Remote-LFA Node Protection and Manageability
draft-ietf-rtgwg-rlfa-node-protection-02
The information below is for an old version of the document.
Document | Type |
This is an older version of an Internet-Draft that was ultimately published as RFC 8102.
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Authors | Hannes Gredler , Shraddha Hegde , Chris Bowers , Stephane Litkowski , Harish Raghuveer | ||
Last updated | 2015-06-15 | ||
Replaces | draft-psarkar-rtgwg-rlfa-node-protection | ||
RFC stream | Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) | ||
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Reviews |
RTGDIR Early review
by Mike Shand
Has issues
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Additional resources | Mailing list discussion | ||
Stream | WG state | WG Document | |
Document shepherd | (None) | ||
IESG | IESG state | Became RFC 8102 (Proposed Standard) | |
Consensus boilerplate | Unknown | ||
Telechat date | (None) | ||
Responsible AD | (None) | ||
Send notices to | "Jeff Tantsura" <jeff.tantsura@ericsson.com> |
draft-ietf-rtgwg-rlfa-node-protection-02
Routing Area Working Group P. Sarkar, Ed. Internet-Draft H. Gredler Intended status: Standards Track S. Hegde Expires: December 17, 2015 C. Bowers Juniper Networks, Inc. S. Litkowski Orange H. Raghuveer June 15, 2015 Remote-LFA Node Protection and Manageability draft-ietf-rtgwg-rlfa-node-protection-02 Abstract The loop-free alternates computed following the current Remote-LFA [I-D.ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa] specification gaurantees only link- protection. The resulting Remote-LFA nexthops (also called PQ- nodes), may not gaurantee node-protection for all destinations being protected by it. This document describes procedures for determining if a given PQ-node provides node-protection for a specific destination or not. The document also shows how the same procedure can be utilised for collection of complete characteristics for alternate paths. Knowledge about the characteristics of all alternate path is precursory to apply operator defined policy for eliminating paths not fitting constraints. Requirements Language The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC2119 [RFC2119]. Status of This Memo This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet- Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any Sarkar, et al. Expires December 17, 2015 [Page 1] Internet-DraftRemote-LFA Node Protection and Manageability June 2015 time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." This Internet-Draft will expire on December 17, 2015. Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2015 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License. Table of Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. Node Protection with Remote-LFA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2.1. The Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.2. Few Additional Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.2.1. Link-Protecting Extended P-Space . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.2.2. Node-Protecting Extended P-Space . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.2.3. Q-Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.2.4. Link-Protecting PQ Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.2.5. Candidate Node-Protecting PQ Space . . . . . . . . . 8 2.3. Computing Node-protecting R-LFA Path . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.3.1. Computing Candidate Node-protecting PQ-Nodes for Primary nexthops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.3.2. Computing node-protecting paths from PQ-nodes to destinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2.3.3. Limiting extra computational overhead . . . . . . . . 12 3. Manageabilty of Remote-LFA Alternate Paths . . . . . . . . . 13 3.1. The Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 3.2. The Solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 4. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 5. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 6. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 7. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 7.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 7.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Sarkar, et al. Expires December 17, 2015 [Page 2] Internet-DraftRemote-LFA Node Protection and Manageability June 2015 1. Introduction The Remote-LFA [I-D.ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa] specification provides loop-free alternates that gaurantees only link-protection. The resulting Remote-LFA alternate nexthops (also referred to as the PQ- nodes) may not provide node-protection for all destinations covered by the same, in case of failure of the primary nexthop node. Neither does the specification provide a means to determine the same. Also, the LFA Manageability [I-D.ietf-rtgwg-lfa-manageability] document, requires a computing router to find all possible (including all possible Remote-LFA) alternate nexthops, collect the complete set of path characteristics for each alternate path, run a alternate- selection policy (configured by the operator), and find the best alternate path. This will require the Remote-LFA implementation to gather all the required path characteristics along each link on the entire Remote-LFA alternate path. With current LFA [RFC5286] and Remote-LFA implementations, the forward SPF (and reverse SPF) is run on the computing router and its immediate 1-hop routers as the roots. While that enables computation of path attributes (e.g. SRLG, Admin-groups) for first alternate path segment from the computing router to the PQ-node, there is no means for the computing router to gather any path attributes for the path segment from the PQ-node to destination. Consecutively any policy-based selection of alternate paths will consider only the path attributes from the computing router up until the PQ-node. This document describes a procedure for determining node-protection with Remote-LFA. The same procedure are also extended for collection of complete set of path attributes, enabling more accurate policy- based selection for alternate paths obtained with Remote-LFA. 2. Node Protection with Remote-LFA Node-protection is required to provide protection of traffic on a given forwarding node, against the failure of the first-hop node on the primary forwarding path. Such protection becomes more critical in the absence of mechanisms like non-stop-routing in the network. Certain operators refrains from deploying non-stop-routing in their network, due to the significant additional performance complexities it comes along with. In such cases node-protection is a must to gaurantee un-interrupted flow of traffic, even in the case of an entire forwarding node going down. The following sections discusses the node-protection problem in the context of Remote-LFA and proposes a solution for solving the same. Sarkar, et al. Expires December 17, 2015 [Page 3] Internet-DraftRemote-LFA Node Protection and Manageability June 2015 2.1. The Problem To better illustrate the problem and the solution proposed in this document the following topology diagram from the Remote-LFA [I-D.ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa] draft is being re-used with slight modification. D1 / S-x-E / \ N R3--D2 \ / R1---R2 Figure 1: Topology 1 In the above topology, for all (non-ECMP) destinations reachable via the S-E link there is no standard LFA alternate. As per the Remote- LFA [I-D.ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa] alternate specifications node R2 being the only PQ-node for the S-E link provides nexthop for all the above destinations. Table 1 below, shows all possible primary and Remote-LFA alternate paths for each destination. +-------------+--------------+---------+-------------------------+ | Destination | Primary Path | PQ-node | Remote-LFA Backup Path | +-------------+--------------+---------+-------------------------+ | R3 | S->E->R3 | R2 | S=>N=>R1=>R2->R3 | | E | S->E | R2 | S=>N=>R1=>R2->R3->E | | D1 | S->E->D1 | R2 | S=>N=>R1=>R2->R3->E->D1 | | D2 | S->E->R3->D2 | R2 | S=>N=>R1=>R2->R3->D2 | +-------------+--------------+---------+-------------------------+ Table 1: Remote-LFA backup paths via PQ-node R2 A closer look at Table 1 shows that, while the PQ-node R2 provides link-protection for all the destinations, it does not provide node- protection for destinations E and D1. In the event of the node- failure on primary nexthop E, the alternate path from Remote-LFA nexthop R2 to E and D1 also becomes unavailable. So for a Remote-LFA nexthop to provide node-protection for a given destination, it is mandatory that, the shortest path from the given PQ-node to the given destination MUST not traverse the primary nexthop. In another extension of the topology in Figure 1 let us consider an additional link between N and E. Sarkar, et al. Expires December 17, 2015 [Page 4] Internet-DraftRemote-LFA Node Protection and Manageability June 2015 D1 / S-x-E / / \ N---+ R3--D2 \ / R1---R2 Figure 2: Topology 2 In the above topology, the S-E link is no more on any of the shortest paths from N to R3. Hence R3 is also included in both the Extended-P space and PQ space of E (w.r.t S-E link). Table 2 below, shows all possible primary and R-LFA alternate paths via PQ-node R3, for each destination reachable through the S-E link in the above topology. The R-LFA alternate paths via PQ-node R2 remains same as in Table 1. +-------------+--------------+---------+------------------------+ | Destination | Primary Path | PQ-node | Remote-LFA Backup Path | +-------------+--------------+---------+------------------------+ | R3 | S->E->R3 | R3 | S=>N=>E=>R3 | | E | S->E | R3 | S=>N=>E=>R3->E | | D1 | S->E->D1 | R3 | S=>N=>E=>R3->E->D1 | | D2 | S->E->R3->D2 | R3 | S=>N=>E=>R3->D2 | +-------------+--------------+---------+------------------------+ Table 2: Remote-LFA backup paths via PQ-node R3 Again a closer look at Table 2 shows that, unlike Table 1, where the single PQ-node R2 provided node-protection, for destinations R3 and D1, if we choose R3 as the R-LFA nexthop, it does not provide node- protection for R3 and D1 anymore. If S chooses R3 as the R-LFA nexthop, in the event of the node-failure on primary nexthop E, the alternate path from S to R-LFA nexthop R3 also becomes unavailable. So for a Remote-LFA nexthop to provide node-protection for a given destination, it is also mandatory that, the shortest path from S to the chosen PQ-node MUST not traverse the primary nexthop node. 2.2. Few Additional Definitions This document adds and enhances the following definitions extending the ones mentioned in Remote-LFA [I-D.ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa] draft. 2.2.1. Link-Protecting Extended P-Space The Remote-LFA [I-D.ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa] draft already defines this. The link-protecting extended P-space for a link S-E being protected is the set of routers that are reachable from one or more Sarkar, et al. Expires December 17, 2015 [Page 5] Internet-DraftRemote-LFA Node Protection and Manageability June 2015 direct neighbors of S, except primary node E, without traversing the S-E link on any of the shortest path from the direct neighbor to the router. This MUST exclude any direct neighbor for which there is atleast one ECMP path from the direct neighbor traversing the link(S-E) being protected. A node Y is in link-protecting extended P-space w.r.t to the link (S-E) being protected, if and only if, there exists atleast one direct neighbor of S, Ni, other than primary nexthop E, that satisfies the following condition. D_opt(Ni,Y) < D_opt(Ni,S) + D_opt(S,Y) Where, D_opt(A,B) : Distance on most optimum path from A to B. Ni : A direct neighbor of S other than primary nexthop E. Y : The node being evaluated for link-protecting extended P-Space. Figure 3: Link-Protecting Ext-P-Space Condition 2.2.2. Node-Protecting Extended P-Space The node-protecting extended P-space for a primary nexthop node E being protected, is the set of routers that are reachable from one or more direct neighbors of S, except primary node E, without traversing the node E. This MUST exclude any direct neighbors for which there is atleast one ECMP path from the direct neighbor traversing the node E being protected. A node Y is in node-protecting extended P-space w.r.t to the node E being protected, if and only if, there exists atleast one direct neighbor of S, Ni, other than primary nexthop E, that satisfies the following condition. Sarkar, et al. Expires December 17, 2015 [Page 6] Internet-DraftRemote-LFA Node Protection and Manageability June 2015 D_opt(Ni,Y) < D_opt(Ni,E) + D_opt(E,Y) Where, D_opt(A,B) : Distance on most optimum path from A to B. E : The primary nexthop on shortest path from S to destination. Ni : A direct neighbor of S other than primary nexthop E. Y : The node being evaluated for node-protecting extended P-Space. Figure 4: Node-Protecting Ext-P-Space Condition It must be noted that a node Y satisfying the condition in Figure 4 above only guarantees that the R-LFA alternate path segment from S via direct neighbor Ni to the node Y is not affected in the event of a node failure of E. It does not yet guarantee that the path segment from node Y to the destination is also unaffected by the same failure event. 2.2.3. Q-Space The Remote-LFA [I-D.ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa] draft already defines this. The Q-space for a link S-E being protected is the set of routers that can reach primary node E, without traversing the S-E link on any of the shortest path from the node Y to primary nexthop E. This MUST exclude any destination for which there is atleast one ECMP path from the node Y to the primary nexthop E traversing the link(S-E) being protected. A node Y is in Q-space w.r.t to the link (S-E) being protected, if and only if, the following condition is satisfied. D_opt(Y,E) < D_opt(S,E) + D_opt(Y,S) Where, D_opt(A,B) : Distance on most optimum path from A to B. E : The primary nexthop on shortest path from S to destination. Y : The node being evaluated for Q-Space. Figure 5: Q-Space Condition Sarkar, et al. Expires December 17, 2015 [Page 7] Internet-DraftRemote-LFA Node Protection and Manageability June 2015 2.2.4. Link-Protecting PQ Space A node Y is in link-protecting PQ space w.r.t to the link (S-E) being protected, if and only if, Y is present in both link-protecting extended P-space and the Q-space for the link being protected. 2.2.5. Candidate Node-Protecting PQ Space A node Y is in candidate node-protecting PQ space w.r.t to the node (E) being protected, if and only if, Y is present in both node- protecting extended P-space and the Q-space for the link being protected. Again it must be noted that a node Y being in candidate node- protecting PQ-space does not guarantee that the R-LFA alternate path via the same, in entirety, is unaffected in the event of a node failure of primary nexthop node E. It only guarantees that the path segment from S to PQ-node Y is unaffected by the same failure event. The PQ-nodes in the candidate node-protecting PQ space may provide node protection for only a subset of destinations that are reachable through the corresponding primary link. 2.3. Computing Node-protecting R-LFA Path The R-LFA alternate path through a given PQ-node to a given destination comprises of two path segments as follows. 1. Path segment from the computing router to the PQ-node (Remote-LFA alternate nexthop), and 2. Path segment from the PQ-node to the destination being protected. So to ensure a R-LFA alternate path for a given destination provides node-protection we need to ensure that none of the above path segments are unaffected in the event of failure of the primary nexthop node. Sections Section 2.3.1 and Section 2.3.2 shows how this can be ensured. 2.3.1. Computing Candidate Node-protecting PQ-Nodes for Primary nexthops To choose a node-protecting R-LFA nexthop for a destination R3, router S needs to consider a PQ-node from the candidate node- protecting PQ-space for the primary nexthop E on shortest path from S to R3. As mentioned in Section 2.2.2, to consider a PQ-node as candidate node-protecting PQ-node, there must be atleast one direct neighbor Ni of S, such that all shortest paths from Ni to the PQ-node does not traverse primary nexthop node E. Sarkar, et al. Expires December 17, 2015 [Page 8] Internet-DraftRemote-LFA Node Protection and Manageability June 2015 Implementations should run the inequality in Section 2.2.2 Figure 4 for all direct neighbor, other than primary nexthop node E, to determine whether a node Y is a candidate node-protecting PQ-node. All of the metrics needed by this inequality would have been already collected from the forward SPFs rooted at each of direct neighbor S, computed as part of standard LFA [RFC5286] implementation. With reference to the topology in Figure 2, Table 3 below shows how the above condition can be used to determine the candidate node- protecting PQ-space for S-E link (primary nexthop E) +------------+----------+----------+----------+---------+-----------+ | Candidate | Direct | D_opt | D_opt | D_opt | Condition | | PQ-node | Nbr (Ni) | (Ni,Y) | (Ni,E) | (E,Y) | Met | | (Y) | | | | | | +------------+----------+----------+----------+---------+-----------+ | R2 | N | 2 (N,R2) | 1 (N,E) | 2 | Yes | | | | | | (E,R2) | | | R3 | N | 2 (N,R3) | 1 (N,E) | 1 | No | | | | | | (E,R3) | | +------------+----------+----------+----------+---------+-----------+ Table 3: Node-protection evaluation for R-LFA repair tunnel to PQ- node As seen in the above Table 3 , R3 does not meet the node-protecting extended-p-space inequality And so, while R2 is in candidate node- protecting PQ space, R3 is not. Some SPF implementations may also produce a list of links and nodes traversed on the shortest path(s) from a given root to others. In such implementations, router S may have executed a forward SPF with each of it's direct neighbors as the SPF root, executed as part of the standard LFA [RFC5286] computations. So S may re-use the list of links and nodes collected from the same SPF computations, to decide whether a node Y is a candidate node-protecting PQ-node or not. A node Y shall be considered as a node-protecting PQ-node, if and only if, there is atleast one direct neighbor of S, other than the primary nexthop E, for which, the primary nexthop node E does not exist on the list of nodes traversed on any of the shortest path(s) from the direct neighbor to the PQ-node. Table 4 below is an illustration of the mechanism with the topology in Figure 2. Sarkar, et al. Expires December 17, 2015 [Page 9] Internet-DraftRemote-LFA Node Protection and Manageability June 2015 +-----------+-------------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Candidate | Repair Tunnel | Link-Protection | Node-Protection | | PQ-node | Path(Repairing | | | | | router to PQ- | | | | | node) | | | +-----------+-------------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | R2 | S->N->R1->R2 | Yes | Yes | | R2 | S->E->R3->R2 | No | No | | R3 | S->N->E->R3 | Yes | No | +-----------+-------------------+-----------------+-----------------+ Table 4: Protection of Remote-LFA tunnel to the PQ-node As seen in the above Table 4 while R2 is candidate node-protecting Remote-LFA nexthop for R3 and D2, it is not so for E and D1, since the primary nexthop E is in the shortest path from R2 to E and F. 2.3.2. Computing node-protecting paths from PQ-nodes to destinations Once a computing router finds all the candidate node-protecting PQ- nodes for a given directly attached primary link, it shall follow the procedure in proposed in this section, to choose one or more node- protecting R-LFA paths, for destinations reachable through the same primary link in the primary SPF graph. To find a node-protecting R-LFA path for a given destination, the computing router needs to pick a subset of PQ-nodes from the candidate node-protecting PQ-space for the corresponding primary nexthop, such that all the path(s) from the PQ-node(s) to the given destination remain unaffected in the event of a node failure of primary nexthop node. To ensure this, the computing router will need to ensure that, the primary nexthop node should not be on any of the shortest paths from the PQ-node to the given destination. This document proposes an additional forward SPF computation for each of the PQ-nodes, to discover all shortest paths from the PQ-nodes to the destination. The additional forward SPF computation for each PQ- node, shall help determine, if a given primary nexthop node is on the shortest paths from the PQ-node to the given destination or not. To determine if a given candidate node-protecting PQ-node provides node- protecting alternate for a given destination, the primary nexthop node should not be on any of the shortest paths from the PQ-node to the given destination. On running the forward SPF on a candidate node-protecting PQ-node the computing router shall run the inequality in Figure 6 below. PQ-nodes that does not qualify the condition for a given destination, does not gaurantee node-protection for the path segment from the PQ-node to the given destination. Sarkar, et al. Expires December 17, 2015 [Page 10] Internet-DraftRemote-LFA Node Protection and Manageability June 2015 D_opt(Y,D) < D_opt(Y,E) + Distance_opt(E,D) Where, D_opt(A,B) : Distance on most optimum path from A to B. D : The destination node. E : The primary nexthop on shortest path from S to destination. Y : The node-protecting PQ-node being evaluated Figure 6: Node-Protecting Condition for PQ-node to Destination All of the above metric costs except D_opt(Y, D), can be obtained with forward and reverse SPFs with E(the primary nexthop) as the root, run as part of the regular LFA and Remote-LFA implementation. The Distance_opt(Y, D) metric can only be determined by the additional forward SPF run with PQ-node Y as the root. With reference to the topology in Figure 2, Table 5 below shows how the above condition can be used to determine node-protection with node- protecting PQ-node R2. +-------------+------------+---------+--------+---------+-----------+ | Destination | Primary-NH | D_opt | D_opt | D_opt | Condition | | (D) | (E) | (Y, D) | (Y, E) | (E, D) | Met | +-------------+------------+---------+--------+---------+-----------+ | R3 | E | 1 | 2 | 1 | Yes | | | | (R2,R3) | (R2,E) | (E,R3) | | | E | E | 2 | 2 | 0 (E,E) | No | | | | (R2,E) | (R2,E) | | | | D1 | E | 3 | 2 | 1 | No | | | | (R2,D1) | (R2,E) | (E,D1) | | | D2 | E | 2 | 2 | 1 | Yes | | | | (R2,D2) | (R2,E) | (E,D2) | | +-------------+------------+---------+--------+---------+-----------+ Table 5: Node-protection evaluation for R-LFA path segment between PQ-node and destination As seen in the above example above, R2 does not meet the node- protecting inequality for destination E, and F. And so, once again, while R2 is a node-protecting Remote-LFA nexthop for R3 and G, it is not so for E and F. In SPF implementations that also produce a list of links and nodes traversed on the shortest path(s) from a given root to others, to determine whether a PQ-node provides node-protection for a given destination or not, the list of nodes computed from forward SPF run on the PQ-node, for the given destination, should be inspected. In case the list contains the primary nexthop node, the PQ-node does not Sarkar, et al. Expires December 17, 2015 [Page 11] Internet-DraftRemote-LFA Node Protection and Manageability June 2015 provide node-protection. Else, the PQ-node guarantees node- protecting alternate for the given destination. Below is an illustration of the mechanism with candidate node-protecting PQ-node R2 in the topology in Figure 2. +-------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Destination | Shortest Path | Link-Protection | Node-Protection | | | (Repairing | | | | | router to PQ- | | | | | node) | | | +-------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | R3 | R2->R3 | Yes | Yes | | E | R2->R3->E | Yes | No | | D1 | R2->R3->E->D1 | Yes | No | | D2 | R2->R3->D2 | Yes | Yes | +-------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ Table 6: Protection of Remote-LFA path between PQ-node and destination As seen in the above example while R2 is candidate node-protecting R-LFA nexthop for R3 and G, it is not so for E and F, since the primary nexthop E is in the shortest path from R2 to E and F. The procedure described in this document helps no more than to determine whether a given Remote-LFA alternate provides node- protection for a given destination or not. It does not find out any new Remote-LFA alternate nexthops, outside the ones already computed by standard Remote-LFA procedure. However, in case of availability of more than one PQ-node (Remote-LFA alternates) for a destination, and node-protection is required for the given primary nexthop, this procedure will eliminate the PQ-nodes that do not provide node- protection and choose only the ones that does. 2.3.3. Limiting extra computational overhead In addition to the extra reverse SPF computation, one per directly connected neighbor, suggested by the Remote-LFA [I-D.ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa] draft, this document proposes a forward SPF per PQ-node discovered in the network. Since the average number of PQ-nodes found in any network is considerably more than the number of direct neighbors of the computing router, the proposal of running one forward SPF per PQ-node may add considerably to the overall SPF computation time. To limit the computational overhead of the approach proposed, this document proposes that implementations MUST choose a subset from the entire set of PQ-nodes computed in the network, with a finite limit Sarkar, et al. Expires December 17, 2015 [Page 12] Internet-DraftRemote-LFA Node Protection and Manageability June 2015 on the number of PQ-nodes in the subset. Implementations MUST choose a default value for this limit and may provide user with a configuration knob to override the default limit. Implementations MUST also evaluate some default preference criteria while considering a PQ-node in this subset. Finally, implementations MAY also allow user to override the default preference criteria, by providing a policy configuration for the same. This document proposes that implementations SHOULD use a default preference criteria for PQ-node selection which will put a score on each PQ-node, proportional to the number of primary interfaces for which it provides coverage, its distance from the computing router, and its router-id (or system-id in case of IS-IS). PQ-nodes that cover more primary interfaces SHOULD be preferred over PQ-nodes that cover fewer primary interfaces. When two or more PQ-nodes cover the same number of primary interfaces, PQ-nodes which are closer (based on metric) to the computing router SHOULD be preferred over PQ-nodes farther away from it. For PQ-nodes that cover the same number of primary interfaces and are the same distance from the the computing router, the PQ-node with smaller router-id (or system-id in case of IS-IS) SHOULD be preferred. Once a subset of PQ-nodes is found, computing router shall run a forward SPF on each of the PQ-nodes in the subset to continue with procedures proposed in section Section 2.3.2. 3. Manageabilty of Remote-LFA Alternate Paths 3.1. The Problem With the regular Remote-LFA [I-D.ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa] functionality the computing router may compute more than one PQ-node as usable Remote-LFA alternate nexthops. Additionally an alternate selection policy may be configured to enable the network operator to choose one of them as the most appropriate Remote-LFA alternate. For such policy-based alternate selection to run, all the relevant path characteristics for each the alternate paths (one through each of the PQ-nodes), needs to be collected. As mentioned befor in section Section 2.3 the R-LFA alternate path through a given PQ-node to a given destination comprises of two path segments. The first path segment (i.e. from the computing router to the PQ- node) can be calculated from the regular forward SPF done as part of standard and remote LFA computations. However without the mechanism proposed in section Section 2.3.2 of this document, there is no way to determine the path characteristics for the second path segment (i.e from the PQ-node to the destination). In the absence of the path characteristics for the second path segment, two Remote-LFA Sarkar, et al. Expires December 17, 2015 [Page 13] Internet-DraftRemote-LFA Node Protection and Manageability June 2015 alternate path may be equally preferred based on the first path segments characteristics only, although the second path segment attributes may be different. 3.2. The Solution The additional forward SPF computation proposed in section Section 2.3.2 document shall also collect links, nodes and path characteristics along the second path segment. This shall enable collection of complete path characteristics for a given Remote-LFA alternate path to a given destination. The complete alternate path characteristics shall then facilitate more accurate alternate path selection while running the alternate selection policy. Like specified in Section 2.3.3 to limit the computational overhead of the approach proposed, forward SPF computations MUST be run on a selected subset from the entire set of PQ-nodes computed in the network, with a finite limit on the number of PQ-nodes in the subset. The detailed suggestion on how to select this subset is specified in the same section. While this limits the number of possible alternate paths provided to the alternate-selection policy, this is needed keep the computational complexity within affordable limits. However if the alternate-selection policy is very restrictive this may leave few destinations in the entire toplogy without protection. Yet this limitation provides a necessary tradeoff between extensive coverage and immense computational overhead. 4. Acknowledgements Many thanks to Bruno Decraene for providing his useful comments. We would also like to thank Uma Chunduri for reviewing this document and providing valuable feedback. 5. IANA Considerations N/A. - No protocol changes are proposed in this document. 6. Security Considerations This document does not introduce any change in any of the protocol specifications. It simply proposes to run an extra SPF rooted on each PQ-node discovered in the whole network. 7. References Sarkar, et al. Expires December 17, 2015 [Page 14] Internet-DraftRemote-LFA Node Protection and Manageability June 2015 7.1. Normative References [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. 7.2. Informative References [I-D.ietf-rtgwg-lfa-manageability] Litkowski, S., Decraene, B., Filsfils, C., Raza, K., Horneffer, M., and p. psarkar@juniper.net, "Operational management of Loop Free Alternates", draft-ietf-rtgwg-lfa- manageability-03 (work in progress), February 2014. [I-D.ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa] Bryant, S., Filsfils, C., Previdi, S., Shand, M., and S. Ning, "Remote LFA FRR", draft-ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa-06 (work in progress), May 2014. [RFC5286] Atlas, A. and A. Zinin, "Basic Specification for IP Fast Reroute: Loop-Free Alternates", RFC 5286, September 2008. Authors' Addresses Pushpasis Sarkar (editor) Juniper Networks, Inc. Electra, Exora Business Park Bangalore, KA 560103 India Email: psarkar@juniper.net Hannes Gredler Juniper Networks, Inc. 1194 N. Mathilda Ave. Sunnyvale, CA 94089 US Email: hannes@juniper.net Shraddha Hegde Juniper Networks, Inc. Electra, Exora Business Park Bangalore, KA 560103 India Email: shraddha@juniper.net Sarkar, et al. Expires December 17, 2015 [Page 15] Internet-DraftRemote-LFA Node Protection and Manageability June 2015 Chris Bowers Juniper Networks, Inc. 1194 N. Mathilda Ave. Sunnyvale, CA 94089 US Email: cbowers@juniper.net Stephane Litkowski Orange Email: stephane.litkowski@orange.com Harish Raghuveer Email: harish.r.prabhu@gmail.com Sarkar, et al. Expires December 17, 2015 [Page 16]