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Subscribing to YANG datastore push updates
draft-ietf-netconf-yang-push-07

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This is an older version of an Internet-Draft that was ultimately published as RFC 8641.
Authors Alexander Clemm , Eric Voit , Alberto Gonzalez Prieto , Ambika Tripathy , Einar Nilsen-Nygaard , Andy Bierman , Balázs Lengyel
Last updated 2017-06-25
Replaces draft-clemm-netconf-yang-push
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draft-ietf-netconf-yang-push-07
NETCONF                                                         A. Clemm
Internet-Draft                                                    Huawei
Intended status: Standards Track                                 E. Voit
Expires: December 28, 2017                                 Cisco Systems
                                                      A. Gonzalez Prieto

                                                             A. Tripathy
                                                       E. Nilsen-Nygaard
                                                           Cisco Systems
                                                              A. Bierman
                                                               YumaWorks
                                                              B. Lengyel
                                                                Ericsson
                                                           June 26, 2017

               Subscribing to YANG datastore push updates
                    draft-ietf-netconf-yang-push-07

Abstract

   Providing rapid visibility into changes made on YANG configuration
   and operational objects enables new capabilities such as remote
   mirroring of configuration and operational state.  Via the mechanism
   described in this document, subscriber applications may request a
   continuous, customized stream of updates from a YANG datastore.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on December 28, 2017.

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Copyright Notice

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   document authors.  All rights reserved.

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   This document may contain material from IETF Documents or IETF
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   Without obtaining an adequate license from the person(s) controlling
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   than English.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   2.  Definitions and Acronyms  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
   3.  Solution Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
     3.1.  Event Subscription Model  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
     3.2.  Negotiation of Subscription Policies  . . . . . . . . . .   6
     3.3.  On-Change Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     3.4.  Promise-Theory Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     3.5.  Data Encodings  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     3.6.  Datastore filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
     3.7.  Streaming updates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
     3.8.  Subscription management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
     3.9.  Receiver Authorization  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
     3.10. On-change notifiable YANG objects . . . . . . . . . . . .  15
     3.11. Other considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  16
   4.  A YANG data model for management of datastore push
       subscriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  18
     4.1.  Overview  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  18
     4.2.  Subscription configuration  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  23
     4.3.  YANG Notifications  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  25

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     4.4.  YANG RPCs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  26
   5.  YANG module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  30
   6.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  43
   7.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  44
   8.  Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  44
   9.  References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  44
     9.1.  Normative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  44
     9.2.  Informative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  45
   Appendix A.  Relationships to other drafts  . . . . . . . . . . .  46
     A.1.  ietf-netconf-subscribed-notifications . . . . . . . . . .  46
     A.2.  ietf-netconf-netconf-event-notif  . . . . . . . . . . . .  46
     A.3.  ietf-netconf-restconf-notif . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  46
     A.4.  voit-notifications2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  47
   Appendix B.  Technologies to be considered for future iterations   47
     B.1.  Proxy YANG Subscription when the Subscriber and Receiver
           are different . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  47
     B.2.  OpState and Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  48
     B.3.  Splitting push updates  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  48
     B.4.  Potential Subscription Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . .  49
   Appendix C.  Issues that are currently being worked and resolved   49
   Appendix D.  Changes between revisions  . . . . . . . . . . . . .  49
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  51

1.  Introduction

   Traditional approaches to remote visibility have been built on
   polling.  With polling, data is periodically requested and retrieved
   by a client from a server to stay up-to-date.  However, there are
   issues associated with polling-based management:

   o  Polling incurs significant latency.  This latency prohibits many
      application types.

   o  Polling cycles may be missed, requests may be delayed or get lost,
      often when the network is under stress and the need for the data
      is the greatest.

   o  Polling requests may undergo slight fluctuations, resulting in
      intervals of different lengths.  The resulting data is difficult
      to calibrate and compare.

   o  For applications that monitor for changes, many remote polling
      cycles place ultimately fruitless load on the network, devices,
      and applications.

   A more effective alternative to polling is for an application to
   receive automatic and continuous updates from a targeted subset of a
   datastore.  Accordingly, there is a need for a service that allows

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   applications to subscribe to updates from a YANG datastore and that
   enables the publisher to push and in effect stream those updates.
   The requirements for such a service have been documented in
   [RFC7923].

   This document defines a corresponding solution that is built on top
   of "Custom Subscription to Event Notifications" [subscribe].
   Supplementing that work are YANG data model augmentations, extended
   RPCs, and new datastore specific update notifications.  Transport
   options for [subscribe] will work seamlessly with this solution.

2.  Definitions and Acronyms

   The terms below supplement those defined in [subscribe].

   Data node: An instance of management information in a YANG datastore.

   Data node update: A data item containing the current value/property
   of a Data node at the time the data node update was created.

   Datastore: A conceptual store of instantiated management information,
   with individual data items represented by data nodes which are
   arranged in hierarchical manner.

   Data subtree: An instantiated data node and the data nodes that are
   hierarchically contained within it.

   Notification message: A transport encapsulated update record(s) and/
   or event notification(s) intended to be sent to a receiver.

   Update notification message: A notification message that contains an
   update record.

   Update record: A representation data node update(s) resulting from
   the application of a filter for a subscription.  An update record
   will include the value/property of one or more data nodes at a point
   in time.  It may contain the update type for each data node (e.g.,
   add, change, delete).  Also included may be metadata/headers such as
   a subscription-id.

   Update trigger: A mechanism that determines when an update record
   needs to be generated.

   YANG-Push: The subscription and push mechanism for YANG datastores
   that is specified in this document.

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3.  Solution Overview

   This document specifies a solution for a push update subscription
   service.  This solution supports the dynamic as well as configured
   subscriptions to information updates from YANG datastores.
   Subscriptions specify when update notification messages should be
   sent and what data to include in update records.  YANG objects are
   subsequently pushed from the publisher to the receiver per the terms
   of the subscription.

3.1.  Event Subscription Model

   YANG-push subscriptions are defined using a data model that is itself
   defined in YANG.  This model enhances the event subscription model
   defined in [subscribe] with capabilities that allow subscribers to
   subscribe to data node updates, specifically to specify the triggers
   when to generate update records as well as what to include in an
   update record.  Key enhancements include:

   o  Specification of selection filters which identify targeted YANG
      data nodes and/or subtrees within a datastore for which updates
      are to be pushed.

   o  An encoding (using anydata) for the contents of periodic and on-
      change push updates.

   o  Specification of update policies that specify the conditions that
      trigger the generation and pushing of new update records.  There
      are two types of subscriptions, periodic and on-change.

      *  For periodic subscriptions, the trigger is specified by two
         parameters that define when updates are to be pushed.  These
         parameters are the period interval with which to report
         updates, and an anchor time which can be used to calculate at
         which point in time updates need to be assembled and sent.

      *  For on-change subscriptions, a trigger occurs whenever a change
         in the subscribed information is detected.  Included are
         additional parameters such as:

         +  Dampening period: In an on-change subscription, the first
            change that is detected results in an update to be sent
            immediately.  However, sending successive updates whenever
            further changes are detected might result in quick
            exhaustion of resources in case of very rapid changes.  In
            order to protect against that, a dampening period is used to
            specify the interval which must pass before successive
            update records for the same subscription are generated.  The

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            dampening period collectively applies to the set of all data
            nodes of a single subscription.  This means that on change
            of an object being subscribed to, an update record
            containing that object is created either immediately when no
            dampening period is already in effect, or at the end of a
            dampening period.

         +  Change type: This parameter can be used to reduce the types
            of datastore changes for which updates are sent (e.g., you
            might only send when an object is created or deleted, but
            not when an object value changes).

         +  No Synch on start: defines whether or not a complete push-
            update of all subscribed data will be sent at the beginning
            of a subscription.  Such synchronization establishes the
            frame of reference for subsequent updates.

3.2.  Negotiation of Subscription Policies

   A dynamic subscription request SHOULD be declined based on
   publisher's assessment that it may be unable to provide update
   records that would meet the terms of the request.  However a
   subscriber may quickly follow up with a new subscription request
   using different parameters.

   Random guessing at different parameters by a subscriber is to be
   discouraged.  Therefore, in order to minimize the number of
   subscription iterations between subscriber and publisher, dynamic
   subscriptions SHOULD support a simple negotiation between subscribers
   and publishers for subscription parameters.  This negotiation is in
   the form of a no-success response to a failed establish or modify
   subscription request.  The no-success message SHOULD include in the
   returned error response information that, when considered, increases
   the likelihood of success for subsequent requests.  However, there
   are no guarantees that subsequent requests for this subscriber will
   in fact be accepted.

   Such negotiation information returned from a publisher beyond that
   from [subscribe] includes hints at acceptable time intervals, size
   estimates for the number or objects which would be returned from a
   filter, and the names of targeted objects not found in the
   publisher's YANG tree.

3.3.  On-Change Considerations

   On-change subscriptions allow subscribers to subscribe to updates
   whenever changes to objects occur.  As such, on-change subscriptions
   are particularly effective for data that changes infrequently, yet

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   that requires applications to be notified whenever a change does
   occur with minimal delay.

   On-change subscriptions tend to be more difficult to implement than
   periodic subscriptions.  Accordingly, on-change subscriptions may not
   be supported by all implementations or for every object.

   Whether or not to accept or reject on-change subscription requests
   when the scope of the subscription contains objects for which on-
   change is not supported is up to the server implementation: A server
   MAY accept an on-change subscription even when the scope of the
   subscription contains objects for which on-change is not supported.
   In that case, updates are sent only for those objects within the
   scope that do support on-change updates whereas other objects are
   excluded from update records, whether or not their values actually
   change.  In order for a client to determine whether objects support
   on-change subcriptions, objects are marked accordingly by a server.
   Accordingly, when subscribing, it is the responsibility of the client
   to ensure it is aware of which objects support on-change and which do
   not.  For more on how objects are so marked, see Section 3.10.

   Alternatively, a server MAY decide to simply reject an on-change
   subscription in case the scope of the subscription contains objects
   for which on-change is not supported.  In case of a configured
   subscription, the subsription can be marked as suspended respectively
   inoperational.

   To avoid flooding receivers with repeated updates for subscriptions
   containing fast-changing objects, or objects with oscillating values,
   an on-change subscription allows for the definition of a dampening
   period.  Once an update record for a given object is generated, no
   other updates for this particular subscription will be created until
   the end of the dampening period.  Values sent at the end of the
   dampening period are the current values of all changed objects which
   are current at the time the dampening period expires.  Changed
   objects includes those which were deleted or newly created during
   that dampening period.  If an object has returned to its original
   value (or even has been created and then deleted) during the
   dampening-period, the last change will still be sent.  This will
   indicate churn is occuring on that object.

   In cases where a client wants to have separate dampening periods for
   different objects, multiple subscriptions with different objects in
   subscription scope can be created.

   On-change subscriptions can be refined to let users subscribe only to
   certain types of changes, for example, only to object creations and
   deletions, but not to modifications of object values.

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3.4.  Promise-Theory Considerations

   A subscription to updates from a YANG datastore is intended to
   obviate the need for polling.  However, in order to do so, it is of
   utmost importance that subscribers can rely on the subscription and
   have confidence that they will indeed receive the subscribed updates
   without having to worry updates being silently dropped.  In other
   words, a subscription constitutes a promise on the side of the server
   to provide the receivers with updates per the terms of the
   subscription.

   Now, there are many reasons why a server may at some point no longer
   be able to fulfill the terms of the subscription, even if the
   subscription had been entered into with good faith.  For example, the
   volume of data objects may be larger than anticipated, the interval
   may prove too short to send full updates in rapid succession, or an
   internal problem may prevent updates from being collected.  If for
   some reason the server of a subscription is not able to keep its
   promise, receivers MUST be notified immediately and reliably.  The
   server MUST also update the state of the subscription to indicate
   that the subscription is in a detrimental state.

   A server SHOULD reject a request for a subscription if it is unlikely
   that the server will be able fulfill the terms of the subscription.
   In such cases, it is preferable to have a client request another
   subscription that is less resource intensive (for example, a
   subscription with longer periodic update intervals), than to
   subsequently frustrate the receiver with `frequent subscription
   suspensions.

3.5.  Data Encodings

   Subscribed data is encoded in either XML or JSON format.  A publisher
   MUST support XML encoding and MAY support JSON encoding.

3.5.1.  Periodic Subscriptions

   In a periodic subscription, the data included as part of an update
   corresponds to data that could have been simply retrieved using a get
   operation and is encoded in the same way.  XML encoding rules for
   data nodes are defined in [RFC7950].  JSON encoding rules are defined
   in [RFC7951].

3.5.2.  On-Change Subscriptions

   In an on-change subscription, updates need to indicate not only
   values of changed data nodes but also the types of changes that
   occurred since the last update.  Therefore encoding rules for data in

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   on-change updates will follow YANG-patch operation as specified in
   [RFC8072].  The YANG-patch will describe what needs to be applied to
   the earlier state reported by the preceding update, to result in the
   now-current state.  Note that contrary to [RFC8072], objects
   encapsulated are not restricted to configuration objects only.

3.6.  Datastore filters

   Subscription policy specifies both the filters and the datastores
   against which the filters will be applied.  The result is the push of
   information necessary to remotely maintain an extract of publisher's
   datastore.

   Only a single filter can be applied to a subscription at a time.  The
   following selection filter types are included in the yang-push data
   model, and may be applied against a datastore:

   o  subtree: A subtree filter identifies one or more subtrees.  When
      specified, updates will only come from the data nodes of selected
      YANG subtree(s).  The syntax and semantics correspond to that
      specified for [RFC6241] section 6.

   o  xpath: An xpath filter is an XPath expression which may be
      meaningfully applied to a datastore.  It is the results of this
      expression which will be pushed.

   Filters are intended to be used as selectors that define which
   objects are within the scope of a subscription.  Filters are not
   intended to be used to store objects based on their current value.
   Doing so would have a number of implications that would result in
   significant additional complexity.  For example, withough extending
   encodings for on-change subscriptions, a receiver would not be able
   to distinguish cases in which an object is no longer included in an
   update because it was deleted, as opposed to its value simply no
   longer meeting the filter criteria.  While it is possible to define
   extensions in the future that will support filtering based on values,
   this is not supported in this version of yang-push and a server MAY
   reject a subscription request that contains a filter for object
   values.

   Xpath itself provides powerful filtering constructs, and care must be
   used in filter definition.  As an example, consider an xpath filter
   with a boolean result; such a result will not provide an easily
   interpretable subset of a datastore.  Beyond the boolean example, it
   is quite possible to define an xpath filter where results are easy
   for an application to mis-interpret.  Consider an xpath filter which
   only passes a datastore object when interface=up.  It is up to the

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   receiver to understand implications of the presence or absence of
   objects in each update.

   It is not expected that implementations will support comprehensive
   filter syntax and boundless complexity.  It will be up to
   implementations to describe what is viable, but the goal is to
   provide equivalent capabilities to what is available with a GET.
   Implementations MUST reject dynamic subscriptions or suspend
   configured subscriptions if they include filters which are
   unsupportable on a platform.

3.7.  Streaming updates

   Contrary to traditional data retrieval requests, datastore
   subscription enables an unbounded series of update records to be
   streamed over time.  Two generic notifications for update records
   have been defined for this: "push-update" and "push-change-update".

   A push-update notification defines a complete, filtered update of the
   datastore per the terms of a subscription.  This type of notification
   is used for continuous updates of periodic subscriptions.  A push-
   update notification can also used be for the on-change subscriptions
   in two cases.  First it will be used as the initial push-update if
   there is a need to synchronize the receiver at the start of a new
   subscription.  It also MAY be sent if the publisher later chooses to
   resynch an on-change subscription.  The push-update record contains a
   data snippet that contains an instantiated subtree with the
   subscribed contents.  The content of the update record is equivalent
   to the contents that would be obtained had the same data been
   explicitly retrieved using e.g., a NETCONF "get" operation, with the
   same filters applied.

   A push-change-update notification is the most common type of update
   for on-change subscriptions.  The update record in this case contains
   a data snippet that indicates the set of changes that data nodes have
   undergone since the last notification of YANG objects.  In other
   words, this indicates which data nodes have been created, deleted, or
   have had changes to their values.  In cases where multiple changes
   have occurred and the object has not been deleted, the object's most
   current value is reported.  (In other words, for each object, only
   one change is reported, not its entire history.  Doing so would
   defeat the purpose of the dampening period.)

   These new YANG notifications are encoded and placed within
   notification messages, which are then queued for egress over the
   specified transport.  The following is an example of an XML encoded
   notification message over NETCONF transport as per [netconf-notif].

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        <notification
              xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:notification:1.0">
           <eventTime>2015-03-09T19:14:56Z</eventTime>
           <push-update
               xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-yang-push:1.0">
             <subscription-id>1011</subscription-id>
             <time-of-update>2015-03-09T19:14:56.233Z</time-of-update>
             <datastore-contents>
                <foo>
                   <bar>some_string</bar>
                </foo>
             </datastore-contents>
           </push-update>
        </notification>

                          Figure 1: Push example

   The following is an example of an on-change notification.  It
   contains an update for subscription 89, including a new value for a
   leaf called beta, which is a child of a top-level container called
   alpha:

        <notification
              xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:notification:1.0">
           <eventTime>2015-03-09T19:14:56Z</eventTime>
           <push-change-update xmlns=
               "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-yang-push:1.0">
             <subscription-id>89</subscription-id>
             <time-of-update>2015-03-09T19:14:56.233Z</time-of-update>
             <datastore-changes>
               <alpha xmlns="http://example.com/sample-data/1.0" >
                 <beta>1500</beta>
               </alpha>
             </datastore-changes>
           </push-change-update>
        </notification>

                   Figure 2: Push example for on change

   The equivalent update when requesting json encoding:

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        <notification
              xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:notification:1.0">
           <eventTime>2015-03-09T19:14:56Z</eventTime>
           <push-change-update xmlns=
               "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-yang-push:1.0">
             <subscription-id>89</subscription-id>
             <time-of-update>2015-03-09T19:14:56.233Z</time-of-update>
             <datastore-changes>
               {
                "ietf-yang-patch:yang-patch": {
                "patch-id": [
                  null
                ],
                "edit": [
                  {
                      "edit-id": "edit1",
                      "operation": "merge",
                      "target": "/alpha/beta",
                      "value": {
                          "beta": 1500
                      }
                  }
                ]
               }
             }
             </datastore-changes>
           </push-change-update>
        </notification>

              Figure 3: Push example for on change with JSON

   When the beta leaf is deleted, the publisher may send

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        <notification
              xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:notification:1.0">
           <eventTime>2015-03-09T19:14:56Z</eventTime>
           <push-change-update xmlns=
               "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-yang-push:1.0">
             <subscription-id>89</subscription-id>
             <time-of-update>2015-03-09T19:14:56.233Z</time-of-update>
             <datastore-changes-xml>
               <alpha xmlns="http://example.com/sample-data/1.0" >
                 <beta urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0:
                     operation="delete"/>
               </alpha>
             </datastore-changes-xml>
           </push-change-update>
        </notification>

              Figure 4: 2nd push example for on change update

3.8.  Subscription management

   [subscribe] has been enhanced to support YANG datastore subscription
   negotiation.  These enhancements provide information on why a
   datastore subscription attempt has failed.

   A datastore subscription can be rejected for multiple reasons.  This
   includes the lack of read authorization on a requested data node, or
   the inability of the publisher push update records as frequently as
   requested.  In such cases, no subscription is established.  Instead,
   the subscription-result with the failure reason is returned as part
   of the RPC response.  As part of this response, a set of alternative
   subscription parameters MAY be returned that would likely have
   resulted in acceptance of the subscription request.  The subscriber
   may consider these as part of future subscription attempts.

   It should be noted that a rejected subscription does not result in
   the generation of an rpc-reply with an rpc-error element, as neither
   the specification of YANG-push specific errors nor the specification
   of additional data parameters to be returned in an error case are
   supported as part of a YANG data model.

   For instance, for the following request:

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   <netconf:rpc message-id="101"
      xmlns:netconf="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0">
      <establish-subscription
            xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-yang-push:1.0">
         <datastore>push-update</datastore>
         <filter netconf:type="xpath"
               xmlns:ex="http://example.com/sample-data/1.0"
               select="/ex:foo"/>
         <period>500</period>
         <encoding>encode-xml</encoding>
      </establish-subscription>
   </netconf:rpc>

                 Figure 5: Establish-Subscription example

   the publisher might return:

   <rpc-reply message-id="101"
        xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0">
      <subscription-result
        xmlns="http://urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-yang-push:1.0">
        error-insufficient-resources
      </subscription-result>
      <period>2000</period>
   </rpc-reply>

                     Figure 6: Error response example

3.9.  Receiver Authorization

   A receiver of subscription data MUST only be sent updates for which
   they have proper authorization.  A server MUST ensure that no non-
   authorized data is included in push updates.  To do so, it needs to
   apply all corresponding checks applicable at the time of a specific
   pushed update and if necessary silently remove any non-authorized
   data from subtrees.  This enables YANG data pushed based on
   subscriptions to be authorized equivalently to a regular data
   retrieval (get) operation.

   Alternatively, a server that wants to avoid having to perform
   filtering of authorized content on each update MAY instead simply
   reject a subscription request that contains non-authorized data.  It
   MAY subsequently suspend a subscription in case new objects are
   created during the course of the subscription for which the receiver
   does not have the necessary authorization, or in case the
   authorization privileges of a receiver change over the course of the
   subscription.

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   The contextual authorization model for data in YANG datastores is the
   NETCONF Access Control Model [RFC6536bis], Section 3.2.3.  However,
   there are some differences.

   One of these clarifications is that datastore selection MUST NOT
   return continuous errors as part of an on-change subscription.  This
   includes errors such as when there is not read access to every data
   node specifically named within the filter.  Non-authorized data needs
   to be either simply dropped or, alternatively, the subscription
   SHOULD be suspended.

                    +-------------+                 +-------------+
       establish /  |  protocol   |                 |   filter    |
       modify   --> |  operation  | ------------->  |  data node  |
       subscription |  allowed?   |   datastore     |   access    |
                    +-------------+   objects       |  allowed?   |
                                                    +-------------+

                 Figure 7: Access control for subscription

   Another clarification to [RFC6536bis] is that each of the individual
   nodes in a resulting update record MUST also have applied access
   control to resulting pushed messages.  This includes validating that
   read access into new nodes added since the last update record.  If
   read access into previously accessible nodes not explicitly named in
   the filter are lost mid-subscription, that can be treated as a
   'delete' for on-change subscriptions.  If not capable of handling
   such permission changes for dynamic subscriptions, publisher
   implementations MAY choose to terminate the subscription and to force
   re-establishment with appropriate filtering.

                          +-------------+      +-------------------+
     push-update / -->    |  data node  |  yes |                   |
     push-change-update   |   access    | ---> | add data node     |
                          |  allowed?   |      | to update message |
                          +-------------+      +-------------------+

                 Figure 8: Access control for push updates

3.10.  On-change notifiable YANG objects

   In some cases, a publisher supporting on-change notifications may not
   be able to push updates for some object types on-change.  Reasons for
   this might be that the value of the data node changes frequently
   (e.g., [RFC7223]'s in-octets counter), that small object changes are
   frequent and meaningless (e.g., a temperature gauge changing 0.1

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   degrees), or that the implementation is not capable of on-change
   notification for a particular object.

   Support for on-change notification is usually specific to the
   individual YANG model and/or implementation so it is possible to
   define in design time.  System integrators need this information
   (without reading any data from a live node).

   The default assumption is that no data nodes support on-change
   notification.  Schema nodes and subtrees that support on-change
   notifications MUST be marked by accordingly with the YANG extension
   "notifiable-on-change".  This extension is defined in the data model
   below.

   When an on-change subscription is established, data-nodes are
   automatically excluded unless they are marked with notifiable-on-
   change as true.  This also means that authorization checks SHALL NOT
   be performed on them.  A client can identify which nodes will be
   included in on-change updated by retrieving the data nodes in the
   subscription's scope and checking for which notifiable-on-change is
   marked as true.

   Adding notifiable-on-change markings will in general require updating
   the corresponding YANG models.  A simple way to avoid having to
   modify existing module definitions is to add notifiable-on-change
   markings by defining module deviations.  This means that when a YANG
   model designer wants to add a notifiable-on-change marking to nodes
   of an existing module without modifying the module definitions, a new
   module is introduced that contains deviation statements which add
   "notifiable-on-change" statements as appicable.

    deviation /sys:system/sys:system-time {
      deviate add {
         yp:notifiable-on-change false;
      }
    }

                        Figure 9: Deviation Example

3.11.  Other considerations

3.11.1.  Robustness and reliability

   Particularly in the case of on-change push updates, it is important
   that push updates do not get lost or, in case the loss of an update
   is unavoidable, that the receiver is notified accordingly.

   Update messages for a single subscription MAY NOT be resequenced.

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   It is conceivable that under certain circumstances, a publisher will
   recognize that it is unable to include within an update record the
   full set of objects desired per the terms of a subscription.  In this
   case, the publisher MUST take one or more of the following actions.

   o  A publisher MUST set the updates-not-sent flag on any update
      record which is known to be missing information.

   o  It MAY choose to suspend a subscription as per [subscribe].

   o  When resuming an on-change subscription, the publisher SHOULD
      generate a complete patch from the previous update record.  If
      this is not possible and the synch-on-start option is configured,
      then the full datastore contents MAY be sent instead (effectively
      replacing the previous contents).  If neither of these are
      possible, then an updates-not-sent flag MUST be included on the
      next push-change-update.

   Note: It is perfectly acceptable to have a series of push-change-
   updates (and even push updates) serially queued at the transport
   layer awaiting transmission.  It is not required to merge pending
   update messages.  I.e., the dampening period applies to update record
   creation, not transmission.

3.11.2.  Update size and fragmentation

   Depending on the subscription, the volume of updates can become quite
   large.  Additionally, based on the platform, it is possible that
   update records for a single subscription are best sent independently
   from different line-cards.  Therefore, it may not always be practical
   to send the entire update record in a single chunk.  Implementations
   may therefore choose, at their discretion, to "chunk" update records,
   breaking one subscription's objects across several update records.
   In this case the updates-not-sent flag will indicate that no single
   update record is complete, and it is permissible for multiple updates
   to come into a receiver for a single periodic interval or on-change
   dampening period.

   Care must be taken in chunking as problems may arrise for objects
   that have containment or referential dependencies.  The publisher
   must consider these issues if chunking is provided.

3.11.3.  Publisher capacity

   It is far preferable to decline a subscription request than to accept
   such a request when it cannot be met.

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   Whether or not a subscription can be supported will be determined by
   a combination of several factors such as the subscription policy (on-
   change or periodic), the period in which to report changes (1 second
   periods will consume more resources than 1 hour periods), the amount
   of data in the subtree that is being subscribed to, and the number
   and combination of other subscriptions that are concurrently being
   serviced.

4.  A YANG data model for management of datastore push subscriptions

4.1.  Overview

   The YANG data model for datastore push subscriptions is depicted in
   the following figure.  Following YANG tree convention in the
   depiction, brackets enclose list keys, "rw" means configuration, "ro"
   operational state data, "?" designates optional nodes, "*" designates
   nodes that can have multiple instances.  Parentheses with a name in
   the middle enclose choice and case nodes.  New YANG objects defined
   here (i.e., beyond those from [subscribe]) are identified with "yp".

module: ietf-subscribed-notifications
    +--rw filters
    |  +--rw filter* [identifier]
    |     +--rw identifier     filter-id
    |     +--rw filter-type    filter-type
    |     +--rw filter
    +--rw subscription-config {configured-subscriptions}?
    |  +--rw subscription* [identifier]
    |     +--rw identifier              subscription-id
    |     +--rw encoding?               encoding
    |     +--rw (target)
    |     |  +--:(event-stream)
    |     |  |  +--rw stream                  stream
    |     |  +--:(yp:datastore)
    |     |     +--rw yp:datastore            datastore
    |     +--rw (applied-filter)
    |     |  +--:(by-reference)
    |     |  |  +--rw filter-ref              filter-ref
    |     |  +--:(locally-configured)
    |     |     +--rw filter-type             filter-type
    |     |     +--rw filter
    |     +--rw stop-time?              yang:date-and-time
    |     +--rw receivers
    |     |  +--rw receiver* [address port]
    |     |     +--rw address     inet:host
    |     |     +--rw port        inet:port-number
    |     |     +--rw protocol?   transport-protocol
    |     +--rw (notification-origin)?

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    |     |  +--:(interface-originated)
    |     |  |  +--rw source-interface?       if:interface-ref
    |     |  +--:(address-originated)
    |     |     +--rw source-vrf?             string
    |     |     +--rw source-address          inet:ip-address-no-zone
    |     +--rw (yp:update-trigger)?
    |     |  +--:(yp:periodic)
    |     |  |  +--rw yp:period               yang:timeticks
    |     |  |  +--rw yp:anchor-time?         yang:date-and-time
    |     |  +--:(yp:on-change) {on-change}?
    |     |     +--rw yp:dampening-period     yang:timeticks
    |     |     +--rw yp:no-synch-on-start?   empty
    |     |     +--rw yp:excluded-change*     change-type
    |     +--rw yp:dscp?                inet:dscp
    |     +--rw yp:weighting?           uint8
    |     +--rw yp:dependency?          sn:subscription-id
    +--ro subscriptions
       +--ro subscription* [identifier]
          +--ro identifier                 subscription-id
          +--ro configured-subscription?
          |                   empty {configured-subscriptions}?
          +--ro encoding?                  encoding
          +--ro (target)
          |  +--:(event-stream)
          |  |  +--ro stream                     stream
          |  |  +--ro replay-start-time?    yang:date-and-time {replay}?
          |  +--:(yp:datastore)
          |     +--ro yp:datastore               datastore
          +--ro (applied-filter)
          |  +--:(by-reference)
          |  |  +--ro filter-ref                 filter-ref
          |  +--:(locally-configured)
          |     +--ro filter-type                filter-type
          |     +--ro filter
          +--ro stop-time?                 yang:date-and-time
          +--ro (notification-origin)?
          |  +--:(interface-originated)
          |  |  +--ro source-interface?          if:interface-ref
          |  +--:(address-originated)
          |     +--ro source-vrf?                string
          |     +--ro source-address             inet:ip-address-no-zone
          +--ro receivers
          |  +--ro receiver* [address port]
          |     +--ro address                   inet:host
          |     +--ro port                      inet:port-number
          |     +--ro protocol?                 transport-protocol
          |     +--ro pushed-notifications?     yang:counter64
          |     +--ro excluded-notifications?   yang:counter64

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          |     +--ro status                    subscription-status
          +--ro (yp:update-trigger)?
          |  +--:(yp:periodic)
          |  |  +--ro yp:period                  yang:timeticks
          |  |  +--ro yp:anchor-time?            yang:date-and-time
          |  +--:(yp:on-change) {on-change}?
          |     +--ro yp:dampening-period        yang:timeticks
          |     +--ro yp:no-synch-on-start?      empty
          |     +--ro yp:excluded-change*        change-type
          +--ro yp:dscp?                   inet:dscp
          +--ro yp:weighting?              uint8
          +--ro yp:dependency?             sn:subscription-id

  rpcs:
    +---x establish-subscription
    |  +---w input
    |  |  +---w encoding?               encoding
    |  |  +---w (target)
    |  |  |  +--:(event-stream)
    |  |  |  |  +---w stream                  stream
    |  |  |  |  +---w replay-start-time?   yang:date-and-time {replay}?
    |  |  |  +--:(yp:datastore)
    |  |  |     +---w yp:datastore            datastore
    |  |  +---w (applied-filter)
    |  |  |  +--:(by-reference)
    |  |  |  |  +---w filter-ref              filter-ref
    |  |  |  +--:(locally-configured)
    |  |  |     +---w filter-type             filter-type
    |  |  |     +---w filter
    |  |  +---w stop-time?              yang:date-and-time
    |  |  +---w (yp:update-trigger)?
    |  |  |  +--:(yp:periodic)
    |  |  |  |  +---w yp:period               yang:timeticks
    |  |  |  |  +---w yp:anchor-time?         yang:date-and-time
    |  |  |  +--:(yp:on-change) {on-change}?
    |  |  |     +---w yp:dampening-period     yang:timeticks
    |  |  |     +---w yp:no-synch-on-start?   empty
    |  |  |     +---w yp:excluded-change*     change-type
    |  |  +---w yp:dscp?                inet:dscp
    |  |  +---w yp:weighting?           uint8
    |  |  +---w yp:dependency?          sn:subscription-id
    |  +--ro output
    |     +--ro subscription-result         subscription-result
    |     +--ro (result)?
    |        +--:(no-success)
    |        |  +--ro filter-failure?             string
    |        |  +--ro replay-start-time-hint?     yang:date-and-time
    |        |  +--ro yp:period-hint?             yang:timeticks

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    |        |  +--ro yp:error-path?              string
    |        |  +--ro yp:object-count-estimate?   uint32
    |        |  +--ro yp:object-count-limit?      uint32
    |        |  +--ro yp:kilobytes-estimate?      uint32
    |        |  +--ro yp:kilobytes-limit?         uint32
    |        +--:(success)
    |           +--ro identifier                  subscription-id
    +---x modify-subscription
    |  +---w input
    |  |  +---w identifier?            subscription-id
    |  |  +---w (applied-filter)
    |  |  |  +--:(by-reference)
    |  |  |  |  +---w filter-ref             filter-ref
    |  |  |  +--:(locally-configured)
    |  |  |     +---w filter-type            filter-type
    |  |  |     +---w filter
    |  |  +---w stop-time?             yang:date-and-time
    |  |  +---w (yp:update-trigger)?
    |  |     +--:(yp:periodic)
    |  |     |  +---w yp:period              yang:timeticks
    |  |     |  +---w yp:anchor-time?        yang:date-and-time
    |  |     +--:(yp:on-change) {on-change}?
    |  |        +---w yp:dampening-period    yang:timeticks
    |  +--ro output
    |     +--ro subscription-result         subscription-result
    |     +--ro (result)?
    |        +--:(no-success)
    |           +--ro filter-failure?             string
    |           +--ro yp:period-hint?             yang:timeticks
    |           +--ro yp:error-path?              string
    |           +--ro yp:object-count-estimate?   uint32
    |           +--ro yp:object-count-limit?      uint32
    |           +--ro yp:kilobytes-estimate?      uint32
    |           +--ro yp:kilobytes-limit?         uint32
    +---x delete-subscription
    |  +---w input
    |  |  +---w identifier    subscription-id
    |  +--ro output
    |     +--ro subscription-result    subscription-result
    +---x kill-subscription
       +---w input
       |  +---w identifier    subscription-id
       +--ro output
          +--ro subscription-result    subscription-result

  notifications:
    +---n replay-complete
    |  +--ro identifier    subscription-id

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    +---n notification-complete
    |  +--ro identifier    subscription-id
    +---n subscription-started
    |  +--ro identifier              subscription-id
    |  +--ro encoding?               encoding
    |  +--ro (target)
    |  |  +--:(event-stream)
    |  |  |  +--ro stream                  stream
    |  |  |  +--ro replay-start-time?      yang:date-and-time {replay}?
    |  |  +--:(yp:datastore)
    |  |     +--ro yp:datastore            datastore
    |  +--ro (applied-filter)
    |  |  +--:(by-reference)
    |  |  |  +--ro filter-ref              filter-ref
    |  |  +--:(locally-configured)
    |  |     +--ro filter-type             filter-type
    |  |     +--ro filter
    |  +--ro stop-time?              yang:date-and-time
    |  +--ro (yp:update-trigger)?
    |  |  +--:(yp:periodic)
    |  |  |  +--ro yp:period               yang:timeticks
    |  |  |  +--ro yp:anchor-time?         yang:date-and-time
    |  |  +--:(yp:on-change) {on-change}?
    |  |     +--ro yp:dampening-period     yang:timeticks
    |  |     +--ro yp:no-synch-on-start?   empty
    |  |     +--ro yp:excluded-change*     change-type
    |  +--ro yp:dscp?                inet:dscp
    |  +--ro yp:weighting?           uint8
    |  +--ro yp:dependency?          sn:subscription-id
    +---n subscription-resumed
    |  +--ro identifier    subscription-id
    +---n subscription-modified
    |  +--ro identifier              subscription-id
    |  +--ro encoding?               encoding
    |  +--ro (target)
    |  |  +--:(event-stream)
    |  |     +--ro stream                  stream
    |  |     +--ro replay-start-time?      yang:date-and-time {replay}?
    |  +--ro (applied-filter)
    |  |  +--:(by-reference)
    |  |  |  +--ro filter-ref              filter-ref
    |  |  +--:(locally-configured)
    |  |     +--ro filter-type             filter-type
    |  |     +--ro filter
    |  +--ro stop-time?              yang:date-and-time
    |  +--ro (yp:update-trigger)?
    |  |  +--:(yp:periodic)
    |  |  |  +--ro yp:period               yang:timeticks

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    |  |  |  +--ro yp:anchor-time?         yang:date-and-time
    |  |  +--:(yp:on-change) {on-change}?
    |  |     +--ro yp:dampening-period     yang:timeticks
    |  |     +--ro yp:no-synch-on-start?   empty
    |  |     +--ro yp:excluded-change*     change-type
    |  +--ro yp:dscp?                inet:dscp
    |  +--ro yp:weighting?           uint8
    |  +--ro yp:dependency?          sn:subscription-id
    +---n subscription-terminated
    |  +--ro identifier        subscription-id
    |  +--ro error-id          subscription-errors
    |  +--ro filter-failure?   string
    +---n subscription-suspended
       +--ro identifier        subscription-id
       +--ro error-id          subscription-errors
       +--ro filter-failure?   string

module: ietf-yang-push
  notifications:
    +---n push-update
    |  +--ro subscription-id       sn:subscription-id
    |  +--ro time-of-update?       yang:date-and-time
    |  +--ro updates-not-sent?     empty
    |  +--ro datastore-contents?
    +---n push-change-update {on-change}?
       +--ro subscription-id      sn:subscription-id
       +--ro time-of-update?      yang:date-and-time
       +--ro updates-not-sent?    empty
       +--ro datastore-changes?

                        Figure 10: Model structure

   Selected components of the model are summarized below.

4.2.  Subscription configuration

   Both configured and dynamic subscriptions are represented within the
   list subscription-config.  Each subscription has own list elements.
   New and enhanced parameters extending the basic subscription data
   model in [subscribe] include:

   o  An update filter identifying yang nodes of interest.  Filter
      contents are specified via a reference to an existing filter, or
      via an in-line definition for only that subscription.  This
      facilitates the reuse of filter definitions, which can be
      important in case of complex filter conditions.  Referenced
      filters can also allow an implementation to avoid evaluating

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      filter acceptability during a dynamic subscription request.  The
      case statement differentiates the options.

   o  For periodic subscriptions, triggered updates will occur at the
      boundaries of a specified time interval.  These boundaries many be
      calculated from the periodic parameters:

      *  a "period" which defines duration between period push updates.

      *  an "anchor-time"; update intervals always fall on the points in
         time that are a multiple of a period after the anchor time.  If
         anchor time is not provided, then the anchor time MUST be set
         with the creation time of the initial update record.

   o  For on-change subscriptions, assuming the dampening period has
      completed, triggered occurs whenever a change in the subscribed
      information is detected.  On-change subscriptions have more
      complex semantics that is guided by its own set of parameters:

      *  a "dampening-period" specifies the interval that must pass
         before a successive update for the subscription is sent.  If no
         dampening period is in effect, the update is sent immediately.
         If a subsequent change is detected, another update is only sent
         once the dampening period has passed for this subscription.

      *  an "excluded-change" flag which allows restriction of the types
         of changes for which updates should be sent (e.g., only add to
         an update record on object creation).

      *  a "no-synch-on-start" flag which specifies whether a complete
         update with all the subscribed data is to be sent at the
         beginning of a subscription.

   o  Optional qos parameters to indicate the treatment of a
      subscription relative to other traffic between publisher and
      receiver.  These include:

      *  A "dscp" QoS marking which MUST be stamped on notification
         messages to differentiate network QoS behavior.

      *  A "weighting" so that bandwidth proportional to this weighting
         can be allocated to this subscription relative to others for
         that receiver.

      *  a "dependency" upon another subscription.  Notification
         messages MUST NOT be sent prior to other notification messages
         containing update record(s) for the referenced subscription.

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   o  A subscription's weighting MUST work identically to stream
      dependency weighting as described within RFC 7540, section 5.3.2.

   o  A subscription's dependency MUST work identically to stream
      dependency as described within RFC 7540, sections 5.3.1, 5.3.3,
      and 5.3.4.  If a dependency is attempted via an RPC, but the
      referenced subscription does not exist, the dependency will be
      removed.

4.3.  YANG Notifications

4.3.1.  Monitoring and OAM Notifications

   OAM notifications and mechanism are reused from [subscribe].  Some
   have been augmented to include the YANG datastore specific objects.

4.3.2.  New Notifications for update records

   The data model introduces two YANG notifications to encode
   information for update records: "push-update" and "push-change-
   update".

   "Push-update" is used to send a complete snapshot of the filtered
   subscription data.  This type of notification is used to carry the
   update records of a periodic subscription.  The "push-update"
   notification is also used with on-change subscriptions for the
   purposes of allowing a receiver to "synch" on a complete set of
   subscribed datastore contents.  This synching may be done the start
   of an on-change subscription, and then later in that subscription to
   force resynchronization.  If the "updates-not-sent" flag is set, this
   indicates that the update record is incomplete.

   "Push-change-update" is used to send datastore changes that have
   occurred in subscribed data since the previous update.  This
   notification is used only in conjunction with on-change
   subscriptions.  This will be encoded as yang-patch data.

   If the application detects an informational discontinuity in either
   notification, the notification MUST include a flag "updates-not-
   sent".  This flag which indicates that not all changes which have
   occurred since the last update are actually included with this
   update.  In other words, the publisher has failed to fulfill its full
   subscription obligations.  (For example a datastore missed a window
   in providing objects to a publisher process.)  To facilitate
   synchronization, a publisher MAY subsequently send a push-update
   containing a full snapshot of subscribed data.

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4.4.  YANG RPCs

   YANG-Push subscriptions are established, modified, and deleted using
   RPCs augmented from [subscribe].

4.4.1.  Establish-subscription RPC

   The subscriber sends an establish-subscription RPC with the
   parameters in section 3.1.  An example might look like:

   <netconf:rpc message-id="101"
      xmlns:netconf="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0">
      <establish-subscription
            xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-yang-push:1.0">
         <filter netconf:type="xpath"
               xmlns:ex="http://example.com/sample-data/1.0"
               select="/ex:foo"/>
         <period>500</period>
         <encoding>encode-xml</encoding>
      </establish-subscription>
   </netconf:rpc>

                   Figure 11: Establish-subscription RPC

   The publisher MUST respond explicitly positively (i.e., subscription
   accepted) or negatively (i.e., subscription rejected) to the request.
   Positive responses include the subscription-id of the accepted
   subscription.  In that case a publisher MAY respond:

   <rpc-reply message-id="101"
       xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0">
       <subscription-result
            xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-yang-push:1.0">
          ok
       </subscription-result>
       <subscription-id
            xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-yang-push:1.0">
          52
       </subscription-id>
   </rpc-reply>

          Figure 12: Establish-subscription positive RPC response

   A subscription can be rejected for multiple reasons, including the
   lack of authorization to establish a subscription, the lack of read
   authorization on the requested data node, or the inability of the
   publisher to provide a stream with the requested semantics.

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   When the requester is not authorized to read the requested data node,
   the returned information indicates the node is unavailable.  For
   instance, if the above request was unauthorized to read node "ex:foo"
   the publisher may return:

   <rpc-reply message-id="101"
       xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0">
       <subscription-result
             xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-yang-push:1.0">
          subtree-unavailable
       </subscription-result>
       <filter-failure
             xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-yang-push:1.0">
          /ex:foo
       </filter-failure>
   </rpc-reply>

         Figure 13: Establish-subscription access denied response

   If a request is rejected because the publisher is not able to serve
   it, the publisher SHOULD include in the returned error what
   subscription parameters would have been accepted for the request.
   However, there are no guarantee that subsequent requests using this
   info will in fact be accepted.

   For example, for the following request:

   <netconf:rpc message-id="101"
      xmlns:netconf="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0">
      <establish-subscription
            xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-yang-push:1.0">
         <datastore>running</datastore>
         <filter netconf:type="xpath"
               xmlns:ex="http://example.com/sample-data/1.0"
               select="/ex:foo"/>
         <dampening-period>10</dampening-period>
         <encoding>encode-xml</encoding>
      </establish-subscription>
   </netconf:rpc>

            Figure 14: Establish-subscription request example 2

   a publisher that cannot serve on-change updates but periodic updates
   might return the following:

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   <rpc-reply message-id="101"
         xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0">
       <subscription-result
             xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-yang-push:1.0">
          period-unsupported
       </subscription-result>
       <period-hint>100</period-hint>
   </rpc-reply>

        Figure 15: Establish-subscription error response example 2

4.4.2.  Modify-subscription RPC

   The subscriber MAY invoke the modify-subscription RPC for a
   subscription it previously established.  The subscriber will include
   newly desired values in the modify-subscription RPC.  Parameters not
   included MUST remain unmodified.  Below is an example where a
   subscriber attempts to modify the period of a subscription.

   <netconf:rpc message-id="102"
      xmlns:netconf="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0">
      <modify-subscription
           xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-yang-push:1.0">
         <datastore>running</datastore>
         <subscription-id>
            1011
         </subscription-id>
         <period>250</period>
      </modify-subscription>
   </netconf:rpc>

                  Figure 16: Modify subscription request

   The publisher MUST respond explicitly positively or negatively to the
   request.  A response to a successful modification might look like:

   <rpc-reply message-id="102"
      xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0">
      <subscription-result
            xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-yang-push:1.0">
         ok
      </subscription-result>
   </rpc-reply>

                  Figure 17: Modify subscription response

   If the subscription modification is rejected, the publisher MUST send
   a response like it does for an establish-subscription and maintain

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   the subscription as it was before the modification request.
   Responses MAY include hints.  A subscription MAY be modified multiple
   times.

   A configured subscription cannot be modified using modify-
   subscription RPC.  Instead, the configuration needs to be edited as
   needed.

4.4.3.  Delete-subscription RPC

   To stop receiving updates from a subscription and effectively delete
   a subscription that had previously been established using an
   establish-subscription RPC, a subscriber can send a delete-
   subscription RPC, which takes as only input the subscription-id.  For
   example:

   <netconf:rpc message-id="103"
      xmlns:netconf="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0">
      <delete-subscription
            xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-yang-push:1.0">
         <subscription-id>
            1011
         </subscription-id>
      </delete-subscription>
   </netconf:rpc>

   <rpc-reply message-id="103"
      xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0">
      <subscription-result
         xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-yang-push:1.0">
            ok
      </subscription-result>
   </rpc-reply>

                      Figure 18: Delete subscription

   Configured subscriptions cannot be deleted via RPC, but have to be
   removed from the configuration.

4.4.4.  YANG Module Synchronization

   To make subscription requests, the subscriber needs to know the YANG
   module library available on the publisher.  The YANG 1.0 module
   library information is sent by a NETCONF server in the NETCONF
   'hello' message.  For YANG 1.1 modules and all modules used with the
   RESTCONF [RFC8040] protocol, this information is provided by the YANG
   Library module (ietf-yang-library.yang from [RFC7895].  The YANG

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   library information is important for the receiver to reproduce the
   set of object definitions used by the replicated datastore.

   The YANG library includes a module list with the name, revision,
   enabled features, and applied deviations for each YANG module
   implemented by the publisher.  The receiver is expected to know the
   YANG library information before starting a subscription.  The
   "/modules-state/module-set-id" leaf in the "ietf-yang-library" module
   can be used to cache the YANG library information.

   The set of modules, revisions, features, and deviations can change at
   run-time (if supported by the server implementation).  In this case,
   the receiver needs to be informed of module changes before data nodes
   from changed modules can be processed correctly.  The YANG library
   provides a simple "yang-library-change" notification that informs the
   client that the library has changed.  The receiver then needs to re-
   read the entire YANG library data for the replicated server in order
   to detect the specific YANG library changes.  The "ietf-netconf-
   notifications" module defined in [RFC6470] contains a "netconf-
   capability-change" notification that can identify specific module
   changes.  For example, the module URI capability of a newly loaded
   module will be listed in the "added-capability" leaf-list, and the
   module URI capability of an removed module will be listed in the
   "deleted-capability" leaf-list.

5.  YANG module

<CODE BEGINS>; file "ietf-yang-push@2017-06-26.yang"
module ietf-yang-push {
  yang-version 1.1;
  namespace "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-yang-push";
  prefix yp;

  import ietf-inet-types {
    prefix inet;
  }
  import ietf-yang-types {
    prefix yang;
  }
  import ietf-subscribed-notifications {
    prefix sn;
  }

  organization "IETF";
  contact
    "WG Web:   <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/netconf/>
     WG List:  <mailto:netconf@ietf.org>

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     WG Chair: Mahesh Jethanandani
               <mailto:mjethanandani@gmail.com>

     WG Chair: Mehmet Ersue
               <mailto:mehmet.ersue@nokia.com>

     Editor:   Alexander Clemm
               <mailto:ludwig@clemm.org>

     Editor:   Eric Voit
               <mailto:evoit@cisco.com>

     Editor:   Alberto Gonzalez Prieto
               <mailto:albertgo@cisco.com>

     Editor:   Ambika Prasad Tripathy
               <mailto:ambtripa@cisco.com>

     Editor:   Einar Nilsen-Nygaard
               <mailto:einarnn@cisco.com>

     Editor:   Andy Bierman
               <mailto:andy@yumaworks.com>

     Editor:   Balazs Lengyel
               <mailto:balazs.lengyel@ericsson.com>";

  description
    "This module contains conceptual YANG specifications
     for YANG push.";

  revision 2017-06-26 {
    description
      "Move to identities for filters, datastores.";
    reference
      "YANG Datastore Push, draft-ietf-netconf-yang-push-07";
  }

 /*
  * EXTENSIONS
  */

  extension notifiable-on-change {
    argument "value";
    description
      "Indicates whether changes to the data node are reportable in
      on-change subscriptions.

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      The statement MUST only be a substatement of the leaf, leaf-list,
      container, list, anyxml, anydata  statements. Zero or One
      notifiable-on-change statement is allowed per parent statement.
      NO substatements are allowed.

      The argument is a boolean value indicating whether on-change
      notifications are supported. If notifiable-on-change is not
      specified, the default is the same as the parent data node's
      value. For top level data nodes the default value is false.";
  }

 /*
  * FEATURES
  */

  feature on-change {
    description
      "This feature indicates that on-change updates are
       supported.";
  }

 /*
  * IDENTITIES
  */

  /* Error type identities for datastore subscription  */
  identity period-unsupported {
    base sn:error;
    description
      "Requested time period is too short. This can be for both
       periodic and on-change dampening.";
  }

  identity qos-unsupported {
    base sn:error;
    description
      "Subscription QoS parameters not supported on this platform.";
  }

  identity dscp-unavailable {
    base sn:error;
    description
      "Requested DSCP marking not allocatable.";
  }

  identity on-change-unsupported {
    base sn:error;
    description

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      "On-change not supported.";
  }

  identity synch-on-start-unsupported {
    base sn:error;
    description
      "On-change synch-on-start not supported.";
  }

  identity synch-on-start-datatree-size {
    base sn:error;
    description
      "Synch-on-start would push a datatree which exceeds size limit.";
  }

  identity reference-mismatch {
    base sn:error;
    description
      "Mismatch in filter key and referenced yang subtree.";
  }

  identity data-unavailable {
    base sn:error;
    description
      "Referenced yang node or subtree doesn't exist, or read
       access is not permitted.";
  }

  identity datatree-size {
    base sn:error;
    description
      "Resulting push updates would exceed size limit.";
  }

  /* Datastore identities */
  identity datastore {
    description
      "A datastore.";
  }
  identity candidate {
    base datastore;
    description
      "The candidate datastore per RFC-6241.";
    reference "RFC-6241, #5.1";
  }
  identity running {
    base datastore;
    description

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      "The running datastore per RFC-6241.";
    reference "RFC-6241, #5.1";
  }
  identity startup {
    base datastore;
    description
      "The startup datastore per RFC-6241.";
    reference "RFC-6241, #5.1";
  }
  identity operational {
    base datastore;
    description
      "The operational datastore contains all configuration data
      actually used by the system, including all applied configuration,
      system-provided configuration and values defined by any supported
      data models.  In addition, the operational datastore also
      contains state data.";
    reference
      "the original text came from draft-ietf-netmod-revised-datastores
      -01, section #4.3. This definition is expected to remain stable
      meaning later reconciliation between the drafts unnecessary.";
  }

  /*  New filter identities (adds to 'sn') */
  identity subtree {
    base sn:filter;
    description
      "A filter which follows the subtree filter syntax specified
      in RFC 6241.";
    reference "RFC 6241 section 6";
  }

  /*
   * TYPE DEFINITIONS
   */

  typedef change-type {
    type enumeration {
      enum "create" {
        description
          "Create a new data resource if it does not already exist.  If
          it already exists, replace.";
      }
      enum "delete" {
        description
          "Delete a data resource if it already exists. If it does not
          exists, take no action.";
      }

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      enum "insert" {
        description
          "Insert a new user-ordered data resource";
      }
      enum "merge" {
        description
          "merge the edit value with the target data resource; create
          if it does not already exist";
      }
      enum "move" {
        description
          "Reorder the target data resource";
      }
      enum "replace" {
        description
          "Replace the target data resource with the edit value";
      }
      enum "remove" {
        description
          "Remove a data resource if it already exists ";
      }
    }
    description
      "Specifies different types of datastore changes.";
    reference
      "RFC 8072 section 2.5, with a delta that it is ok to receive
      ability create on an existing node, or recieve a delete on a
      missing node.";
  }

  typedef datastore {
    type identityref {
      base datastore;
    }
    description
      "Specifies a system-provided datastore.  May also specify ability
      portion of a datastore, so as to reduce the filtering effort.";
  }

  /*
   * GROUP DEFINITIONS
   */

  grouping datastore-criteria {
    description
      "A reusable place to define the meaning of datastore.";
    leaf datastore {
      type datastore;

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      mandatory true;
      description
          "Datastore against which the subscription has been applied.";
    }
  }

  grouping update-policy-modifiable {
    description
      "This grouping describes the datastore specific subscription
       conditions that can be changed during the lifetime of the
       subscription.";
    choice update-trigger {
      description
        "Defines necessary conditions for sending an event to
         the subscriber.";
      case periodic {
        description
          "The agent is requested to notify periodically the current
           values of the datastore as defined by the filter.";
        leaf period {
          type yang:timeticks;
          mandatory true;
          description
            "Duration of time which should occur between periodic
             push updates.  Where the anchor of a start-time is
             available, the push will include the objects and their
             values which exist at an exact multiple of timeticks
             aligning to this start-time anchor.";
        }
        leaf anchor-time {
          type yang:date-and-time;
          description
            "Designates a timestamp from which the series of periodic
             push updates are computed. The next update will take place
             at the next period interval from the anchor time.  For
             example, for an anchor time at the top of a minute and a
             period interval of a minute, the next update will be sent
             at the top of the next minute.";
        }
      }
      case on-change {
        if-feature "on-change";
        description
          "The agent is requested to notify changes in values in the
           datastore subset as defined by a filter.";
        leaf dampening-period {
          type yang:timeticks;
          mandatory true;

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          description
            "The shortest time duration which is allowed between the
                        creation of independent yang object update messages.
                        Effectively this is the amount of time that needs to have
                        passed since the last update.";
        }
      }
    }
  }

  grouping update-policy {
    description
      "This grouping describes the datastore specific subscription
       conditions of a subscription.";
    uses update-policy-modifiable {
      augment "update-trigger/on-change" {
        description
          "Includes objects not modifiable once subscription is
           established.";
        leaf no-synch-on-start {
          type empty;
          description
            "This leaf acts as a flag that determines behavior at the
             start of the subscription.  When present, synchronization
             of state at the beginning of the subscription is outside
             the scope of the subscription. Only updates about changes
             that are observed from the start time, i.e. only push-
             change-update notifications are sent. When absent (default
             behavior), in order to facilitate a receiver's
             synchronization, a full update is sent when the
             subscription starts using a push-update notification, just
             like in the case of a periodic subscription.  After that,
             push-change-update notifications only are sent unless the
             Publisher chooses to resynch the subscription again.";
        }
        leaf-list excluded-change {
          type change-type;
          description
            "Use to restrict which changes trigger an update.
             For example, if modify is excluded, only creation and
             deletion of objects is reported.";
        }
      }
    }
  }

  grouping update-qos {
    description

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      "This grouping describes Quality of Service information
       concerning a subscription.  This information is passed to lower
       layers for transport prioritization and treatment";
    leaf dscp {
      type inet:dscp;
      default "0";
      description
        "The push update's IP packet transport priority. This is made
         visible across network hops to receiver. The transport
         priority is shared for all receivers of a given subscription.";
    }
    leaf weighting {
      type uint8 {
         range "0 .. 255";
      }
      description
        "Relative weighting for a subscription. Allows an underlying
         transport layer perform informed load balance allocations
         between various subscriptions";
      reference
        "RFC-7540, section 5.3.2";
    }
    leaf dependency {
      type sn:subscription-id;
      description
        "Provides the Subscription ID of a parent subscription which
         has absolute priority should that parent have push updates
         ready to egress the publisher. In other words, there should be
         no streaming of objects from the current subscription if of
         the parent has something ready to push.";
      reference
        "RFC-7540, section 5.3.1";
    }
  }

  grouping update-error-hints {
    description
      "Allow return additional negotiation hints that apply
       specifically to push updates.";
    leaf period-hint {
      type yang:timeticks;
      description
        "Returned when the requested time period is too short. This
         hint can assert an viable period for both periodic push
         cadence and on-change dampening.";
    }
    leaf error-path {
      type string;

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      description
        "Reference to a YANG path which is associated with the error
         being returned.";
    }
    leaf object-count-estimate {
      type uint32;
      description
        "If there are too many objects which could potentially be
         returned by the filter, this identifies the estimate of the
         number of objects which the filter would potentially pass.";
    }
    leaf object-count-limit {
      type uint32;
      description
        "If there are too many objects which could be returned by the
         filter, this identifies the upper limit of the publisher's
         ability to service for this subscription.";
    }
    leaf kilobytes-estimate {
      type uint32;
      description
        "If the returned information could be beyond the capacity of
         the publisher, this would identify the data size which could
         result from this filter.";
    }
    leaf kilobytes-limit {
      type uint32;
      description
        "If the returned information would be beyond the capacity of
         the publisher, this identifies the upper limit of the
         publisher's ability to service for this subscription.";
    }
  }

  /*
   * DATA NODES
   */

  augment "/sn:establish-subscription/sn:input" {
    description
      "This augmentation adds additional subscription parameters that
      apply specifically to datastore updates to RPC input.";
    uses update-policy;
    uses update-qos;
  }
  augment "/sn:establish-subscription/sn:input/sn:target" {
    description
      "This augmentation adds the datastore as a valid parameter object

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      for the subscription to RPC input.  This provides a target for
      the filter.";
    case datastore {
       uses datastore-criteria;
    }
  }
  augment "/sn:establish-subscription/sn:output/"+
    "sn:result/sn:no-success" {
    description
      "This augmentation adds datastore specific error info
      and hints to RPC output.";
    uses update-error-hints;
  }
  augment "/sn:modify-subscription/sn:input" {
    description
      "This augmentation adds additional subscription parameters
       specific to datastore updates.";
    uses update-policy-modifiable;
  }
  augment "/sn:modify-subscription/sn:output/"+
    "sn:result/sn:no-success" {
    description
      "This augmentation adds push datastore error info and hints to
      RPC output.";
    uses update-error-hints;
  }

  notification push-update {
    description
      "This notification contains a push update, containing data
       subscribed to via a subscription. This notification is sent for
       periodic updates, for a periodic subscription.  It can also be
       used for synchronization updates of an on-change subscription.
       This notification shall only be sent to receivers of a
       subscription; it does not constitute a general-purpose
       notification.";
    leaf subscription-id {
      type sn:subscription-id;
      mandatory true;
      description
        "This references the subscription because of which the
         notification is sent.";
    }
    leaf time-of-update {
      type yang:date-and-time;
      description
        "This leaf contains the time of the update.";
    }

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    leaf updates-not-sent {
      type empty;
      description
        "This is a flag which indicates that not all data nodes
         subscribed to are included with this update. In other words,
         the publisher has failed to fulfill its full subscription
         obligations. This may lead to intermittent loss of
         synchronization of data at the client.  Synchronization at the
         client can occur when the next push-update is received.";
    }
    anydata datastore-contents {
      description
        "This contains the updated data.  It constitutes a snapshot
         at the time-of-update of the set of data that has been
         subscribed to.  The format and syntax of the data
         corresponds to the format and syntax of data that would be
         returned in a corresponding get operation with the same
         filter parameters applied.";
    }
  }
  notification push-change-update {
    if-feature "on-change";
    description
      "This notification contains an on-change push update. This
       notification shall only be sent to the receivers of a
       subscription; it does not constitute a general-purpose
       notification.";
    leaf subscription-id {
      type sn:subscription-id;
      mandatory true;
      description
        "This references the subscription because of which the
         notification is sent.";
    }
    leaf time-of-update {
      type yang:date-and-time;
      description
        "This leaf contains the time of the update, i.e. the time at
         which the change was observed.";
    }
    leaf updates-not-sent {
      type empty;
      description
        "This is a flag which indicates that not all changes which
         have occurred since the last update are included with this
         update.  In other words, the publisher has failed to
         fulfill its full subscription obligations, for example in
         cases where it was not able to keep up with a change burst.

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         To facilitate synchronization, a publisher may subsequently
         send a push-update containing a full snapshot of subscribed
         data. Such a push-update might also be triggered by a
         subscriber requesting an on-demand synchronization.";
    }
    anydata datastore-changes {
      description
        "This contains datastore contents that has changed since the
         previous update, per the terms of the subscription.  Changes
         are encoded analogous to the syntax of a corresponding yang-
         patch operation, i.e. a yang-patch operation applied to the
         YANG datastore implied by the previous update to result in the
         current state (and assuming yang-patch could also be applied
         to operational data).";
    }
  }

  augment "/sn:subscription-started" {
    description
      "This augmentation adds many yang datastore specific objects to
       the notification that a subscription has started.";
    uses update-policy;
    uses update-qos;
  }
  augment "/sn:subscription-started/sn:target" {
    description
      "This augmentation allows the datastore to be included as part
      of the notification that a subscription has started.";
    case datastore {
       uses datastore-criteria;
    }
  }
  augment "/sn:subscription-modified" {
    description
      "This augmentation adds many yang datastore specific objects to
       the notification that a subscription has been modified.";
    uses update-policy;
    uses update-qos;
  }

  augment "/sn:subscription-config/sn:subscription" {
    description
      "This augmentation adds many yang datastore specific objects
      which can be configured as opposed to established via RPC.";
    uses update-policy;
    uses update-qos;
  }
  augment "/sn:subscription-config/sn:subscription/sn:target" {

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    description
      "This augmentation adds the datastore to the filtering
      criteria for a subscription.";
    case datastore {
       uses datastore-criteria;
    }
  }
  augment "/sn:subscriptions/sn:subscription" {
    yp:notifiable-on-change true;
    description
      "This augmentation adds many datastore specific objects to a
       subscription.";
    uses update-policy;
    uses update-qos;
  }
  augment "/sn:subscriptions/sn:subscription/sn:target" {
    description
      "This augmentation allows the datastore to be displayed as part
      of the filtering criteria for a subscription.";
    case datastore {
       uses datastore-criteria;
    }
  }
/* YANG Parser Pyang crashing below, due to fixed bug
         https://github.com/mbj4668/pyang/issues/300

  deviation "/sn:subscriptions/sn:subscription/sn:receivers/"
             + "sn:receiver/sn:pushed-notifications" {
    deviate add {
      yp:notifiable-on-change false;
    }
  }
  deviation "/sn:subscriptions/sn:subscription/sn:receivers/"
             + "sn:receiver/sn:excluded-notifications" {
    deviate add {
      yp:notifiable-on-change false;
    }
  }
YANG Parser Pyang crashing on the following syntax above */
}
<CODE ENDS>

6.  IANA Considerations

   This document registers the following namespace URI in the "IETF XML
   Registry" [RFC3688]:

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   URI: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-yang-push
   Registrant Contact: The IESG.
   XML: N/A; the requested URI is an XML namespace.

   This document registers the following YANG module in the "YANG Module
   Names" registry [RFC6020]:

   Name: ietf-yang-push
   Namespace: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-yang-push
   Prefix: yp
   Reference: draft-ietf-netconf-yang-push-07.txt (RFC form)

7.  Security Considerations

   All security considerations from [subscribe] are relevant for
   datastores.  In addition there are specific security considerations
   for receviers defined in Section 3.9

   If the access control permissions on subscribed YANG nodes change
   during the lifecycle of a subscription, a publisher MUST either
   transparently conform to the new access control permissions, or must
   terminate or restart the subscriptions so that new access control
   permissions are re-established.

   The NETCONF Authorization Control Model SHOULD be used to restrict
   the delivery of YANG nodes for which the receiver has no access.

8.  Acknowledgments

   For their valuable comments, discussions, and feedback, we wish to
   acknowledge Tim Jenkins, Kent Watsen, Susan Hares, Yang Geng, Peipei
   Guo, Michael Scharf, Sharon Chisholm, and Guangying Zheng.

9.  References

9.1.  Normative References

   [RFC3688]  Mealling, M., "The IETF XML Registry", BCP 81, RFC 3688,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC3688, January 2004,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3688>.

   [RFC6020]  Bjorklund, M., Ed., "YANG - A Data Modeling Language for
              the Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF)", RFC 6020,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC6020, October 2010,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6020>.

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   [RFC6470]  Bierman, A., "Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF)
              Base Notifications", RFC 6470, DOI 10.17487/RFC6470,
              February 2012, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6470>.

   [RFC6536bis]
              Bierman, A. and M. Bjorklund, "Network Configuration
              Protocol (NETCONF) Access Control Model", draft-ietf-
              netconf-rfc6536bis-01 (work in progress), March 2017.

   [RFC7895]  Bierman, A., Bjorklund, M., and K. Watsen, "YANG Module
              Library", RFC 7895, DOI 10.17487/RFC7895, June 2016,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7895>.

   [RFC7950]  Bjorklund, M., Ed., "The YANG 1.1 Data Modeling Language",
              RFC 7950, DOI 10.17487/RFC7950, August 2016,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7950>.

   [RFC7951]  Lhotka, L., "JSON Encoding of Data Modeled with YANG",
              RFC 7951, DOI 10.17487/RFC7951, August 2016,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7951>.

   [RFC8072]  Bierman, A., Bjorklund, M., and K. Watsen, "YANG Patch
              Media Type", RFC 8072, DOI 10.17487/RFC8072, February
              2017, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8072>.

   [subscribe]
              Voit, E., Clemm, A., Gonzalez Prieto, A., Tripathy, A.,
              and E. Nilsen-Nygaard, "Custom Subscription to Event
              Notifications", draft-ietf-netconf-subscribed-
              notifications-01 (work in progress), April 2017.

9.2.  Informative References

   [http-notif]
              Voit, E., Gonzalez Prieto, A., Tripathy, A., Nilsen-
              Nygaard, E., Clemm, A., and A. Bierman, "Restconf and HTTP
              Transport for Event Notifications", March 2017.

   [netconf-notif]
              Gonzalez Prieto, A., Clemm, A., Voit, E., Tripathy, A.,
              Nilsen-Nygaard, E., Chisholm, S., and H. Trevino, "NETCONF
              Support for Event Notifications", October 2016.

   [notifications2]
              Voit, E., Bierman, A., Clemm, A., and T. Jenkins, "YANG
              Notification Headers and Bundles", April 2017.

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   [RFC6241]  Enns, R., Ed., Bjorklund, M., Ed., Schoenwaelder, J., Ed.,
              and A. Bierman, Ed., "Network Configuration Protocol
              (NETCONF)", RFC 6241, DOI 10.17487/RFC6241, June 2011,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6241>.

   [RFC7223]  Bjorklund, M., "A YANG Data Model for Interface
              Management", RFC 7223, DOI 10.17487/RFC7223, May 2014,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7223>.

   [RFC7923]  Voit, E., Clemm, A., and A. Gonzalez Prieto, "Requirements
              for Subscription to YANG Datastores", RFC 7923,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC7923, June 2016,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7923>.

   [RFC8040]  Bierman, A., Bjorklund, M., and K. Watsen, "RESTCONF
              Protocol", RFC 8040, DOI 10.17487/RFC8040, January 2017,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8040>.

Appendix A.  Relationships to other drafts

   There are other related drafts which are progressing in the NETCONF
   WG.  This section details the relationship of this draft to those
   others.

A.1.  ietf-netconf-subscribed-notifications

   The draft [subscribe] is the techical foundation around which the
   rest of the YANG push datastore specific mechanisms are layered.

A.2.  ietf-netconf-netconf-event-notif

   The [netconf-notif] draft supports yang-push by defining NETCONF
   transport specifics.  Included are:

   o  bindings for RPC communications and Event Notifications over
      NETCONF.

   o  encoded examples

A.3.  ietf-netconf-restconf-notif

   The [http-notif] draft supports yang-push by defining transport
   specific guidance where some form of HTTP is used underneath.
   Included are:

   o  bindings for RPC communications over RESTCONF

   o  bindings for Event Notifications over HTTP2 and HTTP1.1

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   o  encoded examples

   o  end-to-end deployment guidance for Call Home and TLS Heartbeat

A.4.  voit-notifications2

   The draft [notifications2] is not required to implement yang-push.
   Instead it defines data plane notification elements which improve the
   delivered experience.  The following capabilities are specified:

   o  Defines common encapsulation headers objects to support
      functionality such as event severity, message signing, message
      loss discovery, message de-duplication, originating process
      identification.

   o  Defines how to bundle multiple event records into a single
      notification message.

   These capabilities would be delivered by adding the drafts newly
   proposed header objects to the push-update and push-change-update
   notifications defined here.  This draft is not yet adopted by the
   NETCONF WG.

Appendix B.  Technologies to be considered for future iterations

B.1.  Proxy YANG Subscription when the Subscriber and Receiver are
      different

   The properties of Dynamic and Configured Subscriptions can be
   combined to enable deployment models where the Subscriber and
   Receiver are different.  Such separation can be useful with some
   combination of:

   o  An operator does not want the subscription to be dependent on the
      maintenance of transport level keep-alives.  (Transport
      independence provides different scalability characteristics.)

   o  There is not a transport session binding, and a transient
      Subscription needs to survive in an environment where there is
      unreliable connectivity with the Receiver and/or Subscriber.

   o  An operator wants the Publisher to include highly restrictive
      capacity management and Subscription security mechanisms outside
      of domain of existing operational or programmatic interfaces.

   To build a Proxy Subscription, first the necessary information must
   be signaled as part of the <establish-subscription>.  Using this set

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   of Subscriber provided information; the same process described within
   section 3 will be followed.

   After a successful establishment, if the Subscriber wishes to track
   the state of Receiver subscriptions, it may choose to place a
   separate on-change Subscription into the "Subscriptions" subtree of
   the YANG Datastore on the Publisher.

B.2.  OpState and Filters

   Currently there are ongoing discussions to revise the concept of
   datastores, allowing for proper handling and distinction of intended
   versus applied configurations and extending the notion of a datastore
   to operational data.  When finalized, the new concept may open up the
   possibility for new types of subscription filters, for example,
   targeting specific datastores and targeting (potentially) differences
   in datatrees across different datastores.

   Likewise, it is conceivable that filters are defined that apply to
   metadata, such as data nodes for which metadata has been defined that
   meets a certain criteria.

   Defining any such subscription filters at this point would be highly
   speculative in nature.  However, it should be noted that
   corresponding extensions may be defined in future specifications.
   Any such extensions will be straightforward to accommodate by
   introducing a model that defines new filter types, and augmenting the
   new filter type into the subscription model.

B.3.  Splitting push updates

   Push updates may become fairly large and extend across multiple
   subsystems in a YANG-Push Server.  As a result, it conceivable to not
   combine all updates into a single update message, but to split
   updates into multiple separate update messages.  Such splitting could
   occur along multiple criteria: limiting the number of data nodes
   contained in a single update, grouping updates by subtree, grouping
   updates by internal subsystems (e.g., by line card), or grouping them
   by other criteria.

   Splitting updates bears some resemblance to fragmenting packets.  In
   effect, it can be seen as fragmenting update messages at an
   application level.  However, from a transport perspective, splitting
   of update messages is not required as long as the transport does not
   impose a size limitation or provides its own fragmentation mechanism
   if needed.  We assume this to be the case for YANG-Push.  In the case
   of NETCONF, RESTCONF, HTTP/2, no limit on message size is imposed.

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   In case of other transports, any message size limitations need to be
   handled by the corresponding transport mapping.

   There may be some scenarios in which splitting updates might still
   make sense.  For example, if updates are collected from multiple
   independent subsystems, those updates could be sent separately
   without need for combining.  However, if updates were to be split,
   other issues arise.  Examples include indicating the number of
   updates to the receiver, distinguishing a missed fragment from a
   missed update, and the ordering with which updates are received.
   Proper addressing those issues would result in considerable
   complexity, while resulting in only very limited gains.  In addition,
   if a subscription is found to result in updates that are too large, a
   publisher can always reject the request for a subscription while the
   subscriber is always free to break a subscription up into multiple
   subscriptions.

B.4.  Potential Subscription Parameters

   A possible is the introduction of an additional parameter "changes-
   only" for periodic subscription.  Including this flag would results
   in sending at the end of each period an update containing only
   changes since the last update (i.e. a change-update as in the case of
   an on-change subscription), not a full snapshot of the subscribed
   information.  Such an option might be interesting in case of data
   that is largely static and bandwidth-constrained environments.

Appendix C.  Issues that are currently being worked and resolved

   (To be removed by RFC editor prior to publication)

   Issue #6: Data plane notifications and layered headers.  Specifically
   how do we want to enable standard header unification and bundle
   support vs. the data plane notifications currently defined.

Appendix D.  Changes between revisions

   (To be removed by RFC editor prior to publication)

   v06 - v07

   o  Clarifying text tweaks.

   o  Clarification that filters act as selectors for subscribed data
      nodes; support for value filters not included but possible as a
      future extension

   o  Filters don't have to be matched to existing YANG objects

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   v05 - v06

   o  Security considerations updated.

   o  Base YANG model in [sn] updated as part of move to identities,
      YANG augmentations in this doc matched up

   o  Terms refined and text updates throughout

   o  Appendix talking about relationship to other drafts added.

   o  Datastore replaces stream

   o  Definitions of filters improved

   v04 to v05

   o  Referenced based subscription document changed to Subscribed
      Notifications from 5277bis.

   o  Getting operational data from filters

   o  Extension notifiable-on-change added

   o  New appendix on potential futures.  Moved text into there from
      several drafts.

   o  Subscription configuration section now just includes changed
      parameters from Subscribed Notifications

   o  Subscription monitoring moved into Subscribed Notifications

   o  New error and hint mechanisms included in text and in the yang
      model.

   o  Updated examples based on the error definitions

   o  Groupings updated for consistency

   o  Text updates throughout

   v03 to v04

   o  Updates-not-sent flag added

   o  Not notifiable extension added

   o  Dampening period is for whole subscription, not single objects

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   o  Moved start/stop into rfc5277bis

   o  Client and Server changed to subscriber, publisher, and receiver

   o  Anchor time for periodic

   o  Message format for synchronization (i.e. synch-on-start)

   o  Material moved into 5277bis

   o  QoS parameters supported, by not allowed to be modified by RPC

   o  Text updates throughout

Authors' Addresses

   Alexander Clemm
   Huawei

   Email: ludwig@clemm.org

   Eric Voit
   Cisco Systems

   Email: evoit@cisco.com

   Alberto Gonzalez Prieto

   Email: albert.gonzalezprieto@yahoo.com

   Ambika Prasad Tripathy
   Cisco Systems

   Email: ambtripa@cisco.com

   Einar Nilsen-Nygaard
   Cisco Systems

   Email: einarnn@cisco.com

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   Andy Bierman
   YumaWorks

   Email: andy@yumaworks.com

   Balazs Lengyel
   Ericsson

   Email: balazs.lengyel@ericsson.com

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