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Registration Data Access Protocol (RDAP) Partial Response
draft-ietf-regext-rdap-partial-response-16

The information below is for an old version of the document that is already published as an RFC.
Document Type
This is an older version of an Internet-Draft that was ultimately published as RFC 8982.
Authors Mario Loffredo , Maurizio Martinelli
Last updated 2021-02-09 (Latest revision 2020-09-23)
Replaces draft-loffredo-regext-rdap-partial-response
RFC stream Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
Intended RFC status Proposed Standard
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Stream WG state Submitted to IESG for Publication
Document shepherd Jasdip Singh
Shepherd write-up Show Last changed 2020-05-08
IESG IESG state Became RFC 8982 (Proposed Standard)
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Consensus boilerplate Yes
Telechat date (None)
Responsible AD Barry Leiba
Send notices to Jasdip Singh <jasdips@arin.net>
IANA IANA review state Version Changed - Review Needed
IANA action state RFC-Ed-Ack
draft-ietf-regext-rdap-partial-response-16
Registration Protocols Extensions                            M. Loffredo
Internet-Draft                                             M. Martinelli
Intended status: Standards Track                     IIT-CNR/Registro.it
Expires: March 27, 2021                               September 23, 2020

       Registration Data Access Protocol (RDAP) Partial Response
               draft-ietf-regext-rdap-partial-response-16

Abstract

   The Registration Data Access Protocol (RDAP) does not include
   capabilities to request partial responses.  Servers will only return
   full responses that include all of the information that a client is
   authorized to receive.  A partial response capability that limits the
   amount of information returned, especially in the case of search
   queries, could bring benefits to both clients and servers.  This
   document describes an RDAP query extension that allows clients to
   specify their preference for obtaining a partial response.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on March 27, 2021.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2020 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must

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   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2
     1.1.  Conventions Used in This Document . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   2.  RDAP Path Segment Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
     2.1.  Subsetting Metadata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
       2.1.1.  RDAP Conformance  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
       2.1.2.  Representing Subsetting Links . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
   3.  Dealing with Relationships  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
   4.  Basic Field Sets  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
   5.  Negative Answers  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
   6.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
   7.  Implementation Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     7.1.  IIT-CNR/Registro.it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
     7.2.  APNIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
   8.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
   9.  References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
     9.1.  Normative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
     9.2.  Informative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
   Appendix A.  Approaches to Partial Response Implementation  . . .  11
     A.1.  Specific Issues Raised by RDAP  . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
   Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
   Change Log  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  15

1.  Introduction

   The use of partial responses in RESTful API [REST] design is very
   common.  The rationale is quite simple: instead of returning objects
   in API responses with all data fields, only a subset of the fields in
   each result object is returned.  The benefit is obvious: less data
   transferred over the network means less bandwidth usage, faster
   server responses, less CPU time spent both on the server and the
   client, and less memory usage on the client.

   Currently, RDAP does not provide a client with any way to request a
   partial response.  Servers can only provide the client with a full
   response [RFC7483].  Servers cannot limit the amount of information
   returned in a response based on a client's preferences, and this
   creates inefficiencies.

   The protocol described in this specification extends RDAP search
   capabilities to enable partial responses through the provisioning of
   pre-defined sets of fields that clients can submit to an RDAP service

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   by adding a new query parameter.  The service is implemented using
   the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) [RFC7230] and the conventions
   described in [RFC7480].

1.1.  Conventions Used in This Document

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
   "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP
   14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
   capitals, as shown here.

2.  RDAP Path Segment Specification

   The path segment defined in this section is an OPTIONAL extension of
   search path segments defined in [RFC7482].  This document defines an
   RDAP query parameter, "fieldSet", whose value is a non-empty string
   identifying a server-defined set of fields returned in place of the
   full response.  The field sets supported by a server are usually
   described in out-of-band documents (e.g., RDAP profile) together with
   other features.  Moreover, this document defines in Section 2.1 an
   in-band mechanism by means of which servers can provide clients with
   a basic information about the supported field sets.

   The following is an example of an RDAP query including the "fieldSet"
   parameter:

   https://example.com/rdap/domains?name=example*.com&fieldSet=afieldset

   This solution can be implemented by RDAP providers with less effort
   than field selection and is easily requested by clients.  The
   considerations that have led to this solution are described in more
   detail in Appendix A.

2.1.  Subsetting Metadata

   According to most advanced principles in REST design, collectively
   known as HATEOAS (Hypermedia as the Engine of Application State)
   [HATEOAS], a client entering a REST application through an initial
   URI should use server-provided links to dynamically discover
   available actions and access the resources it needs.  In this way,
   the client is not required to have prior knowledge of the service
   and, consequently, to hard code the URIs of different resources.
   This allows the server to make URI changes as the API evolves without
   breaking clients.  Definitively, a REST service should be as self-
   descriptive as possible.

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   Therefore, servers implementing the query parameter described in this
   specification SHOULD provide additional information in their
   responses about the available field sets.  Such information is
   collected in a new JSON data structure named "subsetting_metadata"
   containing the following properties:

   o  "currentFieldSet": "String" (REQUIRED) either the value of the
      "fieldSet" parameter as specified in the query string, or the
      field set applied by default;

   o  "availableFieldSets": "AvailableFieldSet[]" (OPTIONAL) an array of
      objects, with each element describing an available field set.  The
      AvailableFieldSet object includes the following members:

      *  "name": "String" (REQUIRED) the field set name;
      *  "default": "Boolean" (REQUIRED) whether the field set is
         applied by default.  An RDAP server MUST define only one
         default field set;
      *  "description": "String" (OPTIONAL) a human-readable description
         of the field set;
      *  "links": "Link[]" (OPTIONAL) an array of links as described in
         [RFC8288] containing the query string that applies the field
         set (see Section 2.1.2).

2.1.1.  RDAP Conformance

   Servers returning the "subsetting_metadata" section in their
   responses MUST include "subsetting" in the rdapConformance array.

2.1.2.  Representing Subsetting Links

   An RDAP server MAY use the "links" array of the "subsetting_metadata"
   element to provide ready-made references [RFC8288] to the available
   field sets (Figure 1).  The target URI in each link is the reference
   to an alternative to the current view of results identified by the
   context URI.

   The "value", "rel" and "href" JSON values MUST be specified.  All
   other JSON values are OPTIONAL.

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   {
     "rdapConformance": [
       "rdap_level_0",
       "subsetting"
     ],
     ...
     "subsetting_metadata": {
       "currentFieldSet": "afieldset",
       "availableFieldSets": [
         {
         "name": "anotherfieldset",
         "description": "Contains some fields",
         "default": false,
         "links": [
           {
           "value": "https://example.com/rdap/domains?name=example*.com
                     &fieldSet=afieldset",
           "rel": "alternate",
           "href": "https://example.com/rdap/domains?name=example*.com
                    &fieldSet=anotherfieldset",
           "title": "Result Subset Link",
           "type": "application/rdap+json"
           }
         ]
         },
       ...
       ]
     },
     ...
     "domainSearchResults": [
       ...
     ]
   }

           Figure 1: Example of a "subsetting_metadata" instance

3.  Dealing with Relationships

   Representation of second level objects within a field set produces
   additional considerations.  Since the representation of the topmost
   returned objects will vary according to the field set in use, the
   response may contain no relationships (e.g., for an abbreviated field
   set) or may contain associated objects as in a normal RDAP query
   response.  Each field set can indicate the format of the additional
   objects to be returned, in the same manner that the format of the
   topmost objects is controlled by the field set.

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4.  Basic Field Sets

   This section defines three basic field sets which servers MAY
   implement to facilitate their interaction with clients:

   o  "id": the server provides only the key field: "handle" for
      entities, "ldhName" for domains and nameservers.  If a returned
      domain or nameserver is an Internationalized Domain Name (IDN)
      [RFC5890], then the "unicodeName" field MUST additionally be
      included in the response.  This field set could be used when the
      client wants to obtain a collection of object identifiers
      (Figure 2);

   o  "brief": the field set contains the fields that can be included in
      a "short" response.  This field set could be used when the client
      is asking for a subset of the full response which provides only
      basic knowledge of each object;

   o  "full": the field set contains all of the information the server
      can provide for a particular object.

   The "objectClassName" field is implicitly included in each of the
   above field sets.  RDAP providers SHOULD include a "links" field
   indicating the "self" link relationship.  RDAP providers MAY also add
   any property providing service information.

   Fields included in the "brief" and "full" field set responses MUST
   take into account the user's access and authorization levels.

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   {
     "rdapConformance": [
       "rdap_level_0",
       "subsetting"
     ],
     ...
     "domainSearchResults": [
       {
         "objectClassName": "domain",
         "ldhName": "example1.com",
         "links": [
           {
           "value": "https://example.com/rdap/domain/example1.com",
           "rel": "self",
           "href": "https://example.com/rdap/domain/example1.com",
           "type": "application/rdap+json"
           }
         ]
       },
       {
         "objectClassName": "domain",
         "ldhName": "example2.com",
         "links": [
           {
           "value": "https://example.com/rdap/domain/example2.com",
           "rel": "self",
           "href": "https://example.com/rdap/domain/example2.com",
           "type": "application/rdap+json"
           }
         ]
       },
       ...
     ]
   }

    Figure 2: Example of RDAP response according to the "id" field set

5.  Negative Answers

   Each request including an empty or unsupported "fieldSet" value MUST
   produce an HTTP 400 (Bad Request) response code.  Optionally, the
   response MAY include additional information regarding the supported
   field sets in the HTTP entity body (Figure 3).

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   {
       "errorCode": 400,
       "title": "Field set 'unknownfieldset' is not valid",
       "description": [
           "Supported field sets are: 'afieldset', 'anotherfieldset'."
       ]

   }

   Figure 3: Example of RDAP error response due to an invalid field set
                          included in the request

6.  IANA Considerations

   IANA is requested to register the following value in the RDAP
   Extensions Registry:

      Extension identifier: subsetting
      Registry operator: Any
      Published specification: This document.
      Contact: IETF <iesg@ietf.org>
      Intended usage: This extension describes best practice for partial
      response provisioning.

7.  Implementation Status

   NOTE: Please remove this section and the reference to RFC 7942 prior
   to publication as an RFC.

   This section records the status of known implementations of the
   protocol defined by this specification at the time of posting of this
   Internet-Draft, and is based on a proposal described in [RFC7942].
   The description of implementations in this section is intended to
   assist the IETF in its decision processes in progressing drafts to
   RFCs.  Please note that the listing of any individual implementation
   here does not imply endorsement by the IETF.  Furthermore, no effort
   has been spent to verify the information presented here that was
   supplied by IETF contributors.  This is not intended as, and must not
   be construed to be, a catalog of available implementations or their
   features.  Readers are advised to note that other implementations may
   exist.

   According to RFC 7942, "this will allow reviewers and working groups
   to assign due consideration to documents that have the benefit of
   running code, which may serve as evidence of valuable experimentation
   and feedback that have made the implemented protocols more mature.
   It is up to the individual working groups to use this information as
   they see fit".

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7.1.  IIT-CNR/Registro.it

      Responsible Organization: Institute of Informatics and Telematics
      of the National Research Council (IIT-CNR)/Registro.it
      Location: https://rdap.pubtest.nic.it/
      Description: This implementation includes support for RDAP queries
      using data from .it public test environment.
      Level of Maturity: This is an "alpha" test implementation.
      Coverage: This implementation includes all of the features
      described in this specification.
      Contact Information: Mario Loffredo, mario.loffredo@iit.cnr.it

7.2.  APNIC

      Responsible Organization: Asia-Pacific Network Information Centre
      Location: https://github.com/APNIC-net/rdap-rmp-demo/tree/partial-
      response
      Description: A proof-of-concept for RDAP mirroring.
      Level of Maturity: This is a proof-of-concept implementation.
      Coverage: This implementation includes all of the features
      described in this specification.
      Contact Information: Tom Harrison, tomh@apnic.net

8.  Security Considerations

   A search query typically requires more server resources (such as
   memory, CPU cycles, and network bandwidth) when compared to a lookup
   query.  This increases the risk of server resource exhaustion and
   subsequent denial of service.  This risk can be mitigated by
   supporting the return of partial responses combined with other
   strategies (e.g. restricting search functionality, limiting the rate
   of search requests, and truncating and paging results).

   Support for partial responses gives RDAP operators the ability to
   implement data access control policies based on the HTTP
   authentication mechanisms described in [RFC7481].  RDAP operators can
   vary the information returned in RDAP responses based on a client's
   access and authorization levels.  For example:

   o  the list of fields for each set can differ based on the client's
      access and authorization levels;

   o  the set of available field sets could be restricted based on the
      client's access and authorization levels.

   Servers can also define different result limits according to the
   available field sets, so a more flexible truncation strategy can be
   implemented.  The new query parameter presented in this document

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   provides RDAP operators with a way to implement a server that reduces
   inefficiency risks.

9.  References

9.1.  Normative References

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

   [RFC5890]  Klensin, J., "Internationalized Domain Names for
              Applications (IDNA): Definitions and Document Framework",
              RFC 5890, DOI 10.17487/RFC5890, August 2010,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5890>.

   [RFC7230]  Fielding, R., Ed. and J. Reschke, Ed., "Hypertext Transfer
              Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Message Syntax and Routing",
              RFC 7230, DOI 10.17487/RFC7230, June 2014,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7230>.

   [RFC7480]  Newton, A., Ellacott, B., and N. Kong, "HTTP Usage in the
              Registration Data Access Protocol (RDAP)", RFC 7480,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC7480, March 2015,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7480>.

   [RFC7481]  Hollenbeck, S. and N. Kong, "Security Services for the
              Registration Data Access Protocol (RDAP)", RFC 7481,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC7481, March 2015,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7481>.

   [RFC7482]  Newton, A. and S. Hollenbeck, "Registration Data Access
              Protocol (RDAP) Query Format", RFC 7482,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC7482, March 2015,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7482>.

   [RFC7483]  Newton, A. and S. Hollenbeck, "JSON Responses for the
              Registration Data Access Protocol (RDAP)", RFC 7483,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC7483, March 2015,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7483>.

   [RFC7942]  Sheffer, Y. and A. Farrel, "Improving Awareness of Running
              Code: The Implementation Status Section", BCP 205,
              RFC 7942, DOI 10.17487/RFC7942, July 2016,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7942>.

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   [RFC8174]  Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
              2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
              May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.

   [RFC8288]  Nottingham, M., "Web Linking", RFC 8288,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC8288, October 2017,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8288>.

9.2.  Informative References

   [CQL]      Whitaker, G., "Catnap Query Language Reference", September
              2017, <https://github.com/gregwhitaker/catnap/wiki/Catnap-
              Query-Language-Reference>.

   [HATEOAS]  Jedrzejewski, B., "HATEOAS - a simple explanation", 2018,
              <https://www.e4developer.com/2018/02/16/hateoas-simple-
              explanation/>.

   [REST]     Fielding, R., "Architectural Styles and the Design of
              Network-based Software Architectures", 2000,
              <http://www.ics.uci.edu/~fielding/pubs/dissertation/
              fielding_dissertation.pdf>.

Appendix A.  Approaches to Partial Response Implementation

   Looking at the implementation experiences of partial response offered
   by data providers on the web, two approaches are observed:

   o  the client explicitly describes the data fields to be returned;

   o  the client describes a name identifying a server-defined set of
      data fields.

   The former is more flexible than the latter because clients can
   specify all the data fields they need.  However, it has some
   drawbacks:

   o  fields have to be declared according to a given syntax.  This is a
      simple task when the data structure of the object is flat, but it
      is much more difficult when the object has a tree structure like
      that of a JSON object.  The presence of arrays and deep nested
      objects complicate both the syntax definition of the query and,
      consequently, the processing required on the server side;

   o  clients need to recognize the returned data structure to avoid
      cases when the requested fields are invalid;

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   o  the request of some fields might not match the client's access and
      authorization levels.  Clients might request unauthorized fields
      and servers have to define a strategy for responding, such as
      always returning an error response or returning a response that
      ignores the unauthorized fields.

A.1.  Specific Issues Raised by RDAP

   In addition to those listed above, RDAP responses raise some specific
   issues:

   o  relevant entity object information is included in a jCard, but
      such information cannot be easily selected because it is split
      into the items of a jagged array;

   o  RDAP responses contain some properties providing service
      information (e.g. rdapConformance, links, notices, remarks, etc.)
      which are not normally selected but they are just as important.
      They could be returned anyway but, in this case, the server would
      provide unrequested data.

   It is possible to address these issues.  For example, the Catnap
   Query Language [CQL] is a comprehensive expression language that can
   be used to customize the JSON response of a RESTful web service.
   Application of CQL to RDAP responses would explicitly identify the
   output fields that would be acceptable when a few fields are
   requested but it would become very complicated when processing a
   larger number of fields.  In the following, two CQL expressions for a
   domain search query are shown (Figure 4).  In the first, only
   objectClassName and ldhName are requested.  In the second, the fields
   of a possible WHOIS-like response are listed.

   https://example.com/rdap/domains?name=example*.com
           &fields=domainSearchResults(objectClassName,ldhName)

   https://example.com/rdap/domains?name=example*.com
           &fields=domainSearchResults(objectClassName,ldhName,
                   unicodeName,
                   status,
                   events(eventAction,eventDate),
                   entities(objectClassName,handle,roles),
                   nameservers(objectClassName,ldhName))

      Figure 4: Examples of CQL expressions for a domain search query

   The field set approach seems to facilitate RDAP interoperability.
   Servers can define basic field sets which, if known to clients, can

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   increase the probability of obtaining a valid response.  The usage of
   field sets makes the query string be less complex.  Moreover, the
   definition of pre-defined sets of fields makes it easier to establish
   result limits.

   Finally, considering that there is no real need for RDAP users to
   have the maximum flexibility in defining all the possible sets of
   logically connected fields (e.g. users interested in domains usually
   need to know the status, the creation date, and the expiry date of
   each domain), the field set approach is preferred.

Acknowledgements

   The authors would like to acknowledge Scott Hollenbeck, Tom Harrison,
   Karl Heinz Wolf, Jasdip Singh, Patrick Mevzek, Benjamin Kaduk, Roman
   Danyliw, Murray Kucherawy, Erik Kline and Robert Wilton for their
   contribution to this document.

Change Log

   00:  Initial working group version ported from draft-loffredo-regext-
      rdap-partial-response-03
   01:  Removed "FOR DISCUSSION" items.  Changed the basic field sets
      from REQUIRED to OPTIONAL.  Removed the definition of fields
      included in "brief" field set.  Provided a more detailed
      description of "subsetting_metadata" structure.  Removed some
      references.
   02:  Added the "Negative Answers" section.  Changed "IANA
      Considerations" section.
   03:  Added the "unicodeName" field in the id fieldSet when a returned
      domain or nameserver is an IDN.  Added RFC5890 to "Normative
      References" section.
   04:  Recommended the RDAP providers to include a "self" link in any
      field set other than "full".  Updated "Acknowledgements" section.
   05:  Moved "Approaches to Partial Response Implementation" section to
      the appendix.
   06:  Clarified the use of self links in "Basic Field Sets" section.
      Added APNIC to the implementations of the "Implementation Status"
      section.
   07:  Changed "only a subset is returned" to "only a subset of fields
      in each result object is returned" in the "Introduction" section.
      Moved the "RDAP Conformance" section up in the document.  Updated
      the "Acknowledgements" section.
   08:  Changed the rdapConformance tag "subsetting_level_0" to
      "subsetting".  Moved [RFC7942] to the "Normative References".
   09:  Corrected the "rdapConformance" content in Figure 2.

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   10:  Corrected the JSON content in Figure 1.  Clarified the meaning
      of both context and target URIs in a result subset link defined in
      Section 2.1.2.  Updated the "Acknowledgements" section.
   11:  Minor pre-AD review edits.
   12:  Additional minor pre-AD review edits.
   13:  Edits due to Gen-ART review: in the first paragraph of Section 2
      clarified how field sets are defined by a server, in the first
      sentence of Section 5 replaced SHOULD with MUST.  Other minor
      edits due to AD review.
   14:  Edits due to IESG review:

      *  replaced "fewer data transferred" with "less data transferred"
         in the "Introduction" section;
      *  in the "Subsetting Metadata" section:

         +  replaced the phrase "collected in a new data structure" with
            the phrase "collected in a new JSON data structure";
         +  replaced "Members are:" with "The AvailableFieldSet object
            includes the following members:";
         +  clarified that an RDAP server MUST define only one default
            field set;
      *  clarified the required members of a Link object in the
         "Representing Subsetting Links" section;
      *  rewritten the "Dealing with Relationships" section;
      *  in the "Basic Field Sets" section:

         +  replaced the phrase "include a 'self' link in each field
            set" with the phrase "include a 'links' field indicating the
            'self' link relationship";
         +  replaced the phrase "'unicodeName' field MUST be included"
            with the phrase "'unicodeName' field MUST additionally be
            included";
      *  in the "Negative Answers" section:

         +  replaced the phrase "the response MAY include additional
            information regarding the negative answer" with the phrase
            "the response MAY include additional information regarding
            the supported field sets";
         +  added a new example;
      *  replaced the phrase "and subsequent denial of service due to
         abuse" with the phrase "and subsequent denial of service" in
         "Security Considerations" section;
      *  corrected the [REST] reference in the "Informative References"
         section;
      *  in "Appendix A":

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Internet-Draft            RDAP Partial Response           September 2020

         +  added the phrase " offered by data providers on the web"
            after the phrase "Looking at the implementation experiences
            of partial response";
         +  replaced the phrase "servers should define a strategy" with
            the phrase "servers have to define a strategy";
         +  replaced the term "latter approach" with the term "field set
            approach" in the "Appendix A.1" section;
      *  updated the "Acknowledgements" section.
   15:  Minor edit in the "Appendix A.1" section;
   16:  Changed a figure containing only an RDAP query into text.  Made
      the RDAP queries uniform.  Other minor edits.

Authors' Addresses

   Mario Loffredo
   IIT-CNR/Registro.it
   Via Moruzzi,1
   Pisa  56124
   IT

   Email: mario.loffredo@iit.cnr.it
   URI:   http://www.iit.cnr.it

   Maurizio Martinelli
   IIT-CNR/Registro.it
   Via Moruzzi,1
   Pisa  56124
   IT

   Email: maurizio.martinelli@iit.cnr.it
   URI:   http://www.iit.cnr.it

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