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RADIUS Extensions for Encrypted DNS
draft-ietf-opsawg-add-encrypted-dns-00

The information below is for an old version of the document.
Document Type
This is an older version of an Internet-Draft that was ultimately published as RFC 9445.
Authors Mohamed Boucadair , Tirumaleswar Reddy.K
Last updated 2022-09-30
Replaces draft-boucadair-opsawg-add-encrypted-dns
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draft-ietf-opsawg-add-encrypted-dns-00
opsawg                                                      M. Boucadair
Internet-Draft                                                    Orange
Intended status: Standards Track                                T. Reddy
Expires: 2 April 2023                                              Nokia
                                                       29 September 2022

                  RADIUS Extensions for Encrypted DNS
                 draft-ietf-opsawg-add-encrypted-dns-00

Abstract

   This document specifies new Remote Authentication Dial-In User
   Service (RADIUS) attributes that carry an authentication domain name,
   a list of IP addresses, and a set of service parameters of encrypted
   DNS resolvers.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on 2 April 2023.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2022 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/
   license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document.
   Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights
   and restrictions with respect to this document.  Code Components
   extracted from this document must include Revised BSD License text as
   described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are
   provided without warranty as described in the Revised BSD License.

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Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2
   2.  Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
   3.  Encrypted DNS RADIUS Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
     3.1.  IPv6-Encrypted-DNS Attribute  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     3.2.  IPv4-Encrypted-DNS Attribute  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
     3.3.  RADIUS TLVs for Encrypted DNS . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
       3.3.1.  Encrypted-DNS-ADN TLV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
       3.3.2.  Encrypted-DNS-IPv6-Address TLV  . . . . . . . . . . .   9
       3.3.3.  Encrypted-DNS-IPv4-Address TLV  . . . . . . . . . . .  10
       3.3.4.  Encrypted-DNS-SvcParams TLV . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
       3.3.5.  Encrypted-DNS-SvcPriority TLV . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
   4.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
   5.  Table of Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
   6.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
     6.1.  New RADIUS Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
     6.2.  New RADIUS TLVs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
   7.  Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
   8.  References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
     8.1.  Normative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
     8.2.  Informative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  16

1.  Introduction

   In the context of broadband services, Internet Service Providers
   (ISPs) usually provide DNS resolvers to their customers.  To that
   aim, ISPs deploy dedicated mechanisms to advertise a list of DNS
   Recursive DNS server(s) to their customers (e.g., DHCP [RFC2132]
   [RFC8415], IPv6 Router Advertisement [RFC4861]).  The information
   used to populate DHCP messages and/or IPv6 Router Advertisements
   relies upon specific Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service
   (RADIUS) [RFC2865] attributes, such as the DNS-Server-IPv6-Address
   Attribute specified in [RFC6911].

   With the advent of Encrypted DNS (e.g., DNS-over-HTTPS (DoH)
   [RFC8484], DNS-over-TLS (DoT) [RFC7858], or DNS-over-QUIC (DoQ)
   [RFC9250]), additional means are required to provision hosts with
   network-designated Encrypted DNS.  To fill that void,
   [I-D.ietf-add-dnr] leverages existing protocols such as DHCP and IPv6
   Router Advertisement to provide hosts with the required information
   to connect to an encrypted DNS resolver.  However, there are no
   RADIUS attributes that can be used to populate the discovery messages
   discussed in [I-D.ietf-add-dnr].

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   This document specifies two new RADIUS attributes: IPv6-Encrypted-DNS
   (Section 3.1) and IPv4-Encrypted-DNS (Section 3.2) Attributes.  These
   two attributes are specified in order to accommodate both IPv4 and
   IPv6 deployment contexts while taking into account the constraints in
   Section 3.4 of [RFC6158].

   Typical deployment scenarios are similar to those described, for
   instance, in Section 2 of [RFC6911].  Some of these deployments may
   rely upon the mechanisms defined in [RFC4014] or [RFC7037], which
   allows a Network Access Server (NAS) to pass attributes obtained from
   a RADIUS server to a DHCP server.  For illustration purposes,
   Figure 1 shows an example where a Customer Premises Equipment (CPE)
   is provided with an encrypted DNS resolver.  This example assumes
   that the NAS embeds both RADIUS client and DHCPv6 server
   capabilities.

   +-------------+           +-------------+             +-------+
   |     CPE     |           |     NAS     |             |  AAA  |
   |DHCPv6 client|           |DHCPv6 server|             |Server |
   +------+------+           +------+------+             +---+---+
          |                         |                        |
          o-----DHCPv6 Solicit----->|                        |
          |                         o----Access-Request ---->|
          |                         |                        |
          |                         |<----Access-Accept------o
          |                         |  IPv6-Encrypted-DNS    |
          |<--DHCPv6 Advertisement--o                        |
          |     (OPTION_V6_DNR)     |                        |
          |                         |                        |
          o-----DHCPv6 Request----->|                        |
          |                         |                        |
          |<------DHCPv6 Reply------o                        |
          |     (OPTION_V6_DNR)     |                        |
          |                         |                        |

                   DHCPv6                     RADIUS

         Figure 1: An Example of RADIUS IPv6 Encrypted DNS Exchange

   Upon receipt of the DHCPv6 Solicit message from a CPE, the NAS sends
   a RADIUS Access-Request message to the Authentication, Authorization,
   and Accounting (AAA) server.  Once the AAA server receives the
   request, it replies with an Access-Accept message (possibly after
   having sent a RADIUS Access-Challenge message and assuming the CPE is
   entitled to connect to the network) that carries a list of parameters
   to be used for this session, and which include the Encrypted DNS
   information.  The content of the IPv6-Encrypted-DNS Attribute is then
   used by the NAS to complete the DHCPv6 procedure that the CPE

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   initiated to retrieve information about the encrypted DNS service to
   use.  The procedure defined in [I-D.ietf-add-dnr] is thus followed
   between the DHCPv6 client and the DHCPv6 server.  The same procedure
   is followed between the DHCPv6 client on endpoints serviced by the
   CPE and the DHCPv6 server on CPE.

   Upon change of the any Encrypted DNS-related information (e.g., ADN,
   IPv6 address), the RADIUS server sends a RADIUS CoA message [RFC5176]
   that carries the RADIUS IPv6-Encrypted-DNS Attributed to the NAS.
   Once that message is accepted by the NAS, it replies with a RADIUS
   CoA ACK message.  The NAS replaces the old encrypted DNS resolver
   information with the new one and sends a DHCPv6 Reconfigure message
   to cause the DHCPv6 client to initiate a Renew/Reply message exchange
   with the DHCPv6 server.

   Figure 2 shows another example where a CPE is provided with an
   encrypted DNS resolver, but the CPE uses DHCPv4 to retrieve its
   encrypted DNS resolver.

   +-------------+           +-------------+             +-------+
   |     CPE     |           |     NAS     |             |  AAA  |
   |DHCPv4 client|           |DHCPv4 server|             |Server |
   +------+------+           +------+------+             +---+---+
          |                         |                        |
          o------DHCPDISCOVER------>|                        |
          |                         o----Access-Request ---->|
          |                         |                        |
          |                         |<----Access-Accept------o
          |                         |  IPv4-Encrypted-DNS    |
          |<-----DHCPOFFER----------o                        |
          |     (OPTION_V4_DNR)     |                        |
          |                         |                        |
          o-----DHCPREQUEST-------->|                        |
          |     (OPTION_V4_DNR)     |                        |
          |                         |                        |
          |<-------DHCPACK----------o                        |
          |     (OPTION_V4_DNR)     |                        |
          |                         |                        |

                  DHCPv4                      RADIUS

         Figure 2: An Example of RADIUS IPv4 Encrypted DNS Exchange

   Other deployment scenarios can be envisaged, such as returning
   customized service parameters (e.g., different DoH URI templates) as
   a function of the service/policies/preferences that are set by a
   network administrator.  How an administrator indicates its
   service/policies/preferences to an AAA server is out of scope.

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   This document adheres to [RFC8044] for defining the new attributes.

2.  Terminology

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
   "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP
   14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
   capitals, as shown here.

   This document makes use of the terms defined in [RFC8499].  The
   following additional terms are used:

   DHCP:  refers to both DHCPv4 [RFC2132] and DHCPv6 [RFC8415].

   Encrypted DNS:  refers to a scheme where DNS exchanges are
      transported over an encrypted channel.  Examples of encrypted DNS
      are DoT, DoH, and DoQ.

   *-Encrypted-DNS:  refers to IPv6-Encrypted-DNS and IPv4-Encrypted-DNS
      Attributes.

   Encrypted-DNS-*:  refers to any of the following attributes:
      Encrypted-DNS-ADN, Encrypted-DNS-IPv6-Address, Encrypted-DNS-
      IPv4-Address, Encrypted-DNS-SvcParams, and Encrypted-DNS-
      SvcPriority.

3.  Encrypted DNS RADIUS Attributes

   Both IPv6-Encrypted-DNS and IPv4-Encrypted-DNS have the same format
   shown in Figure 3.  The description of the fields is provided in
   Sections 3.1 and 3.2.

   These attributes and their embedded TLVs (Section 3.3) are defined
   with globally unique names.  The definition of the attributes follows
   the guidelines in Section 2.7.1 of [RFC6929].

       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |      Type     |     Length    | Extended-Type |    Value ...
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

       Figure 3: Format of IPv6-Encrypted-DNS and IPv4-Encrypted-DNS
                                 Attributes

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   The value fields of *-Encrypted-DNS and Encrypted-DNS-* Attributes
   are encoded in clear and not encrypted as, for example, Tunnel-
   Password Attribute [RFC2868].

3.1.  IPv6-Encrypted-DNS Attribute

   This attribute is of type "tlv" as defined in Section 2.3 of
   [RFC6929].

   The IPv6-Encrypted-DNS Attribute includes the authentication domain
   name, a list of IPv6 addresses, and a set of service parameters of an
   encrypted DNS resolver (Section 3.1.9 of [I-D.ietf-add-dnr]).

   Because multiple IPv6-Encrypted-DNS Attributes may be provisioned to
   a requesting host, multiple instances of the IPv6-Encrypted-DNS
   attribute MAY be included; each instance of the attribute carries a
   distinct encrypted DNS resolver.  These TLVs SHOULD be processed
   following their service priority (i.e., smaller service priority
   indicates a higher preference).

   The IPv6-Encrypted-DNS Attribute MAY appear in a RADIUS Access-Accept
   packet.  It MAY also appear in a RADIUS Access-Request packet as a
   hint to the RADIUS server to indicate a preference.  However, the
   server is not required to honor such a preference.

   The IPv6-Encrypted-DNS Attribute MAY appear in a RADIUS CoA-Request
   packet.

   The IPv6-Encrypted-DNS Attribute MAY appear in a RADIUS Accounting-
   Request packet.

   The IPv6-Encrypted-DNS Attribute MUST NOT appear in any other RADIUS
   packet.

   The IPv6-Encrypted-DNS Attribute is structured as follows:

   Type

      241

   Length

      This field indicates the total length, in octets, of all fields of
      this attribute, including the Type, Length, Extended-Type, and the
      entire length of the embedded TLVs.

   Extended-Type

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      TBA1 (see Section 6.1).

   Value

      This field contains a set of TLVs as follows:

      Encrypted-DNS-ADN TLV:  The IPv6-Encrypted-DNS Attribute MUST
         include exactly one instance of Encrypted-DNS-ADN TLV
         (Section 3.3.1).

      Encrypted-DNS-IPv6-Address TLV:  The IPv6-Encrypted-DNS Attribute
         SHOULD include one or multiple instances of Encrypted-DNS-
         IPv6-Address TLV (Section 3.3.2).  If multiple instances are
         included, they are ordered in the preference for use.  In
         contexts where putting additional complexity on requesting
         hosts is acceptable, returning an ADN only (that is, no
         Encrypted-DNS-IPv6-Address TLV is returned) can be considered.

      Encrypted-DNS-SvcParams TLV:  The IPv6-Encrypted-DNS Attribute
         SHOULD include one instance of Encrypted-DNS-SvcParams TLV
         (Section 3.3.4).

      Encrypted-DNS-SvcPriority TLV:  The IPv6-Encrypted-DNS Attribute
         SHOULD include one instance of Encrypted-DNS-SvcPriority TLV
         (Section 3.3.5).

   The IPv6-Encrypted-DNS Attribute is associated with the following
   identifier: 241.TBA1.

3.2.  IPv4-Encrypted-DNS Attribute

   This attribute is of type "tlv" as defined in Section 2.3 of
   [RFC6929].

   The IPv4-Encrypted-DNS Attribute includes the authentication domain
   name, a list of IPv4 addresses, and a set of service parameters of an
   encrypted DNS resolver (Section 3.1.9 of [I-D.ietf-add-dnr]).

   Because multiple IPv4-Encrypted-DNS attributes may be provisioned to
   a requesting host, multiple instances of the IPv4-Encrypted-DNS
   attribute MAY be included; each instance of the attribute carries a
   distinct encrypted DNS resolver.  These TLVs SHOULD be processed
   following their service priority (i.e., smaller service priority
   indicates a higher preference).

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   The IPv4-Encrypted-DNS Attribute MAY appear in a RADIUS Access-Accept
   packet.  It MAY also appear in a RADIUS Access-Request packet as a
   hint to the RADIUS server to indicate a preference.  However, the
   server is not required to honor such a preference.

   The IPv4-Encrypted-DNS Attribute MAY appear in a RADIUS CoA-Request
   packet.

   The IPv4-Encrypted-DNS Attribute MAY appear in a RADIUS Accounting-
   Request packet.

   The IPv4-Encrypted-DNS Attribute MUST NOT appear in any other RADIUS
   packet.

   The IPv4-Encrypted-DNS Attribute is structured as follows:

   Type

      241

   Length

      This field indicates the total length, in octets, of all fields of
      this attribute, including the Type, Length, Extended-Type, and the
      entire length of the embedded TLVs.

   Extended-Type

      TBA2 (see Section 6.1).

   Value

      This field contains a set of TLVs as follows:

      Encrypted-DNS-ADN TLV:  The IPv4-Encrypted-DNS Attribute MUST
         include exactly one instance of Encrypted-DNS-ADN TLV
         (Section 3.3.1).

      Encrypted-DNS-IPv4-Address TLV:  The IPv4-Encrypted-DNS Attribute
         SHOULD include one or multiple instances of Encrypted-DNS-
         IPv4-Address TLV (Section 3.3.3).  In contexts where putting
         additional complexity on requesting hosts is acceptable,
         returning an ADN only (that is, no Encrypted-DNS-IPv4-Address
         TLV is returned) can be considered.

      Encrypted-DNS-SvcParams TLV:  The IPv4-Encrypted-DNS Attribute
         SHOULD include one instance of Encrypted-DNS-SvcParams TLV
         (Section 3.3.4).

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      Encrypted-DNS-SvcPriority TLV:  The IPv4-Encrypted-DNS Attribute
         SHOULD include one instance of Encrypted-DNS-SvcPriority TLV
         (Section 3.3.5).

   The IPv4-Encrypted-DNS Attribute is associated with the following
   identifier: 241.TBA2.

3.3.  RADIUS TLVs for Encrypted DNS

   The TLVs defined in the following subsections use the format defined
   in [RFC6929].

   These TLVs have the same name and number when encapsulated in any of
   the parent attributes defined in Sections 3.1 and 3.2.

   The encoding of the "Value" field of these TLVs follows the
   recommendation of [RFC6158].

3.3.1.  Encrypted-DNS-ADN TLV

   TLV-Type

      TBA3 (see Section 6.2).

   TLV-Length

      Length of included ADN + 2 octets.

   Data Type

      The Encrypted-DNS-ADN TLV is of type text (Section 3.4 of
      [RFC8044]).

   TLV-Value

      This field includes a fully qualified domain name of the encrypted
      DNS resolver.  This field is formatted as specified in Section 10
      of [RFC8415].

   This TLV is identified as 241.TBA1.TBA3 when included in the IPv6-
   Encrypted-DNS Attribute (Section 3.1) and as 241.TBA2.TBA3 when
   included in the IPv4-Encrypted-DNS Attribute (Section 3.2).

3.3.2.  Encrypted-DNS-IPv6-Address TLV

   TLV-Type

      TBA4 (see Section 6.2).

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   TLV-Length

      18

   Data Type

      The Encrypted-DNS-IPv6-Address TLV is of type ip6addr (Section 3.9
      of [RFC8044]).

   TLV-Value

      This field includes an IPv6 address (128 bits) of the encrypted
      DNS resolver.

      The Encrypted-DNS-IPv6-Address attribute MUST NOT include
      multicast and host loopback addresses [RFC6890].

   This TLV is identified as 241.TBA1.TBA4 as part of the IPv6-
   Encrypted-DNS Attribute (Section 3.1).

3.3.3.  Encrypted-DNS-IPv4-Address TLV

   TLV-Type

      TBA5 (see Section 6.2).

   TLV-Length

      6

   Data Type

      The Encrypted-DNS-IPv4-Address TLV is of type ip4addr (Section 3.8
      of [RFC8044]).

   TLV-Value

      This field includes an IPv4 address (32 bits) of the encrypted DNS
      resolver.

      The Encrypted-DNS-IPv4-Address attribute MUST NOT include
      multicast and host loopback addresses.

   This TLV is identified as 241.TBA1.TBA5 as part of the IPv4-
   Encrypted-DNS Attribute (Section 3.2).

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3.3.4.  Encrypted-DNS-SvcParams TLV

   TLV-Type

      TBA6 (see Section 6.2).

   TLV-Length

      Length of included service parameters + 2 octets.

   Data Type

      The Encrypted-DNS-SvcParams TLV is of type string (Section 3.5 of
      [RFC8044]).

   TLV-Value

      Specifies a set of service parameters that are encoded following
      the rules in Section 2.1 of [I-D.ietf-dnsop-svcb-https].
      Section 3.1.5 of [I-D.ietf-add-dnr] lists a set of service
      parameters that are recommended to be supported by
      implementations.

      The service parameters MUST include at least "alpn" SvcParam
      (Section 4.1 of [I-D.ietf-add-svcb-dns]).  The service parameters
      MUST NOT include "ipv4hint" or "ipv6hint" SvcParams as they are
      superseded by the included IP addresses.

   This TLV is identified as 241.TBA1.TBA6 when included in the IPv6-
   Encrypted-DNS Attribute (Section 3.1) and as 241.TBA2.TBA6 when
   included in the IPv4-Encrypted-DNS Attribute (Section 3.2).

3.3.5.  Encrypted-DNS-SvcPriority TLV

   TLV-Type

      TBA7 (see Section 6.2).

   TLV-Length

      Six octets.

   Data Type

      The Encrypted-DNS-SvcPriority TLV is of type integer (Section 3.1
      of [RFC8044]).

   TLV-Value

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      Specifies the priority (unsigned16) of this *-Encrypted-DNS
      instance compared to other instances, right justified, and the
      unused bits in this field MUST be set to zero.  The value is
      interpreted following the rules specified in Section 2.4.1 of
      [I-D.ietf-dnsop-svcb-https].

   This TLV is identified as 241.TBA1.TBA7 when included in the IPv6-
   Encrypted-DNS Attribute (Section 3.1) and as 241.TBA2.TBA7 when
   included in the IPv4-Encrypted-DNS Attribute (Section 3.2).

4.  Security Considerations

   RADIUS-related security considerations are discussed in [RFC2865].

   This document targets deployments where a trusted relationship is in
   place between the RADIUS client and server with communication
   optionally secured by IPsec or Transport Layer Security (TLS)
   [RFC6614].

   Security considerations (including traffic theft) are discussed in
   Section 7 of [I-D.ietf-add-dnr].

5.  Table of Attributes

   The following table provides a guide as what type of RADIUS packets
   that may contain these attributes, and in what quantity.

   Access- Access- Access-  Challenge Acct. # Attribute
   Request Accept  Reject             Request
    0+      0+      0        0         0+      TBA1 IPv6-Encrypted-DNS
    0+      0+      0        0         0+      TBA2 IPv4-Encrypted-DNS

   CoA-Request CoA-ACK CoA-NACK #   Attribute
     0+          0       0      TBA1 IPv6-Encrypted-DNS
     0+          0       0      TBA1 IPv4-Encrypted-DNS

   The following table defines the meaning of the above table entries:

   0  This attribute MUST NOT be present in packet.
   0+ Zero or more instances of this attribute MAY be present in packet.

6.  IANA Considerations

6.1.  New RADIUS Attributes

   IANA is requested to assign two new RADIUS attribute types from the
   IANA registry "Radius Attribute Types" located at
   http://www.iana.org/assignments/radius-types:

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      IPv6-Encrypted-DNS (241.TBA1)

      IPv4-Encrypted-DNS (241.TBA2)

      Type      Description          Data Type   Reference
      --------  ------------------   ---------   -------------
      241.TBA1  IPv6-Encrypted-DNS   tlv         This-Document
      241.TBA2  IPv4-Encrypted-DNS   tlv         This-Document

6.2.  New RADIUS TLVs

   IANA is requested to create a new registry called "RADIUS Encrypted
   DNS TLVs".  The registry is initially populated as follows:

   Value    Description                  Data Type    Reference
   -----    -------------------------    ---------    -------------
     0      Reserved
     1      Encrypted-DNS-ADN            text         Section 3.3.1
     2      Encrypted-DNS-IPv6-Address   ipv6addr     Section 3.3.2
     3      Encrypted-DNS-IPv4-Address   ipv4addr     Section 3.3.3
     4      Encrypted-DNS-SvcParams      string       Section 3.3.4
     5      Encrypted-DNS-SvcPriority    integer      Section 3.3.5
     6-255  Unassigned

7.  Acknowledgements

   Thanks to Christian Jacquenet, Neil Cook, and Alan Dekok for the
   review and suggestions.

   Thanks to Ben Schwartz for the comments.

8.  References

8.1.  Normative References

   [I-D.ietf-add-dnr]
              Boucadair, M., Reddy, T., Wing, D., Cook, N., and T.
              Jensen, "DHCP and Router Advertisement Options for the
              Discovery of Network-designated Resolvers (DNR)", Work in
              Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-add-dnr-13, 13 August
              2022, <https://www.ietf.org/archive/id/draft-ietf-add-dnr-
              13.txt>.

   [I-D.ietf-add-svcb-dns]
              Schwartz, B., "Service Binding Mapping for DNS Servers",
              Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-add-svcb-dns-
              07, 11 August 2022, <https://www.ietf.org/archive/id/
              draft-ietf-add-svcb-dns-07.txt>.

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   [I-D.ietf-dnsop-svcb-https]
              Schwartz, B., Bishop, M., and E. Nygren, "Service binding
              and parameter specification via the DNS (DNS SVCB and
              HTTPS RRs)", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-
              dnsop-svcb-https-10, 24 May 2022,
              <https://www.ietf.org/archive/id/draft-ietf-dnsop-svcb-
              https-10.txt>.

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

   [RFC2865]  Rigney, C., Willens, S., Rubens, A., and W. Simpson,
              "Remote Authentication Dial In User Service (RADIUS)",
              RFC 2865, DOI 10.17487/RFC2865, June 2000,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2865>.

   [RFC6158]  DeKok, A., Ed. and G. Weber, "RADIUS Design Guidelines",
              BCP 158, RFC 6158, DOI 10.17487/RFC6158, March 2011,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6158>.

   [RFC6890]  Cotton, M., Vegoda, L., Bonica, R., Ed., and B. Haberman,
              "Special-Purpose IP Address Registries", BCP 153,
              RFC 6890, DOI 10.17487/RFC6890, April 2013,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6890>.

   [RFC6929]  DeKok, A. and A. Lior, "Remote Authentication Dial In User
              Service (RADIUS) Protocol Extensions", RFC 6929,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC6929, April 2013,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6929>.

   [RFC8044]  DeKok, A., "Data Types in RADIUS", RFC 8044,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC8044, January 2017,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8044>.

   [RFC8174]  Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
              2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
              May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.

   [RFC8415]  Mrugalski, T., Siodelski, M., Volz, B., Yourtchenko, A.,
              Richardson, M., Jiang, S., Lemon, T., and T. Winters,
              "Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6 (DHCPv6)",
              RFC 8415, DOI 10.17487/RFC8415, November 2018,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8415>.

8.2.  Informative References

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   [RFC2132]  Alexander, S. and R. Droms, "DHCP Options and BOOTP Vendor
              Extensions", RFC 2132, DOI 10.17487/RFC2132, March 1997,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2132>.

   [RFC2868]  Zorn, G., Leifer, D., Rubens, A., Shriver, J., Holdrege,
              M., and I. Goyret, "RADIUS Attributes for Tunnel Protocol
              Support", RFC 2868, DOI 10.17487/RFC2868, June 2000,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2868>.

   [RFC4014]  Droms, R. and J. Schnizlein, "Remote Authentication Dial-
              In User Service (RADIUS) Attributes Suboption for the
              Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Relay Agent
              Information Option", RFC 4014, DOI 10.17487/RFC4014,
              February 2005, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4014>.

   [RFC4861]  Narten, T., Nordmark, E., Simpson, W., and H. Soliman,
              "Neighbor Discovery for IP version 6 (IPv6)", RFC 4861,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC4861, September 2007,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4861>.

   [RFC5176]  Chiba, M., Dommety, G., Eklund, M., Mitton, D., and B.
              Aboba, "Dynamic Authorization Extensions to Remote
              Authentication Dial In User Service (RADIUS)", RFC 5176,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC5176, January 2008,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5176>.

   [RFC6614]  Winter, S., McCauley, M., Venaas, S., and K. Wierenga,
              "Transport Layer Security (TLS) Encryption for RADIUS",
              RFC 6614, DOI 10.17487/RFC6614, May 2012,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6614>.

   [RFC6911]  Dec, W., Ed., Sarikaya, B., Zorn, G., Ed., Miles, D., and
              B. Lourdelet, "RADIUS Attributes for IPv6 Access
              Networks", RFC 6911, DOI 10.17487/RFC6911, April 2013,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6911>.

   [RFC7037]  Yeh, L. and M. Boucadair, "RADIUS Option for the DHCPv6
              Relay Agent", RFC 7037, DOI 10.17487/RFC7037, October
              2013, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7037>.

   [RFC7858]  Hu, Z., Zhu, L., Heidemann, J., Mankin, A., Wessels, D.,
              and P. Hoffman, "Specification for DNS over Transport
              Layer Security (TLS)", RFC 7858, DOI 10.17487/RFC7858, May
              2016, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7858>.

   [RFC8484]  Hoffman, P. and P. McManus, "DNS Queries over HTTPS
              (DoH)", RFC 8484, DOI 10.17487/RFC8484, October 2018,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8484>.

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   [RFC8499]  Hoffman, P., Sullivan, A., and K. Fujiwara, "DNS
              Terminology", BCP 219, RFC 8499, DOI 10.17487/RFC8499,
              January 2019, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8499>.

   [RFC9250]  Huitema, C., Dickinson, S., and A. Mankin, "DNS over
              Dedicated QUIC Connections", RFC 9250,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC9250, May 2022,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9250>.

Authors' Addresses

   Mohamed Boucadair
   Orange
   35000 Rennes
   France
   Email: mohamed.boucadair@orange.com

   Tirumaleswar Reddy
   Nokia
   India
   Email: kondtir@gmail.com

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