the PT-TLS protocol.  To ensure compatibility,
   this message MUST always be sent using version 1 of the PT-TLS
   protocol.  Recipients of this message MUST respond with a Version
   Response, or a PT-TLS Error message (Version Not Supported or Invalid
   Message).  The following diagram shows the format of the Version
   Request Message:

                        1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |    Reserved   |    Min Vers   |    Max Vers   |   Pref Vers   |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Reserved

      Reserved for future use.  This field MUST be set to 0 on
      transmission and ignored upon reception.

   Min Vers

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      This field contains the minimum version of the PT-TLS
      protocol supported by the sender.  This field MUST be set to
      1 indicating support for the first version of PT-TLS.
      However, future versions of this specification will probably
      remove this requirement so PT-TLS Responders MUST be
      prepared to receive other values.

   Max Vers

      This field contains the maximum version of the PT-TLS
      protocol supported by the sender.  This field MUST be set to
      1 indicating support for the first version of PT-TLS.
      However, future versions of this specification will probably
      remove this requirement so PT-TLS Responders MUST be
      prepared to receive other values.

   Pref Vers

      This field contains the sender's preferred version of the
      PT-TLS protocol.  This is a hint to the recipient that the
      sender would like this version selected if supported.  The
      value of this field MUST fall within the range of Min Vers
      to Max Vers.  This field MUST be set to 1 indicating support
      for the first version of PT-TLS.  However, future versions
      of this specification will probably remove this requirement
      so PT-TLS Responders MUST be prepared to receive other
      values.

3.7.2. Version Response Message

   This message is sent in response to receiving a Version Request
   Message at the start of a new assessment session.  If a recipient
   receives a Version Request after a successful version negotiation has
   occurred on the session, the recipient SHOULD send an Invalid Message
   error code in a PT-TLS Error message and have TLS close the session.
   This message MUST be sent using the syntax, semantics, and
   requirements of the protocol version specified in this message.

                        1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                 Reserved                      |    Version    |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Reserved

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      Reserved for future use.  This field MUST be set to 0 on
      transmission and ignored upon reception.

   Version

      This field contains the version selected by the sender of
      this message.  The version selected MUST be within the Min
      Vers to Max Vers inclusive range sent in the Version Request
      Message.  If a PT-TLS Initiator receives a message with an
      invalid Version selected, the PT-TLS Initiator MUST respond
      with a Version Not Supported PT-TLS error message.

3.8. Client Authentication using SASL

   This section includes a description of the message format and
   semantics necessary to perform client authentication
   (authentication of the NEA Client) over PT-TLS.  Client
   authentication could be necessary if the NEA Server requires
   such an authentication and it was not performed during the TLS
   handshake.  The general model used for performing an
   authentication of the client using PT-TLS messages is to
   integrate the Simple Authentication and Security Layer (SASL)
   [RFC4422] framework.   SASL provides a number of standards-
   based authentication mechanisms capable of authenticating the
   NEA Client using a variety of base technologies.

   Client authentication could occur during the TLS handshake
   using TLS defined authentication techniques.  Because this
   client authentication is optional, the NEA Server's policy
   might require the client to be authenticated by PT-TLS before
   performing the assessment.  Similarly, the NEA Server may
   require a PT-TLS authentication even if the NEA Client was
   authenticated during the TLS handshake (e.g. to allow a user
   authentication after a system level authentication occurred
   during the TLS handshake).  The decision of whether a SASL
   client authentication is to occur is left to the NEA Server's
   policy.

   As discussed in section 3.1.1, it is possible that the NEA
   Server may initiate the TLS session to the NEA Client, thus
   causing it to fill the role of TLS Client during the TLS
   handshake.  Because the NEA Server is required to possess an
   X.509 certificate for when it is acting as the TLS Server role
   (normal case), PT-TLS requires that the NEA Server MUST use its
   X.509 certificate for TLS client authentication during the TLS
   handshake to authenticate itself even when it is acting as the
   TLS Client.  In this case, the NEA Client and NEA Server will

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   authenticate using certificates during the TLS handshake, so
   the PT-TLS SASL client authentication might not be required
   unless NEA Server policy required an additional authentication
   of the NEA Client.  Therefore, the normal usage for the SASL
   messages is when the NEA Client acted as the TLS client and did
   not authenticate during the TLS handshake.

3.8.1. SASL Entity Authentication Requirements

   Implementations compliant with the PT-TLS specification MUST
   implement the SASL authentication messages described in this
   section.  In order to ensure interoperability, all PT-TLS
   implementations compliant with this specification MUST at least
   support the PLAIN SASL mechanism [RFC4616].  Similarly,
   implementations MUST provide the EXTERNAL SASL mechanism if
   both parties are authenticated during the TLS establishment.
   In order to be able to take advantage of other strong, widely
   deployed authentication technologies such as Kerberos and
   support for channel bindings, implementations MAY include
   support for GS2 (second GSS-API bridge for SASL) [RFC5801].
   GS2 includes negotiable support for channel binding for use
   with SASL (see section 5 of RFC 5801).

3.8.2. SASL in PT-TLS Overview

   Mechanism negotiation is initiated by the NEA Server sending the SASL
   Mechanisms TLV to the NEA Client to indicate the zero or more SASL
   mechanisms the NEA Server's policy is willing to use with the NEA
   Client.  The NEA Client selects one SASL mechanism from the list and
   sends a SASL Mechanism Selection TLV completing the negotiation.
   Subsequent challenges and responses are carried within the SASL
   Authentication Data TLV carrying the authentication data for the
   selected mechanism.  The authentication outcome is communicated in a
   SASL Result TLV containing a status code.  If additional
   authentications are required, the NEA Server could trigger the next
   authentication by sending another SASL Mechanisms TLV after sending
   the SASL Result TLV for the current authentication mechanism.

3.8.3. SASL Authentication Flow

   The SASL client authentication starts when the NEA Server
   enters the PT-TLS Negotiation phase and its policy indicates
   that an authentication of the NEA Client is necessary but was
   not performed during the TLS handshake protocol.  The NEA
   Server is responsible for triggering the client authentication
   by sending the SASL Mechanisms TLV to the NEA Client listing

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   the set of SASL mechanisms the server is willing to use based
   upon its policy.

   The NEA Client selects a SASL mechanism from the list proposed
   by the NEA Server or sends a PT-TLS Invalid Message error code
   indicating it is unable or unwilling to perform any of the
   mechanisms that were offered.  If the NEA Server receives a
   SASL Mechanism Selection TLV that contains an unacceptable SASL
   mechanism, the NEA Server would respond with a SASL Mechanism
   Error in a PT-TLS Error TLV.

   In situations where the NEA Server does not require a client
   authentication (either authentication isn't necessary or was
   performed during the TLS Setup phase), the NEA Server MUST send
   a SASL Mechanisms TLV with no mechanisms included (only the PT-
   TLS header) indicating the connection should transition to the
   PT-TLS Data Transport phase.  The same mechanism is employed to
   indicate that a SASL authentication already performed in this
   session is adequate to permit transition to the PT-TLS Data
   Transport phase. So the NEA Server MUST always send a SASL
   Mechanisms TLV with no mechanisms as the last message in the
   PT-TLS Negotiation phase and the NEA Client MUST NOT transition
   to the PT-TLS Data Transport phase until it receives such a
   message.

   If the NEA Server receives a NEA assessment message before the
   completion of the client authentication, the NEA Server MUST
   send an Authentication Required PT-TLS Error indicating to the
   NEA Client that an authentication exchange is required prior to
   entering the PT-TLS Data Transport phase.

3.8.4. Aborting SASL Authentication

   The NEA Server may abort the authentication exchange by sending the
   SASL Result TLV with a status code of ABORT.  The NEA Client may
   abort the authentication exchange by sending a PT-TLS Error message
   with an Error Code of SASL Mechanism Error.

3.8.5. Linkages to SASL Framework

3.8.5.1. SASL Service Name

   The service name for PT-TLS is "nea-pt-tls".

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3.8.5.2. SASL Authorization Identity

   The PT-TLS protocol does not make use of a SASL authorization
   identity string as described in RFC4422.

3.8.5.3. SASL Security Layer

   The NEA PT-TLS protocol always runs under the protection of TLS.
   SASL security layers are not used and thus MUST be negotiated off
   during SASL authentication.

3.8.5.4. Multiple Authentications

   Only one SASL mechanism authentication may be in progress at any one
   time.  Once a SASL mechanism completes (successfully or
   unsuccessfully) the NEA Server MAY trigger an additional
   authentication by sending a SASL Mechanisms TLV.

3.8.6. SASL Channel Bindings

   SASL channel bindings are used to bind the SASL authentication to the
   outer TLS tunnel to ensure that the authenticating endpoints are the
   same as the TLS endpoints.   For SASL mechanisms that support channel
   bindings the TLS-unique value defined in RFC 5929 is carried by the
   SASL Mechanism.    For most mechanisms this means including the tls-
   unique value with the appropriate prefix defined in RFC 5929 in the
   application data portion of the SASL Mechanism channel binding data.
   If the validation of the channel-binding fails then the connection
   MUST be aborted.

3.8.7. SASL Mechanisms

   This TLV is sent by the NEA Server to indicate the list of SASL
   mechanisms that it is willing and able to use to authenticate the NEA
   Client.   Each mechanism name consists of a length followed by a
   name.   The total length of the list is determined by the TLV Length
   field.

                          1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   | Rsvd| Mech Len|            Mechanism Name (1-20 bytes)        |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   | Rsvd| Mech Len|            Mechanism Name (1-20 bytes)        |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                      . . . . . . . . . . .                    |

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   Rsvd (Reserved)

      Reserved for future use.  This field MUST be set to 0 on
      transmission and ignored upon reception.

   Mech Len (Mechanism Name Length)

      The length of the Mechanism-Name field in octets.

   Mechanism Name

      SASL mechanism name adhering to the rules defined in
      RFC4422.

3.8.8. SASL Mechanism Selection

   This TLV is sent by the NEA Client in order to select a SASL
   mechanism for use on this session.

                          1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   | Rsvd| Mech Len|            Mechanism Name (1-20 bytes)        |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |              Optional Initial Mechanism Response              |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Rsvd (Reserved)

      Reserved for future use.  This field MUST be set to 0 on
      transmission and ignored upon reception.

   Mech Len (Mechanism Name Length)

      The length of the Mechanism-Name field in octets.

   Mechanism Name

      SASL mechanism name adhering to the rules defined in
      RFC4422.

   Optional Initial Mechanism Response

      Initial set of authentication information required from the
      NEA Client to kick start the authentication.  This data is

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      optional and if not provided would be solicited by the NEA
      Server in the first SASL Authentication Data TLV request.

3.8.9. SASL Authentication Data

   This TLV carries an opaque (to PT-TLS) blob of octets being exchanged
   between the NEA Client and the NEA Server.  This TLV facilitates
   their communications without interpreting any of the bytes.  The SASL
   Authentication Data TLV MUST NOT be sent until a SASL mechanism has
   been established for a session.  The SASL Authentication Data TLV
   associated with the current authentication mechanism MUST NOT be sent
   after a SASL Result is sent with a Successful status.  Additional
   SASL Authentication Data TLVs would be sent if the PT-TLS Initiator
   and Responder desire a subsequent SASL authentication to occur but
   only after another SASL mechanism selection exchange occurs.

                          1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   ~                SASL Mechanism Data (Variable Length)          ~
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   SASL Mechanism Data

      Opaque, variable length set of bytes exchanged between the
      PT-TLS Initiator's SASL mechanism and its peer PT-TLS
      Responder's SASL mechanism.  These bytes MUST NOT be
      interpreted by the PT-TLS layer.

3.8.10. SASL Result

   This TLV is sent by the NEA Server at the conclusion of the SASL
   exchange to indicate the authentication result.  Upon reception of a
   SASL Result TLV indicating an Abort, the NEA Client MUST terminate
   the current authentication conversation.  The recipient may retry the
   authentication in the event of an authentication failure.  Similarly,
   the NEA Server may request additional SASL authentication(s) be
   performed after the completion of a SASL mechanism by sending another
   SASL Mechanisms TLV including any mechanisms dictated by its policy.

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                        1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |           Result Code         |    Optional Result Data       |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                      . . . . . . . . . . .                    |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Result Code

      This field contains the result of the SASL authentication
      exchange.

      Value (Name)                                Definition
      ------------                                ----------
       0 (Success)               SASL authentication was successful and
                                 identity was confirmed.

       1 (Failure)               SASL authentication failed.  This
                                 might be caused by the client
                                 providing an invalid user identity
                                 and/or credential pair.  Note that
                                 this is not a mechanism failure to
                                 process the authentication as reported
                                 by the Mechanism Failure code.

       2 (Abort)                 SASL authentication exchange was
                                 aborted by the sender

       3 (Mechanism Failure)     SASL "mechanism failure" during the
                                 processing of the client's
                                 authentication (e.g. not related to
                                 the user's input).

   Optional Result Data

      This field contains a variable length set of additional data
      for a successful result.  This field MUST be zero length
      unless the NEA Server is returning a Result Code of Success
      and has more data to return.   For more information on the
      additional data with success in SASL, see RFC 4422.

3.9. Error Message

   This section describes the format and contents of the PT-TLS Error
   Message sent by the NEA Client or NEA Server when it detects a PT-TLS

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   level protocol error.  Each error message contains an error code
   indicating the error that occurred, followed by a copy of the message
   that caused the error.

   When a PT-TLS error is received, the recipient MUST NOT respond with
   a PT-TLS error because this could result in an infinite loop of error
   messages being sent.  Instead, the recipient MAY log the error,
   modify its behavior to avoid future errors, ignore the error,
   terminate the assessment, or take other action as appropriate (as
   long as it is consistent with the requirements of this
   specification).

   The Message Value portion of a PT-TLS Error Message contains the
   following information:

                          1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |    Reserved   |               Error Code Vendor ID            |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                            Error Code                         |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |              Copy of Original Message (Variable Length)       |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                           . . . . . . .                       |

   Reserved

      Reserved for future use.  This field MUST be set to 0 on
      transmission and ignored upon reception.

   Error Code Vendor ID

      This field contains the IANA assigned SMI Private Enterprise
      Number for the vendor whose Error Code name space is being
      used in the message.  For IETF namespace Error Code values
      this field MUST be set to zero (0).  For other vendor-
      defined Error Code name spaces this field MUST be set to the
      SMI Private Enterprise Number of the vendor.

   Error Code

      This field contains the error code.  This error code exists
      within the scope of Error Code Vendor ID in this message.
      Posture Transport Clients and Posture Transport Servers MUST
      NOT require support for particular vendor-specific PT-TLS
      Error Codes in order to interoperate with other PT-TLS
      compliant implementations (although implementations MAY

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      permit administrators to configure them to require support
      for specific PT-TLS error codes).

      When the Error Code Vendor ID is set to the IETF Private
      Enterprise Number, the following table lists the initial
      supported IETF defined numeric error codes:

      Value (Name)                                Definition
      ------------                                ----------
       0 (Reserved)              Reserved value indicates that the PT-
                                 TLS Error Message SHOULD be ignored by
                                 all recipients.  This MAY be used for
                                 debugging purposes to allow a sender
                                 to see a copy of the message that was
                                 received while a receiver is operating
                                 on its contents.

       1 (Malformed Message)     PT-TLS message unrecognized or
                                 unsupported.  This error code SHOULD
                                 be sent when the basic message content
                                 sanity test fails.  The sender of this
                                 error code MUST consider it a fatal
                                 error and abort the assessment.

       2 (Version Not Supported) This error SHOULD be sent when a PT-
                                 TLS Responder receives a PT-TLS
                                 Version Request message containing a
                                 range of version numbers that doesn't
                                 include any version numbers that the
                                 recipient is willing and able to
                                 support on the session.  All PT-TLS
                                 messages carrying the Version Not
                                 Supported error code MUST use a
                                 Version number of 1.  All parties that
                                 receive or send PT-TLS messages MUST
                                 be able to properly process an error
                                 message that meets this description,
                                 even if they cannot process any other
                                 aspect of PT-TLS version 1.  The
                                 sender and receiver of this error code
                                 MUST consider this a fatal error and
                                 close the TLS session after sending or
                                 receiving this PT-TLS message.

       3 (Type Not Supported)    PT-TLS message type unknown or not
                                 supported.  When a recipient receives

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                                 a PT-TLS message type that it does not
                                 support, it MUST send back this error,
                                 ignore the message and proceed.  For
                                 example, this could occur if the
                                 sender used a Vendor ID for the
                                 Message Type that is not supported by
                                 the recipient.  This error message
                                 does not indicate a fatal error has
                                 occurred, so the assessment is allowed
                                 to continue.

       4 (Failed Authentication) The authentication of the identity of
                                 the client failed.  This could occur
                                 if the SASL mechanism was unable to
                                 authenticate the claimed identity of
                                 the PT-TLS Initiator.  This error
                                 message does not indicate a fatal
                                 error has occurred, so the
                                 authentication is allowed to be re-
                                 started.

       5 (Invalid Message)       PT-TLS message received was invalid
                                 based on the protocol state.  For
                                 example, this error would be sent if a
                                 recipient receives a message
                                 associated with the PT-TLS Negotiation
                                 Phase (such as Version messages) after
                                 the protocol has reached the PT-TLS
                                 Data Transport Phase. The sender and
                                 receiver of this error code MUST
                                 consider it a fatal error and close
                                 the TLS session after sending or
                                 receiving this PT-TLS message.

       6 (SASL Mechanism Error)  A fatal error occurred while trying to
                                 perform the client authentication.
                                 For example, the NEA Client is unable
                                 to support any of the offered SASL
                                 mechanisms.  The sender and receiver
                                 of this error code MUST consider it a
                                 fatal error and close the TLS session
                                 after sending or receiving this PT-TLS
                                 message.

       7 (Invalid Parameter)     The PT-TLS error message sender has
                                 received a message with an invalid or

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                                 unsupported value in the PT-TLS
                                 header.  This could occur if the NEA
                                 Client receives a PT-TLS message from
                                 the NEA Server with a Message Length
                                 of zero (see section 3.5) for
                                 details.  The sender and receiver of
                                 this error code MUST consider it a
                                 fatal error and close the TLS session
                                 after sending or receiving this PT-TLS
                                 message.

   Copy of Original Message

      This variable length value MUST contain a copy (up to 1024
      bytes) of the original PT-TLS message that caused the error.
      If the original message is longer than 1024 bytes, only the
      initial 1024 bytes will be included in this field.   This
      field is included so the error recipient can determine which
      message sent caused the error.  In particular, the recipient
      can use the Message Identifier field from the Copy of
      Original Message to determine which message caused the
      error.

4. Security Considerations

   This section discusses the major threats potentially faced by each
   binding of the PT protocol and countermeasures provided by the PT-TLS
   protocol.

4.1. Trust Relationships

   In order to understand where security countermeasures are necessary,
   this section starts with a discussion of where the NEA architecture
   envisions some trust relationships between the processing elements of
   the PT-TLS protocol.  Implementations or deployments where these
   trust relationships are not present would need to provide additional
   countermeasures to ensure the proper operation and security of PT-TLS
   (which relies upon these relationships to be trustworthy).  The
   following sub-sections discuss the trust properties associated with
   each portion of the NEA reference model directly involved with the
   processing of the PT-TLS protocol.

4.1.1. Posture Transport Client

   The Posture Transport Client is trusted by the Posture Broker Client
   to:

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   o  Not observe, fabricate or alter the contents of the PB-TNC batches
      received from the network

   o  Not observe, fabricate or alter the PB-TNC batches passed down
      from the Posture Broker Client for transmission on the network

   o  Transmit on the network any PB-TNC batches passed down from the
      Posture Broker Client

   o  Deliver properly security protected messages received from the
      network that are destined for the Posture Broker Client

   o  Provide configured security protections (e.g. authentication,
      integrity and confidentiality) for the Posture Broker Client's PB-
      TNC batches sent on the network

   o  Expose the authenticated identity of the Posture Transport Server
      only to the PB-TNC layer within the NEA Client

   o  Verify the security protections placed upon messages received from
      the network to ensure the messages are authentic and protected
      from attacks on the network

   o  Provide a secure, reliable, in order delivery, full duplex
      transport for the Posture Broker Client's messages

   The Posture Transport Client is trusted by the Posture Transport
   Server to:

   o  Not send malicious traffic intending to harm (e.g. denial of
      service) the Posture Transport Server

   o  Not send malformed messages (e.g. messages lacking PT-TLS header)

   o  Not send invalid or incorrect responses to messages (e.g. errors
      when no error is warranted)

   o  Not ignore or drop messages causing issues for the protocol
      processing (e.g. dropping PT-TLS SASL Authentication Data
      messages)

   o  Verify the security protections placed upon messages received from
      the network to ensure the messages are authentic and protected
      from attacks on the network

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4.1.2. Posture Transport Server

   The Posture Transport Server is trusted by the Posture Broker Server
   to:

   o  Not observe, fabricate or alter the contents of the PB-TNC batches
      received from the network

   o  Not observe, fabricate or alter the PB-TNC batches passed down
      from the Posture Broker Server for transmission on the network

   o  Transmit on the network any PB-TNC batches passed down from the
      Posture Broker Server

   o  Deliver properly security protected messages received from the
      network that are destined for the Posture Broker Server

   o  Provide configured security protections (e.g. authentication,
      integrity and confidentiality) for the Posture Broker Server's
      messages sent on the network

   o  Expose the authenticated identity of the Posture Transport Client
      only to the PB-TNC layer within the NEA Server

   o  Verify the security protections placed upon messages received from
      the network to ensure the messages are authentic and protected
      from attacks on the network

   o  Provide a secure, reliable, in order delivery, full duplex
      transport for the Posture Broker Server's messages

   The Posture Transport Server is trusted by the Posture Transport
   Client to:

   o  Not send malicious traffic intending to harm (e.g. denial of
      service) the Posture Transport Server

   o  Not send malformed messages (e.g. messages lacking PT-TLS header)

   o  Not send invalid or incorrect responses to messages (e.g. errors
      when no error is warranted)

   o  Not ignore or drop messages causing issues for the protocol
      processing (e.g. dropping PT-TLS SASL Result messages)

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   o  Verify the security protections placed upon messages received from
      the network to ensure the messages are authentic and protected
      from attacks on the network

4.2. Security Threats and Countermeasures

   Beyond the trusted relationships assumed in section 4.1 the PT-TLS
   protocol faces a number of potential security attacks that could
   require security countermeasures.

   Generally, the PT-TLS protocol is responsible for offering strong
   security protections for all of the NEA protocols so any threats to
   its ability to protect NEA protocol messages could be very damaging
   to deployments.  Once the message is delivered to the Posture Broker
   Client or Posture Broker Server, the posture brokers are trusted to
   properly and safely process the messages.

4.2.1. Message Theft

   When PT-TLS messages are sent over unprotected network links or
   spanning local software stacks that are not trusted, the contents of
   the messages may be subject to information theft by an intermediary
   party.  This theft could result in information being recorded for
   future use or analysis by the adversary.  Messages observed by
   eavesdroppers could contain information that exposes potential
   weaknesses in the security of the endpoint, or system fingerprinting
   information easing the ability of the attacker to employ attacks more
   likely to be successful against the endpoint.  The eavesdropper might
   also learn information about the endpoint or network policies that
   either singularly or collectively is considered sensitive
   information.  For example, if PT-TLS does not provide confidentiality
   protection, an adversary could observe the PA-TNC attributes included
   in the PT-TLS message and determine that the endpoint is lacking
   patches, or particular sub-networks have more lenient policies.

   In order to protect against NEA assessment message theft, the PT-TLS
   protocol provides strong cryptographic authentication, integrity and
   confidentiality protection.  Deployers are strongly encouraged to
   employ best practice of the day TLS ciphers to ensure the information
   remains safe despite advances in technology and discovered cipher
   weaknesses.  The use of bi-directional authentication of the
   assessment transport session ensures that only properly authenticated
   and authorized parties may be involved in an assessment dialog.  The
   PT-TLS protocol also provides strong cryptography for all of the PB-
   TNC and PA-TNC protocol messages traveling over the network allowing
   the message contents to be hidden from potential theft by the

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   adversary even if the attacker is able to observe the encrypted PT-
   TLS session.

4.2.2. Message Fabrication

   Attackers on the network or present within the NEA system could
   introduce fabricated PT-TLS messages intending to trick or create a
   denial of service against aspects of an assessment. For example, an
   adversary could attempt to insert into the message exchange fake PT-
   TLS error codes in order to disrupt communications.

   The PT-TLS protocol provides strong security protections for the
   complete message exchange over the network.  These security
   protections prevent an intermediary from being able to insert fake
   messages into the assessment.  In particular, the TLS's protocol use
   of hashing algorithms provides strong integrity protections that
   allow for detection of any changes in the content of the message
   stream.  Additionally, adversaries are unable to observe the PT-TLS
   protocol exchanges because they are encrypted by the TLS ciphers, so
   would have difficulty in determining where to insert the falsified
   message, since the attacker is unable to determine where the message
   boundaries exist.  Even a successful message insertion did occur; the
   recipient would be able to detect it due to the TLS cipher suite's
   integrity checking failing.

4.2.3. Message Modification

   This attack could allow an active attacker capable of intercepting a
   message to modify a PT-TLS message or transported PA-TNC attribute to
   a desired value to ease the compromise of an endpoint.  Without the
   ability for message recipients to detect whether a received message
   contains the same content as what was originally sent, active
   attackers can stealthily modify the attribute exchange.

   The PT-TLS protocol leverages the TLS protocol to provide strong
   authentication and integrity protections as a countermeasure to this
   theat.  The bi-directional authentication prevents the attacker from
   acting as an active man-in-the-middle to the protocol that could be
   used to modify the message exchange.  The strong integrity
   protections (e.g. hashing) offered by TLS allows PT-TLS message
   recipients to detect message alterations by other types of network
   based adversaries.

4.2.4. Denial of Service

   A variety of types of denial of service attacks are possible against
   the PT-TLS protocol if the message exchanges are left unprotected

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   while traveling over the network.   The Posture Transport Client and
   Posture Transport Server are trusted not to participate in the denial
   of service of the assessment session, leaving the threats to come
   from the network.

   The PT-TLS protocol provides bi-directional authentication
   capabilities in order to prevent a man-in-the-middle on the network
   from becoming an undetected active proxy of PT-TLS messages.  Because
   the PT-TLS protocol runs after the TLS handshake and thus cipher
   establishment/use, all of the PT-TLC messages are protected from
   undetected modification that could create a denial of service
   situation.  However it is possible for an adversary to alter the
   message flows causing each message to be rejected by the recipient
   because it fails the integrity checking.

   The PT-TLS protocol operates as an application protocol on top of TLS
   and thus TCP/IP protocols, so is subject to denial of service attacks
   against the TLS, TCP and IP protocols.

4.2.5. NEA Asokan Attacks

   As described in section 3.3 and in the NEA Asokan Attack Analysis
   [ASOKAN], a sophisticated MITM attack can be mounted against NEA
   systems.  The attacker forwards PA-TNC messages from a healthy
   machine through an unhealthy one so that the unhealthy machine can
   gain network access.  Section 3.3 and the NEA Asokan Attack Analysis
   provide a detailed description of this attack and of the
   countermeasures that can be employed against it.

   Because lying endpoint attacks are much easier than Asokan attacks
   and the only known effective countermeasure against lying endpoint
   attacks is the use of an External Measurement Agent (EMA),
   countermeasures against an Asokan attack are not necessary unless an
   EMA is in use.  However, PT-TLS implementers may not know whether an
   EMA will be used with their implementation.  Therefore, PT-TLS
   implementers SHOULD support the Asokan attack countermeasures
   described in section 3.3 by providing the value of the tls-unique
   channel binding to higher layers in the NEA reference model: Posture
   Broker Clients, Posture Broker Servers, Posture Collectors, and
   Posture Validators.

   The Asokan attack can also apply to authentication mechanisms carried
   within TLS.  SASL mechanisms providing channel bindings use the tls-
   unique channel binding data as defined in section 3.3 to protect
   against the attack.

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4.2.6. Trust Anchors

   The TLS protocol bases its trust decision about the signer of the
   certificates received during the TLS authentication using a set of
   trust anchor certificate.  It is essential that these trust anchor
   certificates are integrity protected from unauthorized modification.
   Many common software components (e.g. browsers, operating systems,
   security protocols) include a set of trust anchor certificates that
   are relevant to their operation.  The PT-TLS SHOULD use a PT-TLS
   specific set of trust anchor certificates in order to limit what
   Certificate Authorities are authorized to issue certificates for use
   with NEA.

5. Privacy Considerations

   The role of PT-TLS is to act as a secure transport for PB-TNC and
   other higher layer protocols.  As such, PT-TLS does not directly
   utilize personally identifiable information (PII) except when client
   authentication is enabled.  When client authentication is being used,
   the NEA Client will be asked to use SASL which may disclose a local
   identifier (e.g. username) associated with the endpoint and an
   authenticator (e.g. password) to authenticate that identity.  Because
   the identity and authenticator are potentially privacy sensitive
   information, the NEA Client MUST offer a mechanism to restrict which
   NEA Servers will be sent this information.  Similarly, the NEA Client
   SHOULD provide an indication to the person being identified that a
   request for their identity has been made in case they choose to opt
   out of the authentication to remain anonymous unless no user
   interface is available.

   PT-TLS provides cryptographic peer authentication, message integrity
   and data confidentiality protections to higher layer NEA protocols
   that may exchange data potentially including PII.  These security
   services can be used to protect any PII involved in an assessment
   from passive and active attackers on the network.  Endpoints sending
   potentially privacy sensitive information SHOULD ensure that the PT-
   TLS security protections (TLS cipher suites) negotiated for an
   assessment of the endpoint are adequate to avoid interception and
   off-line attacks of any long term privacy sensitive information
   unless other network protections are already present.

6. IANA Considerations

   This specification requests the creation of two new IANA
   registries and the assignment of a TCP port number. First, this
   specification requests that IANA reserve a registered TCP port

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   number for use with the PT-TLS protocol upon publication of
   this specification as an Internet standard RFC.

   This section also defines the contents of two new IANA
   registries: PT-TLS Message Types, and PT-TLS Error Codes.  This
   section explains how these registries work.

   All of the registries defined in this document support IETF
   defined values and vendor-defined values.  To explain this
   phenomenon, we will use the PT-TLS Message Type as an example
   but the other registries work the same way.

   Whenever a PT-TLS Message Type appears on a network, it is
   always accompanied by an SMI Private Enterprise Number (PEN),
   also known as a vendor ID.  If this vendor ID is zero, the
   accompanying PT-TLS Message Type is an IETF namespace value
   listed in the IANA registry for PT-TLS Message Types and its
   meaning is defined in the specification listed for that PT-TLS
   Message Type in that registry.  If the vendor ID is not zero,
   the meaning of the PT-TLS Message Type is defined by the vendor
   identified by the vendor ID (as listed in the IANA registry for
   SMI PENs). The identified vendor is encouraged but not required
   to register with IANA some or all of the PT-TLS Message Types
   used with their vendor ID and publish a specification for each
   of these values.

   This delegation of namespace is analogous to the technique used
   for OIDs.  It can result in interoperability problems if
   vendors require support for particular vendor-specific values.
   However, such behavior is explicitly prohibited by this
   specification, which dictates that "Posture Transport Clients
   and Posture Transport Servers MUST NOT require support for
   particular vendor-specific PT-TLS Error Codes in order to
   interoperate with other PT-TLS compliant implementations
   (although implementations MAY permit administrators to
   configure them to require support for specific PT-TLS error
   codes)."  Similar requirements are included for PT-TLS Message
   Types.

6.1. Designated Expert Guidelines

   For all of the IANA registries defined by this specification,
   new values are added to the registry by Expert Review with
   Specification Required, using the Designated Expert process
   defined in RFC 5226 [RFC5226].

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   This section provides guidance to designated experts so that
   they may make decisions using a philosophy appropriate for
   these registries.

   The registries defined in this document have plenty of values.
   In most cases, the IETF has approximately 2^32 values available
   for it to define and each vendor has the same number of values
   for its use.  Because there are so many values available,
   designated experts should not be terribly concerned about
   exhausting the set of values.

   Instead, designated experts should focus on the following
   requirements.  All values in these IANA registries MUST be
   documented in a specification that is permanently and publicly
   available. IETF namespace values MUST also be useful, not
   harmful to the Internet, and defined in a manner that is clear
   and likely to ensure interoperability.

   Designated experts should encourage vendors to avoid defining
   similar but incompatible values and instead agree on a single
   IETF reviewed approach and value.  However, it is beneficial to
   document existing practice.

   There are several ways to ensure that a specification is
   permanently and publicly available.  It may be published as an
   RFC.  Alternatively, it may be published in another manner that
   makes it freely available to anyone.  However, in this latter
   case, the vendor MUST supply a copy to the IANA and authorize
   the IANA to archive this copy and make it freely available to
   all if at some point the document becomes no longer freely
   available to all through other channels.

   The following two sections provide guidance to the IANA in
   creating and managing the new IANA registries defined by this
   specification.

6.2. Registry for PT-TLS Message Types

   The name for this registry is "PT-TLS Message Types".  Each
   entry in this registry should include a human-readable name, an
   SMI Private Enterprise Number, a decimal integer value between
   0 and 2^32-1, and a reference to the specification where the
   contents of this message type are defined.  This specification
   must define the meaning of the PT-TLS message type and the
   format and semantics of the PT-TLS Message Value field that
   include the designated Private Enterprise Number in the PT-TLS

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   Message Type Vendor ID field and the designated numeric value
   in the PT-TLS Message Type field.

   The following entries for this registry are defined in this
   document.  Additional entries to this registry are added by
   Expert Review with Specification Required, following the
   guidelines in section 6.1.

   PEN   Value       Name                 Defining Specification
   ---   -----       ----                 ----------------------
    0      0     Experimental             RFC # Assigned to this I-D
    0      1     Version Request          RFC # Assigned to this I-D
    0      2     Version Response         RFC # Assigned to this I-D
    0      3     SASL Mechanisms          RFC # Assigned to this I-D
    0      4     SASL Mechanism Selection RFC # Assigned to this I-D
    0      5     SASL Authentication Data RFC # Assigned to this I-D
    0      6     SASL Result              RFC # Assigned to this I-D
    0      7     PB-TNC Batch             RFC # Assigned to this I-D
    0      8     PT-TLS Error             RFC # Assigned to this I-D

   The PEN 0 (IETF) PT-TLS Message Type values between 9 and 2^32-2
   inclusive are allocated for future assignment by the IANA.  The value
   2^32-1 is permanently reserved and is not to be allocated.

6.3. Registry for PT-TLS Error Codes

   The name for this registry is "PT-TLS Error Codes".  Each entry
   in this registry should include a human-readable name, an SMI
   Private Enterprise Number, a decimal integer value between 0
   and 2^32-1, and a reference to the specification where this
   error code is defined.  This specification must define the
   meaning of this error code, a PT-TLS Message Type of PT-TLS
   Error, the designated Private Enterprise Number in the PT-TLS
   Error Code Vendor ID field, and the designated numeric value in
   the PT-TLS Error Code field.

   The following entries for this registry are defined in this
   document.  Additional entries to this registry are added by
   Expert Review with Specification Required, following the
   guidelines in section 6.1.

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   PEN  Value     Name                      Defining Specification
   ---  -----     ----                      ----------------------
    0     0   Reserved                     RFC # Assigned to this I-D
    0     1   Malformed Message            RFC # Assigned to this I-D
    0     2   Version Not Supported        RFC # Assigned to this I-D
    0     3   Type Not Supported           RFC # Assigned to this I-D
    0     4   Failed Authentication        RFC # Assigned to this I-D
    0     5   Invalid Message              RFC # Assigned to this I-D
    0     6   SASL Mechanism Error         RFC # Assigned to this I-D
    0     7   Invalid Parameter            RFC # Assigned to this I-D

   The PEN 0 (IETF) PT-TLS Error Codes between 8 and 2^32-1 inclusive
   are allocated for future assignment by the IANA.

7. Acknowledgments

   Thanks to the Trusted Computing Group for contributing the initial
   text upon which this document was based [IFT-TLS].

   The authors of this draft would also like to acknowledge the
   following people who have contributed to or provided substantial
   input on the preparation of this document or predecessors to it: Syam
   Appala, Stuart Bailey, Lauren Giroux, Steve Hanna, Josh Howlett,
   Carolin Latze, Scott Kelly, Sung Lee, Lisa Lorenzin, Ravi Sahita,
   Subbu Srinivasan, Susan Thomson and Mark Townsend.

   This document was prepared using 2-Word-v2.0.template.dot.

8. References

8.1. Normative References

   [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
             Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [RFC4422] Melnikov A., Zeilenga K., "Simple Authentication and
             Security Layer (SASL)", RFC 4422, June 2006.

   [RFC4616] Zeilenga K., "The PLAIN Simple Authentication and Security
             Layer (SASL) Mechanism", RFC 4616, August 2006.

   [RFC5226] Narten T., Alvestrand H., "Guidelines for Writing an IANA
             Considerations Section in RFCs", RFC 5226, May 2008.

   [RFC5246] Dierks T., Rescorla E., "The Transport Layer Security (TLS)
             Protocol Version 1.2", RFC 5246, August 2008.

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   [RFC5280] Cooper, D., Santesson, S., Farrel, S., Boeyen, S., Housley,
             R., Polk, W., "Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure
             Certificate and Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Profile",
             RFC 5280, May 2008.

   [RFC5746] Rescorla E., Ray M., Oskov N., "Transport Layer Security
             (TLS) Renegotiation Indication Extension", RFC 5746,
             February 2010.

   [RFC5792] Sangster P., Narayan K., "PA-TNC: A Posture Attribute
             Protocol (PA) Compatible with TNC", RFC 5792, March 2010.

   [RFC5793] Sahita, R., Hanna, S., and R. Hurst, "PB-TNC: A Posture
             Broker Protocol (PB) Compatible with TNC", RFC 5793, March
             2010.

   [RFC5929] Altman, J., Williams, N., Zhu L., "Channel Bindings for
             TLS", RFC 5929, July 2010.

   [RFC6125] Saint-Andre, P., Hodges, J., "Representation and
             Verification of Domain-Based Application Service Identity
             within Internet Public Key Infrastructure Using X.509
             (PKIX) Certificates in the Context of Transport Layer
             Security (TLS)", RFC 6125, March 2011.

   [RFC6520] Segglemann, R., Tuexen, M., Williams M., "Transport Layer
             Security (TLS) and Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS)
             Heartbeat Extension", RFC 6520, February 2012.

8.2. Informative References

   [ASOKAN]  Salowey, J., Hanna, S., "NEA Asokan Attack Analysis",
             draft-ietf-nea-asokan-00.txt (work in progress), April
             2012.

   [IFT-TLS] Trusted Computing Group, "TNC IF-T: Binding to TLS",
             http://www.trustedcomputinggroup.org/files/resource_files/5
             1F0757E-1D09-3519-
             AD63B6FD099658A6/TNC_IFT_TLS_v1_0_r16.pdf, May 2009.

   [PEN]     IANA Private Enterprise Numbers (PEN) registry,
             http://www.iana.org/assignments/enterprise-numbers.

   [PT-EAP]  Cam-Winget, N., S., Sangster, P., "PT-EAP: Posture
             Transport (PT) Protocol For EAP Tunnel Methods", draft-
             ietf-nea-pt-eap-01.txt (work in progress), March 2012.

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   [RFC2246] Dierks, T. and Allen C., "The TLS Protocol Version 1.0",
             RFC 2246, January 1999.

   [RFC4346] Dierks T., Rescorla E., "The Transport Layer Security (TLS)
             Protocol Version 1.1", RFC 4346, April 2006.

   [RFC5209] Sangster, P., Khosravi, H., Mani, M., Narayan, K., and J.
             Tardo, "Network Endpoint Assessment (NEA): Overview and
             Requirements", RFC 5209, June 2008.

   [RFC5801] Josefsson, S., Williams, N., "Using Generic Security
             Service Application Program Interface (GSS-API) Mechanisms
             in Simple Authentication and Security Layer (SASL): The GS2
             Mechanism Family", RFC 5801, July 2010.

Authors' Addresses

   Paul Sangster
   Symantec Corporation
   6825 Citrine Dr
   Carlsbad, CA 92009

   Email: paul_sangster@symantec.com

   Nancy Cam-Winget
   Cisco Systems
   80 West Tasman Drive
   San Jose, CA  95134
   US

   Email: ncamwing@cisco.com

   Joseph Salowey
   Cisco Systems
   2901 Third Avenue
   Seattle, WA  98121
   US

   Email: jsalowey@cisco.com

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