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NSDB Protocol for Federated Filesystems
draft-ietf-nfsv4-federated-fs-protocol-12

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This is an older version of an Internet-Draft that was ultimately published as RFC 7532.
Authors James Lentini , Craig Everhart , Daniel Ellard , Renu Tewari , Manoj Naik
Last updated 2012-06-13 (Latest revision 2012-05-25)
Replaces draft-tewari-nfsv4-federated-fs-protocol
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Send notices to nfsv4-chairs@tools.ietf.org, draft-ietf-nfsv4-federated-fs-protocol@tools.ietf.org
draft-ietf-nfsv4-federated-fs-protocol-12
NFSv4 Working Group                                           J. Lentini
Internet-Draft                                               C. Everhart
Intended status: Standards Track                                  NetApp
Expires: November 25, 2012                                     D. Ellard
                                               Raytheon BBN Technologies
                                                               R. Tewari
                                                                 M. Naik
                                                             IBM Almaden
                                                            May 24, 2012

                NSDB Protocol for Federated Filesystems
               draft-ietf-nfsv4-federated-fs-protocol-12

Abstract

   This document describes a filesystem federation protocol that enables
   file access and namespace traversal across collections of
   independently administered fileservers.  The protocol specifies a set
   of interfaces by which fileservers with different administrators can
   form a fileserver federation that provides a namespace composed of
   the filesystems physically hosted on and exported by the constituent
   fileservers.

Requirements Language

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].

Status of this Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on November 25, 2012.

Copyright Notice

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   Copyright (c) 2012 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
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   described in the Simplified BSD License.

   This document may contain material from IETF Documents or IETF
   Contributions published or made publicly available before November
   10, 2008.  The person(s) controlling the copyright in some of this
   material may not have granted the IETF Trust the right to allow
   modifications of such material outside the IETF Standards Process.
   Without obtaining an adequate license from the person(s) controlling
   the copyright in such materials, this document may not be modified
   outside the IETF Standards Process, and derivative works of it may
   not be created outside the IETF Standards Process, except to format
   it for publication as an RFC or to translate it into languages other
   than English.

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Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5
   2.  Overview of Features and Concepts  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
     2.1.  File-access Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
     2.2.  File-access Client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
     2.3.  Fileserver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
     2.4.  Referral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
     2.5.  Namespace  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
     2.6.  Fileset  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
     2.7.  Fileset Name (FSN) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
     2.8.  Fileset Location (FSL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
       2.8.1.  Mutual Consistency across Fileset Locations  . . . . .  8
       2.8.2.  Caching of Fileset Locations . . . . . . . . . . . . .  9
       2.8.3.  Generating A Referral from Fileset Locations . . . . .  9
     2.9.  Namespace Database (NSDB)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
     2.10. Mount Points, Junctions and Referrals  . . . . . . . . . . 11
     2.11. Unified Namespace and the Root Fileset . . . . . . . . . . 12
   3.  Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
     3.1.  Creating a Fileset and its FSL(s)  . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
       3.1.1.  Creating a Fileset and an FSN  . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
       3.1.2.  Adding a Replica of a Fileset  . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
     3.2.  Junction Resolution  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
     3.3.  Example Use Cases for Fileset Annotations  . . . . . . . . 14
   4.  NSDB Configuration and Schema  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
     4.1.  LDAP Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
     4.2.  LDAP Schema  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
       4.2.1.  LDAP Attributes  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
       4.2.2.  LDAP Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
   5.  NSDB Operations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
     5.1.  NSDB Operations for Administrators . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
       5.1.1.  Create an FSN  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
       5.1.2.  Delete an FSN  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
       5.1.3.  Create an FSL  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
       5.1.4.  Delete an FSL  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
       5.1.5.  Update an FSL  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
     5.2.  NSDB Operations for Fileservers  . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
       5.2.1.  NSDB Container Entry (NCE) Enumeration . . . . . . . . 48
       5.2.2.  Lookup FSLs for an FSN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
     5.3.  NSDB Operations and LDAP Referrals . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
   6.  Security Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
   7.  IANA Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
     7.1.  Registry for the fedfsAnnotation Key Namespace . . . . . . 51
     7.2.  Registry for FedFS Object Identifiers  . . . . . . . . . . 51
     7.3.  LDAP Descriptor Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
   8.  Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
   9.  References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
     9.1.  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

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     9.2.  Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
   Appendix A.  Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
   Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

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1.  Introduction

   A federated filesystem enables file access and namespace traversal in
   a uniform, secure and consistent manner across multiple independent
   fileservers within an enterprise or across multiple enterprises.

   This document specifies a set of protocols that allow fileservers,
   possibly from different vendors and with different administrators, to
   cooperatively form a federation containing one or more federated
   filesystems.  Each federated filesystem's namespace is composed of
   the filesystems physically hosted on and exported by the federation's
   fileservers.  A federation MAY contain a common namespace across all
   its fileservers.  A federation MAY project multiple namespaces and
   enable clients to traverse each one.  A federation MAY contain an
   arbitrary number of namespace repositories, each belonging to a
   different administrative entity, and each rendering a part of the
   namespace.  A federation MAY also have an arbitrary number of
   administrative entities responsible for administering disjoint
   subsets of the fileservers.

   Traditionally, building a namespace that spans multiple fileservers
   has been difficult for two reasons.  First, the fileservers that
   export pieces of the namespace are often not in the same
   administrative domain.  Second, there is no standard mechanism for
   the fileservers to cooperatively present the namespace.  Fileservers
   may provide proprietary management tools and in some cases an
   administrator may be able to use the proprietary tools to build a
   shared namespace out of the exported filesystems.  However, relying
   on vendor-specific proprietary tools does not work in larger
   enterprises or when collaborating across enterprises because the
   fileservers are likely to be from multiple vendors or use different
   software versions, each with their own namespace protocols, with no
   common mechanism to manage the namespace or exchange namespace
   information.

   The federated filesystem protocols in this document define how to
   construct a namespace accessible by an NFSv4 [3530bis] or NFSv4.1
   [RFC5661] client and have been designed to accommodate other file
   access protocols in the future.

   The requirements for federated filesystems are described in
   [RFC5716].  A protocol for administering a fileserver's namespace is
   described in [FEDFS-ADMIN].  The mechanism for discovering the root
   of an NFSv4 namespace is described in [FEDFS-DNS-SRV].

   In the rest of the document, the term fileserver denotes a fileserver
   that is part of a federation.

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2.  Overview of Features and Concepts

2.1.  File-access Protocol

   A file-access protocol is a network protocol for accessing data.  The
   NFSv4 protocol and the NFSv4.1 protocol are both examples of a file-
   access protocol.

2.2.  File-access Client

   File-access clients are standard off-the-shelf network attached
   storage (NAS) clients that communicate with fileservers using the
   NFSv4 protocol, the NFSv4.1 protocol, or some other file-access
   protocol.

2.3.  Fileserver

   Fileservers are servers that store the physical fileset data or refer
   the client to other fileservers.  A fileserver can be implemented in
   a number of different ways, including a single system, a cluster of
   systems, or some other configuration.  A fileserver provides access
   to a federated filesystem via NFSv4, NFSv4.1, or some other file-
   access protocol.

2.4.  Referral

   A referral is a mechanism by which a fileserver redirects a file-
   access protocol client to a different fileserver.  The exact
   information contained in a referral varies from one file-access
   protocol to another.  The NFSv4 protocol defines the fs_locations
   attribute for referral information.  The NFSv4.1 protocol defines the
   fs_locations_info attribute for referral information.

2.5.  Namespace

   The goal of a unified namespace is to make all managed data available
   to all clients via the same path in a common filesystem-like
   namespace.  This should be achieved with minimal or zero client
   configuration.  In particular, updates to the common namespace should
   not require configuration changes at the client.  Filesets, which are
   the unit of data management, are a set of files and directories.
   From the perspective of the clients, the common namespace is
   constructed by mounting filesets that are physically located on
   different fileservers.  The namespace, which is defined in terms of
   fileset definitions, fileset identifiers, the location of each
   fileset in the namespace, and the physical location of the
   implementation(s) of each fileset, is stored in a set of namespace
   repositories, each managed by an administrative entity.  The

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   namespace schema defines the model used for populating, modifying,
   and querying the namespace repositories.  It is not required by the
   federation that the namespace be common across all fileservers.  It
   should be possible to have several independently rooted namespaces.

2.6.  Fileset

   A fileset is defined to be a container of data and is the basic unit
   of data management.  Depending on the configuration, they may be
   anything between an individual directory of an exported filesystem to
   an entire exported filesystem at a fileserver.

2.7.  Fileset Name (FSN)

   A fileset is uniquely represented by its fileset name (FSN).  An FSN
   is considered unique across the federation.  After an FSN is created,
   it is associated with one or more fileset locations (FSLs) on a
   fileserver.

   The attributes of an FSN are:

      NsdbName:  the network location of the NSDB node that contains
         authoritative information for this FSN.

      FsnUuid:  a 128-bit UUID (universally unique identifier),
         conforming to [RFC4122], that is used to uniquely identify an
         FSN.

2.8.  Fileset Location (FSL)

   An FSL describes the location where the fileset data resides.  An FSL
   contains generic and type specific information which together
   describe how to access the fileset.  An FSL's type indicates which
   protocol(s) may be used to access its data.  An FSL's attributes can
   be used by a fileserver to decide which locations it will return to a
   client.

   All FSLs have the following attributes:

      FslUuid:  a 128-bit UUID, conforming to [RFC4122], that is used to
         uniquely identify an FSL.

      FsnUuid:  the 128-bit UUID of the FSL's FSN.

      NsdbName:  the network location of the NSDB node that contains
         authoritative information for this FSL.

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      FslHost:  the network location of the host fileserver storing the
         physical data

      FslTTL:  the time in seconds during which the FSL may be cached

      Annotations:  optional name/value pairs that can be interpreted by
         a fileserver.  The semantics of this field are not defined by
         this document.  These tuples are intended to be used by higher-
         level protocols.

      Descriptions:  optional text descriptions.  The semantics of this
         field are not defined by this document.

   This document defines an FSL subtype for NFS.  An NFS FSL contains
   information suitable for use in an NFSv4 fs_locations [3530bis] or
   NFSv4.1 fs_locations_info attribute [RFC5661].

   A fileset MAY be accessible by protocols other than NFS.  For each
   such protocol, a corresponding FSL subtype SHOULD be defined.  The
   contents and format of such FSL subtypes are not defined in this
   document.

2.8.1.  Mutual Consistency across Fileset Locations

   All of the FSLs that have the same FSN (and thereby reference the
   same fileset) are equivalent from the point of view of client access;
   the different locations of a fileset represent the same data, though
   potentially at different points in time.  Fileset locations are
   equivalent but not identical.  Locations may either be read-only or
   read-write.  Typically, multiple read-write locations are backed by a
   clustered filesystem while read-only locations are replicas created
   by a federation-initiated or external replication operation.  Read-
   only locations may represent consistent point-in-time copies of a
   read-write location.  The federation protocols, however, cannot
   prevent subsequent changes to a read-only location nor guarantee
   point-in-time consistency of a read-only location if the read-write
   location is changing.

   Regardless of the type, all locations exist at the same mount point
   in the namespace and, thus, one client may be referred to one
   location while another is directed to a different location.  Since
   updates to each fileset location are not controlled by the federation
   protocol, it is the responsibility of administrators to guarantee the
   functional equivalence of the data.

   The federation protocol does not guarantee that the different
   locations are mutually consistent in terms of the currency of the
   data.  It relies on the client file-access protocol (e.g., NFSv4) to

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   contain sufficient information to help the clients determine the
   currency of the data at each location in order to ensure that the
   clients do not revert back in time when switching locations.

2.8.2.  Caching of Fileset Locations

   To resolve an FSN to a set of FSL records, the fileserver queries the
   appropriate NSDB for the FSL records.  A fileserver MAY cache these
   FSL records for a limited period of time.  The period of time, if
   any, during which FSL records MAY be cached is indicated by the FSL's
   TTL field.

   The combination of FSL caching and FSL migration presents a
   challenge.  For example, suppose there are three fileservers named A,
   B, and C and fileserver A contains a junction to fileset X stored on
   fileserver B. Now suppose that fileset X is migrated from fileserver
   B to fileserver C and the corresponding FSL information for fileset X
   in the appropriate NSDB is updated.  If fileserver A has a cached FSL
   for fileset X, a user traversing the junction on fileserver A will be
   referred to fileserver B even though fileset X has migrated to
   fileserver C. If fileserver A had not cached the FSL record, it would
   have queried the NSDB and obtained the correct location of fileset X.

   Administrators are advised to be aware of FSL caching when performing
   a migration.  When migrating a fileset, administrators SHOULD create
   a junction at the fileset's old location referring back to the NSDB
   entry for the fileset.  This junction will redirect any users who
   follow stale FSL information to the correct location.  Thus, in the
   above example, fileserver A would direct clients to fileserver B, but
   fileserver B would in turn direct clients to fileserver C.

   Such supplemental junctions (on fileserver B in the example) would
   not be required to be in place forever.  They need to stay in place
   only until cached FSL entries for the target fileset are invalidated.
   Each FSL contains a TTL field, a count in seconds of the time
   interval the FSL MAY be cached.  This is an upper bound for the
   lifetime of the cached information and a lower bound for the lifetime
   of the supplemental junctions.  For example, suppose this field
   contains the value 3600 seconds (one hour).  In such a case,
   administrators MUST keep the supplemental junctions in place for at
   least one hour after the fileset move has taken place, and FSL data
   MUST NOT be cached by a referring fileserver for more than one hour
   without a refresh.

2.8.3.  Generating A Referral from Fileset Locations

   After resolving an FSN to a set of FSL records, the fileserver can
   generate a referral to redirect the client to one or more of the

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   FSLs.  The fileserver will convert the FSL records to a referral
   format understood by the client, such as an NFSv4 fs_locations
   attribute or NFSv4.1 fs_locations_info attribute.

   In order to give the client as many options as possible, the
   fileserver SHOULD include the maximum possible number of FSL records
   in a referral.  However, the fileserver MAY omit some of the FSL
   records from the referral.  For example, the fileserver might omit an
   FSL record with a different file access protocol from the one in use
   between the fileserver and client, or the fileserver might omit an
   FSL record because of limitations in the file access protocol's
   referral format, or the fileserver might omit an FSL record based on
   some other criteria.

   For a given FSL record, the fileserver MAY convert or reduce the FSL
   record's contents in a manner appropriate to the referral format.
   For example, an NFS FSL record contains all the data necessary to
   construct an NFSv4.1 fs_locations_info attribute, but an NFSv4.1
   fs_locations_info attribute contains several pieces of information
   that are not found in an NFSv4 fs_locations attribute.  A fileserver
   will construct entries in an NFSv4 fs_locations attribute using the
   relevant contents of an NFS FSL record.  Whenever the fileserver
   converts or reduces FSL data, the fileserver SHOULD attempt to
   maintain the original meaning where possible.  For example, an NFS
   FSL record contains the rank and order information that is included
   in an NFSv4.1 fs_locations_info attribute (see NFSv4.1's
   FSLI4BX_READRANK, FSLI4BX_READORDER, FSLI4BX_WRITERANK, and
   FSLI4BX_WRITEORDER).  While this rank and order information is not
   explicitly expressible in an NFSv4 fs_locations attribute, the
   fileserver can arrange the NFSv4 fs_locations attribute's locations
   list base on the rank and order values.

2.9.  Namespace Database (NSDB)

   The NSDB service is a federation-wide service that provides
   interfaces to define, update, and query FSN information, FSL
   information, and FSN to FSL mapping information.  An individual
   repository of namespace information is called an NSDB node.  Each
   NSDB node is managed by a single administrative entity.  A single
   admin entity can manage multiple NSDB nodes.

   The difference between the NSDB service and an NSDB node is analogous
   to that between the DNS service and a particular DNS server.

   Each NSDB node stores the definition of the FSNs for which it is
   authoritative.  It also stores the definitions of the FSLs associated
   with those FSNs.  An NSDB node is authoritative for the filesets that
   it defines.  An NSDB node can cache information from a peer NSDB

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   node.  The fileserver can always contact a local NSDB node (if it has
   been defined) or directly contact any NSDB node to resolve a
   junction.  Each NSDB node supports an LDAP [RFC4510] interface and
   can be accessed by an LDAP client.

   An NSDB MAY be replicated throughout the federation.  If an NSDB is
   replicated, the NSDB MUST exhibit loose, converging consistency as
   defined in [RFC3254].  The mechanism by which this is achieved is
   outside the scope of this document.  Many LDAP implementations
   support replication.  These features MAY be used to replicate the
   NSDB.

2.10.  Mount Points, Junctions and Referrals

   A mount point is a directory in a parent fileset where a target
   fileset may be attached.  If a client traverses the path leading from
   the root of the namespace to the mount point of a target fileset it
   should be able to access the data in that target fileset (assuming
   appropriate permissions).

   The directory where a fileset is mounted is represented by a junction
   in the underlying filesystem.  In other words, a junction can be
   viewed as a reference from a directory in one fileset to the root of
   the target fileset.  A junction can be implemented as a special
   marker on a directory that is interpreted by the fileserver as a
   mount point, or by some other mechanism in the underlying filesystem.

   What data is used by the underlying filesystem to represent the
   junction is not defined by this protocol.  The essential property is
   that the server must be able to find, given the junction, the FSN for
   the target fileset.  The mechanism by which the server maps a
   junction to an FSN is outside the scope of this document.  The FSN
   (as described earlier) contains the authoritative NSDB node, the
   optional NSDB search base if one is defined, and the FsnUuid (a UUID
   for the fileset).

   When a client traversal reaches a junction, the client is referred to
   a list of FSLs associated with the FSN targeted by the junction.  The
   client can then redirect its connection to one of the FSLs.  This act
   is called a referral.  For NFSv4 and NFSv4.1 clients, the FSL
   information is returned in the fs_locations and fs_locations_info
   attributes respectively.

   The federation protocols do not limit where and how many times a
   fileset is mounted in the namespace.  Filesets can be nested; a
   fileset can be mounted under another fileset.

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2.11.  Unified Namespace and the Root Fileset

   The root fileset, when defined, is the top-level fileset of the
   federation-wide namespace.  The root of the unified namespace is the
   top level directory of this fileset.  A set of designated fileservers
   in the federation can export the root fileset to render the
   federation-wide unified namespace.  When a client mounts the root
   fileset from any of these designated fileservers it can view a common
   federation-wide namespace.  The root fileset could be implemented
   either as an exported NFS file system or as data in the NSDB itself.
   The properties and schema definition of an NSDB-based root fileset
   and the protocol details that describe how to configure and replicate
   the root fileset are not defined in this document.

3.  Examples

   In this section we provide examples and discussion of the basic
   operations facilitated by the federated filesystem protocol: creating
   a fileset, adding a replica of a fileset, resolving a junction, and
   creating a junction.

3.1.  Creating a Fileset and its FSL(s)

   A fileset is the abstraction of a set of files and the directory tree
   that contains them.  The fileset abstraction is the fundamental unit
   of data management in the federation.  This abstraction is
   implemented by an actual directory tree whose root location is
   specified by a fileset location (FSL).

   In this section, we describe the basic requirements for starting with
   a directory tree and creating a fileset that can be used in the
   federation protocols.  Note that we do not assume that the process of
   creating a fileset requires any transformation of the files or the
   directory hierarchy.  The only thing that is required by this process
   is assigning the fileset a fileset name (FSN) and expressing the
   location of the implementation of the fileset as an FSL.

   There are many possible variations to this procedure, depending on
   how the FSN that binds the FSL is created, and whether other replicas
   of the fileset exist, are known to the federation, and need to be
   bound to the same FSN.

   It is easiest to describe this in terms of how to create the initial
   implementation of the fileset, and then describe how to add replicas.

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3.1.1.  Creating a Fileset and an FSN

   1.  Choose the NSDB node that will keep track of the FSL(s) and
       related information for the fileset.

   2.  Create an FSN in the NSDB node.

       The FSN UUID is chosen by the administrator or generated
       automatically by administration software.  The former case is
       used if the fileset is being restored, perhaps as part of
       disaster recovery, and the administrator wishes to specify the
       FSN UUID in order to permit existing junctions that reference
       that FSN to work again.

       At this point, the FSN exists, but its fileset locations are
       unspecified.

   3.  For the FSN created above, create an FSL with the appropriate
       information in the NSDB node.

3.1.2.  Adding a Replica of a Fileset

   Adding a replica is straightforward: the NSDB node and the FSN are
   already known.  The only remaining step is to add another FSL.

   Note that the federation protocols only provide the mechanisms to
   register and unregister replicas of a fileset.  Fileserver-to-
   fileserver replication protocols are not defined.

3.2.  Junction Resolution

   A fileset may contain references to other filesets.  These references
   are represented by junctions.  If a client requests access to a
   fileset object that is a junction, the fileserver resolves the
   junction to discover one or more FSLs that implement the referenced
   fileset.

   There are many possible variations to this procedure, depending on
   how the junctions are represented by the fileserver and how the
   fileserver performs junction resolution.

   Step 4 is the only step that interacts directly with the federation
   protocols.  The rest of the steps may use platform-specific
   interfaces.

   1.  The fileserver determines that the object being accessed is a
       junction.

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   2.  The fileserver does a local lookup to find the FSN of the target
       fileset.

   3.  Using the FSN, the fileserver finds the NSDB node responsible for
       the target FSN.

   4.  The fileserver contacts that NSDB node and asks for the set of
       FSLs that implement the target FSN.  The NSDB node responds with
       a (possibly empty) set of FSLs.

   5.  The fileserver converts one or more of the FSLs to the location
       type used by the client (e.g., a Network File System (NFSv4)
       fs_location, as described in [3530bis]).

   6.  The fileserver redirects (in whatever manner is appropriate for
       the client) the client to the location(s).

3.3.  Example Use Cases for Fileset Annotations

   Fileset annotations MAY be used to convey additional attributes of a
   fileset

   For example, fileset annotations can be used to define relationships
   between filesets that can be used by an auxiliary replication
   protocol.  Consider the scenario where a fileset is created and
   mounted at some point in the namespace.  A snapshot of the read-write
   FSL of that fileset is taken periodically at different frequencies
   say a daily snapshot or a weekly snapshot.  The different snapshots
   are mounted at different locations in the namespace.  The daily
   snapshots are considered as a different fileset from the weekly ones
   but both are related to the source fileset.  For this we can define
   an annotation labeling the filesets as source and replica.  The
   replication protocol can use this information to copy data from one
   or more FSLs of the source fileset to all the FSLs of the replica
   fileset.  The replica filesets are read-only while the source fileset
   is read-write.

   This follows the traditional Andrew File System (AFS) model of
   mounting the read-only volume at a path in the namespace different
   from that of the read-write volume [AFS].

   The federation protocol does not control or manage the relationship
   among filesets.  It merely enables annotating the filesets with user-
   defined relationships.

   Another potential use for annotations is recording references to an
   FSN.  A single annotation containing the number of references could
   be defined or multiple annotations, one per reference, could be used

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   to store detailed information on the location of each reference.  As
   with the replication annotation described above, the maintenance of
   reference information would not be controlled by the federation
   protocol.  The information would mostly likely be non-authoritative
   because the the ability to create a junction does not require the
   authority to update the FSN record.  In any event, such annotations
   could be useful to administrators for determining if an FSN is
   referenced by a junction.

4.  NSDB Configuration and Schema

   This section describes how an NSDB is constructed using an LDAP
   Version 3 [RFC4510] Directory.  Section 4.1 describes the basic
   properties of the LDAP configuration that MUST be used in order to
   ensure compatibility between different implementations.  Section 4.2
   defines the new LDAP attribute types, the new object types, and
   specifies how the distinguished name (DN) of each object instance
   MUST be constructed.

4.1.  LDAP Configuration

   An NSDB is constructed using an LDAP Directory.  This LDAP Directory
   MAY have multiple naming contexts.  For each naming context, the LDAP
   Directory's root DSE will have a namingContext attribute.  Each
   namingContext attribute contains the DN of the naming context's root
   entry.  For each naming context that contains federation entries
   (e.g.  FSNs and FSLs):

   1.  There MUST be an LDAP entry that is superior to all of the naming
       context's federation entries in the Directory Information Tree
       (DIT) This entry is termed the NSDB Container Entry (NCE).  The
       NCE's children are FSNs.  An FSNs children are FSLs.

   2.  The naming context's root entry MUST include the
       fedfsNsdbContainerInfo (defined below) as one of its object
       classes.  The fedfsNsdbContainerInfo's fedfsNcePrefix attribute
       is used to locate the naming context's NCE.

   If a naming context does not contain federation entries, it will not
   contain an NCE and its root entry will not include a
   fedfsNsdbContainerInfo as one of its object classes.

   A fedfsNsdbContainerInfo's fedfsNcePrefix attribute contains a
   string.  Prepending this string to the namingContext value produces
   the Distinguished Name (DN) of the NSDB Container Entry.  An empty
   fedfsNcePrefix string value indicates that the NSDB Container Entry
   is the namingContext's root entry.

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   For example, an LDAP directory might have the following entries:

           -+ [root DSE]
            |  namingContext: o=fedfs
            |  namingContext: dc=example,dc=com
            |  namingContext: ou=system
            |
            |
            +---- [o=fedfs]
            |      fedfsNcePrefix:
            |
            |
            +---- [dc=example,dc=com]
            |      fedfsNcePrefix: ou=fedfs,ou=corp-it
            |
            |
            +---- [ou=system]

   In this case, the o=fedfs namingContext has an NSBD Container Entry
   at o=fedfs, the dc=example,dc=com namingContext has an NSDB Container
   Entry at ou=fedfs,ou=corp-it,dc=example,dc=com, and the ou=system
   namingContext has no NSDB Container Entry.

   The NSDB SHOULD be configured with one or more privileged LDAP users.
   These users are able to modify the contents of the LDAP database.  An
   administrator that performs the operations described in Section 5.1
   SHOULD authenticate using the DN of a privileged LDAP user.

   It MUST be possible for an unprivileged (unauthenticated) user to
   perform LDAP queries that access the NSDB data.  A fileserver
   performs the operations described in Section 5.2 as an unprivileged
   user.

   All implementations SHOULD use the same schema, or, at minimum, a
   schema that includes all of the objects, with each of the attributes,
   named in the following sections.

   Given the above configuration guidelines, an NSDB SHOULD be
   constructed using a dedicated LDAP directory.  Separate LDAP
   directories are RECOMMENDED for other purposes, such as storing user
   account information.  By using an LDAP directory dedicated to storing
   NSDB records, there is no need to disturb the configuration of any
   other LDAP directories that store information unrelated to an NSDB.

4.2.  LDAP Schema

   The schema definitions provided in this document use the LDAP schema
   syntax defined in [RFC4512].  The definitions are formatted to allow

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   the reader to easily extract them from the document.  The reader can
   use the following shell script to extract the definitions:

           <CODE BEGINS>

           #!/bin/sh
           grep '^ *///' | sed 's?^ */// ??' | sed 's?^ *///$??'

           <CODE ENDS>

   If the above script is stored in a file called "extract.sh", and this
   document is in a file called "spec.txt", then the reader can do:

           <CODE BEGINS>

           sh extract.sh < spec.txt > fedfs.schema

           <CODE ENDS>

   The effect of the script is to remove leading white space from each
   line, plus a sentinel sequence of "///".

   As stated above, code components extracted from this document must
   include the following license:

   <CODE BEGINS>

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     /// #
     /// # Copyright (c) 2010 IETF Trust and the persons identified
     /// # as authors of the code.  All rights reserved.
     /// #
     /// # The authors of the code are the authors of
     /// # [draft-ietf-nfsv4-federated-fs-protocol-xx.txt]: J. Lentini,
     /// # C. Everhart, D. Ellard, R. Tewari, and M. Naik.
     /// #
     /// # Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with
     /// # or without modification, are permitted provided that the
     /// # following conditions are met:
     /// #
     /// # - Redistributions of source code must retain the above
     /// #   copyright notice, this list of conditions and the
     /// #   following disclaimer.
     /// #
     /// # - Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
     /// #   copyright notice, this list of conditions and the
     /// #   following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other
     /// #   materials provided with the distribution.
     /// #
     /// # - Neither the name of Internet Society, IETF or IETF
     /// #   Trust, nor the names of specific contributors, may be
     /// #   used to endorse or promote products derived from this
     /// #   software without specific prior written permission.
     /// #
     /// #   THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
     /// #   AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
     /// #   WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
     /// #   IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
     /// #   FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO
     /// #   EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
     /// #   LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
     /// #   EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
     /// #   NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
     /// #   SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
     /// #   INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
     /// #   LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
     /// #   OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
     /// #   IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF
     /// #   ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
     /// #

   <CODE ENDS>

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4.2.1.  LDAP Attributes

   This section describes the required attributes of the NSDB LDAP
   schema.  The following definitions are used below:

   o  The "name" attribute described in [RFC4519].

   o  The Integer syntax (1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.27) described in
      [RFC4517].

   o  The "integerMatch" rule described in [RFC4517].

   o  The Octet String syntax (1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.40) described
      in [RFC4517].

   o  The "octetStringMatch" rule described in [RFC4517].

   o  The Boolean syntax (1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.7) described in
      [RFC4517].

   o  The "booleanMatch" rule described in [RFC4517].

   o  The "distinguishedNameMatch" rule described in [RFC4517].

   o  The DN syntax (1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.12) described in
      [RFC4517].

4.2.1.1.  fedfsUuid

   A fedfsUuid is the base type for all of the universally unique
   identifiers (UUIDs) used by the federated filesystem protocols.

   To minimize the probability of two UUIDs colliding, a consistent
   procedure for generating UUIDs SHOULD be used throughout a
   federation.  Within a federation, UUIDs SHOULD be generated using the
   procedure described for version 1 of the UUID variant specified in
   [RFC4122].  This is the time-based UUID variant provided by many UUID
   programming libraries (e.g., the OSF DCE uuid_generate_time(1) API).

   The UUID's text representation (as defined in [RFC4122]) SHOULD be
   encoded as a UTF-8 string.

   A fedfsUuid is a single-valued LDAP attribute.

   <CODE BEGINS>

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           ///
           /// attributetype (
           ///     1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.1 NAME 'fedfsUuid'
           ///     DESC 'A UUID used by NSDB'
           ///     SUP name
           ///     SINGLE-VALUE
           ///     )
           ///

   <CODE ENDS>

4.2.1.2.  fedfsNetAddr

   A fedfsNetAddr is the locative name of a network service in either
   IPv4, IPv6, or DNS name notation.  It MUST be a UTF-8 string and
   SHOULD be prepared using the server4 rules defined in Chapter 12
   "Internationalization" of [3530bis].

   An IPv4 address MUST be represented using the standard dotted decimal
   format defined by the IPv4address rule in Section 3.2.2 of RFC 3986
   [RFC3986].  An IPv6 address MUST be represented using the format
   defined in Section 2.2 of RFC 4291 [RFC4291].

   A DNS name MUST be represented using a fully qualified domain name.
   A system (i.e. fileserver or administrative host) SHOULD resolve the
   fully qualified domain name to a network address using the system's
   standard resolution mechanisms.

   This attribute is single-valued.

   <CODE BEGINS>

           ///
           /// attributetype (
           ///     1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.2 NAME 'fedfsNetAddr'
           ///     DESC 'The network name of a host or service'
           ///     SUP name
           ///     SINGLE-VALUE
           ///     )
           ///

   <CODE ENDS>

4.2.1.3.  fedfsNetPort

   A fedfsNetPort is the decimal representation of a transport service's
   port number.  A fedfsNetPort MUST be encoded as an Integer syntax
   value [RFC4517].

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   This attribute is single-valued.

   <CODE BEGINS>

           ///
           /// attributetype (
           ///     1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.3 NAME 'fedfsNetPort'
           ///     DESC 'A transport port number of a service'
           ///     EQUALITY integerMatch
           ///     SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.27
           ///     SINGLE-VALUE
           ///     )
           ///

   <CODE ENDS>

4.2.1.4.  fedfsFsnUuid

   A fedfsFsnUuid represents the UUID component of an FSN.  An NSDB
   SHOULD ensure that no two FSNs it stores have the same fedfsFsnUuid.

   The fedfsFsnUuid is a subclass of fedfsUuid, with the same encoding
   rules.

   This attribute is single-valued.

   <CODE BEGINS>

           ///
           /// attributetype (
           ///     1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.4 NAME 'fedfsFsnUuid'
           ///     DESC 'The FSN UUID component of an FSN'
           ///     SUP fedfsUuid
           ///     SINGLE-VALUE
           ///     )
           ///

   <CODE ENDS>

4.2.1.5.  fedfsNsdbName

   A fedfsNsdbName is the NSDB component of an FSN.

   It MUST be a UTF-8 string containing a DNS name.  The DNS name MUST
   be represented using a fully qualified domain name.  A system (i.e.
   fileserver or administrative host) SHOULD resolve the fully qualified
   domain name to a network address using the system's standard
   resolution mechanisms.

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   FSNs are immutable and invariant.  The attributes of an FSN,
   including the fedfsNsdbName, are expected to remain constant.
   Therefore, a fedfsNsdbName SHOULD NOT contain a network address, such
   as an IPv4 or IPv6 address, as this would indefinitely assign the
   network address.

   This attribute is single-valued.

   <CODE BEGINS>

           ///
           /// attributetype (
           ///     1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.5 NAME 'fedfsNsdbName'
           ///     DESC 'The NSDB node component of an FSN'
           ///     SUP name
           ///     SINGLE-VALUE
           ///     )
           ///

   <CODE ENDS>

4.2.1.6.  fedfsNsdbPort

   A fedfsNsdbPort is the decimal representation of an NSDB's port
   number.  The fedfsNsdbPort attribute is a subclass of fedfsNetPort,
   with the same encoding rules.

   This attribute is single-valued.

   <CODE BEGINS>

           ///
           /// attributetype (
           ///     1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.6 NAME 'fedfsNsdbPort'
           ///     DESC 'The transport port number of an NSDB'
           ///     SUP fedfsNetPort
           ///     SINGLE-VALUE
           ///     )
           ///

   <CODE ENDS>

4.2.1.7.  fedfsNcePrefix

   A fedfsNcePrefix stores a distinguished name (DN) prefix.

   This attribute is single-valued.

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   <CODE BEGINS>

           ///
           /// attributetype (
           ///     1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.7 NAME 'fedfsNcePrefix'
           ///     DESC 'NCE prefix'
           ///     EQUALITY distinguishedNameMatch
           ///     SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.12
           ///     SINGLE-VALUE
           ///     )
           ///

   <CODE ENDS>

   OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.12 is the DN syntax [RFC4517].

4.2.1.8.  fedfsFslUuid

   A fedfsFslUuid represents the UUID of an FSL.  An NSDB SHOULD ensure
   that no two FSLs it stores have the same fedfsFslUuid.

   The fedfsFslUuid attribute is a subclass of fedfsUuid, with the same
   encoding rules.

   This attribute is single-valued.

   <CODE BEGINS>

           ///
           /// attributetype (
           ///     1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.8 NAME 'fedfsFslUuid'
           ///     DESC 'UUID of an FSL'
           ///     SUP fedfsUuid
           ///     SINGLE-VALUE
           ///     )
           ///

   <CODE ENDS>

4.2.1.9.  fedfsFslHost

   A fedfsFslHost is the host component of an FSL.  The fedfsFslHost
   attribute is a subclass of fedfsNetAddr, with the same encoding
   rules.

   This attribute is single-valued.

   <CODE BEGINS>

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           ///
           /// attributetype (
           ///     1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.9 NAME 'fedfsFslHost'
           ///     DESC 'Service location for a fileserver'
           ///     SUP fedfsNetAddr
           ///     SINGLE-VALUE
           ///     )
           ///

   <CODE ENDS>

4.2.1.10.  fedfsFslPort

   A fedfsFslPort is the decimal representation of a file service's port
   number.  The fedfsFslPort attribute is a subclass of fedfsNetPort,
   with the same encoding rules.

   This attribute is single-valued.

   <CODE BEGINS>

           ///
           /// attributetype (
           ///     1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.10 NAME 'fedfsFslPort'
           ///     DESC 'The file service transport port number'
           ///     SUP fedfsNetPort
           ///     SINGLE-VALUE
           ///     )
           ///

   <CODE ENDS>

4.2.1.11.  fedfsFslTTL

   A fedfsFslTTL is the amount of time in seconds an FSL SHOULD be
   cached by a fileserver.  A fedfsFslTTL MUST be encoded as an Integer
   syntax value [RFC4517].

   This attribute is single-valued.

   <CODE BEGINS>

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           ///
           /// attributetype (
           ///     1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.11 NAME 'fedfsFslTTL'
           ///     DESC 'Time to live of an FSL'
           ///     EQUALITY integerMatch
           ///     SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.27
           ///     SINGLE-VALUE
           ///     )
           ///

   <CODE ENDS>

   OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.27 is the Integer syntax [RFC4517].

4.2.1.12.  fedfsAnnotation

   A fedfsAnnotation contains an object annotation formatted as a key/
   value pair.

   This attribute is multi-valued; an object type that permits
   annotations may have any number of annotations per instance.

   A fedfsAnnotation attribute is a human-readable sequence of UTF-8
   characters with no non-terminal NUL characters.  The value MUST be
   formatted according to the following ABNF [RFC5234] rules:

      ANNOTATION = KEY EQUALS VALUE
      KEY = ITEM
      VALUE = ITEM
      ITEM = BLANK DQUOTE STR DQUOTE BLANK
      BLANK = 0*EMPTY
      EMPTY = SPACE / HTAB
      HTAB = %x09 ; horizontal tab
      STR = 0*UTF8

   The DQUOTE, EQUALS, UTF8, and SPACE rules are defined in [RFC4512].

   The following escape sequences are allowed:

                     +-----------------+-------------+
                     | escape sequence | replacement |
                     +-----------------+-------------+
                     |        \\       |      \      |
                     |        \"       |      "      |
                     +-----------------+-------------+

   A fedfsAnnotation value SHOULD be processed as follows:

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   1.  Parse the attribute value according to the ANNOTATION rule,
       ignoring the escape sequences above.

   2.  Scan through results of the previous step and replace the escape
       sequences above.

   A fedfsAnnotation attribute that does not adhere to this format
   SHOULD be ignored.

   The following are examples of valid fedfsAnnotation attributes:

            "key1" = "foo"
            "another key" = "x=3"
            "key-2" = "A string with \" and \\ characters."

   which correspond to the following key/value pairs:

            +-------------+-----------------------------------+
            |     key     |               value               |
            +-------------+-----------------------------------+
            |     key1    |                foo                |
            | another key |                x=3                |
            |    key-2    | A string with " and \ characters. |
            +-------------+-----------------------------------+

   <CODE BEGINS>

           ///
           /// attributetype (
           ///     1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.12 NAME 'fedfsAnnotation'
           ///     DESC 'Annotation of an object'
           ///     SUP name
           ///     )
           ///

   <CODE ENDS>

4.2.1.13.  fedfsDescr

   A fedfsDescr stores an object description.  The description MUST be
   encoded as a UTF-8 string.

   This attribute is multi-valued which permits any number of
   descriptions per entry.

   <CODE BEGINS>

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           ///
           /// attributetype (
           ///     1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.13 NAME 'fedfsDescr'
           ///     DESC 'Description of an object'
           ///     SUP name
           ///     )
           ///

   <CODE ENDS>

4.2.1.14.  fedfsNfsPath

   A fedfsNfsPath is the path attribute of an FSL.  The path MUST be the
   XDR encoded NFS path as defined by the NFS pathname4 XDR type of the
   fs_location's rootpath [3530bis] and the fs_locations_item's
   fli_rootpath [RFC5661].  The NFS pathname4 XDR type is a variable
   length array of component4 elements.  The NFS component4 XDR type is
   a variable length array of opaque data.  A fedfsNfsPath attribute's
   component4 elements SHOULD be prepared using the component4 rules
   defined in Chapter 12 "Internationalization" of [3530bis].

   This attribute is single-valued.

   <CODE BEGINS>

           ///
           /// attributetype (
           ///     1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.100 NAME 'fedfsNfsPath'
           ///     DESC 'Server-local path to a fileset'
           ///     EQUALITY octetStringMatch
           ///     SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.40
           ///     SINGLE-VALUE
           ///     )
           ///

   <CODE ENDS>

   OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.40 is the Octet String syntax
   [RFC4517].

4.2.1.15.  fedfsNfsMajorVer

   A fedfsNfsMajorVer contains the NFS major version of the associated
   NFS FSL.  A fedfsNfsMajorVer MUST be encoded as an Integer syntax
   value [RFC4517].

   For example if the FSL was exported via NFS 4.1, the contents of this
   attribute would be the value 4.

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   This attribute is single-valued.

   <CODE BEGINS>

           ///
           /// attributetype (
           ///     1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.101 NAME 'fedfsNfsMajorVer'
           ///     DESC 'NFS major version'
           ///     EQUALITY integerMatch
           ///     SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.27
           ///     SINGLE-VALUE
           ///     )
           ///

   <CODE ENDS>

   OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.27 is the Integer syntax [RFC4517].

4.2.1.16.  fedfsNfsMinorVer

   A fedfsNfsMinorVer contain the NFS minor version of the associated
   NFS FSL.  A fedfsNfsMinorVer MUST be encoded as an Integer syntax
   value [RFC4517].

   For example if the FSL was exported via NFS 4.1, the contents of this
   attribute would be the value 1.

   This attribute is single-valued.

   <CODE BEGINS>

           ///
           /// attributetype (
           ///     1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.102 NAME 'fedfsNfsMinorVer'
           ///     DESC 'NFS minor version'
           ///     EQUALITY integerMatch
           ///     SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.27
           ///     SINGLE-VALUE
           ///     )
           ///

   <CODE ENDS>

   OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.27 is the Integer syntax [RFC4517].

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4.2.1.17.  fedfsNfsCurrency

   A fedfsNfsCurrency stores the NFSv4.1 fs_locations_server's
   fls_currency value [RFC5661].  A fedfsNfsCurrency MUST be encoded as
   an Integer syntax value [RFC4517] in the range [-2147483648,
   2147483647].

   This attribute is single-valued.

   <CODE BEGINS>

           ///
           /// attributetype (
           ///     1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.103 NAME 'fedfsNfsCurrency'
           ///     DESC 'up-to-date measure of the data'
           ///     EQUALITY integerMatch
           ///     SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.27
           ///     SINGLE-VALUE
           ///     )
           ///

   <CODE ENDS>

   OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.27 is the Integer syntax [RFC4517].

4.2.1.18.  fedfsNfsGenFlagWritable

   A fedfsNfsGenFlagWritable stores the value of an FSL's NFSv4.1
   FSLI4GF_WRITABLE bit [RFC5661].  A value of "TRUE" indicates the bit
   is true.  A value of "FALSE" indicates the bit is false.

   <CODE BEGINS>

          ///
          /// attributetype (
          ///     1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.104 NAME 'fedfsNfsGenFlagWritable'
          ///     DESC 'Indicates if the filesystem is writable'
          ///     EQUALITY booleanMatch
          ///     SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.7
          ///     SINGLE-VALUE
          ///     )
          ///

   <CODE ENDS>

   OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.7 is the Boolean syntax [RFC4517].

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4.2.1.19.  fedfsNfsGenFlagGoing

   A fedfsNfsGenFlagGoing stores the value of an FSL's NFSv4.1
   FSLI4GF_GOING bit [RFC5661].  A value of "TRUE" indicates the bit is
   true.  A value of "FALSE" indicates the bit is false.

   <CODE BEGINS>

           ///
           /// attributetype (
           ///     1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.105 NAME 'fedfsNfsGenFlagGoing'
           ///     DESC 'Indicates if the filesystem is going'
           ///     EQUALITY booleanMatch
           ///     SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.7
           ///     SINGLE-VALUE
           ///     )
           ///

   <CODE ENDS>

   OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.7 is the Boolean syntax [RFC4517].

4.2.1.20.  fedfsNfsGenFlagSplit

   A fedfsNfsGenFlagSplit stores the value of an FSL's NFSv4.1
   FSLI4GF_SPLIT bit [RFC5661].  A value of "TRUE" indicates the bit is
   true.  A value of "FALSE" indicates the bit is false.

   <CODE BEGINS>

           ///
           /// attributetype (
           ///     1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.106 NAME 'fedfsNfsGenFlagSplit'
           ///     DESC 'Indicates if there are multiple filesystems'
           ///     EQUALITY booleanMatch
           ///     SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.7
           ///     SINGLE-VALUE
           ///     )
           ///

   <CODE ENDS>

   OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.7 is the Boolean syntax [RFC4517].

4.2.1.21.  fedfsNfsTransFlagRdma

   A fedfsNfsTransFlagRdma stores the value of an FSL's NFSv4.1
   FSLI4TF_RDMA bit [RFC5661].  A value of "TRUE" indicates the bit is

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   true.  A value of "FALSE" indicates the bit is false.

   <CODE BEGINS>

           ///
           /// attributetype (
           ///     1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.107 NAME 'fedfsNfsTransFlagRdma'
           ///     DESC 'Indicates if the transport supports RDMA'
           ///     EQUALITY booleanMatch
           ///     SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.7
           ///     SINGLE-VALUE
           ///     )
           ///

   <CODE ENDS>

   OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.7 is the Boolean syntax [RFC4517].

4.2.1.22.  fedfsNfsClassSimul

   A fedfsNfsClassSimul contains the FSL's NFSv4.1 FSLI4BX_CLSIMUL
   [RFC5661] value.  A fedfsNfsClassSimul MUST be encoded as an Integer
   syntax value [RFC4517] in the range [0, 255].

   <CODE BEGINS>

           ///
           /// attributetype (
           ///     1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.108 NAME 'fedfsNfsClassSimul'
           ///     DESC 'The simultaneous-use class of the filesystem'
           ///     EQUALITY integerMatch
           ///     SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.27
           ///     SINGLE-VALUE
           ///     )
           ///

   <CODE ENDS>

   OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.27 is the Integer syntax [RFC4517].

4.2.1.23.  fedfsNfsClassHandle

   A fedfsNfsClassHandle contains the FSL's NFSv4.1 FSLI4BX_CLHANDLE
   [RFC5661] value.  A fedfsNfsClassHandle MUST be encoded as an Integer
   syntax value [RFC4517] in the range [0, 255].

   <CODE BEGINS>

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           ///
           /// attributetype (
           ///     1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.109 NAME 'fedfsNfsClassHandle'
           ///     DESC 'The handle class of the filesystem'
           ///     EQUALITY integerMatch
           ///     SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.27
           ///     SINGLE-VALUE
           ///     )
           ///

   <CODE ENDS>

   OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.27 is the Integer syntax [RFC4517].

4.2.1.24.  fedfsNfsClassFileid

   A fedfsNfsClassFileid contains the FSL's NFSv4.1 FSLI4BX_CLFILEID
   [RFC5661] value.  A fedfsNfsClassFileid MUST be encoded as an Integer
   syntax value [RFC4517] in the range [0, 255].

   <CODE BEGINS>

           ///
           /// attributetype (
           ///     1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.110 NAME 'fedfsNfsClassFileid'
           ///     DESC 'The fileid class of the filesystem'
           ///     EQUALITY integerMatch
           ///     SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.27
           ///     SINGLE-VALUE
           ///     )
           ///

   <CODE ENDS>

   OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.27 is the Integer syntax [RFC4517].

4.2.1.25.  fedfsNfsClassWritever

   A fedfsNfsClassWritever contains the FSL's NFSv4.1 FSLI4BX_CLWRITEVER
   [RFC5661] value.  A fedfsNfsClassWritever MUST be encoded as an
   Integer syntax value [RFC4517] in the range [0, 255].

   <CODE BEGINS>

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           ///
           /// attributetype (
           ///     1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.111 NAME 'fedfsNfsClassWritever'
           ///     DESC 'The write-verifier class of the filesystem'
           ///     EQUALITY integerMatch
           ///     SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.27
           ///     SINGLE-VALUE
           ///     )
           ///

   <CODE ENDS>

   OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.27 is the Integer syntax [RFC4517].

4.2.1.26.  fedfsNfsClassChange

   A fedfsNfsClassChange contains the FSL's NFSv4.1 FSLI4BX_CLCHANGE
   [RFC5661] value.  A fedfsNfsClassChange MUST be encoded as an Integer
   syntax value [RFC4517] in the range [0, 255].

   <CODE BEGINS>

           ///
           /// attributetype (
           ///     1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.112 NAME 'fedfsNfsClassChange'
           ///     DESC 'The change class of the filesystem'
           ///     EQUALITY integerMatch
           ///     SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.27
           ///     SINGLE-VALUE
           ///     )
           ///

   <CODE ENDS>

   OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.27 is the Integer syntax [RFC4517].

4.2.1.27.  fedfsNfsClassReaddir

   A fedfsNfsClassReaddir contains the FSL's NFSv4.1 FSLI4BX_CLREADDIR
   [RFC5661] value.  A fedfsNfsClassReaddir MUST be encoded as an
   Integer syntax value [RFC4517] in the range [0, 255].

   <CODE BEGINS>

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           ///
           /// attributetype (
           ///     1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.113 NAME 'fedfsNfsClassReaddir'
           ///     DESC 'The readdir class of the filesystem'
           ///     EQUALITY integerMatch
           ///     SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.27
           ///     SINGLE-VALUE
           ///     )
           ///

   <CODE ENDS>

   OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.27 is the Integer syntax [RFC4517].

4.2.1.28.  fedfsNfsReadRank

   A fedfsNfsReadRank contains the FSL's NFSv4.1 FSLI4BX_READRANK
   [RFC5661] value.  A fedfsNfsReadRank MUST be encoded as an Integer
   syntax value [RFC4517] in the range [0, 255].

   <CODE BEGINS>

           ///
           /// attributetype (
           ///     1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.114 NAME 'fedfsNfsReadRank'
           ///     DESC 'The read rank of the filesystem'
           ///     EQUALITY integerMatch
           ///     SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.27
           ///     SINGLE-VALUE
           ///     )
           ///

   <CODE ENDS>

   OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.27 is the Integer syntax [RFC4517].

4.2.1.29.  fedfsNfsReadOrder

   A fedfsNfsReadOrder contains the FSL's NFSv4.1 FSLI4BX_READORDER
   [RFC5661] value.  A fedfsNfsReadOrder MUST be encoded as an Integer
   syntax value [RFC4517] in the range [0, 255].

   <CODE BEGINS>

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           ///
           /// attributetype (
           ///     1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.115 NAME 'fedfsNfsReadOrder'
           ///     DESC 'The read order of the filesystem'
           ///     EQUALITY integerMatch
           ///     SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.27
           ///     SINGLE-VALUE
           ///     )
           ///

   <CODE ENDS>

   OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.27 is the Integer syntax [RFC4517].

4.2.1.30.  fedfsNfsWriteRank

   A fedfsNfsWriteRank contains the FSL's FSLI4BX_WRITERANK [RFC5661]
   value.  A fedfsNfsWriteRank MUST be encoded as an Integer syntax
   value [RFC4517] in the range [0, 255].

   <CODE BEGINS>

           ///
           /// attributetype (
           ///     1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.116 NAME 'fedfsNfsWriteRank'
           ///     DESC 'The write rank of the filesystem'
           ///     EQUALITY integerMatch
           ///     SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.27
           ///     SINGLE-VALUE
           ///     )
           ///

   <CODE ENDS>

   OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.27 is the Integer syntax [RFC4517].

4.2.1.31.  fedfsNfsWriteOrder

   A fedfsNfsWriteOrder contains the FSL's FSLI4BX_WRITEORDER [RFC5661]
   value.  A fedfsNfsWriteOrder MUST be encoded as an Integer syntax
   value [RFC4517] in the range [0, 255].

   <CODE BEGINS>

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           ///
           /// attributetype (
           ///     1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.117 NAME 'fedfsNfsWriteOrder'
           ///     DESC 'The write order of the filesystem'
           ///     EQUALITY integerMatch
           ///     SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.27
           ///     SINGLE-VALUE
           ///     )
           ///

   <CODE ENDS>

   OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.27 is the Integer syntax [RFC4517].

4.2.1.32.  fedfsNfsVarSub

   A fedfsNfsVarSub stores the value of an FSL's NFSv4.1 FSLI4F_VAR_SUB
   bit [RFC5661].  A value of "TRUE" indicates the bit is true.  A value
   of "FALSE" indicates the bit is false.

   <CODE BEGINS>

           ///
           /// attributetype (
           ///     1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.118 NAME 'fedfsNfsVarSub'
           ///     DESC 'Indicates if variable substitution is present'
           ///     EQUALITY booleanMatch
           ///     SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.7
           ///     SINGLE-VALUE
           ///     )
           ///

   <CODE ENDS>

   OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.7 is the Boolean syntax [RFC4517].

4.2.1.33.  fedfsNfsValidFor

   A fedfsNfsValidFor stores an FSL's NFSv4.1 fs_locations_info
   fli_valid_for value [RFC5661].  A fedfsNfsValidFor MUST be encoded as
   an Integer syntax value [RFC4517] in the range [-2147483648,
   2147483647].

   An FSL's fedfsFslTTL value and fedfsNfsValidFor value MAY be
   different.

   This attribute is single-valued.

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   <CODE BEGINS>

           ///
           /// attributetype (
           ///     1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.19 NAME 'fedfsNfsValidFor'
           ///     DESC 'Valid for time'
           ///     EQUALITY integerMatch
           ///     SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.27
           ///     SINGLE-VALUE
           ///     )
           ///

   OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.27 is the Integer syntax [RFC4517].

   <CODE ENDS>

4.2.2.  LDAP Objects

4.2.2.1.  fedfsNsdbContainerInfo

   A fedfsNsdbContainerInfo describes the location of the NCE.

   A fedfsFsn's fedfsNcePrefix attribute is REQUIRED.

   A fedfsFsn's fedfsAnnotation and fedfsDescr attributes are OPTIONAL.

   <CODE BEGINS>

          ///
          /// objectclass (
          ///     1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.1001 NAME 'fedfsNsdbContainerInfo'
          ///     DESC 'Describes NCE location'
          ///     SUP top AUXILIARY
          ///     MUST (
          ///             fedfsNcePrefix
          ///     )
          ///     MAY (
          ///             fedfsAnnotation
          ///             $ fedfsDescr
          ///     ))
          ///

   <CODE ENDS>

4.2.2.2.  fedfsFsn

   A fedfsFsn represents an FSN.

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   A fedfsFsn's fedfsNsdbName and fedfsFsnUuid attributes are REQUIRED.

   A fedfsFsn's fedfsNsdbPort, fedfsAnnotation, and fedfsDescr
   attributes are OPTIONAL.

   If the fedfsNsdbPort is omitted, the standard LDAP port number, 389,
   SHOULD be assumed.

   The DN of an FSN is REQUIRED to take the following form:
   "fedfsFsnUuid=$FSNUUID,$NCE", where $FSNUUID is the UUID of the FSN
   and $NCE is the DN of the NCE ("o=fedfs" by default).  Since LDAP
   requires a DN to be unique, this ensures that each FSN entry has a
   unique UUID value within the LDAP directory.

   A fedfsFsn MAY also have additional attributes, but these attributes
   MUST NOT be referenced by any part of this document.

   <CODE BEGINS>

           ///
           /// objectclass (
           ///     1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.1002 NAME 'fedfsFsn'
           ///     DESC 'Represents a fileset'
           ///     SUP top STRUCTURAL
           ///     MUST (
           ///             fedfsFsnUuid
           ///             $ fedfsNsdbName
           ///     )
           ///     MAY (
           ///             fedfsNsdbPort
           ///             $ fedfsAnnotation
           ///             $ fedfsDescr
           ///     ))
           ///

   <CODE ENDS>

4.2.2.3.  fedfsFsl

   The fedfsFsl object class represents an FSL.

   The fedfsFsl is an abstract object class.  Protocol specific subtypes
   of this object class are used to store FSL information.  The
   fedfsNfsFsl object class defined below is used to record an NFS FSL's
   location.  Other subtypes MAY be defined for other protocols (e.g.
   CIFS).

   A fedfsFsl's fedfsFslUuid, fedfsFsnUuid, fedfsNsdbName, fedfsFslHost,

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   and fedfsFslTTL attributes are REQUIRED.

   A fedfsFsl's fedfsNsdbPort, fedfsFslPort, fedfsAnnotation, and
   fedfsDescr attributes are OPTIONAL.

   If the fedfsNsdbPort is omitted, the standard LDAP port number, 389,
   SHOULD be assumed.

   If the fedfsFslPort is omitted, a standard port number based on the
   type of FSL should be assumed.  For an NFS FSL, the standard NFS port
   number, 2049, SHOULD be assumed.

   The DN of an FSL is REQUIRED to take the following form:
   "fedfsFslUuid=$FSLUUID,fedfsFsnUuid=$FSNUUID,$NCE" where $FSLUUID is
   the FSL's UUID, $FSNUUID is the FSN's UUID, and $NCE is the DN of the
   NCE ("o=fedfs" by default).  Since LDAP requires a DN to be unique,
   this ensures that each FSL entry has a unique UUID value within the
   LDAP directory.

   <CODE BEGINS>

           ///
           /// objectclass (
           ///     1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.1003 NAME 'fedfsFsl'
           ///     DESC 'A physical location of a fileset'
           ///     SUP top ABSTRACT
           ///     MUST (
           ///             fedfsFslUuid
           ///             $ fedfsFsnUuid
           ///             $ fedfsNsdbName
           ///             $ fedfsFslHost
           ///             $ fedfsFslTTL
           ///     )
           ///     MAY (
           ///             fedfsNsdbPort
           ///             $ fedfsFslPort
           ///             $ fedfsAnnotation
           ///             $ fedfsDescr
           ///     ))
           ///

   <CODE ENDS>

4.2.2.4.  fedfsNfsFsl

   A fedfsNfsFsl is used to represent an NFS FSL.  The fedfsNfsFsl
   inherits all of the attributes of the fedfsFsl and extends the
   fedfsFsl with information specific to the NFS protocol.

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   The DN of an NFS FSL is REQUIRED to take the following form:
   "fedfsFslUuid=$FSLUUID,fedfsFsnUuid=$FSNUUID,$NCE" where $FSLUUID is
   the FSL's UUID, $FSNUUID is the FSN's UUID, and $NCE is the DN of the
   NCE ("o=fedfs" by default).  Since LDAP requires a DN to be unique,
   this ensures that each NFS FSL entry has a unique UUID value within
   the LDAP directory.

   <CODE BEGINS>

           ///
           /// objectclass (
           ///     1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.1004 NAME 'fedfsNfsFsl'
           ///     DESC 'An NFS location of a fileset'
           ///     SUP fedfsFsl STRUCTURAL
           ///     MUST (
           ///             fedfsNfsPath
           ///             $ fedfsNfsMajorVer
           ///             $ fedfsNfsMinorVer
           ///             $ fedfsNfsCurrency
           ///             $ fedfsNfsGenFlagWritable
           ///             $ fedfsNfsGenFlagGoing
           ///             $ fedfsNfsGenFlagSplit
           ///             $ fedfsNfsTransFlagRdma
           ///             $ fedfsNfsClassSimul
           ///             $ fedfsNfsClassHandle
           ///             $ fedfsNfsClassFileid
           ///             $ fedfsNfsClassWritever
           ///             $ fedfsNfsClassChange
           ///             $ fedfsNfsClassReaddir
           ///             $ fedfsNfsReadRank
           ///             $ fedfsNfsReadOrder
           ///             $ fedfsNfsWriteRank
           ///             $ fedfsNfsWriteOrder
           ///             $ fedfsNfsVarSub
           ///             $ fedfsNfsValidFor
           ///     ))
           ///

   <CODE ENDS>

5.  NSDB Operations

   The operations defined by the protocol can be described as several
   sub-protocols that are used by entities within the federation to
   perform different roles.

   The first of these sub-protocols defines how the state of an NSDB

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   node can be initialized and updated.  The primary use of this sub-
   protocol is by an administrator to add, edit, or delete filesets,
   their properties, and their fileset locations.

   The second of these sub-protocols defines the queries that are sent
   to an NSDB node in order to perform resolution (or to find other
   information about the data stored within that NSDB node) and the
   responses returned by the NSDB node.  The primary use of this sub-
   protocol is by a fileserver in order to perform resolution, but it
   may also be used by an administrator to query the state of the
   system.

   The first and second sub-protocols are defined as LDAP operations,
   using the schema defined in the previous section.  If each NSDB node
   is a standard LDAP server, then, in theory, it is unnecessary to
   describe the LDAP operations in detail, because the operations are
   ordinary LDAP operations to query and update records.  However, we do
   not require that an NSDB node implement a complete LDAP service, and
   therefore we define in these sections the minimum level of LDAP
   functionality required to implement an NSDB node.

   The NSDB sub-protocols are defined in the next two sub-sections.  The
   descriptions of LDAP messages in these sections use the LDAP Data
   Interchange Format (LDIF) [RFC2849].  In order to differentiate
   constant and variable strings in the LDIF specifications, variables
   are prefixed by a $ character and use all upper case characters.  For
   example, a variable named FOO would be specified as $FOO.

   This document uses the term NSDB client to refer to an LDAP client
   that uses either of the NSDB sub-protocols

   The third sub-protocol defines the queries and other requests that
   are sent to a fileserver in order to get information from it or to
   modify the state of the fileserver in a manner related to the
   federation protocols.  The primary purpose of this protocol is for an
   administrator to create or delete a junction or discover related
   information about a particular fileserver.

   The third sub-protocol is defined as an ONC RPC protocols.  The
   reason for using ONC RPC instead of LDAP is that all fileservers
   support ONC RPC but some do not support an LDAP Directory server.

   The ONC RPC administration protocol is defined in [FEDFS-ADMIN].

5.1.  NSDB Operations for Administrators

   The admin entity initiates and controls the commands to manage
   fileset and namespace information.  The admin entity, however, is

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   stateless.  All state is maintained at the NSDB nodes or at the
   fileserver.

   We require that each NSDB node be able to act as an LDAP server and
   that the protocol used for communicating between the admin entity and
   each NSDB node is LDAP.

   The names we assign to these operations are entirely for the purpose
   of exposition in this document, and are not part of the LDAP dialogs.

5.1.1.  Create an FSN

   This operation creates a new FSN in the NSDB by adding a new fedfsFsn
   entry in the NSDB's LDAP directory.

   A fedfsFsn entry contains a fedfsFsnUuid and fedfsNsdbName.  The
   administrator chooses the fedfsFsnUuid and fedfsNsdbName.  The
   process for choosing the fedfsFsnUuid is described in
   Section 4.2.1.1).  The fedfsNsdbName is the name of the NSDB node
   that will serve as the source of definitive information about the FSN
   for the life of the FSN.

   The NSDB node that receives the request SHOULD check that
   fedfsNsdbName value matches its own value and return an error if it
   does not.  This is to ensure that an FSN is always created by the
   NSDB node encoded within the FSN as its owner.

   The NSDB node that receives the request SHOULD check all of the
   attributes for validity and consistency, but this is not generally
   possible for LDAP servers because the consistency requirements cannot
   be expressed in the LDAP schema (although many LDAP servers can be
   extended, via plug-ins or other mechanisms, to add functionality
   beyond the strict definition of LDAP).

5.1.1.1.  LDAP Request

   This operation is implemented using the LDAP ADD request described by
   the LDIF below.

           dn: fedfsFsnUuid=$FSNUUID,$NCE
           changeType: add
           objectClass: fedfsFsn
           fedfsFsnUuid: $FSNUUID
           fedfsNsdbName: $NSDBNAME

   For example, if the $FSNUUID is "f81d4fae-7dec-11d0-a765-
   00a0c91e6bf6", the $NSDBNAME is "nsdb.example.com", and the $NCE is
   "o=fedfs" the operation would be:

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           dn: fedfsFsnUuid=f81d4fae-7dec-11d0-a765-00a0c91e6bf6,o=fedfs
           changeType: add
           objectClass: fedfsFsn
           fedfsFsnUuid: f81d4fae-7dec-11d0-a765-00a0c91e6bf6
           fedfsNsdbName: nsdb.example.com

5.1.2.  Delete an FSN

   This operation deletes an FSN by removing a fedfsFsn entry in the
   NSDB's LDAP directory.

   If the FSN entry being deleted has child FSL entries, this function
   MUST return an error.  This ensures that the NSDB will not contain
   any orphaned FSL entries.  A compliant LDAP implementation will meet
   this requirement since Section 4.8 of [RFC4511] defines the LDAP
   delete operation to only be capable of removing leaf entries.

   Note that the FSN delete function only removes the fileset from the
   namespace (by removing the records for that FSN from the NSDB node
   that receives this request).  The fileset and its data are not
   deleted.  Any junction that has this FSN as its target may continue
   to point to this non-existent FSN.  A dangling reference may be
   detected when a client tries to resolve the target of a junction that
   refers to the deleted FSN and the NSDB returns an error.

5.1.2.1.  LDAP Request

   This operation is implemented using the LDAP DELETE request described
   by the LDIF below.

           dn: fedfsFsnUuid=$FSNUUID,$NCE
           changeType: delete

   For example, if the $FSNUUID is "f81d4fae-7dec-11d0-a765-
   00a0c91e6bf6" and $NCE is "o=fedfs", the operation would be:

           dn: fedfsFsnUuid=f81d4fae-7dec-11d0-a765-00a0c91e6bf6,o=fedfs
           changeType: delete

5.1.3.  Create an FSL

   This operation creates a new FSL for the given FSN by adding a new
   fedfsFsl entry in the NSDB's LDAP directory.

   A fedfsFsl entry contains a fedfsFslUuid, fedfsFsnUuid,
   fedfsNsdbName, fedfsFslHost, and fedfsFslTTL.  The administrator
   chooses the fedfsFslUuid.  The process for choosing the fedfsFslUuid
   is described in Section 4.2.1.1.  The fedfsFsnUuid is the UUID of the

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   FSL's FSN.  The fedfsNsdbName is the name of the NSDB node that
   stores definitive information about the FSL's FSN.  The fedfsFslHost
   value is the network location of the fileserver that stores the FSL.
   The fedfsFslTTL is chosen by the administrator as described in
   Section 2.8.2.

   The administrator will also set additional attributes depending on
   the FSL type.

5.1.3.1.  LDAP Request

   This operation is implemented using the LDAP ADD request described by
   the LDIF below (NOTE: the LDIF shows the creation of an NFS FSL)

           dn:fedfsFslUuid=$FSLUUID,fedfsFsnUuid=$FSNUUID,$NCE
           changeType: add
           objectClass: fedfsNfsFsl
           fedfsFslUuid: $FSLUUID
           fedfsFsnUuid: $FSNUUID
           fedfsNsdbName: $NSDBNAME
           fedfsFslHost: $HOST
           fedfsFslPort: $PORT
           fedfsFslTTL: $TTL
           fedfsNfsPath: $PATH
           fedfsNfsMajorVer: $MAJOR
           fedfsNfsMinorVer: $MINOR
           fedfsNfsCurrency: $CURRENCY
           fedfsNfsGenFlagWritable: $WRITABLE
           fedfsNfsGenFlagGoing: $GOING
           fedfsNfsGenFlagSplit: $SPLIT
           fedfsNfsTransFlagRdma: $RDMA
           fedfsNfsClassSimul: $CLASS_SIMUL
           fedfsNfsClassHandle:$CLASS_HANDLE
           fedfsNfsClassFileid:$CLASS_FILEID
           fedfsNfsClassWritever:$CLASS_WRITEVER
           fedfsNfsClassChange: $CLASS_CHANGE
           fedfsNfsClassReaddir: $CLASS_READDIR
           fedfsNfsReadRank: $READ_RANK
           fedfsNfsReadOrder: $READ_ORDER
           fedfsNfsWriteRank: $WRITE_RANK
           fedfsNfsWriteOrder: $WRITE_ORDER
           fedfsNfsVarSub: $VAR_SUB
           fedfsNfsValidFor: $TIME
           fedfsAnnotation: $ANNOTATION
           fedfsDescr: $DESCR

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   For example, if the $FSNUUID is "f81d4fae-7dec-11d0-a765-
   00a0c91e6bf6", the $FSLUUID is "84f775a7-8e31-14ae-b39d-
   10eeee060d2c", the $NSDBNAME is "nsdb.example.com", the $HOST is
   "server.example.com", $PORT is "2049", the $TTL is "300" seconds, the
   $PATH is stored in the file "/tmp/fsl_path", fileset is exported via
   NFSv4.1 ($MAJOR is "4" and $MINOR is "1"), $CURRENCY is "0" (an up to
   date copy), the FSL is writable, but not going, split, or accessible
   via RDMA, the simultaneous-use class is "1", the handle class is "0",
   the fileid class is "1", the write-verifier class is "1", the change
   class is "1", the readdir class is "9", the read rank is "7", the
   read order is "8", the write rank is "5", the write order is "6",
   variable substitution is false, $TIME is "300" seconds, $ANNOTATION
   is ""foo" = "bar"", $DESC is "This is a description.", and the $NCE
   is "o=fedfs", the operation would be (for readability the DN is split
   into two lines):

           dn:fedfsFslUuid=84f775a7-8e31-14ae-b39d-10eeee060d2c,
               fedfsFsnUuid=f81d4fae-7dec-11d0-a765-00a0c91e6bf6,o=fedfs
           changeType: add
           objectClass: fedfsNfsFsl
           fedfsFslUuid: 84f775a7-8e31-14ae-b39d-10eeee060d2c
           fedfsFsnUuid: f81d4fae-7dec-11d0-a765-00a0c91e6bf6
           fedfsNsdbName: nsdb.example.com
           fedfsFslHost: server.example.com
           fedfsFslPort: 2049
           fedfsFslTTL: 300
           fedfsNfsPath:< file:///tmp/fsl_path
           fedfsNfsMajorVer: 4
           fedfsNfsMinorVer: 1
           fedfsNfsCurrency: 0
           fedfsNfsGenFlagWritable: TRUE
           fedfsNfsGenFlagGoing: FALSE
           fedfsNfsGenFlagSplit: FALSE
           fedfsNfsTransFlagRdma: FALSE
           fedfsNfsClassSimul: 1
           fedfsNfsClassHandle: 0
           fedfsNfsClassFileid: 1
           fedfsNfsClassWritever: 1
           fedfsNfsClassChange: 1
           fedfsNfsClassReaddir: 9
           fedfsNfsReadRank: 7
           fedfsNfsReadOrder: 8
           fedfsNfsWriteRank: 5
           fedfsNfsWriteOrder: 6
           fedfsNfsVarSub: FALSE
           fedfsNfsValidFor: 300
           fedfsAnnotation: "foo" = "bar"

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           fedfsDescr: This is a description.

5.1.3.2.  Selecting fedfsNfsFsl Values

   The fedfsNfsFSl object class is used to describe NFSv4 and NFSv4.1
   accessible filesets.  For the reasons described in Section 2.8.3,
   administrators SHOULD choose reasonable values for all LDAP
   attributes of an NFSv4 accessible fedfsNfsFsl even though some of
   these LDAP attributes are not explicitly contained in the NFSv4
   fs_locations attribute returned to an NFSv4 client.

   When the administrator is unable to choose reasonable values for the
   LDAP attributes not explicitly contained in a NFSv4 fs_locations
   attribute, the values in the following table are RECOMMENDED.

   +-------------------------+----------+------------------------------+
   | LDAP attribute          | LDAP     | Notes                        |
   |                         | value    |                              |
   +-------------------------+----------+------------------------------+
   | fedfsNfsCurrency        | negative | Indicates that the server    |
   |                         | value    | does not know the currency   |
   |                         |          | (see 11.10.1 of [RFC5661]).  |
   | fedfsNfsGenFlagWritable | FALSE    | Leaving unset is not harmful |
   |                         |          | (see 11.10.1 of [RFC5661]).  |
   | fedfsNfsGenFlagGoing    | FALSE    | NFS client will detect a     |
   |                         |          | migration event if the FSL   |
   |                         |          | becomes unavailable.         |
   | fedfsNfsGenFlagSplit    | TRUE     | Safe to assume that the FSL  |
   |                         |          | is split.                    |
   | fedfsNfsTransFlagRdma   | TRUE     | NFS client will detect if    |
   |                         |          | RDMA access is available.    |
   | fedfsNfsClassSimul      | 0        | 0 (zero) is treated as       |
   |                         |          | non-matching (see 11.10.1 of |
   |                         |          | [RFC5661]).                  |
   | fedfsNfsClassHandle     | 0        | See fedfsNfsClassSimul note. |
   | fedfsNfsClassFileid     | 0        | See fedfsNfsClassSimul note. |
   | fedfsNfsClassWritever   | 0        | See fedfsNfsClassSimul note. |
   | fedfsNfsClassChange     | 0        | See fedfsNfsClassSimul note. |
   | fedfsNfsClassReaddir    | 0        | See fedfsNfsClassSimul note. |
   | fedfsNfsReadRank        | 0        | Highest value ensures FSL    |
   |                         |          | will be tried.               |
   | fedfsNfsReadOrder       | 0        | See fedfsNfsReadRank note.   |
   | fedfsNfsWriteRank       | 0        | See fedfsNfsReadRank note.   |
   | fedfsNfsWriteOrder      | 0        | See fedfsNfsReadRank note.   |
   | fedfsNfsVarSub          | FALSE    | NFSv4 does not define        |
   |                         |          | variable substituion in      |
   |                         |          | paths.                       |

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   | fedfsNfsValidFor        | 0        | Indicates no appropriate     |
   |                         |          | refetch interval (see        |
   |                         |          | 11.10.2 of [RFC5661]).       |
   +-------------------------+----------+------------------------------+

5.1.4.  Delete an FSL

   This operation deletes the given Fileset location.  The admin
   requests the NSDB node storing the fedfsFsl to delete it from its
   database.  This operation does not result in the fileset location's
   data being deleted at the fileserver.

5.1.4.1.  LDAP Request

   The admin sends an LDAP DELETE request to the NSDB node to remove the
   FSL.

           dn: fedfsFslUuid=$FSLUUID,fedfsFsnUuid=$FSNUUID,$NCE
           changeType: delete

   For example, if the $FSNUUID is "f81d4fae-7dec-11d0-a765-
   00a0c91e6bf6", the $FSLUUID is "84f775a7-8e31-14ae-b39d-
   10eeee060d2c", and the $NCE is "o=fedfs", the operation would be (for
   readability the DN is split into two lines):

          dn: fedfsFslUuid=84f775a7-8e31-14ae-b39d-10eeee060d2c,
               fedfsFsnUuid=f81d4fae-7dec-11d0-a765-00a0c91e6bf6,o=fedfs
          changeType: delete

5.1.5.  Update an FSL

   This operation updates the attributes of a given FSL.  This command
   results in a change in the attributes of the fedfsFsl at the NSDB
   node maintaining this FSL.  The attributes that must not change are
   the fedfsFslUuid and the fedfsFsnUuid of the fileset this FSL
   implements.

5.1.5.1.  LDAP Request

   The admin sends an LDAP MODIFY request to the NSDB node to update the
   FSL.

           dn: fedfsFslUuid=$FSLUUID,fedfsFsnUuid=$FSNUUID,$NCE

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           changeType: modify
           replace: $ATTRIBUTE-TYPE

   For example, if the $FSNUUID is "f81d4fae-7dec-11d0-a765-
   00a0c91e6bf6", the $FSLUUID is "84f775a7-8e31-14ae-b39d-
   10eeee060d2c", the $NCE is "o=fedfs", and the administrator wished to
   change the TTL to 10 minutes, the operation would be (for readability
   the DN is split into two lines):

          dn: fedfsFslUuid=84f775a7-8e31-14ae-b39d-10eeee060d2c,
               fedfsFsnUuid=f81d4fae-7dec-11d0-a765-00a0c91e6bf6,o=fedfs
          changeType: modify
          replace: fedfsFslTTL
          fedfsFslTTL: 600

5.2.  NSDB Operations for Fileservers

5.2.1.  NSDB Container Entry (NCE) Enumeration

   To find the NCEs for the NSDB foo.example.com, a fileserver would do
   the following:

        nce_list = empty
        connect to the LDAP directory at foo.example.com
        for each namingContext value $BAR in the root DSE
            /* $BAR is a DN */
            query for a fedfsNcePrefix value at $BAR
            /*
             * The LDAP URL for this search would be
             *
             *  ldap://foo.example.com:389/$BAR?fedfsNcePrefix??
             *                      (objectClass=fedfsNsdbContainerInfo)
             *
             */
            if a fedfsNcePrefix value is found
                nce = prepend the fedfsNcePrefix value to $BAR
                add nce to the nce_list

5.2.2.  Lookup FSLs for an FSN

   Using an LDAP search, the fileserver can obtain all of the FSLs for a
   given FSN.  The FSN's fedfsFsnUuid is used as the search key.  The
   following examples use the LDAP Universal Resource Identifier (URI)
   format defined in [RFC4516].

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   To obtain a list of all FSLs for $FSNUUID on the NSDB named
   $NSDBNAME, the following search can be used (for readability the URI
   is split into two lines):

           for each $NCE in nce_list
               ldap://$NSDBNAME/fsnUuid=$FSNUUID,$NCE??one?
                   (objectClass=fedfsFsl)

   This search is for the children of the object with DN
   "fedfsFsnUuid=$FSNUUID,$NCE" with a filter for
   "objectClass=fedfsFsl".  The scope value of "one" restricts the
   search to the entry's children (rather than the entire subtree below
   the entry) and the filter ensures that only FSL entries are returned.

   For example if $NSDBNAME is "nsdb.example.com", $FSNUUID is
   "f81d4fae-7dec-11d0-a765-00a0c91e6bf6", and $NCE is "o=fedfs", the
   search would be (for readability the URI is split into three lines):

           ldap://nsdb.example.com/
                   fsnUuid=f81d4fae-7dec-11d0-a765-00a0c91e6bf6,o=fedfs
                   ??one?(objectClass=fedfsFsl)

   The following search can be used to obtain only the NFS FSLs for
   $FSNUUID on the NSDB named $NSDBNAME (for readability the URI is
   split into two lines):

           for each $NCE in nce_list
               ldap://$NSDBNAME/fsnUuid=$FSNUUID,$NCE??one?
                   (objectClass=fedfsNfsFsl)

   This also searches for the children of the object with DN
   "fedfsFsnUuid=$FSNUUID,$NCE", but the filter for "objectClass =
   fedfsNfsFsl" restricts the results to only NFS FSLs.

   For example if $NSDBNAME is nsdb.example.com, $FSNUUID is f81d4fae-
   7dec-11d0-a765-00a0c91e6bf6, and $NCE is "o=fedfs",the search would
   be (for readability the URI is split into three lines):

           ldap://nsdb.example.com/
                   fsnUuid=f81d4fae-7dec-11d0-a765-00a0c91e6bf6,o=fedfs
                   ??one?(objectClass=fedfsNfsFsl)

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   The fileserver will generate a referral based on the set of FSLs
   returned by these queries using the process described in
   Section 2.8.3.

5.3.  NSDB Operations and LDAP Referrals

   The LDAPv3 protocol defines an LDAP referral mechanism that allows an
   LDAP server to redirect an LDAP client.  LDAPv3 defines two types of
   LDAP referrals: the Referral type defined in Section 4.1.10 of
   [RFC4511] and the SearchResultReference type defined in Section 4.5.3
   of [RFC4511].  In both cases, the LDAP referral lists one or more
   URIs for services that can be used to complete the operation.  In the
   remainder of this document, the term LDAP referral is used to
   indicate either of these types.

   If an NSDB operation results in an LDAP referral, the NSDB client MAY
   follow the LDAP referral.  An NSDB client's decision to follow an
   LDAP referral is implementation and configuration dependent.  For
   example, an NSDB client might be configured to follow only those LDAP
   referrals that were received over a secure channel, or only those
   that target an NSDB that supports encrypted communication.  If an
   NSDB client chooses to follow an LDAP referral, the NSDB client MUST
   process the LDAP referral and prevent looping as described in Section
   4.1.10 of [RFC4511].

6.  Security Considerations

   Both NFSv4/NFSv4.1 and LDAP provide security mechanisms.  When used
   in conjunction with the federated filesystem protocols described in
   this document, the use of these mechanisms is RECOMMENDED.
   Specifically, the use of RPCSEC_GSS [RFC2203], which is built on the
   GSS-API [RFC2743], is RECOMMENDED on all NFS connections between a
   client and fileserver.  The "Security Considerations" sections of the
   the NFSv4 [3530bis] and NFSv4.1 [RFC5661] specifications contain
   special considerations for the handling of GETATTR operations for the
   fs_locations and fs_locations_info attributes.  For all LDAP
   connections established by the federated filesystem protocols, the
   use of TLS [RFC5246], as described in [RFC4513], is RECOMMENDED.

   If an NSDB client chooses to follow an LDAP referral, the NSDB client
   SHOULD authenticate the LDAP referral's target NSDB using the target
   NSDB's credentials (not the credentials of the NSDB that generated
   the LDAP referral).  The NSDB client SHOULD NOT follow an LDAP
   referral that targets an NSDB for which it does not know the NSDB's
   credentials.

   Within a federation, there are two types of components an attacker

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   may compromise: a fileserver and an NSDB.

   If an attacker compromises a fileserver, the attacker can interfere
   with the client's filesystem I/O operations (e.g. by returning
   fictitious data in the response to a read request) or fabricating a
   referral.  The attacker's abilities are the same regardless of
   whether or not the federation protocols are in use.  While the
   federation protocols do not give the attacker additional
   capabilities, they are additional targets for attack.  The LDAP
   protocol described in Section 5.2 SHOULD be secured using the methods
   described above to defeat attacks on a fileserver via this channel.

   If an attacker compromises an NSDB, the attacker will be able to
   forge FSL information and thus poison the fileserver's referral
   information.  Therefore an NSDB should be as secure as the
   fileservers which query it.  The LDAP operations described in
   Section 5 SHOULD be secured using the methods described above to
   defeat attacks on an NSDB via this channel.

   It should be noted that the federation protocols do not directly
   provide access to filesystem data.  The federation protocols only
   provide a mechanism for building a namespace.  All data transfers
   occur between a client and server just as they would if the
   federation protocols were not in use.  As a result, the federation
   protocols do not require new user authentication and authorization
   mechanisms or require a fileserver to act as a proxy for a client.

7.  IANA Considerations

7.1.  Registry for the fedfsAnnotation Key Namespace

   This document defines the fedfsAnnotation key in Section 4.2.1.12.
   The fedfsAnnotation key namespace is to be managed by IANA.  IANA is
   to create and maintain a new registry entitled "FedFS Annotation
   Keys".  Future registrations are to be administered by IANA using the
   "First Come First Served" policy defined in [RFC5226].  Registration
   requests MUST include the key (a valid UTF-8 string of any length), a
   brief description of the key's purpose, and an email contact for the
   registration.  For viewing, the registry should be sorted
   lexicographically by key.  There are no initial assignments for this
   registry.

7.2.  Registry for FedFS Object Identifiers

   Using the process described in [RFC2578], one of the authors was
   assigned the Internet Private Enterprise Numbers range
   1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.x.  Within this range, the subrange

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   1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.x is permanently dedicated for use by the
   federated file system protocols.

   IANA is to create and maintain a new registry entitled "FedFS Object
   Identifiers" for the purpose of administering the FedFS Object
   Identifier (OID) range.  Future allocations from the
   1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.x range are to be assigned by IANA using the "RFC
   Required" policy defined in [RFC5226].  Registration requests MUST
   include an OID value from the 1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.x range, a short
   description of the OID, and a reference to the specification that
   defines the OID's usage.  For viewing, the registry should be sorted
   numerically by OID value.  The initial contents of the FedFS Object
   Identifiers registry are given in Table 1.

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    +--------------------------+-------------------------+-----------+
    | OID                      | Description             | Reference |
    +--------------------------+-------------------------+-----------+
    | 1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.1    | fedfsUuid               | RFC-TBD1  |
    | 1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.2    | fedfsNetAddr            | RFC-TBD1  |
    | 1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.3    | fedfsNetPort            | RFC-TBD1  |
    | 1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.4    | fedfsFsnUuid            | RFC-TBD1  |
    | 1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.5    | fedfsNsdbName           | RFC-TBD1  |
    | 1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.6    | fedfsNsdbPort           | RFC-TBD1  |
    | 1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.7    | fedfsNcePrefix          | RFC-TBD1  |
    | 1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.8    | fedfsFslUuid            | RFC-TBD1  |
    | 1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.9    | fedfsFslHost            | RFC-TBD1  |
    | 1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.10   | fedfsFslPort            | RFC-TBD1  |
    | 1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.11   | fedfsFslTTL             | RFC-TBD1  |
    | 1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.12   | fedfsAnnotation         | RFC-TBD1  |
    | 1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.13   | fedfsDescr              | RFC-TBD1  |
    | 1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.100  | fedfsNfsPath            | RFC-TBD1  |
    | 1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.101  | fedfsNfsMajorVer        | RFC-TBD1  |
    | 1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.102  | fedfsNfsMinorVer        | RFC-TBD1  |
    | 1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.103  | fedfsNfsCurrency        | RFC-TBD1  |
    | 1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.104  | fedfsNfsGenFlagWritable | RFC-TBD1  |
    | 1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.105  | fedfsNfsGenFlagGoing    | RFC-TBD1  |
    | 1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.106  | fedfsNfsGenFlagSplit    | RFC-TBD1  |
    | 1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.107  | fedfsNfsTransFlagRdma   | RFC-TBD1  |
    | 1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.108  | fedfsNfsClassSimul      | RFC-TBD1  |
    | 1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.109  | fedfsNfsClassHandle     | RFC-TBD1  |
    | 1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.110  | fedfsNfsClassFileid     | RFC-TBD1  |
    | 1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.111  | fedfsNfsClassWritever   | RFC-TBD1  |
    | 1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.112  | fedfsNfsClassChange     | RFC-TBD1  |
    | 1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.113  | fedfsNfsClassReaddir    | RFC-TBD1  |
    | 1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.114  | fedfsNfsReadRank        | RFC-TBD1  |
    | 1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.115  | fedfsNfsReadOrder       | RFC-TBD1  |
    | 1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.116  | fedfsNfsWriteRank       | RFC-TBD1  |
    | 1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.117  | fedfsNfsWriteOrder      | RFC-TBD1  |
    | 1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.118  | fedfsNfsVarSub          | RFC-TBD1  |
    | 1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.119  | fedfsNfsValidFor        | RFC-TBD1  |
    | 1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.1001 | fedfsNsdbContainerInfo  | RFC-TBD1  |
    | 1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.1002 | fedfsFsn                | RFC-TBD1  |
    | 1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.1003 | fedfsFsl                | RFC-TBD1  |
    | 1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.1004 | fedfsNfsFsl             | RFC-TBD1  |
    +--------------------------+-------------------------+-----------+

                                  Table 1

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7.3.  LDAP Descriptor Registration

   In accordance with Section 3.4 and Section 4 of [RFC4520], the object
   identifier descriptors defined in this document (listed below) will
   be registered via the Expert Review process.

   Subject:  Request for LDAP Descriptor Registration
   Person & email address to contact for further information:  See
      "Author/Change Controller"
   Specification:  draft-ietf-nfsv4-federated-fs-protocol
   Author/Change Controller:  [document authors]

   Object Identifier:  1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.1
   Descriptor (short name):  fedfsUuid
   Usage:  attribute type

   Object Identifier:  1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.2
   Descriptor (short name):  fedfsNetAddr
   Usage:  attribute type

   Object Identifier:  1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.3
   Descriptor (short name):  fedfsNetPort
   Usage:  attribute type

   Object Identifier:  1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.4
   Descriptor (short name):  fedfsFsnUuid
   Usage:  attribute type

   Object Identifier:  1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.5
   Descriptor (short name):  fedfsNsdbName
   Usage:  attribute type

   Object Identifier:  1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.6
   Descriptor (short name):  fedfsNsdbPort
   Usage:  attribute type

   Object Identifier:  1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.7
   Descriptor (short name):  fedfsNcePrefix
   Usage:  attribute type

   Object Identifier:  1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.8
   Descriptor (short name):  fedfsFslUuid
   Usage:  attribute type

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   Object Identifier:  1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.9
   Descriptor (short name):  fedfsFslHost
   Usage:  attribute type

   Object Identifier:  1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.10
   Descriptor (short name):  fedfsFslPort
   Usage:  attribute type

   Object Identifier:  1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.11
   Descriptor (short name):  fedfsFslTTL
   Usage:  attribute type

   Object Identifier:  1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.12
   Descriptor (short name):  fedfsAnnotation
   Usage:  attribute type

   Object Identifier:  1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.13
   Descriptor (short name):  fedfsDescr
   Usage:  attribute type

   Object Identifier:  1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.100
   Descriptor (short name):  fedfsNfsPath
   Usage:  attribute type

   Object Identifier:  1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.101
   Descriptor (short name):  fedfsNfsMajorVer
   Usage:  attribute type

   Object Identifier:  1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.102
   Descriptor (short name):  fedfsNfsMinorVer
   Usage:  attribute type

   Object Identifier:  1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.103
   Descriptor (short name):  fedfsNfsCurrency
   Usage:  attribute type

   Object Identifier:  1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.104
   Descriptor (short name):  fedfsNfsGenFlagWritable
   Usage:  attribute type

   Object Identifier:  1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.105
   Descriptor (short name):  fedfsNfsGenFlagGoing
   Usage:  attribute type

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   Object Identifier:  1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.106
   Descriptor (short name):  fedfsNfsGenFlagSplit
   Usage:  attribute type

   Object Identifier:  1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.107
   Descriptor (short name):  fedfsNfsTransFlagRdma
   Usage:  attribute type

   Object Identifier:  1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.108
   Descriptor (short name):  fedfsNfsClassSimul
   Usage:  attribute type

   Object Identifier:  1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.109
   Descriptor (short name):  fedfsNfsClassHandle
   Usage:  attribute type

   Object Identifier:  1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.110
   Descriptor (short name):  fedfsNfsClassFileid
   Usage:  attribute type

   Object Identifier:  1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.111
   Descriptor (short name):  fedfsNfsClassWritever
   Usage:  attribute type

   Object Identifier:  1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.112
   Descriptor (short name):  fedfsNfsClassChange
   Usage:  attribute type

   Object Identifier:  1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.113
   Descriptor (short name):  fedfsNfsClassReaddir
   Usage:  attribute type

   Object Identifier:  1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.114
   Descriptor (short name):  fedfsNfsReadRank
   Usage:  attribute type

   Object Identifier:  1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.115
   Descriptor (short name):  fedfsNfsReadOrder
   Usage:  attribute type

   Object Identifier:  1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.116
   Descriptor (short name):  fedfsNfsWriteRank
   Usage:  attribute type

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   Object Identifier:  1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.117
   Descriptor (short name):  fedfsNfsWriteOrder
   Usage:  attribute type

   Object Identifier:  1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.118
   Descriptor (short name):  fedfsNfsVarSub
   Usage:  attribute type

   Object Identifier:  1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.119
   Descriptor (short name):  fedfsNfsValidFor
   Usage:  attribute type

   Object Identifier:  1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.1001
   Descriptor (short name):  fedfsNsdbContainerInfo
   Usage:  object class

   Object Identifier:  1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.1002
   Descriptor (short name):  fedfsFsn
   Usage:  object class

   Object Identifier:  1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.1003
   Descriptor (short name):  fedfsFsl
   Usage:  object class

   Object Identifier:  1.3.6.1.4.1.31103.1.1004
   Descriptor (short name):  fedfsNfsFsl
   Usage:  object class

8.  Glossary

   Administrator:  user with the necessary authority to initiate
      administrative tasks on one or more servers.

   Admin Entity:  A server or agent that administers a collection of
      fileservers and persistently stores the namespace information.

   Client:  Any client that accesses the fileserver data using a
      supported filesystem access protocol.

   Federation:  A set of server collections and singleton servers that
      use a common set of interfaces and protocols in order to provide
      to their clients a federated namespace accessible through a
      filesystem access protocol.

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   Fileserver:  A server exporting a filesystem via a network filesystem
      access protocol.

   Fileset:  The abstraction of a set of files and the directory tree
      that contains them.  A fileset is the fundamental unit of data
      management in the federation.

      Note that all files within a fileset are descendants of one
      directory, and that filesets do not span filesystems.

   Filesystem:  A self-contained unit of export for a fileserver, and
      the mechanism used to implement filesets.  The fileset does not
      need to be rooted at the root of the filesystem, nor at the export
      point for the filesystem.

      A single filesystem MAY implement more than one fileset, if the
      client protocol and the fileserver permit this.

   Filesystem Access Protocol:  A network filesystem access protocol
      such as NFSv2 [RFC1094], NFSv3 [RFC1813], NFSv4 [3530bis], or CIFS
      (Common Internet File System) [MS-SMB] [MS-SMB2] [MS-CIFS].

   FSL (Fileset Location):  The location of the implementation of a
      fileset at a particular moment in time.  An FSL MUST be something
      that can be translated into a protocol-specific description of a
      resource that a client can access directly, such as an fs_location
      (for NFSv4), or share name (for CIFS).  Note that not all FSLs
      need to be explicitly exported as long as they are contained
      within an exported path on the fileserver.

   FSN (Fileset Name):  A platform-independent and globally unique name
      for a fileset.  Two FSLs that implement replicas of the same
      fileset MUST have the same FSN, and if a fileset is migrated from
      one location to another, the FSN of that fileset MUST remain the
      same.

   Junction:  A filesystem object used to link a directory name in the
      current fileset with an object within another fileset.  The
      server-side "link" from a leaf node in one fileset to the root of
      another fileset.

   Namespace:  A filename/directory tree that a sufficiently authorized
      client can observe.

   NSDB (Namespace Database) Service:  A service that maps FSNs to FSLs.
      The NSDB may also be used to store other information, such as
      annotations for these mappings and their components.

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   NSDB Node:  The name or location of a server that implements part of
      the NSDB service and is responsible for keeping track of the FSLs
      (and related info) that implement a given partition of the FSNs.

   Referral:  A server response to a client access that directs the
      client to evaluate the current object as a reference to an object
      at a different location (specified by an FSL) in another fileset,
      and possibly hosted on another fileserver.  The client re-attempts
      the access to the object at the new location.

   Replica:  A replica is a redundant implementation of a fileset.  Each
      replica shares the same FSN, but has a different FSL.

      Replicas may be used to increase availability or performance.
      Updates to replicas of the same fileset MUST appear to occur in
      the same order, and therefore each replica is self-consistent at
      any moment.

      We do not assume that updates to each replica occur
      simultaneously.  If a replica is offline or unreachable, the other
      replicas may be updated.

   Server Collection:  A set of fileservers administered as a unit.  A
      server collection may be administered with vendor-specific
      software.

      The namespace provided by a server collection could be part of the
      federated namespace.

   Singleton Server:  A server collection containing only one server; a
      stand-alone fileserver.

9.  References

9.1.  Normative References

   [3530bis]  Haynes, T. and D. Noveck, "NFS Version 4 Protocol",
              draft-ietf-nfsv4-rfc3530bis (Work In Progress), 2010.

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [RFC2203]  Eisler, M., Chiu, A., and L. Ling, "RPCSEC_GSS Protocol
              Specification", RFC 2203, September 1997.

   [RFC2578]  McCloghrie, K., Ed., Perkins, D., Ed., and J.
              Schoenwaelder, Ed., "Structure of Management Information

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              Version 2 (SMIv2)", STD 58, RFC 2578, April 1999.

   [RFC2743]  Linn, J., "Generic Security Service Application Program
              Interface Version 2, Update 1", RFC 2743, January 2000.

   [RFC2849]  Good, G., "The LDAP Data Interchange Format (LDIF) -
              Technical Specification", RFC 2849, June 2000.

   [RFC3986]  Berners-Lee, T., Fielding, R., and L. Masinter, "Uniform
              Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax", STD 66,
              RFC 3986, January 2005.

   [RFC4122]  Leach, P., Mealling, M., and R. Salz, "A Universally
              Unique IDentifier (UUID) URN Namespace", RFC 4122,
              July 2005.

   [RFC4291]  Hinden, R. and S. Deering, "IP Version 6 Addressing
              Architecture", RFC 4291, February 2006.

   [RFC4510]  Zeilenga, K., "Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
              (LDAP): Technical Specification Road Map", RFC 4510,
              June 2006.

   [RFC4511]  Sermersheim, J., "Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
              (LDAP): The Protocol", RFC 4511, June 2006.

   [RFC4512]  Zeilenga, K., "Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
              (LDAP): Directory Information Models", RFC 4512,
              June 2006.

   [RFC4513]  Harrison, R., "Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
              (LDAP): Authentication Methods and Security Mechanisms",
              RFC 4513, June 2006.

   [RFC4516]  Smith, M. and T. Howes, "Lightweight Directory Access
              Protocol (LDAP): Uniform Resource Locator", RFC 4516,
              June 2006.

   [RFC4517]  Legg, S., "Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP):
              Syntaxes and Matching Rules", RFC 4517, June 2006.

   [RFC4519]  Sciberras, A., "Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
              (LDAP): Schema for User Applications", RFC 4519,
              June 2006.

   [RFC4520]  Zeilenga, K., "Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)
              Considerations for the Lightweight Directory Access
              Protocol (LDAP)", BCP 64, RFC 4520, June 2006.

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   [RFC5226]  Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for Writing an
              IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26, RFC 5226,
              May 2008.

   [RFC5234]  Crocker, D. and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for Syntax
              Specifications: ABNF", STD 68, RFC 5234, January 2008.

   [RFC5246]  Dierks, T. and E. Rescorla, "The Transport Layer Security
              (TLS) Protocol Version 1.2", RFC 5246, August 2008.

   [RFC5661]  Shepler, S., Eisler, M., and D. Noveck, "Network File
              System (NFS) Version 4 Minor Version 1 Protocol",
              RFC 5661, January 2010.

9.2.  Informative References

   [AFS]      Howard, J., "An Overview of the Andrew File System",
              Proceeding of the USENIX Winter Technical Conference ,
              1988.

   [FEDFS-ADMIN]
              Lentini, J., Everhart, C., Ellard, D., Tewari, R., and M.
              Naik, "Administration Protocol for Federated Filesystems",
              draft-ietf-nfsv4-federated-fs-admin (Work In Progress),
              2010.

   [FEDFS-DNS-SRV]
              Everhart, C., Adamson, W., and J. Zhang, "Using DNS SRV to
              Specify a Global File Name Space with NFS version 4",
              draft-ietf-nfsv4-federated-fs-dns-srv-namespace (Work In
              Progress), 2010.

   [MS-CIFS]  Microsoft Corporation, "Common Internet File System (CIFS)
              Protocol Specification", MS-CIFS 2.0, November 2009.

   [MS-SMB]   Microsoft Corporation, "Server Message Block (SMB)
              Protocol Specification", MS-SMB 17.0, November 2009.

   [MS-SMB2]  Microsoft Corporation, "Server Message Block (SMB) Version
              2 Protocol Specification", MS-SMB2 19.0, November 2009.

   [RFC1094]  Nowicki, B., "NFS: Network File System Protocol
              specification", RFC 1094, March 1989.

   [RFC1813]  Callaghan, B., Pawlowski, B., and P. Staubach, "NFS
              Version 3 Protocol Specification", RFC 1813, June 1995.

   [RFC3254]  Alvestrand, H., "Definitions for talking about

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              directories", RFC 3254, April 2002.

   [RFC5662]  Shepler, S., Eisler, M., and D. Noveck, "Network File
              System (NFS) Version 4 Minor Version 1 External Data
              Representation Standard (XDR) Description", RFC 5662,
              January 2010.

   [RFC5716]  Lentini, J., Everhart, C., Ellard, D., Tewari, R., and M.
              Naik, "Requirements for Federated File Systems", RFC 5716,
              January 2010.

Appendix A.  Acknowledgments

   We would like to thank Andy Adamson of NetApp, Paul Lemahieu of EMC,
   Robert Thurlow of Sun Microsystems, and Mario Wurzl of EMC for
   helping to author this document.

   We would also like to thank George Amvrosiadis, Chuck Lever, Trond
   Myklebust, and Nicolas Williams for their comments.

   The extract.sh shell script and formatting conventions were first
   described by the authors of the NFSv4.1 XDR specification [RFC5662].

Authors' Addresses

   James Lentini
   NetApp
   1601 Trapelo Rd, Suite 16
   Waltham, MA  02451
   US

   Phone: +1 781-768-5359
   Email: jlentini@netapp.com

   Craig Everhart
   NetApp
   800 Cranberry Woods Drive
   Cranberry Township, PA  16066
   US

   Phone: +1 724-741-5101
   Email: Craig.Everhart@netapp.com

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   Daniel Ellard
   Raytheon BBN Technologies
   10 Moulton Street
   Cambridge, MA  02138
   US

   Phone: +1 617-873-8004
   Email: dellard@bbn.com

   Renu Tewari
   IBM Almaden
   650 Harry Rd
   San Jose, CA  95120
   US

   Email: tewarir@us.ibm.com

   Manoj Naik
   IBM Almaden
   650 Harry Rd
   San Jose, CA  95120
   US

   Email: manoj@almaden.ibm.com

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