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YANG Datastore Subscription
draft-ietf-netconf-yang-push-13

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Document Type
This is an older version of an Internet-Draft that was ultimately published as RFC 8641.
Authors Alexander Clemm , Eric Voit , Alberto Gonzalez Prieto , Ambika Tripathy , Einar Nilsen-Nygaard , Andy Bierman , Balázs Lengyel
Last updated 2018-02-05 (Latest revision 2017-12-22)
Replaces draft-clemm-netconf-yang-push
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draft-ietf-netconf-yang-push-13
NETCONF                                                         A. Clemm
Internet-Draft                                                    Huawei
Intended status: Standards Track                                 E. Voit
Expires: August 6, 2018                                    Cisco Systems
                                                      A. Gonzalez Prieto
                                                                  VMware
                                                             A. Tripathy
                                                       E. Nilsen-Nygaard
                                                           Cisco Systems
                                                              A. Bierman
                                                               YumaWorks
                                                              B. Lengyel
                                                                Ericsson
                                                       February 02, 2018

                      YANG Datastore Subscription
                    draft-ietf-netconf-yang-push-13

Abstract

   Via the mechanism described in this document, subscriber applications
   may request a continuous, customized stream of updates from a YANG
   datastore.  Providing such visibility into changes made upon YANG
   configuration and operational objects enables new capabilities based
   on the remote mirroring of configuration and operational state.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on August 6, 2018.

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Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2018 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
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   This document may contain material from IETF Documents or IETF
   Contributions published or made publicly available before November
   10, 2008.  The person(s) controlling the copyright in some of this
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   Without obtaining an adequate license from the person(s) controlling
   the copyright in such materials, this document may not be modified
   outside the IETF Standards Process, and derivative works of it may
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   it for publication as an RFC or to translate it into languages other
   than English.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   2.  Definitions and Acronyms  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
   3.  Solution Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     3.1.  Subscription Model  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
     3.2.  Negotiation of Subscription Policies  . . . . . . . . . .   6
     3.3.  On-Change Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     3.4.  Promise-Theory Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     3.5.  Data Encodings  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     3.6.  Datastore Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
     3.7.  Streaming Updates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
     3.8.  Subscription Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
     3.9.  Receiver Authorization  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
     3.10. On-change Notifiable YANG objects . . . . . . . . . . . .  16
     3.11. Other Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  16
   4.  A YANG data model for management of datastore push
       subscriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  17
     4.1.  Overview  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  17
     4.2.  Subscription configuration  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  25
     4.3.  YANG Notifications  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  26

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     4.4.  YANG RPCs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  26
   5.  YANG module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  32
   6.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  48
   7.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  49
   8.  Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  49
   9.  References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  49
     9.1.  Normative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  49
     9.2.  Informative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  50
   Appendix A.  Appendix A: Subscription Errors  . . . . . . . . . .  51
     A.1.  RPC Failures  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  51
     A.2.  Notifications of Failure  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  52
   Appendix B.  Changes between revisions  . . . . . . . . . . . . .  52
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  55

1.  Introduction

   Traditional approaches to remote visibility have been built on
   polling.  With polling, data is periodically requested and retrieved
   by a client from a server to stay up-to-date.  However, there are
   issues associated with polling-based management:

   o  Polling incurs significant latency.  This latency prohibits many
      application types.

   o  Polling cycles may be missed, requests may be delayed or get lost,
      often when the network is under stress and the need for the data
      is the greatest.

   o  Polling requests may undergo slight fluctuations, resulting in
      intervals of different lengths.  The resulting data is difficult
      to calibrate and compare.

   o  For applications that monitor for changes, many remote polling
      cycles place ultimately fruitless load on the network, devices,
      and applications.

   A more effective alternative to polling is for an application to
   receive automatic and continuous updates from a targeted subset of a
   datastore.  Accordingly, there is a need for a service that allows
   applications to subscribe to updates from a datastore and that
   enables the publisher to push and in effect stream those updates.
   The requirements for such a service have been documented in
   [RFC7923].

   This document defines a corresponding solution that is built on top
   of "Custom Subscription to Event Streams"
   [I-D.draft-ietf-netconf-subscribed-notifications].  Supplementing
   that work are YANG data model augmentations, extended RPCs, and new

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   datastore specific update notifications.  Transport options for
   [I-D.draft-ietf-netconf-subscribed-notifications] will work
   seamlessly with this solution.

2.  Definitions and Acronyms

   The terms below supplement those defined in
   [I-D.draft-ietf-netconf-subscribed-notifications].  In addition, the
   term "datastore" is defined in
   [I-D.draft-ietf-netmod-revised-datastores].

   Datastore node: An instance of management information in a datastore.
   Also known as "object".

   Datastore node update: A data item containing the current value/
   property of a datastore node at the time the datastore node update
   was created.

   Datastore subtree: An instantiated datastore node and the datastore
   nodes that are hierarchically contained within it.

   Update record: A representation datastore node update(s) resulting
   from the application of a selection filter for a subscription.  An
   update record will include the value/property of one or more
   datastore nodes at a point in time.  It may contain the update type
   for each datastore node (e.g., add, change, delete).  Also included
   may be metadata/headers such as a subscription identifier.

   Selection filter: Evaluation and/or selection criteria, which may be
   applied against a targeted set of objects.

   Update trigger: A mechanism that determines when an update record
   needs to be generated.

   YANG-Push: The subscription and push mechanism for datastore updates
   that is specified in this document.

3.  Solution Overview

   This document specifies a solution for a push update subscription
   service.  This solution supports dynamic as well as configured
   subscriptions to information updates from datastores.  Subscriptions
   specify when notification messages should be sent and what data to
   include in update records.  YANG objects are subsequently pushed from
   the publisher to the receiver per the terms of the subscription.

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3.1.  Subscription Model

   YANG-push subscriptions are defined using a data model that is itself
   defined in YANG.  This model enhances the subscription model defined
   in [I-D.draft-ietf-netconf-subscribed-notifications] with
   capabilities that allow subscribers to subscribe to datastore node
   updates, specifically to specify the triggers defining when to
   generate update records as well as what to include in an update
   record.  Key enhancements include:

   o  Specification of selection filters which identify targeted YANG
      datastore nodes and/or subtrees within a datastore for which
      updates are to be pushed.

   o  An encoding (using anydata) for the contents of periodic and on-
      change push updates.

   o  Specification of update policies contain conditions which trigger
      the generation and pushing of new update records.  There are two
      types of triggers for subscriptions: periodic and on-change.

      *  For periodic subscriptions, the trigger is specified by two
         parameters that define when updates are to be pushed.  These
         parameters are the period interval with which to report
         updates, and an anchor time which can be used to calculate at
         which point in time updates need to be assembled and sent.

      *  For on-change subscriptions, a trigger occurs whenever a change
         in the subscribed information is detected.  Included are
         additional parameters such as:

         +  Dampening period: In an on-change subscription, detected
            object changes should be sent as quickly as possible.
            However it may be undesirable to send a rapid series of
            object changes.  Such behavior has the potential to exhaust
            of resources in the publisher or receiver.  In order to
            protect against that, a dampening period MAY be used to
            specify the interval which must pass before successive
            update records for the same subscription are generated for a
            receiver.  The dampening period collectively applies to the
            set of all datastore nodes selected by a single subscription
            and sent to a single receiver.  This means that when there
            is a change to one or more subscribed objects, an update
            record containing those objects is created either
            immediately when no dampening period is in effect, or at the
            end of a dampening period.  If multiple changes to a single
            object occur during a dampening period, only the value that
            is in effect at the time the update record is created is

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            included.  The dampening period goes into effect every time
            an update record completes assembly.

         +  Change type: This parameter can be used to reduce the types
            of datastore changes for which updates are sent (e.g., you
            might only send when an object is created or deleted, but
            not when an object value changes).

         +  No Synch on start: defines whether or not a complete push-
            update of all subscribed data will be sent at the beginning
            of a subscription.  Such early synchronization establishes
            the frame of reference for subsequent updates.

3.2.  Negotiation of Subscription Policies

   A dynamic subscription request SHOULD be declined if a publisher's
   assessment is that it may be unable to provide update records meeting
   the terms of an "establish-subscription" or "modify-subscription" rpc
   request.  In this case, a subscriber may quickly follow up with a new
   rpc request using different parameters.

   Random guessing at different parameters by a subscriber is to be
   discouraged.  Therefore, in order to minimize the number of
   subscription iterations between subscriber and publisher, dynamic
   subscription supports a simple negotiation between subscribers and
   publishers for subscription parameters.  This negotiation is in the
   form of supplemental information which may be inserted within error
   responses to a failed rpc request.  This returned error response
   information, when considered, should increase the likelihood of
   success for subsequent rpc requests.  Such hints include suggested
   periodic time intervals, acceptable dampening periods, and size
   estimates for the number or objects which would be returned from a
   proposed selection filter.  However, there are no guarantees that
   subsequent requests which consider these hints will be accepted.

3.3.  On-Change Considerations

   On-change subscriptions allow subscribers to receive updates whenever
   changes to targeted objects occur.  As such, on-change subscriptions
   are particularly effective for data that changes infrequently, yet
   for which applications need to be quickly notified whenever a change
   does occur with minimal delay.

   On-change subscriptions tend to be more difficult to implement than
   periodic subscriptions.  Accordingly, on-change subscriptions may not
   be supported by all implementations or for every object.

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   Whether or not to accept or reject on-change subscription requests
   when the scope of the subscription contains objects for which on-
   change is not supported is up to the publisher implementation.  A
   publisher MAY accept an on-change subscription even when the scope of
   the subscription contains objects for which on-change is not
   supported.  In that case, updates are sent only for those objects
   within the scope that do support on-change updates whereas other
   objects are excluded from update records, whether or not their values
   actually change.  In order for a subscriber to determine whether
   objects support on-change subscriptions, objects are marked
   accordingly on a publisher.  Accordingly, when subscribing, it is the
   responsibility of the subscriber to ensure it is aware of which
   objects support on-change and which do not.  For more on how objects
   are so marked, see Section 3.10.

   Alternatively, a publisher MAY decide to simply reject an on-change
   subscription in case the scope of the subscription contains objects
   for which on-change is not supported.  In case of a configured
   subscription, the subscription MAY be suspended.

   To avoid flooding receivers with repeated updates for subscriptions
   containing fast-changing objects, or objects with oscillating values,
   an on-change subscription allows for the definition of a dampening
   period.  Once an update record for a given object is generated, no
   other updates for this particular subscription will be created until
   the end of the dampening period.  Values sent at the end of the
   dampening period are the current values of all changed objects which
   are current at the time the dampening period expires.  Changed
   objects include those which were deleted or newly created during that
   dampening period.  If an object has returned to its original value
   (or even has been created and then deleted) during the dampening-
   period, the last change will still be sent.  This will indicate churn
   is occurring on that object.

   On-change subscriptions can be refined to let users subscribe only to
   certain types of changes.  For example, a subscriber might only want
   object creations and deletions, but not modifications of object
   values.

   Putting it all together, following is the conceptual process for
   creating an push-change-update notification:

   1.  Just before a change, or at the start of a dampening period,
       evaluate any filtering and any access control rules.  The result
       is a set "A" of datastore nodes and subtrees.

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   2.  Just after a change, or at the end of a dampening period,
       evaluate any filtering and any (possibly new) access control
       rules.  The result is a set "B" of datastore nodes and subtrees.

   3.  Construct a YANG patch record for going from A to B.  If the
       record is non-empty, send it to the receiver.

   Note: In cases where a subscriber wants to have separate dampening
   periods for different objects, multiple subscriptions with different
   objects in a selection filter can be created.

3.4.  Promise-Theory Considerations

   A subscription to updates from a datastore is intended to obviate the
   need for polling.  However, in order to do so, it is critical that
   subscribers can rely on the subscription and have confidence that
   they will indeed receive the subscribed updates without having to
   worry updates being silently dropped.  In other words, a subscription
   constitutes a promise on the side of the publisher to provide the
   receivers with updates per the terms of the subscription.

   Now, there are many reasons why a publisher may at some point no
   longer be able to fulfill the terms of the subscription, even if the
   subscription had been entered into with good faith.  For example, the
   volume of data objects may be larger than anticipated, the interval
   may prove too short to send full updates in rapid succession, or an
   internal problem may prevent objects from being collected.  If for
   some reason the publisher of a subscription is not able to keep its
   promise, receivers MUST be notified immediately and reliably.  The
   publisher MAY also suspend the subscription.

   A publisher SHOULD reject a request for a subscription if it is
   unlikely that the publisher will be able fulfill the terms of that
   subscription request.  In such cases, it is preferable to have a
   subscriber request a less resource intensive subscription than to
   deal with frequently degraded behavior.

3.5.  Data Encodings

3.5.1.  Periodic Subscriptions

   In a periodic subscription, the data included as part of an update
   corresponds to data that could have been read using a retrieval
   operation.

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3.5.2.  On-Change Subscriptions

   In an on-change subscription, updates need to indicate not only
   values of changed datastore nodes but also the types of changes that
   occurred since the last update.  Therefore encoding rules for data in
   on-change updates will generally follow YANG-patch operation as
   specified in [RFC8072].  The YANG-patch will describe what needs to
   be applied to the earlier state reported by the preceding update, to
   result in the now-current state.  Note that contrary to [RFC8072],
   objects encapsulated are not restricted to configuration objects
   only.

   However a patch must be able to do more than just describe the delta
   from the previous state to the current state.  As per Section 3.3, it
   must also be able to identify if transient changes have occurred on
   an object during a dampening period.  To support this, it is valid to
   encode a YANG patch operation so that its application would result in
   a no change between the previous and current state.  This indicates
   that some churn has occurred on the object.  An example of this would
   be a patch that does a "create" operation for a datastore node where
   the receiver believes one already exists, or a "merge" operation
   which replaces a previous value with the same value.  Note that this
   means that the "create" and "delete" errors described in [RFC8072]
   section 2.5 are not errors, and are valid operations with YANG push.

3.6.  Datastore Selection

   A subscription must specify both the selection filters and the
   datastore against which these selection filters will be applied.
   This information is used to choose and subsequently push data from
   the publisher's datastore to the receivers.

   Only a single selection filter can be applied to a subscription at a
   time.  An rpc request proposing a new selection filter MUST remove
   any existing filter.  The following selection filter types are
   included in the yang-push data model, and may be applied against a
   datastore:

   o  subtree: A subtree selection filter identifies one or more
      datastore subtrees.  When specified, update records will only come
      from the datastore nodes of selected datastore subtree(s).  The
      syntax and semantics correspond to that specified for [RFC6241]
      section 6.

   o  xpath: An xpath selection filter is an XPath expression that
      returns a node set.  When specified, updates will only come from
      the selected data nodes.

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   These filters are intended to be used as selectors that define which
   objects are within the scope of a subscription.  A publisher MUST
   support at least one type of selection filter.

   Selection filters are not intended to be used for property value
   filtering for non-key objects.  Supporting non-key property value
   filtering would have a number of implications that would result in
   significant complexity, specifically in the case of on-change
   subscriptions.  While it is possible to define extensions in the
   future that will support selection filtering based on values, this is
   not supported in this version of yang-push and a publisher MAY reject
   a subscription request that contains a filter for object values.

   Xpath itself provides powerful filtering constructs and care must be
   used in filter definition.  As an example, consider an xpath filter
   with a boolean result; such a result will not provide an easily
   interpretable subset of a datastore.  Beyond the boolean example, it
   is quite possible to define an xpath filter where results are easy
   for an application to mis-interpret.  Consider an xpath filter which
   only passes a datastore object when an interface is up.  It is up to
   the receiver to understand implications of the presence or absence of
   objects in each update.

   When the set of selection filtering criteria is applied for periodic
   subscription, all selected datastore nodes to which a receiver has
   access are provided to a receiver.  If the same filtering criteria is
   applied to an on-change subscription, only the subset of those
   datastore nodes supporting on-change is provided.  A datastore node
   which doesn't support on-change is never sent as part of an on-change
   subscription's "push-update" or "push-change-update".

3.7.  Streaming Updates

   Contrary to traditional data retrieval requests, datastore
   subscription enables an unbounded series of update records to be
   streamed over time.  Two generic YANG notifications for update
   records have been defined for this: "push-update" and "push-change-
   update".

   A "push-update" notification defines a complete, filtered update of
   the datastore per the terms of a subscription.  This type of YANG
   notification is used for continuous updates of periodic
   subscriptions.  A "push-update" notification can also be used for the
   on-change subscriptions in two cases.  First it will be used as the
   initial "push-update" if there is a need to synchronize the receiver
   at the start of a new subscription.  It also MAY be sent if the
   publisher later chooses to resynch an on-change subscription.  The
   "push-update" update record contains a data snippet that contains an

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   instantiated datastore subtree with all of the subscribed contents.
   The content of the update record is equivalent to the contents that
   would be obtained had the same data been explicitly retrieved using
   e.g., a NETCONF "get" operation, with the same filters applied.

   A "push-change-update" notification is the most common type of update
   for on-change subscriptions.  The update record in this case contains
   a data snippet that indicates the set of changes that datastore nodes
   have undergone since the last notification message.  In other words,
   this indicates which datastore nodes have been created, deleted, or
   have had changes to their values.  In cases where multiple changes
   have occurred and the object has not been deleted, the object's most
   current value is reported.  (In other words, for each object, only
   one change is reported, not its entire history.  Doing so would
   defeat the purpose of the dampening period.)

   These new "push-update" or "push-change-update" are encoded and
   placed within notification messages, and ultimately queued for egress
   over the specified transport.

   The following is an example of a notification message for a
   subscription tracking the operational status of a single Ethernet
   port (per [RFC7223]).  This notification message is encoded XML over
   NETCONF as per [I-D.draft-ietf-netconf-netconf-event-notifications].

  <notification xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:notification:1.0">
   <eventTime>2017-10-25T08:00:11.22Z</eventTime>
   <push-update xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-yang-push">
     <subscription-id>1011</subscription-id>
     <datastore-contents>
       <interfaces-state xmlns="http://foo.com/ietf-interfaces">
         <interface>
           <name>eth0</name>
           <oper-status>up</oper-status>
         </interface>
       </interfaces-state>
     </datastore-contents>
   </push-update>
  </notification>

                          Figure 1: Push example

   The following is an example of an on-change notification message for
   the same subscription.

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<notification xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:notification:1.0">
 <eventTime>2017-10-25T08:22:33.44Z</eventTime>
 <push-change-update xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-yang-push">
   <subscription-id>89</subscription-id>
   <datastore-changes>
     <yang-patch xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-yang-patch">
       <patch-id>1</patch-id>
       <edit>
         <edit-id>edit1</edit-id>
         <operation>merge</operation>
         <target>/ietf-interfaces:interfaces-state</target>
         <value>
           <interfaces-state xmlns="http://foo.com/ietf-interfaces">
             <interface>
               <name>eth0</name>
               <oper-status>down</oper-status>
             </interface>
           </interfaces-state>
         </value>
       </edit>
     </yang-patch>
   </datastore-changes>
 </push-change-update>
</notification>

                   Figure 2: Push example for on change

   Of note in the above example is the 'patch-id' with a value of '1'.
   Per [RFC8072], the 'patch-id' is an arbitrary string.  With YANG
   Push, the publisher SHOULD put into the 'patch-id' a counter starting
   at '1' which increments with every 'push-change-update' generated for
   a subscription.  If used as a counter, this counter MUST be reset to
   '1' anytime a resynchronization occurs (i.e., with the sending of a
   'push-update').  Also if used as a counter, the counter MUST be reset
   to '1' the after passing a maximum value of '99999'.  Such a
   mechanism allows easy identification of lost or out-of-sequence
   update records.

3.8.  Subscription Management

   The RPCs defined within
   [I-D.draft-ietf-netconf-subscribed-notifications] have been enhanced
   to support datastore subscription negotiation.  Included in these
   enhancements are error codes which can indicate why a datastore
   subscription attempt has failed.

   A datastore subscription can be rejected for multiple reasons.  This
   includes a too large subtree request, or the inability of the

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   publisher to push update records as frequently as requested.  In such
   cases, no subscription is established.  Instead, the subscription-
   result with the failure reason is returned as part of the RPC
   response.  As part of this response, a set of alternative
   subscription parameters MAY be returned that would likely have
   resulted in acceptance of the subscription request.  The subscriber
   may consider these as part of future subscription attempts.

   The specific parameters to be returned in as part of the RPC error
   response depend on the specific transport that is used to manage the
   subscription.  In the case of NETCONF
   [I-D.draft-ietf-netconf-netconf-event-notifications], the NETCONF RPC
   reply MUST include an "rpc-error" element with the following
   additional elements:

   o  "error-type" of "rpc".

   o  "error-tag" of "operation-failed".

   o  Optionally, an "error-severity" of "error" (this MAY but does not
      have to be included).

   o  "error-app-tag" with the value being a string that corresponds to
      an identity with a base of "establish-subscription-error" (for
      error responses to an establish-subscription request), "modify-
      subscription-error" (for error responses to a modify-subscription
      request), "delete-subscription-error" (for error responses to a
      delete-subscription request), "resynch-subscription-error" (for
      error responses to resynch-subscription request), or "kill-
      subscription-error" (for error responses to a kill-subscription
      request), respectively.

   o  In case of error responses to an establish-subscription or modify-
      subscription request: optionally, "error-info" containing XML-
      encoded data with hints regarding parameter settings that might
      lead to successful requests in the future, per yang-data
      definitions "establish-subscription-error-datastore" (for error
      responses to an establish-subscription request) or "modify-
      subscription-error-datastore (for error responses to a modify-
      subscription request), respectively.  In case of an rpc error as a
      result of a delete-subscription, or a kill-subscription, or a
      resynch-subscription request, no error-info needs to be included,
      as the subscription-id is the only RPC input parameter and no
      hints regarding RPC input parameters need to be provided.

   For instance, for the following request:

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<netconf:rpc message-id="101"
    xmlns:netconf="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0">
  <establish-subscription
  xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-subscribed-notifications"
  xmlns:yp="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-yang-push">
   <yp:datastore xmlns:ds="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-datastores">
      ds:operational
   </yp:datastore>
    <yp:datastore-xpath-filter netconf:type="xpath"
      xmlns:ex="http://example.com/sample-data/1.0">
      /ex:foo
    </yp:datastore-xpath-filter>
    <yp:periodic>
      <yp:period>500</yp:period>
    </yp:periodic>
  </establish-subscription>
</netconf:rpc>

                 Figure 3: Establish-Subscription example

   the publisher might return:

 <rpc-reply message-id="101"
   xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0">
   <rpc-error>
    <error-type>application</error-type>
    <error-tag>operation-failed</error-tag>
    <error-app-tag>period-unsupported</error-app-tag>
    <error-info>
      <establish-subscription-error-datastore
       xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-subscribed-notifications"
       xmlns:yp="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-yang-push">
        <yp:period-hint>
          2000
        </yp:period-hint>
      </establish-subscription-error-datastore>
    </error-info>
   </rpc-error>
 </rpc-reply>

                     Figure 4: Error response example

3.9.  Receiver Authorization

   A receiver of subscription data MUST only be sent updates for which
   they have proper authorization.  A publisher MUST ensure that no non-
   authorized data is included in push updates.  To do so, it needs to

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   apply all corresponding checks applicable at the time of a specific
   pushed update and if necessary silently remove any non-authorized
   data from datastore subtrees.  This enables YANG data pushed based on
   subscriptions to be authorized equivalently to a regular data
   retrieval (get) operation.

   A publisher MUST allow for the possibility that a subscription's
   selection filter references non-existent or access-protected data.
   Such support permits a receiver the ability to monitor the entire
   lifecyle of some datastore tree.  In this case, all "push-update"
   notifications must be sent empty, and no "push-change-update"
   notifications will be sent until some data becomes visible for a
   receiver.

   A publisher MAY choose reject an establish-subscription request which
   selects non-existent or access-protected data.  In addition, a
   publisher MAY choose to terminate a dynamic subscription or suspend a
   configured receiver when the authorization privileges of a receiver
   change, or the access controls for subscribed objects change.  Such a
   capability enables the publisher to avoid having to support a
   continuous, and total filtering of an entire subscription's content.

   In these cases above, the error identity "data-unavailable" SHOULD be
   returned.  This reduces the possibility of leakage of access
   controlled objects.

   The conceptual authorization model for datastores is the NETCONF
   Access Control Model [RFC6536bis], Section 3.2.4.  A clarification to
   this is that each of the individual nodes in a resulting update
   record MUST also have applied access control to resulting pushed
   messages.  This includes validating that read access is ok for any
   nodes newly selected since the last update record for each receiver.

                         +-----------------+      +--------------------+
     push-update or -->  | datastore node  |  yes | add datastore node |
    push-change-update   | access allowed? | ---> | to update message  |
                         +-----------------+      +--------------------+

                 Figure 5: Access control for push updates

   If read access into previously accessible nodes has been lost due to
   a receiver permissions change, this SHOULD be reported as a patch
   "delete" operation for on-change subscriptions.  If not capable of
   handling such receiver permission changes with such a "delete",
   publisher implementations MUST force dynamic subscription re-
   establishment or configured subscription re-initialization so that
   appropriate filtering is installed.

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3.10.  On-change Notifiable YANG objects

   In some cases, a publisher supporting on-change notifications may not
   be able to push updates for some object types on-change.  Reasons for
   this might be that the value of the datastore node changes frequently
   (e.g., [RFC7223]'s in-octets counter), that small object changes are
   frequent and meaningless (e.g., a temperature gauge changing 0.1
   degrees), or that the implementation is not capable of on-change
   notification for a particular object.

   Support for on-change notification is specific to the individual YANG
   model and/or implementation, and is useful to define in design time.
   System integrators need this information (without reading any data
   from a live node).

   Mechanisms for identifying which data nodes support on-change
   notification are left to individual implementations.

3.11.  Other Considerations

3.11.1.  Robustness and reliability

   Particularly in the case of on-change updates, it is important that
   these updates do not get lost.  Or in case the loss of an update is
   unavoidable, it is critical that the receiver is notified
   accordingly.

   Update records for a single subscription MAY NOT be resequenced prior
   to transport.

   It is conceivable that under certain circumstances, a publisher will
   recognize that it is unable to include within an update record the
   full set of objects desired per the terms of a subscription.  In this
   case, the publisher MUST take one or more of the following actions.

   o  A publisher MUST set the "updates-not-sent" flag on any update
      record which is known to be missing information.

   o  It MAY choose to suspend a subscription as per
      [I-D.draft-ietf-netconf-subscribed-notifications].

   o  When resuming an on-change subscription, the publisher SHOULD
      generate a complete patch from the previous update record.  If
      this is not possible and the "no-synch-on-start" option is not
      present for the subscription, then the full datastore contents MAY
      be sent via a "push-update" instead (effectively replacing the
      previous contents).  If neither of these are possible, then an

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      "updates-not-sent" flag MUST be included on the next "push-change-
      update".

   Note: It is perfectly acceptable to have a series of "push-change-
   update" notifications (and even "push update" notifications) serially
   queued at the transport layer awaiting transmission.  It is not
   required to merge pending update messages.  I.e., the dampening
   period applies to update record creation, not transmission.

3.11.2.  Publisher capacity

   It is far preferable to decline a subscription request than to accept
   such a request when it cannot be met.

   Whether or not a subscription can be supported will be determined by
   a combination of several factors such as the subscription trigger
   (on-change or periodic), the period in which to report changes (one
   second periods will consume more resources than one hour periods),
   the amount of data in the datastore subtree that is being subscribed
   to, and the number and combination of other subscriptions that are
   concurrently being serviced.

4.  A YANG data model for management of datastore push subscriptions

4.1.  Overview

   The YANG data model for datastore push subscriptions is depicted in
   the following figure.  Following YANG tree convention in the
   depiction, brackets enclose list keys, "rw" means configuration, "ro"
   operational state data, "?" designates optional nodes, "*" designates
   nodes that can have multiple instances.  Parentheses with a name in
   the middle enclose choice and case nodes.  New schema objects defined
   here (i.e., beyond those from
   [I-D.draft-ietf-netconf-subscribed-notifications]) are identified
   with "yp".

module: ietf-subscribed-notifications
    +--ro streams
    |  +--ro stream* [name]
    |     +--ro name                        string
    |     +--ro description                 string
    |     +--ro replay-support?             empty {replay}?
    |     +--ro replay-log-creation-time?   yang:date-and-time {replay}?
    |     +--ro replay-log-aged-time?       yang:date-and-time {replay}?
    +--rw filters
    |  +--rw stream-filter* [identifier]
    |  |  +--rw identifier               filter-id
    |  |  +--rw (filter-spec)?

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    |  |     +--:(stream-subtree-filter)
    |  |     |  +--rw stream-subtree-filter?   <anydata> {subtree}?
    |  |     +--:(stream-xpath-filter)
    |  |        +--rw stream-xpath-filter?     yang:xpath1.0 {xpath}?
    |  +--rw yp:selection-filter* [identifier]
    |     +--rw yp:identifier                  sn:filter-id
    |     +--rw (yp:filter-spec)?
    |        +--:(yp:datastore-subtree-filter)
    |        |  +--rw yp:datastore-subtree-filter?
    |        |                                   <anydata> {sn:subtree}?
    |        +--:(yp:datastore-xpath-filter)
    |           +--rw yp:datastore-xpath-filter?
    |                                          yang:xpath1.0 {sn:xpath}?
    +--rw subscriptions
       +--rw subscription* [identifier]
          +--rw identifier                     subscription-id
          +--ro configured-subscription-state? enumeration {configured}?
          +--rw purpose?                       string {configured}?
          +--rw protocol                       transport {configured}?
          +--rw encoding                       encoding
          +--rw (target)
          |  +--:(stream)
          |  |  +--rw (stream-filter)?
          |  |  |  +--:(by-reference)
          |  |  |  |  +--rw stream-filter-ref          stream-filter-ref
          |  |  |  +--:(within-subscription)
          |  |  |     +--rw (filter-spec)?
          |  |  |        +--:(stream-subtree-filter)
          |  |  |        |  +--rw stream-subtree-filter?
          |  |  |                                   <anydata> {subtree}?
          |  |  |        +--:(stream-xpath-filter)
          |  |  |           +--rw stream-xpath-filter?
          |  |  |                                 yang:xpath1.0 {xpath}?
          |  |  +--rw stream                      stream-ref
          |  |  +--rw replay-start-time?    yang:date-and-time {replay}?
          |  +--:(yp:datastore)
          |     +--rw yp:datastore                     identityref
          |     +--rw (yp:selected-content)?
          |        +--:(yp:by-reference)
          |        |  +--rw yp:selection-filter-ref selection-filter-ref
          |        +--:(yp:within-subscription)
          |           +--rw (yp:filter-spec)?
          |              +--:(yp:datastore-subtree-filter)
          |              |  +--rw yp:datastore-subtree-filter?
          |                                      <anydata> {sn:subtree}?
          |              +--:(yp:datastore-xpath-filter)
          |                 +--rw yp:datastore-xpath-filter?
          |                                    yang:xpath1.0 {sn:xpath}?

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          +--rw stop-time?                       yang:date-and-time
          +--rw dscp?                            inet:dscp {qos}?
          +--rw weighting?                       uint8 {qos}?
          +--rw dependency?                      subscription-id {qos}?
          +--rw (notification-message-origin)?
          |  +--:(interface-originated)
          |  |  +--rw source-interface?                if:interface-ref
          |  +--:(address-originated)
          |     +--rw source-vrf?                      ->
          |  /ni:network-instances/network-instance/name {supports-vrf}?
          |     +--rw source-address?            inet:ip-address-no-zone
          +--rw receivers
          |  +--rw receiver* [address port]
          |     +--rw address                   inet:host
          |     +--rw port                      inet:port-number
          |     +--ro pushed-notifications?     yang:counter64
          |     +--ro excluded-notifications?   yang:counter64
          |     +--ro status                    enumeration
          |     +---x reset
          |        +--ro output
          |           +--ro time    yang:date-and-time
          +--rw (yp:update-trigger)?
             +--:(yp:periodic)
             |  +--rw yp:periodic!
             |     +--rw yp:period         yang:timeticks
             |     +--rw yp:anchor-time?   yang:date-and-time
             +--:(yp:on-change) {on-change}?
                +--rw yp:on-change!
                   +--rw yp:dampening-period?    yang:timeticks
                   +--rw yp:no-synch-on-start?   empty
                   +--rw yp:excluded-change*     change-type

  rpcs:
    +---x establish-subscription
    |  +---w input
    |  |  +---w encoding?                      encoding
    |  |  +---w (target)
    |  |  |  +--:(stream)
    |  |  |  |  +---w (stream-filter)?
    |  |  |  |  |  +--:(by-reference)
    |  |  |  |  |  |  +---w stream-filter-ref          stream-filter-ref
    |  |  |  |  |  +--:(within-subscription)
    |  |  |  |  |     +---w (filter-spec)?
    |  |  |  |  |        +--:(stream-subtree-filter)
    |  |  |  |  |        |  +---w stream-subtree-filter?
    |  |  |  |  |                                   <anydata> {subtree}?
    |  |  |  |  |        +--:(stream-xpath-filter)
    |  |  |  |  |           +---w stream-xpath-filter?

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    |  |  |  |  |                                 yang:xpath1.0 {xpath}?
    |  |  |  |  +---w stream                      stream-ref
    |  |  |  |  +---w replay-start-time?    yang:date-and-time {replay}?
    |  |  |  +--:(yp:datastore)
    |  |  |     +---w yp:datastore                   identityref
    |  |  |     +---w (yp:selected-content)?
    |  |  |        +--:(yp:by-reference)
    |  |  |        |  +---w yp:selection-filter-ref selection-filter-ref
    |  |  |        +--:(yp:within-subscription)
    |  |  |           +---w (yp:filter-spec)?
    |  |  |              +--:(yp:datastore-subtree-filter)
    |  |  |              |  +---w yp:datastore-subtree-filter?
    |  |  |              |                       <anydata> {sn:subtree}?
    |  |  |              +--:(yp:datastore-xpath-filter)
    |  |  |                 +---w yp:datastore-xpath-filter?
    |  |  |                                    yang:xpath1.0 {sn:xpath}?
    |  |  +---w stop-time?                     yang:date-and-time
    |  |  +---w dscp?                          inet:dscp {qos}?
    |  |  +---w weighting?                     uint8 {qos}?
    |  |  +---w dependency?                    subscription-id {qos}?
    |  |  +---w (yp:update-trigger)?
    |  |     +--:(yp:periodic)
    |  |     |  +---w yp:periodic!
    |  |     |     +---w yp:period         yang:timeticks
    |  |     |     +---w yp:anchor-time?   yang:date-and-time
    |  |     +--:(yp:on-change) {on-change}?
    |  |        +---w yp:on-change!
    |  |           +---w yp:dampening-period?    yang:timeticks
    |  |           +---w yp:no-synch-on-start?   empty
    |  |           +---w yp:excluded-change*     change-type
    |  +--ro output
    |     +--ro identifier    subscription-id
    +---x modify-subscription
    |  +---w input
    |     +---w identifier?                    subscription-id
    |     +---w (target)
    |     |  +--:(stream)
    |     |  |  +---w (stream-filter)?
    |     |  |     +--:(by-reference)
    |     |  |     |  +---w stream-filter-ref          stream-filter-ref
    |     |  |     +--:(within-subscription)
    |     |  |        +---w (filter-spec)?
    |     |  |           +--:(stream-subtree-filter)
    |     |  |           |  +---w stream-subtree-filter?
    |     |  |                                      <anydata> {subtree}?
    |     |  |           +--:(stream-xpath-filter)
    |     |  |              +---w stream-xpath-filter?
    |     |  |                                    yang:xpath1.0 {xpath}?

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    |     |  +--:(yp:datastore)
    |     |     +---w (yp:selected-content)?
    |     |        +--:(yp:by-reference)
    |     |        |  +---w yp:selection-filter-ref selection-filter-ref
    |     |        +--:(yp:within-subscription)
    |     |           +---w (yp:filter-spec)?
    |     |              +--:(yp:datastore-subtree-filter)
    |     |              |  +---w yp:datastore-subtree-filter?
    |     |              |                       <anydata> {sn:subtree}?
    |     |              +--:(yp:datastore-xpath-filter)
    |     |                 +---w yp:datastore-xpath-filter?
    |     |                                    yang:xpath1.0 {sn:xpath}?
    |     +---w stop-time?                     yang:date-and-time
    |     +---w (yp:update-trigger)?
    |        +--:(yp:periodic)
    |        |  +---w yp:periodic!
    |        |     +---w yp:period         yang:timeticks
    |        |     +---w yp:anchor-time?   yang:date-and-time
    |        +--:(yp:on-change) {on-change}?
    |           +---w yp:on-change!
    |              +---w yp:dampening-period?   yang:timeticks
    +---x delete-subscription
    |  +---w input
    |     +---w identifier    subscription-id
    +---x kill-subscription
       +---w input
          +---w identifier    subscription-id

  yang-data (for placement into rpc error responses)
    +-- establish-subscription-error-stream
    |  +--ro reason?                   identityref
    |  +--ro filter-failure-hint?      string
    |  +--ro replay-start-time-hint?   yang:date-and-time
    +-- modify-subscription-error-stream
       +--ro reason?                identityref
       +--ro filter-failure-hint?   string

  notifications:
    +---n replay-completed {replay}?
    |  +--ro identifier    subscription-id
    +---n subscription-completed
    |  +--ro identifier    subscription-id
    +---n subscription-started {configured}?
    |  +--ro identifier                     subscription-id
    |  +--ro protocol                       transport {configured}?
    |  +--ro encoding                       encoding
    |  +--ro (target)
    |  |  +--:(stream)

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    |  |  |  +--ro (stream-filter)?
    |  |  |  |  +--:(by-reference)
    |  |  |  |  |  +--ro stream-filter-ref             stream-filter-ref
    |  |  |  |  +--:(within-subscription)
    |  |  |  |     +--ro (filter-spec)?
    |  |  |  |        +--:(stream-subtree-filter)
    |  |  |  |        |  +--ro stream-subtree-filter?
    |  |  |  |        |                            <anydata> {subtree}?
    |  |  |  |        +--:(stream-xpath-filter)
    |  |  |  |           +--ro stream-xpath-filter?
    |  |  |  |                                    yang:xpath1.0 {xpath}?
    |  |  |  +--ro stream                         stream-ref
    |  |  |  +--ro replay-start-time?       yang:date-and-time {replay}?
    |  |  +--:(yp:datastore)
    |  |     +--ro yp:datastore                   identityref
    |  |     +--ro (yp:selected-content)?
    |  |        +--:(yp:by-reference)
    |  |        |  +--ro yp:selection-filter-ref   selection-filter-ref
    |  |        +--:(yp:within-subscription)
    |  |           +--ro (yp:filter-spec)?
    |  |              +--:(yp:datastore-subtree-filter)
    |  |              |  +--ro yp:datastore-subtree-filter?
    |  |                                         <anydata> {sn:subtree}?
    |  |              +--:(yp:datastore-xpath-filter)
    |  |                 +--ro yp:datastore-xpath-filter?
    |  |                                    yang:xpath1.0 {sn:xpath}?
    |  +--ro stop-time?                     yang:date-and-time
    |  +--ro dscp?                          inet:dscp {qos}?
    |  +--ro weighting?                     uint8 {qos}?
    |  +--ro dependency?                    subscription-id {qos}?
    |  +--ro (yp:update-trigger)?
    |     +--:(yp:periodic)
    |     |  +--ro yp:periodic!
    |     |     +--ro yp:period         yang:timeticks
    |     |     +--ro yp:anchor-time?   yang:date-and-time
    |     +--:(yp:on-change) {on-change}?
    |        +--ro yp:on-change!
    |           +--ro yp:dampening-period?    yang:timeticks
    |           +--ro yp:no-synch-on-start?   empty
    |           +--ro yp:excluded-change*     change-type
    +---n subscription-resumed
    |  +--ro identifier    subscription-id
    +---n subscription-modified
    |  +--ro identifier                     subscription-id
    |  +--ro protocol                       transport {configured}?
    |  +--ro encoding                       encoding
    |  +--ro (target)
    |  |  +--:(stream)

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    |  |  |  +--ro (stream-filter)?
    |  |  |  |  +--:(by-reference)
    |  |  |  |  |  +--ro stream-filter-ref             stream-filter-ref
    |  |  |  |  +--:(within-subscription)
    |  |  |  |     +--ro (filter-spec)?
    |  |  |  |        +--:(stream-subtree-filter)
    |  |  |  |        |  +--ro stream-subtree-filter?
    |  |  |  |        |                             <anydata> {subtree}?
    |  |  |  |        +--:(stream-xpath-filter)
    |  |  |  |           +--ro stream-xpath-filter?
    |  |  |  |                                    yang:xpath1.0 {xpath}?
    |  |  |  +--ro stream                         stream-ref
    |  |  |  +--ro replay-start-time?       yang:date-and-time {replay}?
    |  |  +--:(yp:datastore)
    |  |     +--ro yp:datastore                   identityref
    |  |     +--ro (yp:selected-content)?
    |  |        +--:(yp:by-reference)
    |  |        |  +--ro yp:selection-filter-ref    selection-filter-ref
    |  |        +--:(yp:within-subscription)
    |  |           +--ro (yp:filter-spec)?
    |  |              +--:(yp:datastore-subtree-filter)
    |  |              |  +--ro yp:datastore-subtree-filter?
    |  |              |                          <anydata> {sn:subtree}?
    |  |              +--:(yp:datastore-xpath-filter)
    |  |                 +--ro yp:datastore-xpath-filter?
    |  |                                    yang:xpath1.0 {sn:xpath}?
    |  +--ro stop-time?                     yang:date-and-time
    |  +--ro dscp?                          inet:dscp {qos}?
    |  +--ro weighting?                     uint8 {qos}?
    |  +--ro dependency?                    subscription-id {qos}?
    |  +--ro (yp:update-trigger)?
    |     +--:(yp:periodic)
    |     |  +--ro yp:periodic!
    |     |     +--ro yp:period         yang:timeticks
    |     |     +--ro yp:anchor-time?   yang:date-and-time
    |     +--:(yp:on-change) {on-change}?
    |        +--ro yp:on-change!
    |           +--ro yp:dampening-period?    yang:timeticks
    |           +--ro yp:no-synch-on-start?   empty
    |           +--ro yp:excluded-change*     change-type
    +---n subscription-terminated
    |  +--ro identifier    subscription-id
    |  +--ro reason        identityref
    +---n subscription-suspended
       +--ro identifier    subscription-id
       +--ro reason        identityref

module: ietf-yang-push

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  rpcs:
    +---x resynch-subscription {on-change}?
       +---w input
          +---w identifier    sn:subscription-id

  yang-data: (for placement into rpc error responses)
    +-- resynch-subscription-error
    |  +--ro reason?                   identityref
    |  +--ro period-hint?              timeticks
    |  +--ro filter-failure-hint?      string
    |  +--ro object-count-estimate?    uint32
    |  +--ro object-count-limit?       uint32
    |  +--ro kilobytes-estimate?       uint32
    |  +--ro kilobytes-limit?          uint32
    +-- establish-subscription-error-datastore
    |  +--ro reason?                   identityref
    |  +--ro period-hint?              timeticks
    |  +--ro filter-failure-hint?      string
    |  +--ro object-count-estimate?    uint32
    |  +--ro object-count-limit?       uint32
    |  +--ro kilobytes-estimate?       uint32
    |  +--ro kilobytes-limit?          uint32
    +-- modify-subscription-error-datastore
       +--ro reason?                   identityref
       +--ro period-hint?              timeticks
       +--ro filter-failure-hint?      string
       +--ro object-count-estimate?    uint32
       +--ro object-count-limit?       uint32
       +--ro kilobytes-estimate?       uint32
       +--ro kilobytes-limit?          uint32

  notifications:
    +---n push-update
    |  +--ro subscription-id?      sn:subscription-id
    |  +--ro updates-not-sent?     empty
    |  +--ro datastore-contents?   <anydata>
    +---n push-change-update {on-change}?
       +--ro subscription-id?     sn:subscription-id
       +--ro updates-not-sent?    empty
       +--ro datastore-changes?   <anydata>

                         Figure 6: Model structure

   Selected components of the model are summarized below.

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4.2.  Subscription configuration

   Both configured and dynamic subscriptions are represented within the
   list subscription.  But only configured subscriptions are listed
   within list subscription-config.  In both lists, each subscription
   has own list elements.  New and enhanced parameters extending the
   basic subscription data model in
   [I-D.draft-ietf-netconf-subscribed-notifications] include:

   o  The targeted datastore from which the selection is being made.
      The potential datastores include those from
      [I-D.draft-ietf-netmod-revised-datastores].  A platform may also
      choose to support a custom datastore.

   o  A selection filter identifying yang nodes of interest within a
      datastore.  Filter contents are specified via a reference to an
      existing filter, or via an in-line definition for only that
      subscription.  Referenced filters allows an implementation to
      avoid evaluating filter acceptability during a dynamic
      subscription request.  The case statement differentiates the
      options.

   o  For periodic subscriptions, triggered updates will occur at the
      boundaries of a specified time interval.  These boundaries many be
      calculated from the periodic parameters:

      *  a "period" which defines duration between period push updates.

      *  an "anchor-time"; update intervals always fall on the points in
         time that are a multiple of a "period" from an "anchor-time".
         If "anchor-time" is not provided, then the "anchor-time" MUST
         be set with the creation time of the initial update record.

   o  For on-change subscriptions, assuming any dampening period has
      completed, triggering occurs whenever a change in the subscribed
      information is detected.  On-change subscriptions have more
      complex semantics that is guided by its own set of parameters:

      *  a "dampening-period" specifies the interval that must pass
         before a successive update for the subscription is sent.  If no
         dampening period is in effect, the update is sent immediately.
         If a subsequent change is detected, another update is only sent
         once the dampening period has passed for this subscription.

      *  an "excluded-change" flag which allows restriction of the types
         of changes for which updates should be sent (e.g., only add to
         an update record on object creation).

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      *  a "no-synch-on-start" flag which specifies whether a complete
         update with all the subscribed data is to be sent at the
         beginning of a subscription.

4.3.  YANG Notifications

4.3.1.  State Change Notifications

   Subscription state notifications and mechanism are reused from
   [I-D.draft-ietf-netconf-subscribed-notifications].  Some have been
   augmented to include the datastore specific objects.

4.3.2.  Notifications for Subscribed Content

   Along with the subscribed content, there are other objects which
   might be part of a "push-update" or "push-change-update"

   A "subscription-id" MUST be transported along with the subscribed
   contents.  An [RFC5277]  Section 4 one-way notification MAY be used
   for encoding updates.  Where it is, the relevant "subscription-id"
   MUST be encoded as the first element within each "push-update" or
   "push-change-update".  This allows a receiver to differentiate which
   subscription resulted in a particular push.

   A "time-of-update" which represents the time an update record
   snapshot was generated.  A receiver MAY assume that a publisher's
   objects have these pushed values at this point in time.

   An "updates-not-sent" object.  This object indicates that not all
   changes which have occurred since the last update are actually
   included with this update.  In other words, the publisher has failed
   to fulfill its full subscription obligations.  (For example a
   datastore was unable to providing the full set of datastore nodes to
   a publisher process.)  To facilitate re-synchronization of on-change
   subscriptions, a publisher MAY subsequently send a "push-update"
   containing a full selection snapshot of subscribed data.

4.4.  YANG RPCs

   YANG-Push subscriptions are established, modified, and deleted using
   RPCs augmented from
   [I-D.draft-ietf-netconf-subscribed-notifications].

4.4.1.  Establish-subscription RPC

   The subscriber sends an establish-subscription RPC with the
   parameters in section 3.1.  An example might look like:

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<netconf:rpc message-id="101"
  xmlns:netconf="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0">
  <establish-subscription
       xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-subscribed-notifications"
       xmlns:yp="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-yang-push">
    <yp:datastore>
      <yp:source xmlns:ds="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-datastores">
        ds:operational
      </yp:source>
      <xpath-filter
          xmlns:ex="http://example.com/sample-data/1.0"
          select="/ex:foo"/>
    </yp:datastore>
    <yp:periodic>
      <yp:period>500</yp:period>
    </yp:periodic>
 </establish-subscription>
</netconf:rpc>

                   Figure 7: Establish-subscription RPC

   The publisher MUST respond explicitly positively (i.e., subscription
   accepted) or negatively (i.e., subscription rejected) to the request.
   Positive responses include the "identifier" of the accepted
   subscription.  In that case a publisher MAY respond:

<rpc-reply message-id="101"
    xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0">
    <subscription-result
      xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-subscribed-notifications">
       ok
    </subscription-result>
    <identifier
      xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-subscribed-notifications">
       52
    </identifier>
</rpc-reply>

          Figure 8: Establish-subscription positive RPC response

   A subscription can be rejected for multiple reasons, including the
   lack of authorization to establish a subscription, no capacity to
   serve the subscription at the publisher, or the inability of the
   publisher to select datastore content at the requested cadence.

   If a request is rejected because the publisher is not able to serve
   it, the publisher SHOULD include in the returned error hints which
   help a subscriber understand subscription parameters might have been

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   accepted for the request.  These hints would be included within the
   yang-data structure "establish-subscription-error-datastore".
   However even with these hints, there are no guarantee that subsequent
   requests will in fact be accepted.

   The specific parameters to be returned in as part of the RPC error
   response depend on the specific transport that is used to manage the
   subscription.  In the case of NETCONF
   [I-D.draft-ietf-netconf-netconf-event-notifications], when a
   subscription request is rejected, the NETCONF RPC reply MUST include
   an "rpc-error" element with the following elements:

   o  "error-type" of "rpc".

   o  "error-tag" of "operation-failed".

   o  Optionally, an "error-severity" of "error" (this MAY but does not
      have to be included).

   o  "error-app-tag" with the value being a string that corresponds to
      an identity with a base of "establish-subscription-error".

   o  Optionally, "error-info" containing XML-encoded data with hints
      for parameter settings that might result in future RPC success per
      yang-data definition "establish-subscription-error-datastore".

   For example, for the following request:

   <netconf:rpc message-id="101"
     xmlns:netconf="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0">
     <establish-subscription
     xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-subscribed-notifications"
     xmlns:yp="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-yang-push">
       <yp:datastore
       xmlns:ds="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-datastores">
         ds:operational
       </yp:datastore>
       <yp:datastore-xpath-filter netconf:type="xpath"
       xmlns:ex="http://example.com/sample-data/1.0">
         /ex:foo
       </yp:datastore-xpath-filter>
       <yp:on-change>
         <yp:dampening-period>100</yp:dampening-period>
       </yp:on-change>
     </establish-subscription>
   </netconf:rpc>

            Figure 9: Establish-subscription request example 2

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   a publisher that cannot serve on-change updates but periodic updates
   might return the following:

<rpc-reply message-id="101"
  xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0">
  <rpc-error>
    <error-type>application</error-type>
    <error-tag>operation-failed</error-tag>
    <error-severity>error</error-severity>
    <error-app-tag>
        on-change-unsupported
    </error-message>
    <error-path
   xmlns:yp="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-subscribed-notifications">
      /yp:periodic/yp:period
    </error-path>
  </rpc-error>
</rpc-reply>

        Figure 10: Establish-subscription error response example 2

4.4.2.  Modify-subscription RPC

   The subscriber MAY invoke the "modify-subscription" RPC for a
   subscription it previously established.  The subscriber will include
   newly desired values in the "modify-subscription" RPC.  Parameters
   not included MUST remain unmodified.  Below is an example where a
   subscriber attempts to modify the "period" of a subscription.

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 <netconf:rpc message-id="102"
    xmlns:netconf="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0">
    <modify-subscription
    xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-subscribed-notifications"
    xmlns:yp="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-yang-push">
     <identifier>1011</identifier>
     <yp:datastore
     xmlns:ds="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-datastores">
       ds:operational
     </yp:datastore>
     <yp:datastore-xpath-filter
     netconf:type="xpath" xmlns:ex="http://example.com/sample-data/1.0">
       /ex:bar
     </yp:datastore-xpath-filter>
     <yp:periodic>
       <yp:period>250</yp:period>
     </yp:periodic>
    </modify-subscription>
 </netconf:rpc>

                  Figure 11: Modify subscription request

   The publisher MUST respond explicitly positively or negatively to the
   request.  If the subscription modification is rejected, the
   subscription is maintained as it was before the modification request.
   In addition, the publisher MUST send an rpc error response.  This rpc
   error response may contain hints encapsulated within the yang-data
   structure "modify-subscription-error-datastore".  A subscription MAY
   be modified multiple times.

   The specific parameters to be returned in as part of the RPC error
   response depend on the specific transport that is used to manage the
   subscription.  In the case of NETCONF
   [I-D.draft-ietf-netconf-netconf-event-notifications], when a
   subscription request is rejected, the NETCONF RPC reply MUST include
   an "rpc-error" element with the following elements:

   o  "error-type" of "rpc".

   o  "error-tag" of "operation-failed".

   o  Optionally, an "error-severity" of "error" (this MAY but does not
      have to be included).

   o  "error-app-tag" with the value being a string that corresponds to
      an identity with a base of "modify-subscription-error".

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   o  "error-path" pointing to the object or parameter that caused the
      rejection.

   o  Optionally, "error-info" containing XML-encoded data with hints
      for parameter settings that might result in future RPC success per
      yang-data definition "modify-subscription-error-datastore".

   A configured subscription cannot be modified using "modify-
   subscription" RPC.  Instead, the configuration needs to be edited as
   needed.

4.4.3.  Delete-subscription RPC

   To stop receiving updates from a subscription and effectively delete
   a subscription that had previously been established using an
   "establish-subscription" RPC, a subscriber can send a "delete-
   subscription" RPC, which takes as only input the subscription's
   "identifier".

   Configured subscriptions cannot be deleted via RPC, but have to be
   removed from the configuration.  This RPC is identical to the RPC
   from [I-D.draft-ietf-netconf-subscribed-notifications].

4.4.4.  Resynch-subscription RPC

   This RPC is only applicable only for on-change subscriptions
   previously been established using an "establish-subscription" RPC.
   For example:

 <netconf:rpc message-id="103"
 xmlns:netconf="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0">
   <resynch-subscription
   xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-yang-push"
   xmlns:sn="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-subscribed-notifications">
     <identifier>1011</identifier>
   </resynch-subscription>
 </netconf:rpc>

                           Resynch subscription

   On receipt, a publisher must either accept the request and quickly
   follow with a "push-update", or send an appropriate error within an
   rpc error response.  Within an error response, the publisher may
   include supplemental information about the reasons within the yang-
   data structure "resynch-subscription-error".

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4.4.5.  YANG Module Synchronization

   To make subscription requests, the subscriber needs to know the YANG
   module library available on the publisher.  The YANG 1.0 module
   library information is sent by a NETCONF server in the NETCONF
   "hello" message.  For YANG 1.1 modules and all modules used with the
   RESTCONF [RFC8040] protocol, this information is provided by the YANG
   Library module (ietf-yang-library.yang from [RFC7895].  This YANG
   library information is important for the receiver to reproduce the
   set of object definitions used within the publisher.

   The YANG library includes a module list with the name, revision,
   enabled features, and applied deviations for each YANG module
   implemented by the publisher.  The receiver is expected to know the
   YANG library information before starting a subscription.  The
   "/modules-state/module-set-id" leaf in the "ietf-yang-library" module
   can be used to cache the YANG library information.

   The set of modules, revisions, features, and deviations can change at
   run-time (if supported by the publisher implementation).  In this
   case, the receiver needs to be informed of module changes before
   datastore nodes from changed modules can be processed correctly.  The
   YANG library provides a simple "yang-library-change" notification
   that informs the subscriber that the library has changed.  The
   receiver then needs to re-read the entire YANG library data for the
   replicated publisher in order to detect the specific YANG library
   changes.  The "ietf-netconf-notifications" module defined in
   [RFC6470] contains a "netconf-capability-change" notification that
   can identify specific module changes.  For example, the module URI
   capability of a newly loaded module will be listed in the "added-
   capability" leaf-list, and the module URI capability of an removed
   module will be listed in the "deleted-capability" leaf-list.

5.  YANG module

<CODE BEGINS>; file "ietf-yang-push@2018-02-05.yang"
module ietf-yang-push {
  yang-version 1.1;
  namespace "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-yang-push";
  prefix yp;

  import ietf-yang-types {
    prefix yang;
  }
  import ietf-subscribed-notifications {
    prefix sn;
  }
  import ietf-datastores {

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    prefix ds;
  }
  import ietf-restconf   {
    prefix rc;
  }

  organization "IETF";
  contact
    "WG Web:   <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/netconf/>
     WG List:  <mailto:netconf@ietf.org>

     Editor:   Alexander Clemm
               <mailto:ludwig@clemm.org>

     Editor:   Eric Voit
               <mailto:evoit@cisco.com>

     Editor:   Alberto Gonzalez Prieto
               <mailto:agonzalezpri@vmware.com>

     Editor:   Ambika Prasad Tripathy
               <mailto:ambtripa@cisco.com>

     Editor:   Einar Nilsen-Nygaard
               <mailto:einarnn@cisco.com>

     Editor:   Andy Bierman
               <mailto:andy@yumaworks.com>

     Editor:   Balazs Lengyel
               <mailto:balazs.lengyel@ericsson.com>";

  description
    "This module contains YANG specifications for YANG push.";

  revision 2018-02-05 {
    description
      "Initial revision.";
    reference
      "draft-ietf-netconf-yang-push-13";
  }

 /*
  * FEATURES
  */

  feature on-change {
    description

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      "This feature indicates that on-change triggered subscriptions
       are supported.";
  }

 /*
  * IDENTITIES
  */

  /* Error type identities for datastore subscription  */

  identity resynch-subscription-error {
     description
      "Problem found while attempting to fulfill an
      'resynch-subscription' rpc request. ";
  }

  identity cant-exclude {
    base sn:establish-subscription-error;
    description
      "Unable to remove the set of 'excluded-changes'.  This means the
      publisher is unable to restrict 'push-change-update's to just the
      change types requested for this subscription.";
  }

  identity datastore-not-subscribable {
    base sn:establish-subscription-error;
    base sn:subscription-terminated-reason;
    description
      "This is not a subscribable datastore.";
  }

  identity no-such-subscription-resynch {
    base resynch-subscription-error;
    description
     "Referenced subscription doesn't exist. This may be as a result of
      a non-existent subscription ID, an ID which belongs to another
      subscriber, or an ID for configured subscription.";
  }

  identity on-change-unsupported {
    base sn:establish-subscription-error;
    description
      "On-change is not supported for any objects which are selectable
      by this filter.";
  }

  identity on-change-synch-unsupported {
    base sn:establish-subscription-error;

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    description
      "Neither synch on start nor resynchronization are supported for
      this subscription.  This error will be used for two reasons. First
      if an 'establish-subscription' RPC doesn't include
      'no-synch-on-start', yet the publisher can't support sending a
      'push-update' for this subscription for reasons other than
      'on-change-unsupported' or 'synchronization-size'.  And second, if
      the 'resynch-subscription' RPC is invoked either for an existing
      periodic subscription, or for an on-change subscription which
      can't support resynchronization.";
  }

  identity period-unsupported {
    base sn:establish-subscription-error;
    base sn:modify-subscription-error;
    base sn:subscription-suspended-reason;
    description
      "Requested time period is too short. This can be for both
       periodic and on-change subscriptions (with or without
       dampening.)

      Hints suggesting an acceptable period setting may be returned
      as supplemental information in a corresponding RPC error
      response, as applicable.";
  }

  identity result-too-big {
    base sn:establish-subscription-error;
    base sn:modify-subscription-error;
    base sn:subscription-suspended-reason;
    description
      "Periodic or on-change push update datatrees exceed a maximum
      size limit.

      Hints on a parameter setting that would result in a reasonable
      size may be returned as supplemental information in a
      corresponding RPC error response, as applicable.";
  }

  identity synchronization-size {
    base sn:establish-subscription-error;
    base sn:modify-subscription-error;
    base resynch-subscription-error;
    base sn:subscription-suspended-reason;
    description
      "Synch-on-start or resynchronization datatree exceeds a maximum
      size limit.

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      Hints on a parameter setting that would result in a reasonable
      size may be returned as supplemental information in a
      corresponding RPC error response, as applicable.";
  }

  identity unchanging-selection {
    base sn:establish-subscription-error;
    base sn:modify-subscription-error;
    base sn:subscription-terminated-reason;
    description
      "Selection filter is unlikely to ever select datatree nodes.  This
      means that based on the subscriber's current access rights, the
      publisher recognizes that the selection filter is unlikely to ever
      select datatree nodes which change. Examples for this might be
      that node or subtree doesn't exist, read access is not permitted
      for a receiver, or static objects that only change at reboot have
      been chosen.";
  }

  /*
   * TYPE DEFINITIONS
   */

  typedef change-type {
    type enumeration {
      enum "create" {
        description
          "Create a new data resource if it does not already exist.  If
          it already exists, replace.";
      }
      enum "delete" {
        description
          "Delete a data resource if it already exists. If it does not
          exists, take no action.";
      }
      enum "insert" {
        description
          "Insert a new user-ordered data resource";
      }
      enum "merge" {
        description
          "merge the edit value with the target data resource; create
          if it does not already exist";
      }
      enum "move" {
        description
          "Reorder the target data resource";
      }

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      enum "replace" {
        description
          "Replace the target data resource with the edit value";
      }
      enum "remove" {
        description
          "Remove a data resource if it already exists ";
      }
    }
    description
      "Specifies different types of datastore changes.";
    reference
      "RFC 8072 section 2.5, with a delta that it is valid for a
      receiver to process an update record which performs a create
      operation on a datastore node the receiver believes exists, or to
      process a delete on a datastore node the receiver believes is
      missing.";
  }

  typedef selection-filter-ref {
    type leafref {
      path "/sn:filters/yp:selection-filter/yp:identifier";
    }
    description
      "This type is used to reference a selection filter.";
  }

  /*
   * GROUP DEFINITIONS
   */

  grouping datastore-criteria {
    description
      "A grouping to define criteria for which selected objects from
       a targeted datastore should be included in push updates.";
    leaf datastore {
       type identityref {
         base ds:datastore;
       }
       mandatory true;
       description
         "Datastore from which to retrieve data.";
    }
    uses selection-filter-objects;
  }

  grouping selection-filter-types {
    description

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      "This grouping defines a selector for objects from a
       datastore.";
    choice filter-spec {
      description
        "The content filter specification for this request.";
      anydata datastore-subtree-filter {
        if-feature "sn:subtree";
        description
          "This parameter identifies the portions of the
           target datastore to retrieve.";
      }
      leaf datastore-xpath-filter {
        if-feature "sn:xpath";
        type yang:xpath1.0;
        description
          "This parameter contains an XPath expression identifying the
          portions of the target datastore to retrieve.

          If the expression returns a node-set, all nodes in the
          node-set are selected by the filter.  Otherwise, if the
          expression does not return a node-set, the filter
          doesn't select any nodes.

          The expression is evaluated in the following XPath context:

           o  The set of namespace declarations are those in scope on
              the 'xpath-filter' leaf element.

           o  The set of variable bindings is empty.

           o  The function library is the core function library, and
              the XPath functions defined in section 10 in RFC 7950.

           o  The context node is the root node of the target
              datastore.";
      }
    }
  }

  grouping selection-filter-objects {
    description
      "This grouping defines a selector for objects from a
       datastore.";
    choice selected-content {
      description
        "The source of the selection filter applied to the subscription.
        This will come either referenced from a global list, or be
        provided within the subscription itself.";

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      case by-reference {
        description
          "Incorporate a filter that has been configured separately.";
        leaf selection-filter-ref {
          type selection-filter-ref;
          mandatory true;
          description
            "References an existing selection filter which is to be
             applied to the subscription.";
        }
      }
      case within-subscription {
        description
          "Local definition allows a filter to have the same lifecycle
          as the subscription.";
        uses selection-filter-types;

      }
    }
  }

  grouping update-policy-modifiable {
    description
      "This grouping describes the datastore specific subscription
       conditions that can be changed during the lifetime of the
       subscription.";
    choice update-trigger {
      description
        "Defines necessary conditions for sending an event record to
         the subscriber.";
      case periodic {
        container periodic {
          presence "indicates an periodic subscription";
          description
            "The publisher is requested to notify periodically the
            current values of the datastore as defined by the selection
            filter.";
          leaf period {
            type yang:timeticks;
            mandatory true;
            description
              "Duration of time which should occur between periodic
               push updates.  Where the anchor-time is
               available, the push will include the objects and their
               values which exist at an exact multiple of timeticks
               aligning to this start-time anchor.";
          }
          leaf anchor-time {

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            type yang:date-and-time;
            description
              "Designates a timestamp before or after which a series of
               periodic push updates are determined. The next update
               will take place at a whole multiple interval from the
               anchor time.  For example, for an anchor time is set for
               the top of a particular minute and a period interval of a
               minute, updates will be sent at the top of every minute
               this subscription is active.";
          }
        }
      }
      case on-change {
        if-feature "on-change";
        container on-change {
          presence "indicates an on-change subscription";
        description
            "The publisher is requested to notify changes in values in
             the datastore subset as defined by a selection filter.";
          leaf dampening-period {
            type yang:timeticks;
            default 0;
            description
              "Specifies the minimum interval between the assembly of
                successive update records for a single receiver of a
              subscription. Whenever subscribed objects change, and a
              dampening period interval (which may be zero) has elapsed
              since the previous update record creation for a receiver,
              then any subscribed objects and properties which have
              changed since the previous update record will have their
              current values marshalled and placed into a new update
              record.";
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }

  grouping update-policy {
    description
      "This grouping describes the datastore specific subscription
       conditions of a subscription.";
    uses update-policy-modifiable {
      augment "update-trigger/on-change/on-change" {
        description
          "Includes objects not modifiable once subscription is
           established.";
        leaf no-synch-on-start {

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          type empty;
          description
            "The presence of this object restricts an on-change
             subscription from sending push-update notifications.  When
             present, pushing a full selection per the terms of the
             selection filter MUST NOT be done for this subscription.
             Only updates about changes, i.e. only push-change-update
             notifications are sent. When absent (default behavior),
             in order to facilitate a receiver's synchronization, a full
             update is sent when the subscription starts using a
             push-update notification, just like in the case of a
             periodic subscription.  After that, push-change-update
             notifications are exclusively sent unless the publisher
             chooses to resynch the subscription via a new push-update
             notification.";
        }
        leaf-list excluded-change {
          type change-type;
          description
            "Use to restrict which changes trigger an update.
             For example, if modify is excluded, only creation and
             deletion of objects is reported.";
        }
      }
    }
  }

  grouping hints {
    description
      "Parameters associated with some error on for a subscription made
      upon a datastore.";
    leaf period-hint {
      type yang:timeticks;
      description
        "Returned when the requested time period is too short. This
         hint can assert a viable period for either a periodic push
         cadence or an on-change dampening interval.";
    }
    leaf filter-failure-hint {
      type string;
        description
          "Information describing where and/or why a provided filter
           was unsupportable for a subscription.";
    }
    leaf object-count-estimate {
      type uint32;
      description
        "If there are too many objects which could potentially be

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         returned by the selection filter, this identifies the estimate
         of the number of objects which the filter would potentially
         pass.";
    }
    leaf object-count-limit {
      type uint32;
      description
        "If there are too many objects which could be returned by the
         selection filter, this identifies the upper limit of the
         publisher's ability to service for this subscription.";
    }
    leaf kilobytes-estimate {
      type uint32;
      description
        "If the returned information could be beyond the capacity of
         the publisher, this would identify the data size which could
         result from this selection filter.";
    }
    leaf kilobytes-limit {
      type uint32;
      description
        "If the returned information would be beyond the capacity of
         the publisher, this identifies the upper limit of the
         publisher's ability to service for this subscription.";
    }
  }

  /*
   * RPCs
   */

   rpc resynch-subscription {
    if-feature "on-change";
    description
      "This RPC allows a subscriber of an active on-change
       subscription to request a full push of objects in there current
       state. A successful result would be the set of YANG objects
       equivalent to a Get using the existing selection criteria. This
       request may only come from the same subscriber using the
       establish-subscription RPC.";
    input {
      leaf identifier {
        type sn:subscription-id;
        mandatory true;
        description
          "Identifier of the subscription that is to be resynched.";
      }

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    }
  }

  rc:yang-data resynch-subscription-error {
    container resynch-subscription-error {
      description
        "If a 'resynch-subscription' RPC fails, the subscription is not
        resynched and the RPC error response MUST indicate the reason
        for this failure. This yang-data MAY be inserted as structured
        data within a subscription's RPC error response to indicate the
        failure reason.";
      leaf reason {
        type identityref {
          base resynch-subscription-error;
        }
        mandatory true;
        description
          "Indicates the reason why the publisher has declined a request
          for subscription resynchronization.";
      }
      uses hints;
    }
  }

  augment "/sn:establish-subscription/sn:input" {
    description
      "This augmentation adds additional subscription parameters that
      apply specifically to datastore updates to RPC input.";
    uses update-policy;
  }

  augment "/sn:establish-subscription/sn:input/sn:target" {
    description
      "This augmentation adds the datastore as a valid parameter object
      for the subscription to RPC input.  This provides a target for
      the filter.";
    case datastore {
      description
        "Information specifying the parameters of an request for a
        datastore subscription.";
      uses datastore-criteria;
    }
  }

  rc:yang-data establish-subscription-error-datastore {
    container establish-subscription-error-datastore {
      description
        "If any 'establish-subscription' RPC parameters are

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        unsupportable against the datastore, a subscription is not
        created and the RPC error response MUST indicate the reason why
        the subscription failed to be created. This yang-data MAY be
        inserted as structured data within a subscription's RPC error
        response to indicate the failure reason.  This yang-data MUST be
        inserted if hints are to be provided back to the subscriber.";
      leaf reason {
        type identityref {
          base sn:establish-subscription-error;
        }
        description
          "Indicates the reason why the subscription has failed to
          be created to a targeted datastore.";
      }
      uses hints;
    }
  }

  augment "/sn:modify-subscription/sn:input" {
    description
      "This augmentation adds additional subscription parameters
       specific to datastore updates.";
    uses update-policy-modifiable;
  }

  augment "/sn:modify-subscription/sn:input/sn:target" {
    description
      "This augmentation adds the datastore as a valid parameter object
      for the subscription to RPC input.  This provides a target for
      the filter.";
    case datastore {
      description
        "Information specifying the parameters of an request for a
         datastore subscription.";
      uses selection-filter-objects;
    }
  }

  rc:yang-data modify-subscription-error-datastore {
    container modify-subscription-error-datastore {
      description
        "This yang-data MAY be provided as part of a subscription's RPC
        error response when there is a failure of a
        'modify-subscription' RPC which has been made against a
        datastore.  This yang-data MUST be used if hints are to be
        provides back to the subscriber.";
      leaf reason {
        type identityref {

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          base sn:modify-subscription-error;
        }
        description
          "Indicates the reason why the subscription has failed to
          be modified.";
      }
      uses hints;
    }
  }

  /*
   * NOTIFICATIONS
   */

  notification push-update {
    description
      "This notification contains a push update, containing data
       subscribed to via a subscription. This notification is sent for
       periodic updates, for a periodic subscription.  It can also be
       used for synchronization updates of an on-change subscription.
       This notification shall only be sent to receivers of a
       subscription; it does not constitute a general-purpose
       notification.";
    leaf subscription-id {
      type sn:subscription-id;
      description
        "This references the subscription which drove the notification
         to be sent.";
    }
    leaf updates-not-sent {
      type empty;
      description
        "This is a flag which indicates that not all datastore nodes
         subscribed to are included with this update. In other words,
         the publisher has failed to fulfill its full subscription
         obligations, and despite its best efforts is providing an
         incomplete set of objects.";
    }
    anydata datastore-contents {
      description
        "This contains the updated data.  It constitutes a snapshot
         at the time-of-update of the set of data that has been
         subscribed to.  The format and syntax of the data
         corresponds to the format and syntax of data that would be
         returned in a corresponding get operation with the same
         selection filter parameters applied.";
    }
  }

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  notification push-change-update {
    if-feature "on-change";
    description
      "This notification contains an on-change push update. This
       notification shall only be sent to the receivers of a
       subscription; it does not constitute a general-purpose
       notification.";
    leaf subscription-id {
      type sn:subscription-id;
      description
        "This references the subscription which drove the notification
         to be sent.";
    }
    leaf updates-not-sent {
      type empty;
      description
        "The presence of this object indicates not all changes which
         have occurred since the last update are included with this
         update.  In other words, the publisher has failed to
         fulfill its full subscription obligations, for example in
         cases where it was not able to keep up with a change burst.";
    }
    anydata datastore-changes {
      description
        "This contains the set of datastore changes needed
         to update a remote datastore starting at the time of the
         previous update, per the terms of the subscription.  Changes
         are encoded analogous to the syntax of a corresponding yang-
         patch operation, i.e. a yang-patch operation applied to the
         datastore implied by the previous update to result in the
         current state.";
      reference
        "RFC 8072 section 2.5, with a delta that it is ok to receive
         ability create on an existing node, or receive a delete on a
         missing node.";
    }
  }

  augment "/sn:subscription-started" {
    description
      "This augmentation adds many datastore specific objects to
       the notification that a subscription has started.";
    uses update-policy;
  }

  augment "/sn:subscription-started/sn:target" {
    description
      "This augmentation allows the datastore to be included as part

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       of the notification that a subscription has started.";
    case datastore {
       uses datastore-criteria {
          refine "selected-content/within-subscription" {
          description
            "Specifies where the selection filter, and where came from
            within the subscription and then populated within this
            notification. If the 'selection-filter-ref' is populated,
            the filter within the subscription came from the 'filters'
            container.  Otherwise it is populated in-line as part of the
            subscription itself.";
        }
      }
    }
  }

  augment "/sn:subscription-modified" {
    description
      "This augmentation adds many datastore specific objects to
       the notification that a subscription has been modified.";
    uses update-policy;
  }
  augment "/sn:subscription-modified/sn:target" {
    description
      "This augmentation allows the datastore to be included as part
      of the notification that a subscription has been modified.";
    case datastore {
       uses datastore-criteria {
          refine "selected-content/within-subscription" {
          description
            "Specifies where the selection filter, and where came from
            within the subscription and then populated within this
            notification. If the 'selection-filter-ref' is populated,
            the filter within the subscription came from the 'filters'
            container.  Otherwise it is populated in-line as part of the
            subscription itself.";
        }
      }
    }
  }

  /*
   * DATA NODES
   */

  augment "/sn:filters" {
    description
      "This augmentation allows the datastore to be included as part

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       of the selection filtering criteria for a subscription.";
    list selection-filter {
      key "identifier";
      description
        "A list of pre-positioned filters that can be applied
         to datastore subscriptions.";
      leaf identifier {
        type sn:filter-id;
        description
          "An identifier to differentiate between selection filters.";
      }
      uses selection-filter-types;
    }
  }

  augment "/sn:subscriptions/sn:subscription" {
    description
      "This augmentation adds many datastore specific objects to a
       subscription.";
    uses update-policy;
  }
  augment "/sn:subscriptions/sn:subscription/sn:target" {
    description
      "This augmentation allows the datastore to be included as part
      of the selection filtering criteria for a subscription.";
    case datastore {
       uses datastore-criteria;
    }
  }
}

<CODE ENDS>

6.  IANA Considerations

   This document registers the following namespace URI in the "IETF XML
   Registry" [RFC3688]:

   URI: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-yang-push
   Registrant Contact: The IESG.
   XML: N/A; the requested URI is an XML namespace.

   This document registers the following YANG module in the "YANG Module
   Names" registry [RFC6020]:

   Name: ietf-yang-push
   Namespace: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-yang-push

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   Prefix: yp
   Reference: draft-ietf-netconf-yang-push-12.txt (RFC form)

7.  Security Considerations

   All security considerations from
   [I-D.draft-ietf-netconf-subscribed-notifications] are relevant for
   datastores.  In addition there are specific security considerations
   for receivers defined in Section 3.9

   If the access control permissions on subscribed YANG nodes change
   during the lifecycle of a subscription, a publisher MUST either
   transparently conform to the new access control permissions, or must
   terminate or restart the subscriptions so that new access control
   permissions are re-established.

   The NETCONF Authorization Control Model SHOULD be used to restrict
   the delivery of YANG nodes for which the receiver has no access.

8.  Acknowledgments

   For their valuable comments, discussions, and feedback, we wish to
   acknowledge Tim Jenkins, Kent Watsen, Susan Hares, Yang Geng, Peipei
   Guo, Michael Scharf, Martin Bjorklund, and Guangying Zheng.

9.  References

9.1.  Normative References

   [I-D.draft-ietf-netconf-subscribed-notifications]
              Voit, E., Clemm, A., Gonzalez Prieto, A., Tripathy, A.,
              and E. Nilsen-Nygaard, "Custom Subscription to Event
              Streams", draft-ietf-netconf-subscribed-notifications-06
              (work in progress), January 2018.

   [I-D.draft-ietf-netmod-revised-datastores]
              Bjorklund, M., Schoenwaelder, J., Shafer, P., Watsen, K.,
              and R. Wilton, "Network Management Datastore
              Architecture", draft-ietf-netmod-revised-datastores-04
              (work in progress), August 2017.

   [RFC3688]  Mealling, M., "The IETF XML Registry", BCP 81, RFC 3688,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC3688, January 2004,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3688>.

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   [RFC6020]  Bjorklund, M., Ed., "YANG - A Data Modeling Language for
              the Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF)", RFC 6020,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC6020, October 2010,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6020>.

   [RFC6470]  Bierman, A., "Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF)
              Base Notifications", RFC 6470, DOI 10.17487/RFC6470,
              February 2012, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6470>.

   [RFC6536bis]
              Bierman, A. and M. Bjorklund, "Network Configuration
              Protocol (NETCONF) Access Control Model", draft-ietf-
              netconf-rfc6536bis-05 (work in progress), September 2017.

   [RFC7895]  Bierman, A., Bjorklund, M., and K. Watsen, "YANG Module
              Library", RFC 7895, DOI 10.17487/RFC7895, June 2016,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7895>.

   [RFC8072]  Bierman, A., Bjorklund, M., and K. Watsen, "YANG Patch
              Media Type", RFC 8072, DOI 10.17487/RFC8072, February
              2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8072>.

9.2.  Informative References

   [I-D.draft-ietf-netconf-netconf-event-notifications]
              Gonzalez Prieto, A., Clemm, A., Voit, E., Nilsen-Nygaard,
              E., and A. Tripathy, "NETCONF Support for Event
              Notifications", September 2017.

   [RFC5277]  Chisholm, S. and H. Trevino, "NETCONF Event
              Notifications", RFC 5277, DOI 10.17487/RFC5277, July 2008,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5277>.

   [RFC6241]  Enns, R., Ed., Bjorklund, M., Ed., Schoenwaelder, J., Ed.,
              and A. Bierman, Ed., "Network Configuration Protocol
              (NETCONF)", RFC 6241, DOI 10.17487/RFC6241, June 2011,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6241>.

   [RFC7223]  Bjorklund, M., "A YANG Data Model for Interface
              Management", RFC 7223, DOI 10.17487/RFC7223, May 2014,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7223>.

   [RFC7923]  Voit, E., Clemm, A., and A. Gonzalez Prieto, "Requirements
              for Subscription to YANG Datastores", RFC 7923,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC7923, June 2016,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7923>.

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   [RFC8040]  Bierman, A., Bjorklund, M., and K. Watsen, "RESTCONF
              Protocol", RFC 8040, DOI 10.17487/RFC8040, January 2017,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8040>.

Appendix A.  Appendix A: Subscription Errors

A.1.  RPC Failures

   Rejection of an RPC for any reason is indicated by via RPC error
   response from the publisher.  Valid RPC errors returned include both
   existing transport layer RPC error codes, such as those seen with
   NETCONF in [RFC6241], as well as subscription specific errors such as
   those defined within the YANG model.  As a result, how subscription
   errors are encoded within an RPC error response is transport
   dependent.

   References to specific identities within the either the subscribed-
   notifications YANG model or the yang-push YANG model may be returned
   as part of the error responses resulting from failed attempts at
   datastore subscription.  Following are valid errors per RPC (note:
   throughout this section the prefix 'sn' indicates an item imported
   from the subscribed-notifications.yang model):

   establish-subscription         modify-subscription
   ----------------------         -------------------
    cant-exclude                   sn:filter-unsupported
    datastore-not-subscribable     sn:insufficient-resources
    sn:dscp-unavailable            sn:no-such-subscription
    sn:filter-unsupported          period-unsupported
    sn:insufficient-resources      result-too-big
    on-change-unsupported          synchronization-size
    on-change-synch-unsupported    unchanging-selection
    period-unsupported
    result-too-big                resynch-subscription
    synchronization-size          --------------------
    unchanging-selection           no-such-subscription-resynch
                                   synchronization-size

   delete-subscription            kill-subscription
   ----------------------         -----------------
    sn:no-such-subscription        sn:no-such-subscription

   There is one final set of transport independent RPC error elements
   included in the YANG model.  These are the following four yang-data
   structures for failed datastore subscriptions:

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1. yang-data establish-subscription-error-datastore
This MUST be returned if an RPC error reason has not been placed
elsewhere within the transport portion of a failed "establish-
subscription" RPC response.   This MUST be sent if hints on how to
overcome the RPC error are included.

2. yang-data modify-subscription-error-datastore
This MUST be returned if an RPC error reason has not been placed
elsewhere within the transport portion of a failed "modify-subscription"
RPC response.   This MUST be sent if hints on how to overcome the RPC
error are included.

3. yang-data sn:delete-subscription-error
This MUST be returned if an RPC error reason has not been placed
elsewhere within the transport portion of a failed "delete-subscription"
or "kill-subscription" RPC response.

4. yang-data resynch-subscription-error
This MUST be returned if an RPC error reason has not been placed
elsewhere within the transport portion of a failed "resynch-
subscription" RPC response.

A.2.  Notifications of Failure

   A subscription may be unexpectedly terminated or suspended
   independent of any RPC or configuration operation.  In such cases,
   indications of such a failure MUST be provided.  To accomplish this,
   the following types of error identities may be returned within the
   corresponding subscription state change notification:

   subscription-terminated        subscription-suspended
   -----------------------        ----------------------
    datastore-not-subscribable     sn:insufficient-resources
    sn:filter-unavailable          period-unsupported
    sn:no-such-subscription        result-too-big
    sn:suspension-timeout          synchronization-size
    unchanging-selection

Appendix B.  Changes between revisions

   (To be removed by RFC editor prior to publication)

   v12 - v13

   o  Hint negotiation models now show error examples.

   o  yang-data structures for rpc errors.

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   v11 - v12

   o  Included Martin's review clarifications.

   o  QoS moved to subscribed-notifications

   o  time-of-update removed as it is redundant with RFC5277's
      eventTime, and other times from notification-messages.

   o  Error model moved to match existing implementations

   o  On-change notifiable removed, how to do this is implementation
      specific.

   o  NMDA model supported.  Non NMDA version at https://github.com/
      netconf-wg/yang-push/

   v10 - v11

   o  Promise model reference added.

   o  Error added for no-such-datastore

   o  Inherited changes from subscribed notifications (such as optional
      feature definitions).

   o  scrubbed the examples for proper encodings

   v09 - v10

   o  Returned to the explicit filter subtyping of v00-v05

   o  identityref to ds:datastore made explicit

   o  Returned ability to modify a selection filter via RPC.

   v08 - v09

   o  Minor tweaks cleaning up text, removing appendicies, and making
      reference to revised-datastores.

   o  Subscription-id optional in push updates, except when encoded in
      RFC5277, Section 4 one-way notification.

   o  Finished adding the text descibing the resynch subscription RPC.

   o  Removed relationships to other drafts and future technology
      appendicies as this work is being explored elsewhere.

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   o  Deferred the multi-line card issue to new drafts

   o  Simplified the NACM interactions.

   v07 - v08

   o  Updated YANG models with minor tweaks to accommodate changes of
      ietf-subscribed-notifications.

   v06 - v07

   o  Clarifying text tweaks.

   o  Clarification that filters act as selectors for subscribed
      datastore nodes; support for value filters not included but
      possible as a future extension

   o  Filters don't have to be matched to existing YANG objects

   v05 - v06

   o  Security considerations updated.

   o  Base YANG model in [subscribe] updated as part of move to
      identities, YANG augmentations in this doc matched up

   o  Terms refined and text updates throughout

   o  Appendix talking about relationship to other drafts added.

   o  Datastore replaces stream

   o  Definitions of filters improved

   v04 to v05

   o  Referenced based subscription document changed to Subscribed
      Notifications from 5277bis.

   o  Getting operational data from filters

   o  Extension notifiable-on-change added

   o  New appendix on potential futures.  Moved text into there from
      several drafts.

   o  Subscription configuration section now just includes changed
      parameters from Subscribed Notifications

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   o  Subscription monitoring moved into Subscribed Notifications

   o  New error and hint mechanisms included in text and in the yang
      model.

   o  Updated examples based on the error definitions

   o  Groupings updated for consistency

   o  Text updates throughout

   v03 to v04

   o  Updates-not-sent flag added

   o  Not notifiable extension added

   o  Dampening period is for whole subscription, not single objects

   o  Moved start/stop into rfc5277bis

   o  Client and Server changed to subscriber, publisher, and receiver

   o  Anchor time for periodic

   o  Message format for synchronization (i.e. synch-on-start)

   o  Material moved into 5277bis

   o  QoS parameters supported, by not allowed to be modified by RPC

   o  Text updates throughout

Authors' Addresses

   Alexander Clemm
   Huawei

   Email: ludwig@clemm.org

   Eric Voit
   Cisco Systems

   Email: evoit@cisco.com

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   Alberto Gonzalez Prieto
   VMware

   Email: agonzalezpri@vmware.com

   Ambika Prasad Tripathy
   Cisco Systems

   Email: ambtripa@cisco.com

   Einar Nilsen-Nygaard
   Cisco Systems

   Email: einarnn@cisco.com

   Andy Bierman
   YumaWorks

   Email: andy@yumaworks.com

   Balazs Lengyel
   Ericsson

   Email: balazs.lengyel@ericsson.com

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