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System for Cross-domain Identity Management: Protocol
draft-ietf-scim-api-19

The information below is for an old version of the document that is already published as an RFC.
Document Type
This is an older version of an Internet-Draft that was ultimately published as RFC 7644.
Authors Phil Hunt , Kelly Grizzle , Morteza Ansari , Erik Wahlstroem , Chuck Mortimore
Last updated 2022-03-26 (Latest revision 2015-05-15)
Replaces draft-scim-api
RFC stream Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
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Stream WG state Submitted to IESG for Publication
Document shepherd Leif Johansson
Shepherd write-up Show Last changed 2015-03-17
IESG IESG state Became RFC 7644 (Proposed Standard)
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Responsible AD Barry Leiba
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IANA IANA review state Version Changed - Review Needed
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draft-ietf-scim-api-19
Network Working Group                                       P. Hunt, Ed.
Internet-Draft                                                    Oracle
Intended status: Standards Track                              K. Grizzle
Expires: November 16, 2015                                     SailPoint
                                                               M. Ansari
                                                                   Cisco
                                                           E. Wahlstroem
                                                        Nexus Technology
                                                            C. Mortimore
                                                              Salesforce
                                                            May 15, 2015

         System for Cross-Domain Identity Management: Protocol
                         draft-ietf-scim-api-19

Abstract

   The System for Cross-Domain Identity Management (SCIM) specification
   is an HTTP based protocol that makes managing identities in multi-
   domain scenarios easier to support through a standardized service.
   Examples include but are not limited to enterprise to cloud service
   providers, and inter-cloud based scenarios.  The specification suite
   seeks to build upon experience with existing schemas and deployments,
   placing specific emphasis on simplicity of development and
   integration, while applying existing authentication, authorization,
   and privacy models.  SCIM's intent is to reduce the cost and
   complexity of user management operations by providing a common user
   schema, an extension model, and a service protocol defined by this
   document.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on November 16, 2015.

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Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2015 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction and Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
     1.1.  Intended Audience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
     1.2.  Notational Conventions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     1.3.  Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
   2.  Authentication and Authorization  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
     2.1.  Use of Tokens as Authorizations . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
     2.2.  Anonymous Requests  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
   3.  SCIM Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     3.1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     3.2.  SCIM Endpoints and HTTP Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
     3.3.  Creating Resources  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
       3.3.1.  Resource Types  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
     3.4.  Retrieving Resources  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
       3.4.1.  Retrieving a known Resource . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
       3.4.2.  Query Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
       3.4.3.  Querying Resources Using HTTP POST  . . . . . . . . .  26
     3.5.  Modifying Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  29
       3.5.1.  Replacing with PUT  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  29
       3.5.2.  Modifying with PATCH  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  31
     3.6.  Deleting Resources  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  45
     3.7.  Bulk Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  46
       3.7.1.  Circular Reference Processing . . . . . . . . . . . .  48
       3.7.2.  BulkdId Temporary Identifiers . . . . . . . . . . . .  51
       3.7.3.  Response and Error Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . .  55
       3.7.4.  Maximum Operations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  60
     3.8.  Data Input/Output Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  61
     3.9.  Additional Operation Response Parameters  . . . . . . . .  62
     3.10. Attribute Notation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  63
     3.11. "/Me" Authenticated Subject Alias . . . . . . . . . . . .  63
     3.12. HTTP Status and Error Response Handling . . . . . . . . .  64
     3.13. SCIM Protocol Versioning  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  68

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     3.14. Versioning Resources  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  68
   4.  Service Provider Configuration Endpoints  . . . . . . . . . .  70
   5.  Preparation and Comparison of Internationalized Strings . . .  72
   6.  Multi-Tenancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  73
     6.1.  Associating Clients to Tenants  . . . . . . . . . . . . .  73
     6.2.  SCIM Identifiers with Multiple Tenants  . . . . . . . . .  74
   7.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  74
     7.1.  HTTP Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  74
     7.2.  TLS Support Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  75
     7.3.  Authorization Token Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . .  75
     7.4.  Bearer and Cookie Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . .  75
     7.5.  Privacy Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  76
       7.5.1.  Personal Information  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  76
       7.5.2.  Disclosure of Sensitive Information in URIs . . . . .  76
     7.6.  Anonymous Requests  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  77
     7.7.  Secure Storage and Handling of Sensitive Data . . . . . .  77
     7.8.  Case Insensitive Comparison & International Languages . .  78
   8.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  78
     8.1.  Media Type Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  78
     8.2.  SCIM Message URI Registry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  79
   9.  References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  80
     9.1.  Normative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  80
     9.2.  Informative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  82
   Appendix A.  Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  83
   Appendix B.  Acknowledgments  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  83
   Appendix C.  Change Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  83
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  88

1.  Introduction and Overview

   The SCIM Protocol is an application-level, HTTP protocol for
   provisioning and managing identity data on the web and in cross-
   domain environments such as enterprise to cloud, or inter-cloud
   scenarios.  The protocol supports creation, modification, retrieval,
   and discovery of core identity resources such as Users and Groups, as
   well as custom resources and resource extensions.

   The definition of resources, attributes, and overall schema are
   defined in the SCIM Core Schema document (see
   [I-D.ietf-scim-core-schema]).  [[RFC Editor: These specifications
   should be published together]]

1.1.  Intended Audience

   This document is intended as a guide to SCIM protocol usage for both
   SCIM HTTP service providers and HTTP clients who may provision
   information to service providers or retrieve information from them.

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1.2.  Notational Conventions

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].  These
   keywords are capitalized when used to unambiguously specify
   requirements of the protocol or application features and behavior
   that affect the interoperability and security of implementations.
   When these words are not capitalized, they are meant in their
   natural-language sense.

   For purposes of readability examples are not URL encoded.
   Implementers MUST percent encode URLs as described in Section 2.1 of
   [RFC3986].

   Throughout this documents all figures may contain spaces and extra
   line-wrapping for readability and space limitations.  Similarly, some
   URI's contained within examples, have been shortened for space and
   readability reasons.

1.3.  Definitions

   This specification uses the definitions from
   [I-D.ietf-scim-core-schema], and defines the following additional
   terms:

   Base URI
      The SCIM HTTP protocol is described in terms of a path relative to
      a Base URI.  The Base URI MUST NOT contain a query string as
      clients MAY append additional path information and query
      parameters as part of forming the request.  The base URI most
      often is a URL which most often consists of the "https" protocol
      scheme, a domain name and some initial path [RFC3986].  Example:
      "https://example.com/scim/"

      For readability, all examples in this document are expressed
      assuming the SCIM service root and the server root are the same
      (no path pre-fix).  It is expected that SCIM servers may be
      deployed using any URI path prefix.  For example, a SCIM server
      might be have a prefix of "https://example.com/", or
      "https://example.com/scim/tenancypath/".  Additionally a client
      MAY also apply a version number to the server root prefix (see
      Section 3.13 ).

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2.  Authentication and Authorization

   SCIM Protocol is based upon HTTP and does not itself define a SCIM
   specific scheme for authentication and authorization.  SCIM depends
   on the use of TLS and/or standard HTTP authentication and
   authorization schemes as per [RFC7235].  For example, the following
   methodologies could be used among others:

   TLS Client Authentication
      The SCIM service provider MAY request TLS client authentication
      (also known as mutual authentication).  See Section 7.3 [RFC5246].

   HOBA Authentication
      HTTP Origin-Bound Authentication (HOBA) is a variation on TLS
      client authentication and uses a digital-signature-based design
      for an HTTP authentication method (see [RFC7486]).  The design can
      also be used in JavaScript-based authentication embedded in HTML.
      HOBA is an alternative to HTTP authentication schemes that require
      passwords and therefore avoids all problems related to passwords,
      such as leakage of server-side password databases.

   Bearer Tokens
      Bearer tokens [RFC6750] MAY be used when combined with TLS and a
      token framework such as OAuth 2.0 [RFC6749].  Tokens that are
      issued based on weak or no authentication of authorizing users
      and/or OAuth clients SHOULD NOT be used, unless for example, they
      are being used as single-use tokens to permit one-time requests
      such as anonymous registration (see Section 3.3).  For security
      considerations regarding the use of bearer tokens in SCIM see
      Section 7.4.  While bearer tokens most often represent an
      authorization, it is assumed that the authorization was based upon
      a successful authentication of the SCIM client.  Accordingly the
      SCIM service provider must have a method for validating, parsing,
      and or introspecting the bearer token for the relevant
      authentication and authorization information.  The method for this
      is assumed to be defined by the token issuing system and is beyond
      the scope of this specification.

   POP Tokens
      A proof-of-possession token demonstrates the presenter of the
      token possesses a particular key and that the recipient can
      cryptographically confirm proof-of-possession of the key by the
      presenter.  This property is sometimes also described as the
      presenter being a holder-of-key.  See OAuth 2.0 Proof-of-
      Possession Security Architecture [I-D.ietf-oauth-pop-architecture]
      for an example of such a token and its use.

   Cookies

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      Javascript clients MAY assert HTTP cookies over TLS that contain
      an authentication state that is understood by the SCIM service
      provider (see [RFC6265]).  An example of this is scenarios where
      web-form authentication has taken place with the user and HTTP
      cookies were set representing the authentication state.  For the
      purposes of SCIM, the security considerations in Section 7.4
      apply.

   Basic Authentication
      Usage of basic authentication should be avoided due to its use of
      a single factor that is based upon a relatively static, symmetric
      secret.  Implementers SHOULD combine the use of basic
      authentication with other factors.  The security considerations of
      HTTP BASIC, are well documented in
      [I-D.ietf-httpauth-basicauth-update], and therefore implementers
      are encouraged to prefer stronger authentication methods.
      Designating the specific methods of authentication and
      authorization are out-of-scope for SCIM, however this information
      is provided as a resource to implementers.

   As per Section 4.1 of [RFC7235], a SCIM service provider SHALL
   indicate supported HTTP authentication schemes via the "WWW-
   Authenticate" header.

   Regardless of methodology, the SCIM service provider MUST be able to
   map the authenticated client to an access control policy in order to
   determine the client's authorization to retrieve and update SCIM
   resources.  For example, while a browser session may have been
   established via HTTP cookie or TLS client authentication, the unique
   client MUST be mapped to a security subject (e.g., User).  The
   authorization model and the process by which this is done is beyond
   the scope of this specification.

   When processing requests, the service provider SHOULD consider the
   subject performing the request and whether the action is appropriate
   given the subject and the resource affected by the request.  The
   subject performing the request is usually determined directly or
   indirectly from the "Authorization" header present in the request.
   For example, a subject MAY be permitted to retrieve and update their
   own "User" resource, but will normally have restricted ability to
   access resources associated with other Users.  In other cases, the
   SCIM service provider might only grant access to a subject's own
   associated "User" resource (e.g., for the purpose of updating
   personal contact attributes).

   For illustrative purposes only, SCIM protocol examples show an OAuth2
   bearer token value [RFC6750] in the authorization header; e.g.,

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   GET /Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646 HTTP/1.1
   Host: example.com
   Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8

   This is not intended to imply that bearer tokens are preferred.
   However, the use of bearer tokens in the specification does reflect
   common implementation practice.

2.1.  Use of Tokens as Authorizations

   When using bearer tokens or proof-of-possession tokens that represent
   an authorization grant such as issued by OAuth (see [RFC6749]),
   implementers SHOULD consider the type of authorization granted, any
   authorized scopes (see Section 3.3 of [RFC6749]), and the security
   subject(s) that SHOULD be mapped from the authorization when
   considering local access control rules.  Section 6 of the OAuth
   Assertions draft [I-D.ietf-oauth-assertions], documents common
   scenarios for authorization including:

   o  Clients using an assertion to authenticate and/or act on behalf of
      itself;

   o  Clients acting on behalf of a user; and,

   o  A Client acting on behalf of an anonymous user (e.g., see next
      section).

   When using OAuth authorization tokens, implementers MUST take into
   account the threats and countermeasures documented in the security
   considerations for the use of client authorizations (see Section 8 of
   [I-D.ietf-oauth-assertions]).  When using other token formats or
   frameworks, implementers MUST take into account similar threats and
   countermeasures, especially those documented by the relevant
   specifications.

2.2.  Anonymous Requests

   In some SCIM deployments it MAY be acceptable to permit
   unauthenticated (anonymous) requests.  For example, a user self-
   registration request where the service provider chooses to accept a
   SCIM Create request (see Section 3.3) from an anonymous client.  See
   Section 7.6, for security considerations regarding anonymous
   requests.

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3.  SCIM Protocol

3.1.  Introduction

   SCIM is a protocol that is based on HTTP protocol [RFC7230].  Along
   with HTTP headers and URIs, SCIM uses JSON [RFC7159] payloads to
   convey both SCIM resources, as well as protocol specific payload
   messages that convey request parameters and response information such
   as errors.  Both resources and messages are passed in the form of
   JSON based structures in the message body of an HTTP request or
   response.  To identify this content, SCIM uses a media type of
   "application/scim+json" (see Section 8.1).

   A SCIM "resource" is a JSON object [RFC7159] that may be created,
   maintained, and retrieved through HTTP request methods as described
   in this document.  Each JSON resource representation contains a
   "schemas" attribute that contains a list of one or more URIs that
   indicate included SCIM schemas that are used to indicate the
   attributes contained within a resource.  Specific information about
   what attributes are defined within a schema MAY be obtained by
   querying a SCIM service provider's "/Schemas" endpoint for a schema
   definition (see Section 8.7 [I-D.ietf-scim-core-schema]).  Responses
   from this endpoint describe how a service provider supports a schema
   and in particular how attribute qualities such as cardinality, case-
   exactness, mutability, uniqueness, returnability, and whether an
   attribute is required.  While SCIM schemas and associated extension
   model are defined in [I-D.ietf-scim-core-schema], SCIM clients should
   expect that some attribute schema may change from service provider to
   service provider, particularly across administrative domains.  In
   cases where SCIM may be used as an open protocol in front of an
   application service, it is quite reasonable to expect that some
   service providers may only support a sub-set of the schema defined in
   [I-D.ietf-scim-core-schema].

   A SCIM message conveys protocol parameters about a SCIM request or
   response that are defined by this specification.  As with a SCIM
   resource, a SCIM message is a JSON object [RFC7159] that contains a
   "schemas" attribute with a URI whose namespace prefix that MUST begin
   with "urn:ietf:params:scim:api:".  As SCIM protocol messages are
   fixed and defined by SCIM specifications and registered extensions,
   SCIM message schemas using the above prefix URN SHALL NOT be
   discoverable using the "/Schemas" endpoint.

   As SCIM is intended for use in cross-domain scenarios where schema
   and implementations may vary, techniques such as document validation,
   such as in [XML-Schema], are not recommended.  A SCIM service
   provider interprets a request in the context of its own schema (which
   may be different from the client's schema) and following the defined

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   processing rules for each request.  The following sections in this
   document define the processing rules for SCIM and provide allowances
   for schema differences where appropriate.  For example, in a SCIM PUT
   request, "readOnly" attributes are ignored, while "readWrite"
   attributes are updated.  There is no need for a SCIM client to
   discover which attributes are "readOnly" and the client does not need
   to remove them from a PUT request in order to be accepted.  Similarly
   a SCIM client SHOULD NOT expect a service provider to return SCIM
   resources with exactly the same schema and values as submitted.  SCIM
   responses SHALL reflect resource state as interpreted by the SCIM
   service provider.

3.2.  SCIM Endpoints and HTTP Methods

   The SCIM protocol specifies well-known endpoints and HTTP methods for
   managing resources defined in the core schema; i.e., "User" and
   "Group" resources correspond to "/Users" and "/Groups" respectively.
   Service providers that support extended resources SHOULD define
   resource endpoints using the convention of pluralizing the resource
   name defined in the extended schema by appending an 's'.  Given there
   are cases where resource pluralization is ambiguous; e.g., a resource
   named "Person" is legitimately "Persons" and "People", clients SHOULD
   discover resource endpoints via the "/ResourceTypes" endpoint.

   HTTP   SCIM Usage
   Method
   ------ --------------------------------------------------------------
   GET    Retrieves one or more complete or partial resources.
   POST   Depending on the endpoint, creates new resources, create a
          search request, or MAY be used to bulk modify resources.
   PUT    Modifies a resource by replacing existing attributes with a
          specified set of replacement attributes (replace). PUT MUST
          NOT be used to create new resources.
   PATCH  Modifies a resource with a set of client specified changes
          (partial update).
   DELETE Deletes a resource.

                        Table 1: SCIM HTTP Methods

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   Resource Endpoint         Operations             Description
   -------- ---------------- ---------------------- --------------------
   User     /Users           GET (Section 3.4.1),   Retrieve, Add,
                             POST (Section 3.3),    Modify Users
                             PUT (Section 3.5.1),
                             PATCH (Section 3.5.2),
                             DELETE (Section 3.6)
   Group    /Groups          GET (Section 3.4.1),   Retrieve, Add,
                             POST (Section 3.3),    Modify Groups
                             PUT (Section 3.5.1),
                             PATCH (Section 3.5.2),
                             DELETE (Section 3.6)
   Self     /Me              GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, Alias for operations
                             DELETE (Section 3.11)  against a resource
                                                    mapped to an
                                                    authenticated
                                                    Subject (e.g.,
                                                    User).
   Service  /ServiceProvider GET (Section 4)        Retrieve Service
   Provider Config                                  Provider's
   Config                                           configuration
   Resource /ResourceTypes   GET (Section 4)        Retrieve supported
   Type                                             resource types
   Schema   /Schemas         GET (Section 4)        Retrieve one or more
                                                    supported schemas.
   Bulk     /Bulk            POST (Section 3.7)     Bulk updates to one
                                                    or more resources
   Search   [prefix]/.search POST (Section 3.4.3)   Search from system
                                                    root or within a
                                                    resource endpoint
                                                    for one or more
                                                    resource types using
                                                    POST.

                        Table 2: Defined endpoints

   All requests to the service provider are made via HTTP Methods as per
   Section 4.3 [RFC7231] on a URL derived from the Base URL.  Responses
   are returned in the body of the HTTP response, formatted as JSON.
   Error status codes SHOULD be transmitted via the HTTP status code of
   the response (if possible), and SHOULD also be specified in the body
   of the response (see Section 3.12).

3.3.  Creating Resources

   To create new resources, clients send HTTP POST requests to the
   resource endpoint such as: "/Users" or "/Groups", as defined by the
   associated resource type endpoint discovery (see Section 4).

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   The server SHALL process attributes according to the following
   mutability rules:

   o  Attributes in the request body, whose mutability is "readOnly"
      (see Section 2.2 of [I-D.ietf-scim-core-schema]), SHALL be
      ignored.

   o  Attributes whose mutability is "readWrite"(see Section 2.2 of
      [I-D.ietf-scim-core-schema]), that are omitted from the request
      body, MAY be assumed to be not asserted by the client.  The
      service provider MAY assign a default value to non-asserted
      attributes in the final resource representation.

   o  Service providers MAY take into account whether a client has
      access to all of the resource's attributes when deciding whether
      non-asserted attributes should be defaulted.

   o  Clients that intend to override existing or server defaulted
      values for attributes MAY specify "null" for a single-valued
      attribute or an empty array "[]" for a multi-valued attribute to
      clear all values.

   When the service provider successfully creates the new resource, an
   HTTP response SHALL be returned with HTTP status "201" ("Created").
   The response body SHOULD contain the service provider's
   representation of the newly created resource.  The URI of the created
   resource SHALL included in the HTTP "Location" header and theHTTP
   body, a JSON representation [RFC7159] with the attribute
   "meta.location".  Since the server is free to alter and/or ignore
   POSTed content, returning the full representation can be useful to
   the client, enabling it to correlate the client and server views of
   the new resource.

   If the service provider determines creation of the requested resource
   conflicts with existing resources; e.g., a "User" resource with a
   duplicate "userName", the service provider MUST return an HTTP Status
   409, with "scimType" error code of "uniqueness" as per Section 3.12.

   In the following example, a client sends a POST request containing a
   "User" to the "/Users" endpoint.

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   POST /Users  HTTP/1.1
   Host: example.com
   Accept: application/scim+json
   Content-Type: application/scim+json
   Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8
   Content-Length: ...

   {
     "schemas":["urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:User"],
     "userName":"bjensen",
     "externalId":"bjensen",
     "name":{
       "formatted":"Ms. Barbara J Jensen III",
       "familyName":"Jensen",
       "givenName":"Barbara"
     }
   }

   In response to the example request above, the server signals a
   successful creation with an HTTP status code 201 (Created) and
   returns a representation of the resource created.

   HTTP/1.1 201 Created
   Content-Type: application/scim+json
   Location:
    https://example.com/v2/Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646
   ETag: W/"e180ee84f0671b1"

   {
     "schemas":["urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:User"],
     "id":"2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646",
     "externalId":"bjensen",
     "meta":{
       "resourceType":"User",
       "created":"2011-08-01T21:32:44.882Z",
       "lastModified":"2011-08-01T21:32:44.882Z",
       "location":
   "https://example.com/v2/Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646",
       "version":"W\/\"e180ee84f0671b1\""
     },
     "name":{
       "formatted":"Ms. Barbara J Jensen III",
       "familyName":"Jensen",
       "givenName":"Barbara"
     },
     "userName":"bjensen"
   }

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3.3.1.  Resource Types

   When adding a resource to a specific endpoint, the meta attribute
   "resourceType" SHALL be set by the HTTP service provider to the
   corresponding resource type for the endpoint.  For example, a POST to
   the endpoint "/Users" will set "resourceType" to "User", and
   "/Groups" will set "resourceType" to "Group".

3.4.  Retrieving Resources

   Resources MAY be retrieved via opaque, unique URLs or via Query (see
   Section 3.4.2).  The attributes returned are defined in the server's
   attribute schema (see Section 8.7 [I-D.ietf-scim-core-schema]) and
   request parameters (see Section 3.9).  By default, resource
   attributes returned in a response are those attributes whose
   characteristic "returned" setting is "always" or "default" (see
   Section 2.2 of [I-D.ietf-scim-core-schema]).

3.4.1.  Retrieving a known Resource

   To retrieve a known resource, clients send GET requests to the
   resource endpoint; e.g., "/Users/{id}" or "/Groups/{id}", or
   "/Schemas/{id}", where "{id}" is a resource identifier (for example
   the value of the "id" attribute).

   If the resource exists the server responds with HTTP Status code 200
   (OK) and includes the result in the body of the response.

   The below example retrieves a single User via the "/Users" endpoint.

   GET /Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646
   Host: example.com
   Accept: application/scim+json
   Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8

   The server responds with:

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   HTTP/1.1 200 OK
   Content-Type: application/scim+json
   Location:
     https://example.com/v2/Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646
   ETag: W/"f250dd84f0671c3"

   {
     "schemas":["urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:User"],
     "id":"2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646",
     "externalId":"bjensen",
     "meta":{
       "resourceType":"User",
       "created":"2011-08-01T18:29:49.793Z",
       "lastModified":"2011-08-01T18:29:49.793Z",
       "location":
   "https://example.com/v2/Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646",
       "version":"W\/\"f250dd84f0671c3\""
     },
     "name":{
       "formatted":"Ms. Barbara J Jensen III",
       "familyName":"Jensen",
       "givenName":"Barbara"
     },
     "userName":"bjensen",
     "phoneNumbers":[
       {
         "value":"555-555-8377",
         "type":"work"
       }
     ],
     "emails":[
       {
         "value":"bjensen@example.com",
         "type":"work"
       }
     ]
   }

3.4.2.  Query Resources

   The SCIM protocol defines a standard set of query parameters that can
   be used to filter, sort, and paginate to return zero or more
   resources in a query response.  Queries MAY be made against a single
   resource or a resource type endpoint (e.g., "/Users"), or the service
   provider Base URI.  SCIM service providers MAY support additional
   query parameters not specified here and SHOULD ignore any query
   parameters they do not recognize instead of rejecting the query for
   versioning compatibility reasons.

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   Responses MUST be identified using the following URI:
   "urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:ListResponse".  The following
   attributes are defined for responses:

   totalResults  The total number of results returned by the list or
      query operation.  The value may be larger than the number of
      resources returned such as when returning a single page (see
      Section 3.4.2.4) of results where multiple pages are available.
      REQUIRED.

   Resources  A multi-valued list of complex objects containing the
      requested resources.  This MAY be a subset of the full set of
      resources if pagination (Section 3.4.2.4) is requested.  REQUIRED
      if "totalResults" is non-zero.

   startIndex  The 1-based index of the first result in the current set
      of list results.  REQUIRED when partial results returned due to
      pagination.

   itemsPerPage  The number of resources returned in a list response
      page.  REQUIRED when partial results returned due to pagination.

   A query that does not return any matches SHALL return success (HTTP
   Status 200) with "totalResults" set to a value of 0.

   The example query below requests the userName for all Users:

   GET /Users?attributes=userName
   Host: example.com
   Accept: application/scim+json
   Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8

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   The following is an example response to the query above:

   HTTP/1.1 200 OK
   Content-Type: application/scim+json

   {
     "schemas":["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:ListResponse"],
     "totalResults":2,
     "Resources":[
       {
         "id":"2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646",
         "userName":"bjensen"
       },
       {
         "id":"c75ad752-64ae-4823-840d-ffa80929976c",
         "userName":"jsmith"
       }
     ]
   }

   Note that in the above example, "id" is returned because the "id"
   attribute has the "returned" characteristic of "always".

3.4.2.1.  Query Endpoints

   Queries MAY be performed against a SCIM resource object, a resource
   type endpoint, or a SCIM server root.  For example:

      "/Users/{id}"

      "/Users"

      "/Groups"

   A query against a server root indicates that all resources within the
   server SHALL be included subject to filtering.  A filter expression
   using "meta.resourceType" MAY be used to restrict results to one or
   more specific resource types (to exclude others).  For example:

   filter=(meta.resourceType eq User) or (meta.resourceType eq Group)

   If a SCIM service provider determines that too many results would be
   returned (e.g., because a client queried a resource type endpoint or
   the server base URI), the server SHALL reject the request by
   returning an HTTP response with "status" 400 and json attribute
   "scimType" set to "tooMany" (see Table 9).

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   When processing query operations using endpoints that include more
   than one SCIM resource type (e.g., a query from the server root
   endpoint), filters MUST be processed as outlined in Section 3.4.2.2.
   For filtered attributes that are not part of a particular resource
   type, the service provider SHALL treat the attribute as if there is
   no attribute value.  For example, a presence or equality filter for
   an undefined attribute evaluates as FALSE.

3.4.2.2.  Filtering

   Filtering is an OPTIONAL parameter for SCIM service providers.
   Clients MAY discover service provider filter capabilities by looking
   at the "filter" attribute of the "ServiceProviderConfig" (see
   Section 4).  Clients MAY request a subset of resources by specifying
   the "filter" query parameter containing a filter expression.  When
   specified only those resources matching the filter expression SHALL
   be returned.  The expression language that is used with the filter
   parameter supports references to attributes and literals.

   Attribute names and attribute operators used in filters are case
   insensitive.  For example, the following two expressions will
   evaluate to the same logical value:

   filter=userName Eq "john"

   filter=Username eq "john"

   The filter parameter MUST contain at least one valid expression (see
   Table 3).  Each expression MUST contain an attribute name followed by
   an attribute operator and optional value.  Multiple expressions MAY
   be combined using a logical operators (see Table 4).  Expressions MAY
   be grouped together using brackets "(" and ")" (see Table 5).

   The operators supported in the expression are listed in the following
   table.

   +----------+-------------+------------------------------------------+
   | Operator | Description | Behavior                                 |
   +----------+-------------+------------------------------------------+
   | eq       | equal       | The attribute and operator values must   |
   |          |             | be identical for a match.                |
   | ne       | not equal   | The attribute and operator values are    |
   |          |             | not identical.                           |
   | co       | contains    | The entire operator value must be a      |
   |          |             | substring of the attribute value for a   |
   |          |             | match.                                   |
   | sw       | starts with | The entire operator value must be a      |
   |          |             | substring of the attribute value,        |

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   |          |             | starting at the beginning of the         |
   |          |             | attribute value. This criterion is       |
   |          |             | satisfied if the two strings are         |
   |          |             | identical.                               |
   | ew       | ends with   | The entire operator value must be a      |
   |          |             | substring of the attribute value,        |
   |          |             | matching at the end of the attribute     |
   |          |             | value.  This criterion is satisfied if   |
   |          |             | the two strings are identical.           |
   | pr       | present     | If the attribute has a non-empty or non- |
   |          | (has value) | null value, or if it contains a non-     |
   |          |             | empty node for complex attributes there  |
   |          |             | is a match.                              |
   | gt       | greater     | If the attribute value is greater than   |
   |          | than        | operator value, there is a match. The    |
   |          |             | actual comparison is dependent on the    |
   |          |             | attribute type. For string attribute     |
   |          |             | types, this is a lexicographical         |
   |          |             | comparison and for DateTime types, it is |
   |          |             | a chronological comparison. For Integer  |
   |          |             | attributes it is a comparison by numeric |
   |          |             | value. Boolean and Binary attributes     |
   |          |             | SHALL cause a failed response (HTTP      |
   |          |             | Status 400) with scimType of             |
   |          |             | invalidFilter.                           |
   | ge       | greater     | If the attribute value is greater than   |
   |          | than or     | or equal to the operator value, there is |
   |          | equal       | a match. The actual comparison is        |
   |          |             | dependent on the attribute type. For     |
   |          |             | string attribute types, this is a        |
   |          |             | lexicographical comparison and for       |
   |          |             | DateTime types, it is a chronological    |
   |          |             | comparison. For Integer attributes it is |
   |          |             | a comparison by numeric value. Boolean   |
   |          |             | and Binary attributes SHALL cause a      |
   |          |             | failed response (HTTP Status 400) with   |
   |          |             | scimType of invalidFilter.               |
   | lt       | less than   | If the attribute value is less than      |
   |          |             | operator value, there is a match. The    |
   |          |             | actual comparison is dependent on the    |
   |          |             | attribute type. For string attribute     |
   |          |             | types, this is a lexicographical         |
   |          |             | comparison and for DateTime types, it is |
   |          |             | a chronological comparison. For Integer  |
   |          |             | attributes it is a comparison by numeric |
   |          |             | value. Boolean and Binary attributes     |
   |          |             | SHALL cause a failed response (HTTP      |
   |          |             | Status 400) with scimType of             |

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   |          |             | invalidFilter.                           |
   | le       | less than   | If the attribute value is less than or   |
   |          | or equal    | equal to the operator value, there is a  |
   |          |             | match. The actual comparison is          |
   |          |             | dependent on the attribute type. For     |
   |          |             | string attribute types, this is a        |
   |          |             | lexicographical comparison and for       |
   |          |             | DateTime types, it is a chronological    |
   |          |             | comparison. For Integer attributes it is |
   |          |             | a comparison by numeric value. Boolean   |
   |          |             | and Binary attributes SHALL cause a      |
   |          |             | failed response (HTTP Status 400) with   |
   |          |             | scimType of invalidFilter.               |
   +----------+-------------+------------------------------------------+

                       Table 3: Attribute Operators

   +----------+-------------+------------------------------------------+
   | Operator | Description | Behavior                                 |
   +----------+-------------+------------------------------------------+
   | and      | Logical And | The filter is only a match if both       |
   |          |             | expressions evaluate to true.            |
   | or       | Logical or  | The filter is a match if either          |
   |          |             | expression evaluates to true.            |
   | not      | Not         | The filter is a match if the expression  |
   |          | function    | evaluates to false.                      |
   +----------+-------------+------------------------------------------+

                        Table 4: Logical Operators

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   +----------+-------------+------------------------------------------+
   | Operator | Description | Behavior                                 |
   +----------+-------------+------------------------------------------+
   | ( )      | Precedence  | Boolean expressions MAY be grouped using |
   |          | grouping    | parentheses to change the standard order |
   |          |             | of operations; i.e., evaluate "or"       |
   |          |             | logical operators before logical "and"   |
   |          |             | operators.                               |
   | [ ]      | Complex     | Service providers MAY support complex    |
   |          | attribute   | filters where expressions MUST be        |
   |          | filter      | applied to the same value of a parent    |
   |          | grouping    | attribute specified immediately before   |
   |          |             | the left square bracket ("["). The       |
   |          |             | expression within square brackets ("["   |
   |          |             | and "]") MUST be a valid filter          |
   |          |             | expression based upon sub-attributes of  |
   |          |             | the parent attribute. Nested expressions |
   |          |             | MAY be used. See examples below.         |
   +----------+-------------+------------------------------------------+

                        Table 5: Grouping Operators

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   SCIM filters MUST conform to the following ABNF [RFC5234] rules as
   specified below:

     FILTER    = attrExp / logExp / valuePath / *1"not" "(" FILTER ")"

     valuePath = attrPath "[" valFilter "]"
                 ; FILTER uses sub-attribs of a parent attrPath

     valFilter = attrExp / logExp / *1"not" "(" valFilter ")"

     attrExp   = (attrPath SP "pr") /
                 (attrPath SP compareOp SP compValue)

     logExp    = FILTER SP ("and" / "or") SP FILTER

     compValue = false / null / true / number / string
                 ; rules from JSON (RFC7159)

     compareOp = "eq" / "ne" / "co" /
                        "sw" / "ew" /
                        "gt" / "lt" /
                        "ge" / "le"

     attrPath  = [URI ":"] ATTRNAME *1subAttr
                 ; SCIM attribute name
                 ; URI is SCIM "schema" URI

     ATTRNAME  = ALPHA *(nameChar)

     nameChar  = "-" / "_" / DIGIT / ALPHA

     subAttr   = "." ATTRNAME
                 ; a sub-attribute of a complex attribute

               Figure 1: ABNF Specification of SCIM Filters

   In the above ABNF rules, the "compValue" (comparison value) rule is
   built on JSON Data Interchange format ABNF rules as specified in
   [RFC7159], "DIGIT" and "ALPHA" are defined per Appendix B.1 of
   [RFC5234] and, "URI" is defined per Appendix A of [RFC3986].

   Filters MUST be evaluated using the following order of operations in
   order of precedence:

   1.  Grouping Operators

   2.  Logical Operators.  Where "not" takes precedence over "and",
       which takes precedence over "or".

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   3.  Attribute Operators

   If the specified attribute in a filter expression is a multi-valued
   attribute, the filter matches if any of the values of the specified
   attribute match the specified criterion; e.g., if a User has multiple
   emails values, only one has to match for the entire User to match.
   For complex attributes, a fully qualified Sub-Attribute MUST be
   specified using standard attribute notation (Section 3.10).  For
   example, to filter by userName the parameter value is "userName".  To
   filter by first name, the parameter value is "name.givenName".

   When applying a comparison (e.g., "eq") or presence filter (e.g.,
   "pr"), to a defaulted attribute the service provider SHALL use the
   value that was returned to the client that last created or modified
   the attribute.

   Providers MAY support additional filter operations if they choose.
   Providers MUST decline to filter results if the specified filter
   operation is not recognized and return a HTTP 400 error with a scim
   error type of "invalidFilter" and an appropriate human readable
   response as per Section 3.12.  For example, if a client specified an
   unsupported operator named 'regex' the service provider should
   specify an error response description identifying the client error;
   e.g., 'The operator 'regex' is not supported.'

   When comparing attributes of type String, the case sensitivity for
   String type attributes SHALL be determined by the attribute's
   "caseExact" characteristic (see Section 2.2
   [I-D.ietf-scim-core-schema]).

   Clients MAY query by schema or schema extensions by using a filter
   expression including the "schemas" attribute (as shown in the
   following figure).

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   The following are examples of valid filters.  Some attributes (e.g.,
   rooms and rooms.number) are hypothetical extensions and are not part
   of SCIM core schema:

filter=userName eq "bjensen"

filter=name.familyName co "O'Malley"

filter=userName sw "J"

filter=urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:User:userName sw "J"

filter=title pr

filter=meta.lastModified gt "2011-05-13T04:42:34Z"

filter=meta.lastModified ge "2011-05-13T04:42:34Z"

filter=meta.lastModified lt "2011-05-13T04:42:34Z"

filter=meta.lastModified le "2011-05-13T04:42:34Z"

filter=title pr and userType eq "Employee"

filter=title pr or userType eq "Intern"

filter=
 schemas eq "urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:extension:enterprise:2.0:User"

filter=userType eq "Employee" and (emails co "example.com" or emails
  co "example.org")

filter=userType ne "Employee" and not (emails co "example.com" or
  emails co "example.org")

filter=userType eq "Employee" and (emails.type eq "work")

filter=userType eq "Employee" and emails[type eq "work" and
  value co "@example.com"]

filter=emails[type eq "work" and value co "@example.com"] or
  ims[type eq "xmpp" and value co "@foo.com"]

                         Figure 2: Example Filters

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3.4.2.3.  Sorting

   Sort is OPTIONAL.  Clients MAY discover sort capability by looking at
   the "sort" attribute of the service provider configuration (see
   Section 4).  Sorting allows clients to specify the order in which
   resources are returned by specifying a combination of sortBy and
   sortOrder URL parameters.

   sortBy  The sortBy parameter specifies the attribute whose value
      SHALL be used to order the returned responses.  If the sortBy
      attribute corresponds to a singular attribute, resources are
      sorted according to that attribute's value; if it's a multi-valued
      attribute, resources are sorted by the value of the primary
      attribute (see Section 2.4 [I-D.ietf-scim-core-schema]), if any,
      or else the first value in the list, if any.  If the attribute is
      complex the attribute name must be a path to a sub-attribute in
      standard attribute notation (Section 3.10) ; e.g.,
      "sortBy=name.givenName".  For all attribute types, if there is no
      data for the specified "sortBy" value they are sorted via the
      "sortOrder" parameter; i.e., they are ordered last if ascending
      and first if descending.

   sortOrder  The order in which the sortBy parameter is applied.
      Allowed values are "ascending" and "descending".  If a value for
      sortBy is provided and no sortOrder is specified, the sortOrder
      SHALL default to ascending.  String type attributes are case
      insensitive by default unless the attribute type is defined as a
      case exact string. "sortOrder" MUST sort according to the
      attribute type; i.e., for case insensitive attributes, sort the
      result using case insensitive, unicode alphabetic sort order, with
      no specific locale implied and for case exact attribute types,
      sort the result using case sensitive, Unicode alphabetic sort
      order.

3.4.2.4.  Pagination

   Pagination parameters can be used together to "page through" large
   numbers of resources so as not to overwhelm the client or service
   provider.  Because pagination is not stateful, clients MUST be
   prepared to handle inconsistent results.  For example, a request for
   a list of 10 resources beginning with a startIndex of 1 MAY return
   different results when repeated as a resource in the original result
   could be deleted or new ones could be added in-between requests.
   Pagination parameters and general behavior are derived from the
   OpenSearch Protocol [OpenSearch].

   The following table describes the URL pagination parameters.

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   +------------+----------------------------+-------------------------+
   | Parameter  | Description                | Default                 |
   +------------+----------------------------+-------------------------+
   | startIndex | The 1-based index of the   | 1                       |
   |            | first query result. A      |                         |
   |            | value less than 1 SHALL be |                         |
   |            | interpreted as 1.          |                         |
   | count      | Non-negative Integer.      | None. When specified    |
   |            | Specifies the desired      | the service provider    |
   |            | maximum number of query    | MUST NOT return more    |
   |            | results per page; e.g.,    | results than specified  |
   |            | 10. A negative value SHALL | though MAY return fewer |
   |            | be interpreted as "0". A   | results. If             |
   |            | value of "0" indicates no  | unspecified, the        |
   |            | resource results are to be | maximum number of       |
   |            | returned except for        | results is set by the   |
   |            | "totalResults".            | service provider.       |
   +------------+----------------------------+-------------------------+

                  Table 6: Pagination Request parameters

   The following table describes the query response pagination
   attributes specified by the service provider.

   +--------------+----------------------------------------------------+
   | Element      | Description                                        |
   +--------------+----------------------------------------------------+
   | itemsPerPage | Non-negative Integer. Specifies the number of      |
   |              | query results returned in a query response page;   |
   |              | e.g., 10.                                          |
   | totalResults | Non-negative Integer. Specifies the total number   |
   |              | of results matching the client query; e.g., 1000.  |
   | startIndex   | The 1-based index of the first result in the       |
   |              | current set of query results; e.g., 1.             |
   +--------------+----------------------------------------------------+

                   Table 7: Pagination Response Elements

   For example, to retrieve the first 10 Users, set the startIndex to 1
   and the count to 10:

   GET /Users?startIndex=1&count=10
   Host: example.com
   Accept: application/scim+json
   Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8

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   The response to the query above returns metadata regarding paging
   similar to the following example (actual resources removed for
   brevity):

   {
     "totalResults":100,
     "itemsPerPage":10,
     "startIndex":1,
     "schemas":["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:ListResponse"],
     "Resources":[{
       ...
     }]
   }

      Figure 3: ListResponse format for returning multiple resources

   Given the example above, to continue paging set the startIndex to 11
   and re-fetch; i.e., /Users?startIndex=11&count=10

3.4.2.5.  Attributes

   The following attributes control which attributes SHALL be returned
   with a returned resource.  SCIM clients MAY use up to one of these
   two OPTIONAL parameters which MUST be supported by SCIM service
   providers:

   attributes  A multi-valued list of strings indicating the names of
      resource attributes to return in the response overriding the set
      of attributes that would be returned by default.  Attribute names
      MUST be in standard.attribute notation (Section 3.10) form.  See
      additional retrieval query parameters (Section 3.9).

   excludedAttributes  A multi-valued list of strings indicating the
      names of resource attributes to be removed from the default set of
      attributes to return.  This parameter SHALL have no effect on
      attributes whose schema "returned" setting is "always" see Server
      Schema [I-D.ietf-scim-core-schema].  Attribute names MUST be in
      standard attribute notation (Section 3.10) form.  See additional
      retrieval query parameters (Section 3.9).

3.4.3.  Querying Resources Using HTTP POST

   Clients MAY execute queries without passing parameters on the URL by
   using the HTTP POST verb combined with the "/.search" path extension.
   The inclusion of "/.search" on the end of a valid SCIM endpoint SHALL
   be used to indicate the HTTP POST verb is intended to be a query
   operation.

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   To create a new query result set, a SCIM client sends an HTTP POST
   request to the desired SCIM resource endpoint (ending in "/.search").
   The body of the POST request MAY include any of the parameters as
   defined in Section 3.4.2.

   Query requests MUST be identified using the following URI:
   "urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:SearchRequest".  The following
   attributes are defined for query requests:

   attributes  A multi-valued list of strings indicating the names of
      resource attributes to return in the response overriding the set
      of attributes that would be returned by default.  Attribute names
      MUST be in standard attribute notation (Section 3.10) form.  See
      additional retrieval query parameters (Section 3.9).  OPTIONAL.

   excludedAttributes  A multi-valued list of strings indicating the
      names of resource attributes to be removed from the default set of
      attributes to return.  This parameter SHALL have no effect on
      attributes whose schema "returned" setting is "always" see Server
      Schema [I-D.ietf-scim-core-schema].  Attribute names MUST be in
      standard attribute notation (Section 3.10) form.  See additional
      retrieval query parameters (Section 3.9).  OPTIONAL.

   filter  The filter string used to request a subset of resources.  The
      filter string MUST be a valid filter (Section 3.4.2.2) expression.
      OPTIONAL.

   sortBy  A string indicating the attribute whose value SHALL be used
      to order the returned responses.  The sortBy attribute MUST be in
      standard attribute notation (Section 3.10) form.  See sorting
      (Section 3.4.2.3).  OPTIONAL.

   sortOrder  A string indicating the order in which the sortBy
      parameter is applied.  Allowed values are "ascending" and
      "descending".  See sorting (Section 3.4.2.3).  OPTIONAL.

   startIndex  An integer indicating the 1-based index of the first
      query result.  See pagination (Section 3.4.2.4).  OPTIONAL.

   count  An integer indicating the desired maximum number of query
      results per page.  See pagination (Section 3.4.2.4).  OPTIONAL.

   After receiving a HTTP POST request, a response is returned as
   specified in Section 3.4.2.

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   The following example shows an HTTP POST Query request with search
   parameters attributes, filter, and count included:

   POST /.search
   Host: example.com
   Accept: application/scim+json
   Content-Type: application/scim+json
   Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8
   Content-Length: ...

   {
     "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:SearchRequest"],
     "attributes": ["displayName", "userName"],
     "filter":
       "displayName sw \"smith\"",
     "startIndex": 1,
     "count": 10
   }

                   Figure 4: Example POST Query Request

   A query response is shown with the first page of results.  For
   brevity reasons, only two matches are shown: one User and one Group.

   HTTP/1.1 200 OK
   Content-Type: application/scim+json
   Location: https://example.com/.search
   {
     "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:ListResponse"],
     "totalResults":100,
     "itemsPerPage":10,
     "startIndex":1,
     "Resources":[
       {
         "id":"2819c223-7f76-413861904646",
         "userName":"jsmith",
         "displayName":"Smith, James"
       },
       {
         "id":"c8596b90-7539-4f20968d1908",
         "displayName":"Smith Family"
       },
        ...
     ]
   }

                   Figure 5: Example POST Query Response

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3.5.  Modifying Resources

   Resources can be modified in whole or in part using HTTP "PUT" or
   "PATCH", respectively.  Implementers MUST support "PUT" as specified
   in Section 4.3 [RFC7231].  Resources such as Groups may be very large
   hence implementers SHOULD support HTTP PATCH [RFC5789] to enable
   partial resource modifications.  Service provider support for HTTP
   "PATCH" may be discovered by querying the service provider
   configuration (see Section 4).

3.5.1.  Replacing with PUT

   HTTP PUT is used to replace a resource's attributes.  For example,
   clients that have previously retrieved the entire resource in advance
   and revised it, MAY replace the resource using an HTTP PUT.  Because
   SCIM resource identifiers are assigned by the service provider, HTTP
   PUT MUST NOT be used to create new resources.

   As the operation intent is to replace all attributes, SCIM clients
   MAY send all attributes regardless of each attribute's mutability.
   The server will apply attribute by attribute replace according to the
   following attribute mutability rules:

   readWrite, writeOnly  Any values provided SHALL replace the existing
      attribute values.

      Attributes whose mutability is "readWrite", that are omitted from
      the request body, MAY be assumed to be not asserted by the client.
      The service provider MAY assume any existing values are to be
      cleared or the service provider MAY assign a default value to the
      final resource representation.  Service providers MAY take into
      account whether a client has access to, or understands, all of the
      resource's attributes when deciding whether non-asserted
      attributes SHALL be removed or defaulted.  Clients that want to
      override a server's defaults MAY specify "null" for a single-
      valued attribute, or an empty array "[]" for a multi-valued
      attribute to clear all values.

   immutable  If value(s) are already set for the attribute, the input
      value(s) MUST match or HTTP status 400 SHOULD be returned with
      "scimType" error code "mutability".  If the service provider has
      no existing values, the new value(s) SHALL be applied.

   readOnly  Any values provided SHALL be ignored.

   If an attribute is "required", clients MUST specify the attribute in
   the PUT request.

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   Unless otherwise specified, a successful PUT operation returns a 200
   OK response code and the entire resource within the response body,
   enabling the client to correlate the client's and the service
   provider's views of the updated resource.  Example:

   PUT /Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646
   Host: example.com
   Accept: application/scim+json
   Content-Type: application/scim+json
   Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8
   If-Match: W/"a330bc54f0671c9"

   {
     "schemas":["urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:User"],
     "id":"2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646",
     "userName":"bjensen",
     "externalId":"bjensen",
     "name":{
       "formatted":"Ms. Barbara J Jensen III",
       "familyName":"Jensen",
       "givenName":"Barbara",
       "middleName":"Jane"
     },
     "roles":[],
     "emails":[
       {
           "value":"bjensen@example.com"
       },
       {
           "value":"babs@jensen.org"
       }
     ]
   }

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   The service responds with the entire, updated User:

   HTTP/1.1 200 OK
   Content-Type: application/scim+json
   ETag: W/"b431af54f0671a2"
   Location:
     "https://example.com/v2/Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646"
   {
     "schemas":["urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:User"],
     "id":"2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646",
     "userName":"bjensen",
     "externalId":"bjensen",
     "name":{
       "formatted":"Ms. Barbara J Jensen III",
       "familyName":"Jensen",
       "givenName":"Barbara",
       "middleName":"Jane"
     },
     "emails":[
       {
           "value":"bjensen@example.com"
       },
       {
           "value":"babs@jensen.org"
       }
     ],
     "meta": {
       "resourceType":"User",
       "created":"2011-08-08T04:56:22Z",
       "lastModified":"2011-08-08T08:00:12Z",
       "location":
   "https://example.com/v2/Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646",
       "version":"W\/\"b431af54f0671a2\""
     }
   }

3.5.2.  Modifying with PATCH

   HTTP PATCH is an OPTIONAL server function that enables clients to
   update one or more attributes of a SCIM resource using a sequence of
   operations to "add", "remove", or "replace" values.  Clients may
   discover service provider support for PATCH by querying the service
   provider configuration (see Section 4).

   The general form of the SCIM patch request is based on JavaScript
   Object Notation (JSON) Patch [RFC6902].  One difference between SCIM
   patch and JSON patch is that SCIM servers do not support array

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   indexing and do not support [RFC6902] operation types relating to
   array element manipulation such as "move".

   The body of each request MUST contain the "schemas" attribute with
   the URI value of: "urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:PatchOp".

   The body of an HTTP PATCH request MUST contain the attribute
   "Operations", whose value is an array of one or more patch
   operations.  Each patch operation object MUST have exactly one "op"
   member, whose value indicates the operation to perform and MAY be one
   of "add", "remove", or "replace".  The semantics of each operation
   are defined in the following sub-sections.

   The following is an example representation of a PATCH request showing
   the basic JSON structure (non-normative):

   { "schemas":
       ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:PatchOp"],
     "Operations":[
       {
        "op":"add",
        "path":"members",
        "value":[
         {
           "display": "Babs Jensen",
           "$ref":
   "https://example.com/v2/Users/2819c223...413861904646",
           "value": "2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646"
         }
        ]
       },
       ... + additional operations if needed ...
     ]
   }

            Figure 6: Example JSON body for SCIM PATCH Request

   The "path" attribute value is a String containing an attribute path
   describing the target of the operation.  The "path" attribute is
   OPTIONAL for "add" and "replace" and is REQUIRED for "remove"
   operations.  See relevant operation sections below for details.

   The "path" attribute is described by the following ABNF syntax rule:

                   PATH = attrPath / valuePath [subAttr]

                      Figure 7: SCIM Patch PATH Rule

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   The ABNF rules, "attrPath", "valuePath", and "subAttr" are defined in
   Section 3.4.2.2.  The "valuePath" rule allows specific values of a
   complex, multi-valued attribute to be selected.

   Valid examples of "path" are as follows:

       "path":"members"

       "path":"name.familyName"

       "path":"addresses[type eq \"work\"]"

       "path":"members[value eq
              \"2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646\"]"

       "path":"members[value eq
              \"2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646\"].displayName"

                       Figure 8: Example Path Values

   Each operation against an attribute MUST be compatible with the
   attribute's mutability and schema as defined in the Section 2.2 and
   2.3 of [I-D.ietf-scim-core-schema].  For example, a client MUST NOT
   modify an attribute that has mutability "readOnly" or "immutable".
   However, a client MAY "add" a value to an "immutable" attribute if
   the attribute had no previous value.  An operation that is not
   compatible with an attribute's mutability or schema SHALL return the
   appropriate HTTP response status code and a JSON detail error
   response as defined in Section 3.12.

   The attribute notation rules described in Section 3.10 apply for
   describing attribute paths.  For all operations, the value of the
   "schemas" attribute on the SCIM service provider's representation of
   the resource SHALL be assumed by default.  If one of the PATCH
   operations modifies the "schemas" attribute, subsequent operations
   SHALL assume the modified state of the "schemas" attribute.  Clients
   MAY implicitly modify the "schemas" attribute by adding (or
   replacing) an attribute with its fully qualified name including
   schema URN.  For example, adding the attribute "urn:ietf:params:scim:
   schemas:extension:enterprise:2.0:User:employeeNumber", automatically
   adds the value
   "urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:extension:enterprise:2.0:User" to the
   resource's "schemas" attribute.

   Each patch operation represents a single action to be applied to the
   same SCIM resource specified by the request URI.  Operations are
   applied sequentially in the order they appear in the array.  Each
   operation in the sequence is applied to the target resource; the

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   resulting resource becomes the target of the next operation.
   Evaluation continues until all operations are successfully applied or
   until an error condition is encountered.

   For multi-valued attributes, a patch operation that sets a value's
   "primary" sub-attribute to "true", SHALL cause the server to
   automatically set "primary" to "false" for any other values in the
   array.

   A patch request, regardless of the number of operations, SHALL be
   treated as atomic.  If a single operation encounters an error
   condition, the original SCIM resource MUST be restored, and a failure
   status SHALL be returned.

   If a request fails, the server SHALL return an HTTP response status
   code and a JSON detail error response as defined in Section 3.12.

   On successful completion, the server MUST return either a 200 OK
   response code and the entire resource within the response body,
   subject to the "attributes" query parameter (see Additional Retrieval
   Query Parameters (Section 3.9)); or the server MAY return a 204 No
   Content response code and the appropriate response headers for a
   successful patch request.  The server MUST return a 200 OK if the
   "attributes" parameter is specified on the request.

3.5.2.1.  Add Operation

   The "add" operation is used to add a new attribute value to an
   existing resource.

   The operation MUST contain a "value" member whose content specifies
   the value to be added.  The value MAY be a quoted value or it may be
   a JSON object containing the sub-attributes of the complex attribute
   specified in the operation's "path".

   The result of the add operation depends upon what the target location
   indicated by "path" references:

   o  If omitted, the target location is assumed to be the resource
      itself.  The "value" parameter contains a set of attributes to be
      added to the resource.

   o  If the target location does not exist, the attribute and value is
      added.

   o  If the target location specifies a complex attribute, a set of
      sub-attributes SHALL be specified in the "value" parameter.

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   o  If the target location specifies a multi-valued attribute, a new
      value is added to the attribute.

   o  if the target location specifies a single-valued attribute, the
      existing value is replaced.

   o  If the target location specifies an attribute that does not exist
      (has no value), the attribute is added with the new value.

   o  If the target location exists, the value is replaced.

   o  If the target location already contains the value specified, no
      changes SHOULD be made to the resource and a success response
      SHOULD be returned.  Unless other operations change the resource,
      this operation SHALL NOT change the modify timestamp of the
      resource.

   The following example shows how to add a member to a group.  Some
   text removed for readability ("..."):

   PATCH /Groups/acbf3ae7-8463-...-9b4da3f908ce
   Host: example.com
   Accept: application/scim+json
   Content-Type: application/scim+json
   Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8
   If-Match: W/"a330bc54f0671c9"
   { "schemas":
      ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:PatchOp"],
     "Operations":[
       {
        "op":"add",
        "path":"members",
        "value":[
         {
           "display": "Babs Jensen",
           "$ref":
   "https://example.com/v2/Users/2819c223...413861904646",
           "value": "2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646"
         }
        ]
       }
     ]
   }

   If the user was already a member of this group, no changes should be
   made to the resource and a success response should be returned.  The
   server responds with either the entire updated Group or no response
   body:

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   HTTP/1.1 204 No Content
   Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8
   ETag: W/"b431af54f0671a2"
   Location:
   "https://example.com/Groups/acbf3ae7-8463-...-9b4da3f908ce"

   The following example shows how to add one or more attributes to a
   User resource without using a "path" attribute.

   PATCH /Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646
   Host: example.com
   Accept: application/scim+json
   Content-Type: application/scim+json
   Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8
   If-Match: W/"a330bc54f0671c9"

   {
     "schemas":
       ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:PatchOp"],
     "Operations":[{
       "op":"add",
       "value":{
         "emails":[
           {
             "value":"babs@jensen.org",
             "type":"home"
           }
         ],
         "nickname":"Babs"
     }]
   }

   In the above example, an additional value is added to the multi-
   valued attribute "emails".  The second attribute, "nickname" is added
   to the User resource.  If the resource already had an existing
   "nickname", the value is replaced per the processing rules above for
   single-valued attributes.

3.5.2.2.  Remove Operation

   The "remove" operation removes the value at the target location
   specified by the required attribute "path".  The operation performs
   the following functions depending on the target location specified by
   "path" :

   o  If "path" is unspecified, the operation fails with HTTP status
      "400" and "scimType" of "noTarget".

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   o  If the target location is a single-value attribute, the attribute
      and its associated value is removed and the attribute SHALL be
      considered unassigned.

   o  If the target location is a multi-valued attribute and no filter
      is specified, the attribute and all values are removed and the
      attribute SHALL be considered unassigned.

   o  If the target location is a multi-valued attribute and a complex
      filter is specified comparing a "value", the values matched by the
      filter are removed.  If after removal of the selected values, no
      other values remain, the multi-valued attribute SHALL be
      considered unassigned.

   o  If the target location is a complex-multi-valued attribute and a
      complex filter is specified based on the attribute's sub-
      attributes, the matching records are removed.  Sub-attributes
      whose values have been removed SHALL be considered unassigned.  If
      the complex-multi-valued attribute has no remaining records, the
      attribute SHALL be considered unassigned.

   If an attribute is removed or becomes unassigned and is defined as a
   required attribute or a read-only attribute, the server SHALL return
   an HTTP response status code and a JSON detail error response as
   defined in Section 3.12 with a "scimType" error of "mutability".

   The following example shows how to remove a member from a group.  As
   with the previous example, the "display" sub-attribute is optional.
   If the user was not a member of this group, no changes should be made
   to the resource and a success response should be returned.

   Note that server responses have been omitted for the rest of the
   PATCH examples.

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   Remove a single member from a group.  Some text removed for
   readability ("..."):

   PATCH /Groups/acbf3ae7-8463-...-9b4da3f908ce
   Host: example.com
   Accept: application/scim+json
   Content-Type: application/scim+json
   Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8
   If-Match: W/"a330bc54f0671c9"

   {
     "schemas":
      ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:PatchOp"],
     "Operations":[{
       "op":"remove",
       "path":"members[value eq \"2819c223-7f76-...413861904646\"]"
     }]
   }

   Remove all members of a group:

   PATCH /Groups/acbf3ae7-8463-...-9b4da3f908ce
   Host: example.com
   Accept: application/scim+json
   Content-Type: application/scim+json
   Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8
   If-Match: W/"a330bc54f0671c9"

   { "schemas":
      ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:PatchOp"],
     "Operations":[{
       "op":"remove","path":"members"
     }]
   }

   Removal of a value from a complex-multi-valued attribute (request
   headers removed for brevity):

   {
     "schemas":
      ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:PatchOp"],
     "Operations": [{
     "op":"remove",
     "path":"emails[type eq \"work\" and value ew \"example.com\"]"
     }]
   }

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   Example request to remove and add a member.  Some text removed for
   readability ("..."):

   PATCH /Groups/acbf3ae7-8463-...-9b4da3f908ce
   Host: example.com
   Accept: application/scim+json
   Content-Type: application/scim+json
   Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8
   If-Match: W/"a330bc54f0671c9"
   { "schemas":
       ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:PatchOp"],
     "Operations": [
       {
         "op":"remove",
         "path":
           "members[value eq\"2819c223...919d-413861904646\"]"
       },
       {
         "op":"add",
         "path":"members",
         "value": [
           {
             "display": "James Smith",
             "$ref":
   "https://example.com/v2/Users/08e1d05d...473d93df9210",
             "value": "08e1d05d...473d93df9210"
           }
         ]
       }
     ]
   }

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   The following example shows how to replace all the members of a group
   with a different members list.  Some text removed for readabilty
   ("..."):

   PATCH /Groups/acbf3ae7-8463-4692-b4fd-9b4da3f908ce
   Host: example.com
   Accept: application/scim+json
   Content-Type: application/scim+json
   Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8
   If-Match: W/"a330bc54f0671c9"
   {
     "schemas":
       ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:PatchOp"],
     "Operations": [
       {
         "op":"remove","path":"members"
       },
       {
         "op":"add",
         "path":"members",
         "value":[
         {
           "display": "Babs Jensen",
           "$ref":
   "https://example.com/v2/Users/2819c223...413861904646",
           "value": "2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646"
         },
         {
           "display": "James Smith",
           "$ref":
   "https://example.com/v2/Users/08e1d05d...473d93df9210",
           "value": "08e1d05d-121c-4561-8b96-473d93df9210"
         }]
       }
     ]
   }

3.5.2.3.  Replace Operation

   The "replace" operation replaces the value at the target location
   specified by the "path".  The operation performs the following
   functions depending on the target location specified by "path" :

   o  If the "path" parameter is omitted, the target is assumed to be
      the resource itself.  In this case, the "value" attribute SHALL
      contain a list of one or more attributes that are to be replaced.

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   o  If the target location is a single-value attribute, the attributes
      value is replaced.

   o  If the target location is a multi-valued attribute and no filter
      is specified, the attribute and all values are replaced.

   o  If the target location path specifies an attribute that does not
      exist, the service provider SHALL treat the operation as an "add".

   o  If the target location specifies a complex attribute, a set of
      sub-attributes SHALL be specified in the "value" parameter which
      replaces any existing values or adds where an attribute did not
      previously exist.  Sub-attributes that are not specified in the
      "value" parameter are left unchanged.

   o  If the target location is a multi-valued attribute and a value
      selection ("valuePath") filter is specified that matches one or
      more values of the multi-valued attribute, then all matching
      record values SHALL be replaced.

   o  If the target location is a complex-multi-valued attribute with a
      value selection filter ("valuePath") and a specific sub-attribute
      (e.g., "addresses[type eq "work"].streetAddress" ), the matching
      sub-attribute of all matching records is replaced.

   o  If the target location is a multi-valued attribute for which a
      value selection filter ("valuePath") has been supplied and no
      record match was made, the service provider SHALL fail by
      returning HTTP status "400", and a "scimType" of "noTarget".

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   The following example shows how to replace all the members of a group
   with a different members list in a single replace operation.  Some
   text removed for readability ("..."):

   PATCH /Groups/acbf3ae7-8463-4692-b4fd-9b4da3f908ce
   Host: example.com
   Accept: application/scim+json
   Content-Type: application/scim+json
   Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8
   If-Match: W/"a330bc54f0671c9"

   {
     "schemas":
       ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:PatchOp"],
     "Operations": [{
       "op":"replace",
       "path":"members",
       "value":[
         {
           "display": "Babs Jensen",
           "$ref":
   "https://example.com/v2/Users/2819c223...413861904646",
           "value": "2819c223...413861904646"
         },
         {
           "display": "James Smith",
           "$ref":
   "https://example.com/v2/Users/08e1d05d...473d93df9210",
           "value": "08e1d05d...473d93df9210"
         }
       ]
     }]
   }

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   The following example shows how to change a User's entire "work"
   address using a "valuePath" filter.  Note that by setting "primary"
   to "true", the service provider will reset primary to "false" for any
   other existing values of "addresses".

   PATCH /Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646
   Host: example.com
   Accept: application/scim+json
   Content-Type: application/scim+json
   Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8
   If-Match: W/"a330bc54f0671c9"

   {
     "schemas":
       ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:PatchOp"],
     "Operations": [{
       "op":"replace",
       "path":"addresses[type eq \"work\"]",
       "value":
       {
         "type": "work",
         "streetAddress": "911 Universal City Plaza",
         "locality": "Hollywood",
         "region": "CA",
         "postalCode": "91608",
         "country": "US",
         "formatted":
   "911 Universal City Plaza\nHollywood, CA 91608 US",
         "primary": true
       }
     }]
   }

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   The following example shows how to change a specific sub-attribute
   "streetAddress" of complex attribute "emails" selected by "valuePath"
   filter:

   PATCH /Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646
   Host: example.com
   Accept: application/scim+json
   Content-Type: application/scim+json
   Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8
   If-Match: W/"a330bc54f0671c9"

   {
     "schemas":
       ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:PatchOp"],
     "Operations": [{
       "op":"replace",
       "path":"addresses[type eq \"work\"].streetAddress",
       "value":"1010 Broadway Ave"
     }]
   }

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   The following example shows how to replace all values of one or more
   specific attributes of a User resource.  Note that other attributes
   are unaffected.

   PATCH /Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646
   Host: example.com
   Accept: application/scim+json
   Content-Type: application/scim+json
   Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8
   If-Match: W/"a330bc54f0671c9"

   {
     "schemas":
       ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:PatchOp"],
     "Operations": [{
       "op":"replace",
       "value":"{
         "emails":[
           {
             "value":"bjensen@example.com",
             "type":"work",
             "primary":true
           },
           {
             "value":"babs@jensen.org",
             "type":"home"
           }
         ],
         "nickname":"Babs"
     }]
   }

3.6.  Deleting Resources

   Clients request resource removal via DELETE.  Service providers MAY
   choose not to permanently delete the resource, but MUST return a 404
   error code for all operations associated with the previously deleted
   resource.  Service providers MUST omit the resource from future query
   results.  In addition the service provider SHOULD NOT consider the
   deleted resource in conflict calculation.  For example if a User
   resource is deleted, a CREATE request for a User resource with the
   same userName as the previously deleted resource SHOULD NOT fail with
   a 409 error due to userName conflict.

            DELETE /Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646
            Host: example.com
            Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8
            If-Match: W/"c310cd84f0281b7"

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   In response to a successful delete, the server SHALL respond with
   successful HTTP status 204 (No Content).  A non-normative example
   response:

                          HTTP/1.1 204 No Content

   Example: Client attempt to retrieve the previously deleted User

              GET /Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646
              Host: example.com
              Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8

   Server Response:

    HTTP/1.1 404 NOT FOUND

    {
      "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:Error"],
      "Errors":[
        {
          "description":
            "Resource 2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646 not found",
          "code":"404"
        }
      ]
    }

3.7.  Bulk Operations

   The SCIM bulk operation is an optional server feature that enables
   clients to send a potentially large collection of resource operations
   in a single request.  Support for bulk requests can be discovered by
   querying the service provider configuration (see Section 4).  The
   body of a a bulk operation contains a set of HTTP resource operations
   using one of the API supported HTTP methods; i.e., POST, PUT, PATCH
   or DELETE.

   Bulk requests are identified using the following schemas URI:
   "urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:BulkRequest".  Bulk responses
   are identified using the following URI:
   "urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:BulkResponse".  Bulk requests
   and bulk responses share many attributes.  Unless otherwise
   specified, each attribute below is present in both bulk requests and
   bulk responses.

   The following singular attribute is defined in addition to the common
   attributes defined in SCIM core schema.

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   failOnErrors
      An Integer specifying the number of errors that the service
      provider will accept before the operation is terminated and an
      error response is returned.  OPTIONAL in a request.  Not valid in
      a response.

   The following complex multi-valued attribute is defined in addition
   to the common attributes defined in core schema.

   Operations
      Defines operations within a bulk job.  Each operation corresponds
      to a single HTTP request against a resource endpoint.  REQUIRED.
      Operations has the following sub-attributes:

      method  The HTTP method of the current operation.  Possible values
         are "POST", "PUT", "PATCH" or "DELETE".  REQUIRED.

      bulkId  The transient identifier of a newly created resource,
         unique within a bulk request and created by the client.  The
         bulkId serves as a surrogate resource id enabling clients to
         uniquely identify newly created resources in the Response and
         cross reference new resources in and across operations within a
         bulk request.  REQUIRED when method is POST.

      version  The current resource version.  Version MAY be used if the
         service provider supports ETags and the method is PUT, PATCH,
         or DELETE.

      path  The resource's relative path to the SCIM service provider's
         root.  If the method is POST the value must specify a resource
         type endpoint; e.g., /Users or /Groups whereas all other method
         values must specify the path to a specific resource; e.g.,
         /Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646.  REQUIRED in a
         request.

      data  The resource data as it would appear for a single POST, PUT
         or PATCH resource operation.  REQUIRED in a request when method
         is POST, PUT and PATCH.

      location  The resource endpoint URL.  REQUIRED in a response,
         except in the event of a POST failure.

      response  The HTTP response body to the specified request
         operation.  When indicating a response with an HTTP status
         other than a 200 series response, the response body MUST be
         included.  For normal completion, the server MAY elect to omit
         the response body.

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      status  The HTTP response status code to the requested operation.
         When indicating an error, the "response" attribute MUST contain
         the detailed error response as per Section 3.12.

   If a bulk job is processed successfully the HTTP response code 200 OK
   MUST be returned, otherwise an appropriate HTTP error code MUST be
   returned.

   The service provider MUST continue performing as many changes as
   possible and disregard partial failures.  The client MAY override
   this behavior by specifying a value for the "failOnErrors" attribute.
   The failOnErrors attribute defines the number of errors that the
   service provider should accept before failing the remaining
   operations returning the response.

   To be able to reference a newly created resource the attribute bulkId
   MAY be specified when creating new resources.  The "bulkId" is
   defined by the client as a surrogate identifier in a POST operation
   (see Section 3.7.2).  The service provider MUST return the same
   "bulkId" together with the newly created resource.  The "bulkId" can
   then be used by the client to map the service provider id with the
   "bulkId" of the created resource.

   A SCIM service provider MAY elect to optimize a sequence operations
   received (e.g., to improve processing performance).  When doing so,
   the service provider MUST ensure the client's intent is preserved and
   the same stateful result is achieved as for non-optimized processing.
   For example, before a "User" can be added to a "Group", they must
   first be created.  Processing these requests out of order, might
   result in a failure to add the new "User" to the "Group".

3.7.1.  Circular Reference Processing

   The service provider MUST try to resolve circular cross references
   between resources in a single bulk job but MAY stop after a failed
   attempt and instead return the status code 409 Conflict.  The
   following example exhibits the potential conflict.

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   POST /v2/Bulk
   Host: example.com
   Accept: application/scim+json
   Content-Type: application/scim+json
   Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8
   Content-Length: ...

   {
     "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:BulkRequest"],
     "Operations": [
       {
         "method": "POST",
         "path": "/Groups",
         "bulkId": "qwerty",
         "data": {
           "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:Group"],
           "displayName": "Group A",
           "members": [
             {
               "type": "Group",
               "value": "bulkId:ytrewq"
             }
           ]
         }
       },
       {
         "method": "POST",
         "path": "/Groups",
         "bulkId": "ytrewq",
         "data": {
           "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:Group"],
           "displayName": "Group B",
           "members": [
             {
               "type": "Group",
               "value": "bulkId:qwerty"
             }
           ]
         }
       }
     ]
   }

   If the service provider resolved the above circular references the
   following is returned from a subsequent GET request.

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   GET /v2/Groups?filter=displayName sw 'Group'
   Host: example.com
   Accept: application/scim+json
   Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8

   HTTP/1.1 200 OK
   Content-Type: application/scim+json

   {
     "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:ListResponse"],
     "totalResults": 2,
     "Resources": [
       {
         "id": "c3a26dd3-27a0-4dec-a2ac-ce211e105f97",
         "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:Group"],
         "displayName": "Group A",
         "meta": {
           "resourceType": "Group",
           "created": "2011-08-01T18:29:49.793Z",
           "lastModified": "2011-08-01T18:29:51.135Z",
           "location":
   "https://example.com/v2/Groups/c3a26dd3-27a0-4dec-a2ac-ce211e105f97",
           "version": "W\/\"mvwNGaxB5SDq074p\""
         },
         "members": [
           {
             "value": "6c5bb468-14b2-4183-baf2-06d523e03bd3",
             "$ref":
   "https://example.com/v2/Groups/6c5bb468-14b2-4183-baf2-06d523e03bd3",
             "type": "Group"
           }
         ]
       },
       {
         "id": "6c5bb468-14b2-4183-baf2-06d523e03bd3",
         "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:Group"],
         "displayName": "Group B",
         "meta": {
           "resourceType": "Group",
           "created": "2011-08-01T18:29:50.873Z",
           "lastModified": "2011-08-01T18:29:50.873Z",
           "location":
   "https://example.com/v2/Groups/6c5bb468-14b2-4183-baf2-06d523e03bd3",
           "version": "W\/\"wGB85s2QJMjiNnuI\""
         },
         "members": [
           {

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             "value": "c3a26dd3-27a0-4dec-a2ac-ce211e105f97",
             "$ref":
   "https://example.com/v2/Groups/c3a26dd3-27a0-4dec-a2ac-ce211e105f97",
             "type": "Group"
           }
         ]
       }
     ]
   }

3.7.2.  BulkdId Temporary Identifiers

   A SCIM client can, within one bulk operation, create a new "User", a
   new "Group" and add the newly created "User" to the newly created
   "Group".  In order to add the new "User" to the "Group" the client
   must use the surrogate id attribute, "bulkId", to reference the User.
   The "bulkId" attribute value must be pre-pended with the literal
   "bulkId:"; e.g., if the bulkId is 'qwerty', the value is
   "bulkId:qwerty".  The service provider MUST replace the string
   "bulkId:qwerty" with the permanent resource id once created.

   To create multiple distinct requests, each with their own "bulkId",
   the SCIM client specifies different "bulkId" values for each separate
   request.

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   The following example creates a User with the "userName" 'Alice' and
   a "Group" with the "displayName" 'Tour Guides' with Alice as a
   member.  Notice that each operation has its own "bulkId" value.
   However, the second operation (whose "bulkId" is "ytrewq") refers to
   the "bulkId" of "qwerty" in order to add Alice to new 'Tour Guides'
   group.

   POST /v2/Bulk
   Host: example.com
   Accept: application/scim+json
   Content-Type: application/scim+json
   Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8
   Content-Length: ...

   {
     "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:BulkRequest"],
     "Operations": [
       {
         "method": "POST",
         "path": "/Users",
         "bulkId": "qwerty",
         "data": {
           "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:User"],
           "userName": "Alice"
         }
       },
       {
         "method": "POST",
         "path": "/Groups",
         "bulkId": "ytrewq",
         "data": {
           "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:Group"],
           "displayName": "Tour Guides",
           "members": [
             {
               "type": "User",
               "value": "bulkId:qwerty"
             }
           ]
         }
       }
     ]
   }

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   The service provider returns the following response:

   HTTP/1.1 200 OK
   Content-Type: application/json

   {
     "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:BulkResponse"],
     "Operations": [
       {
         "location":
   "https://example.com/v2/Users/92b725cd-9465-4e7d-8c16-01f8e146b87a",
         "method": "POST",
         "bulkId": "qwerty",
         "version": "W\/\"4weymrEsh5O6cAEK\"",
         "status": {
           "code": "201"
         }
       },
       {
         "location":
   "https://example.com/v2/Groups/e9e30dba-f08f-4109-8486-d5c6a331660a",
         "method": "POST",
         "bulkId": "ytrewq",
         "version": "W\/\"lha5bbazU3fNvfe5\"",
         "status": {
           "code": "201"
         }
       }
     ]
   }

   In the above example, the Alice User resource has an "id" of
   "92b725cd-9465-4e7d-8c16-01f8e146b87a" and the Tour Guides Group has
   an "id" of "e9e30dba-f08f-4109-8486-d5c6a331660a".

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   A subsequent GET request for the 'Tour Guides' Group (with an "id" of
   "e9e30dba-f08f-4109-8486-d5c6a331660a") returns the following with
   Alice's "id" as the value for the member in the Group 'Tour Guides':

   HTTP/1.1 200 OK
   Content-Type: application/scim+json
   Location:
    https://example.com/v2/Groups/e9e30dba-f08f-4109-8486-d5c6a331660a
   ETag: W/"lha5bbazU3fNvfe5"

   {
     "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:Group"],
     "id": "e9e30dba-f08f-4109-8486-d5c6a331660a",
     "displayName": "Tour Guides",
     "meta": {
       "resourceType": "Group",
       "created": "2011-08-01T18:29:49.793Z",
       "lastModified": "2011-08-01T20:31:02.315Z",
       "location":
   "https://example.com/v2/Groups/e9e30dba-f08f-4109-8486-d5c6a331660a",
       "version": "W\/\"lha5bbazU3fNvfe5\""
     },
     "members": [
       {
         "value": "92b725cd-9465-4e7d-8c16-01f8e146b87a",
         "$ref":
   "https://example.com/v2/Users/92b725cd-9465-4e7d-8c16-01f8e146b87a",
         "type": "User"
       }
     ]
   }

   Extensions that include references to other resources MUST be handled
   in the same way by the service provider.  The following example uses
   the bulkId attribute within the enterprise extension managerId
   attribute.

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 POST /v2/Bulk
 Host: example.com
 Accept: application/scim+json
 Content-Type: application/scim+json
 Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8
 Content-Length: ...

 {
   "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:BulkRequest"],
   "Operations": [
     {
       "method": "POST",
       "path": "/Users",
       "bulkId": "qwerty",
       "data": {
         "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:User"],
         "userName": "Alice"
       }
     },
     {
       "method": "POST",
       "path": "/Users",
       "bulkId": "ytrewq",
       "data": {
         "schemas": [
           "urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:User",
           "urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:extension:enterprise:2.0:User"
         ],
         "userName": "Bob",
         "urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:extension:enterprise:2.0:User": {
           "employeeNumber": "11250",
           "manager": {
             "value": "batchId:qwerty"
           }
         }
       }
     }
   ]
 }

3.7.3.  Response and Error Handling

   The service provider response MUST include the result of all
   processed operations.  A "location" attribute that includes the
   resource's endpoint MUST be returned for all operations excluding
   failed POSTs.  The status attribute includes information about the
   success or failure of one operation within the bulk job.  The
   attribute status MUST include the code attribute that holds the HTTP

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   response code that would have been returned if a single HTTP request
   would have been used.  If an error occurred the status MUST also
   include the description attribute containing a human readable
   explanation of the error.

   "status": "201"

   The following is an example of a status in a failed operation.

  "status": "400",
  "response":{
       "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:Error"],
       "scimType":"invalidSyntax"
       "detail":
  "Request is unparsable, syntactically incorrect, or violates schema.",
       "status":"400"
   }

   The following example shows how to add, update, and remove a user.
   The "failOnErrors" attribute is set to '1' indicating the service
   provider should return on the first error.  The POST operation's
   bulkId value is set to 'qwerty' enabling the client to match the new
   User with the returned resource id '92b725cd-9465-4e7d-
   8c16-01f8e146b87a'.

   POST /v2/Bulk
   Host: example.com
   Accept: application/scim+json
   Content-Type: application/scim+json
   Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8
   Content-Length: ...

   {
     "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:BulkRequest"],
     "failOnErrors":1,
     "Operations":[
       {
         "method":"POST",
         "path":"/Users",
         "bulkId":"qwerty",
         "data":{
           "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:User"],
           "userName":"Alice"
         }
       },
       {

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         "method":"PUT",
         "path":"/Users/b7c14771-226c-4d05-8860-134711653041",
         "version":"W\/\"3694e05e9dff591\"",
         "data":{
           "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:User"],
           "id":"b7c14771-226c-4d05-8860-134711653041",
           "userName":"Bob"
         }
       },
       {
         "method": "PATCH",
         "path": "/Users/5d8d29d3-342c-4b5f-8683-a3cb6763ffcc",
         "version": "W/\"edac3253e2c0ef2\"",
         "data": {[
           {
               "op": "remove",
               "path": "nickName"
           },
           {
               "op": "add",
               "path": "userName",
               "value": "Dave"
           }
         ]}
       },
       {
         "method":"DELETE",
         "path":"/Users/e9025315-6bea-44e1-899c-1e07454e468b",
         "version":"W\/\"0ee8add0a938e1a\""
       }
     ]
   }

   The service provider returns the following response.

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  HTTP/1.1 200 OK
  Content-Type: application/scim+json

  {
      "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:BulkResponse"],
      "Operations": [
          {
              "location":
  "https://example.com/v2/Users/92b725cd-9465-4e7d-8c16-01f8e146b87a",
              "method": "POST",
              "bulkId": "qwerty",
              "version": "W\/\"oY4m4wn58tkVjJxK\"",
              "status": "201"
          },
          {
              "location":
  "https://example.com/v2/Users/b7c14771-226c-4d05-8860-134711653041",
              "method": "PUT",
              "version": "W\/\"huJj29dMNgu3WXPD\"",
              "status": "200"
          },
          {
              "location":
  "https://example.com/v2/Users/5d8d29d3-342c-4b5f-8683-a3cb6763ffcc",
              "method": "PATCH",
              "version": "W\/\"huJj29dMNgu3WXPD\"",
              "status": "200"
          },
          {
              "location":
  "https://example.com/v2/Users/e9025315-6bea-44e1-899c-1e07454e468b",
              "method": "DELETE",
              "status": "204"
          }
      ]
  }

   The following response is returned if an error occurred when
   attempting to create the User 'Alice'.  The service provider stops
   processing the bulk operation and immediately returns a response to
   the client.  The response contains the error and any successful
   results prior to the error.

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  HTTP/1.1 200 OK
  Content-Type: application/scim+json

  {
    "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:BulkResponse"],
    "Operations": [
      {
        "method": "POST",
        "bulkId": "qwerty",
        "status": "400",
        "response":{
           "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:Error"],
           "scimType":"invalidSyntax"
           "detail":
  "Request is unparsable, syntactically incorrect, or violates schema.",
           "status":"400"
        }
      }
    ]
  }

   If the "failOnErrors" attribute is not specified or the service
   provider has not reached the error limit defined by the client the
   service provider will continue to process all operations.  The
   following is an example in which all operations failed.

 HTTP/1.1 200 OK
 Content-Type: application/scim+json

 {
   "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:BulkResponse"],
   "Operations": [
     {
       "method": "POST",
       "bulkId": "qwerty",
       "status": "400",
       "response":{
          "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:Error"],
          "scimType":"invalidSyntax"
          "detail":
 "Request is unparsable, syntactically incorrect, or violates schema.",
          "status":"400"
       }
     },
     {
       "location":
 "https://example.com/v2/Users/b7c14771-226c-4d05-8860-134711653041",

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       "method": "PUT",
       "status": "412",
       "response":{
           "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:Error"],
           "detail":"Failed to update. Resource changed on the server.",
           "status":"412"
       }
     },
     {
       "location":
 "https://example.com/v2/Users/5d8d29d3-342c-4b5f-8683-a3cb6763ffcc",
       "method": "PATCH",
       "status": "412",
       "response":{
           "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:Error"],
           "detail":"Failed to update. Resource changed on the server.",
           "status":"412"
       }
     },
     {
       "location":
 "https://example.com/v2/Users/e9025315-6bea-44e1-899c-1e07454e468b",
       "method": "DELETE",
       "status": "404",
       "response":{
           "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:Error"],
           "detail":"Resource does not exist.",
           "status":"404"
       }
     }
   ]
 }

3.7.4.  Maximum Operations

   The service provider MUST define the maximum number of operations and
   maximum payload size a client may send in a single request.  These
   limits MAY be retrieved from the service provider Configuration (see
   'bulk' in Section 5 and 8.5 of [I-D.ietf-scim-core-schema]).  If
   either limits are exceeded the service provider MUST return the HTTP
   response code 413 Request Entity Too Large.  The returned response
   MUST specify the limit exceeded in the body of the error response.

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   The following example the client sent a request exceeding the service
   provider's max payload size of 1 megabyte:

   POST /v2/Bulk
   Host: example.com
   Accept: application/scim+json
   Content-Type: application/scim+json
   Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8
   Content-Length: 4294967296

   ...

   In response to the over-sized request, the server responds with the
   following error:

  HTTP/1.1 413 Request Entity Too Large
  Content-Type: application/scim+json

  {
    "schemas":["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:Error"],
    "status": "413",
    "detail":
  "The size of the bulk operation exceeds the maxPayloadSize (1048576)."
  }

3.8.  Data Input/Output Formats

   Servers MUST accept requests and be able to respond with JSON
   structured responses using UTF-8 encoding [RFC3629], UTF-8 SHALL be
   the default encoding format.  Other media types MAY be supported by
   service providers but are beyond the scope of this specification.

   Clients using other encodings MUST specify the format in which the
   data is submitted via HTTP header "Content-Type" as specified in
   Section 3.1.1.5 [RFC7231] and MAY specify the desired response data
   format via an HTTP "Accept" header ( Section 5.3.2 [RFC7231] ); e.g.,
   "Accept: application/scim+json" or via URI suffix; e.g.,

   GET /Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646.scim
   Host: example.com

   Service providers MUST support the accept header "Accept:
   application/scim+json" and SHOULD support header "Accept:
   application/json" both of which specify JSON documents conforming to
   [RFC7159].  The format defaults to "application/scim+json" if no
   format is specified.

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   Singular attributes are encoded as string name-value-pairs in JSON;
   e.g.,

   "attribute": "value"

   Multi-valued attributes in JSON are encoded as arrays; e.g.,

   "attributes": [ "value1", "value2" ]

   Elements with nested elements are represented as objects in JSON;
   e.g,

   "attribute": { "subattribute1": "value1", "subattribute2": "value2" }

3.9.  Additional Operation Response Parameters

   For any SCIM operation where a resource representation is returned
   (e.g., HTTP GET), the attributes returned are defined as the minimum
   attribute set plus default attributes set.  The minimum set are those
   attributes that have their "returned" characteristic set to "always"
   (see Section 2.2 of [I-D.ietf-scim-core-schema]).  The default
   attribute set are those attributes that have the "returned"
   characteristic set to "default".

   Clients MAY request a partial resource representation on any
   operation that returns a resource within the response by specifying
   either of the mutually exclusive URL query parameters "attributes" or
   "excludedAttributes" as follows:

   attributes  When specified the default list of attributes SHALL be
           overridden and each resource returned MUST contain the
           minimum set of resource attributes and any attributes or sub-
           attributes explicitly requested by the "attributes"
           parameter.  The query parameter attributes value is a comma
           separated list of resource attribute names in standard
           attribute notation (Section 3.10) form (e.g., userName, name,
           emails).

   excludedAttributes  When specified, each resource returned MUST
           contain the minimal set of resource attributes.
           Additionally, the default set of attributes minus those
           attributes listed in "excludedAttributes" are also returned.
           The query parameter attributes value is a comma separated
           list of resource attribute names in standard attribute
           notation (Section 3.10) form (e.g., userName, name, emails).

   .

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   GET /Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646?attributes=userName
   Host: example.com
   Accept: application/scim+json
   Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8

   Giving the response

   HTTP/1.1 200 OK
   Content-Type: application/scim+json
   Location:
    https://example.com/v2/Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646
   ETag: W/"a330bc54f0671c9"

   {
     "schemas":["urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:User"],
     "id":"2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646",
     "userName":"bjensen"
   }

3.10.  Attribute Notation

   All operations share a common scheme for referencing simple and
   complex attributes.  In general, attributes are uniquely identified
   by prefixing the attribute name with its schema URN separated by a
   colon (":") character; e.g., the core User resource attribute
   'userName' is identified as
   "urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:User:userName".  Clients MAY
   omit core schema attribute URN prefixes but SHOULD fully qualify
   extended attributes with the associated schema extension URN to avoid
   naming conflicts.  For example, the attribute 'age' defined in
   "urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:exampleCo:2.0:hr" is uniquely
   identified as "urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:exampleCo:2.0:hr:age".
   Complex attributes' sub-attributes are referenced via nested, dot
   ('.') notation; i.e., {urn}:{Attribute name}.{Sub-Attribute name}.
   For example, the fully qualified path for a User's givenName is
   "urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:User:name.givenName" All
   facets (URN, attribute and Sub-Attribute name) of the fully encoded
   Attribute name are case insensitive.

3.11.  "/Me" Authenticated Subject Alias

   A client MAY use a URL of the form "<base-URI>/Me" as a URI alias for
   the User or other resource associated with the currently
   authenticated subject for any SCIM operation.  A service provider MAY
   respond in one of 3 ways:

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   o  A service provider that does NOT support this feature SHOULD
      respond with status 501 (NOT IMPLEMENTED).

   o  A service provider MAY choose to redirect the client using HTTP
      status 308 to the resource associated with the authenticated
      subject.  The client MAY then repeat the request at the indicated
      location.

   o  A service provider MAY process the SCIM request directly.  In any
      response, the HTTP "Location" header MUST be the permanent
      location of the aliased resource associated with the authenticated
      subject.

   When using the SCIM Create Resource command (HTTP POST) with the
   "/Me" alias, the desired resourceType being created is at the
   discretion of the service provider based on the authenticated subject
   (if not anonymous) making the request and any request body attributes
   (e.g., "schemas").  See Section 7.6 for information on security
   considerations related to this operation.

3.12.  HTTP Status and Error Response Handling

   The SCIM Protocol uses the HTTP status response status codes defined
   in Section 6 [RFC7231] to indicate operation success or failure.  In
   addition to returning a HTTP response code implementers MUST return
   the errors in the body of the response in the client requested format
   containing the error response and, per the HTTP specification, human-
   readable explanations.  Error responses are identified using the
   following "schema" URI:
   "urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:Error".  The following
   attributes are defined for a SCIM error response using a JSON body:

   status
      The HTTP status code (see Section 6 [RFC7231]) expressed as a JSON
      String.  REQUIRED

   scimType
      A SCIM detailed error keyword.  See Table 9.  OPTIONAL

   detail
      A detailed, human readable message.  OPTIONAL

   Implementers SHOULD handle the identified HTTP status codes as
   described below.

   +--------------+---------------+------------------------------------+
   | Status       | Applicability | Suggested Explanation              |
   +--------------+---------------+------------------------------------+

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   | 307          | GET, POST,    | The client is directed to repeat   |
   | TEMPORARY    | PUT, PATCH,   | the same HTTP request at the       |
   | REDIRECT     | DELETE        | location identified. The client    |
   |              |               | SHOULD NOT use the location        |
   |              |               | provided in the response as a      |
   |              |               | permanent reference to the         |
   |              |               | resource and SHOULD continue to    |
   |              |               | use the original request URI       |
   |              |               | [RFC7231].                         |
   | 308          | GET, POST,    | The client is directed to repeat   |
   | PERMANENT    | PUT, PATCH,   | the same HTTP request at the       |
   | REDIRECT     | DELETE        | location identified. The client    |
   |              |               | SHOULD use the location provided   |
   |              |               | in the response as the permanent   |
   |              |               | reference to the resource          |
   |              |               | [RFC7538].                         |
   | 400 BAD      | GET, POST,    | Request is unparsable,             |
   | REQUEST      | PUT, PATCH,   | syntactically incorrect, or        |
   |              | DELETE        | violates schema                    |
   | 401          | GET, POST,    | Authorization failure. The         |
   | UNAUTHORIZED | PUT, PATCH,   | authorization header is invalid or |
   |              | DELETE        | missing.                           |
   | 403          | GET, POST,    | Operation is not permitted based   |
   | FORBIDDEN    | PUT, PATCH,   | on the supplied authorization.     |
   |              | DELETE        |                                    |
   | 404 NOT      | GET, POST,    | Specified resource (e.g., User) or |
   | FOUND        | PUT, PATCH,   | end-point, does not exist          |
   |              | DELETE        |                                    |
   | 409 CONFLICT | POST, PUT,    | The specified version number does  |
   |              | PATCH, DELETE | not match the resource's latest    |
   |              |               | version number or a service        |
   |              |               | provider refused to create a new,  |
   |              |               | duplicate resource                 |
   | 412          | PUT, PATCH,D  | Failed to update as resource {id}  |
   | PRECONDITION | ELETE         | changed on the server last         |
   | FAILED       |               | retrieved                          |
   | 413 REQUEST  | POST          | {"maxOperations":                  |
   | ENTITY TOO   |               | 1000,"maxPayload": 1048576}        |
   | LARGE        |               |                                    |
   | 500 INTERNAL | GET, POST,    | An internal error. Implementers    |
   | SERVER ERROR | PUT, PATCH,   | SHOULD provide descriptive         |
   |              | DELETE        | debugging advice                   |
   | 501 NOT      | GET, POST,    | Service Provider does not support  |
   | IMPLEMENTED  | PUT, PATCH,   | the request operation; e.g., PATCH |
   |              | DELETE        |                                    |
   +--------------+---------------+------------------------------------+

                   Table 8: SCIM HTTP Status Code Usage

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   For HTTP Status 400 (Bad Request) responses, the following detail
   error types are defined:

   +--------------+------------------------------+---------------------+
   | scimType     | Description                  | Applicability       |
   +--------------+------------------------------+---------------------+
   | invalidFilte | The specified filter syntax  | GET(Section 3.4.2), |
   | r            | was invalid (does not comply | POST (Search -      |
   |              | with Figure 1) or the        | Section 3.4.3),     |
   |              | specified attribute and      | PATCH (Path Filter  |
   |              | filter comparison            | - Section 3.5.2)    |
   |              | combination is not           |                     |
   |              | supported.                   |                     |
   | tooMany      | The specified filter yields  | GET(Section 3.4.2), |
   |              | many more results than the   | POST (Search -      |
   |              | server is willing calculate  | Section 3.4.3)      |
   |              | or process. For example, a   |                     |
   |              | filter such as "(userName    |                     |
   |              | pr)" by itself would return  |                     |
   |              | all entries with a           |                     |
   |              | "userName" and MAY not be    |                     |
   |              | acceptable to the service    |                     |
   |              | provider.                    |                     |
   | uniqueness   | One or more of attribute     | POST (Create -      |
   |              | values is already in use or  | Section 3.3), PUT   |
   |              | is reserved.                 | (Section 3.5.1),    |
   |              |                              | PATCH (Section      |
   |              |                              | 3.5.2)              |
   | mutability   | The attempted modification   | PUT (Section        |
   |              | is not compatible with the   | 3.5.1), PATCH       |
   |              | target attributes mutability | (Section 3.5.2)     |
   |              | or current state (e.g.,      |                     |
   |              | modification of an immutable |                     |
   |              | attribute with an existing   |                     |
   |              | value).                      |                     |
   | invalidSynta | The request body message     | POST (Search -      |
   | x            | structure was invalid or did | Section 3.4.2,      |
   |              | not conform to the request   | Create - Section    |
   |              | schema.                      | 3.3, Bulk - Section |
   |              |                              | 3.7), PUT (Section  |
   |              |                              | 3.5.1)              |
   | invalidPath  | The path attribute was       | PATCH (Section      |
   |              | invalid or malformed (see    | 3.5.2)              |
   |              | Figure 7).                   |                     |
   | noTarget     | The specified "path" did not | PATCH (Section      |
   |              | yield an attribute or        | 3.5.2)              |
   |              | attribute value that could   |                     |
   |              | be operated on. This occurs  |                     |

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   |              | when the specified "path"    |                     |
   |              | value contains a filter that |                     |
   |              | yields no match.             |                     |
   | invalidValue | A required value was         | GET (Section        |
   |              | missing, or the value        | 3.4.2), POST        |
   |              | specified was not compatible | (Create - Section   |
   |              | with the operation or        | 3.3, Query -        |
   |              | attribute type (see Section  | Section 3.4.2), PUT |
   |              | 2.2 [I-D.ietf-scim-core-sche | (Section 3.5.1),    |
   |              | ma]), or resource schema     | PATCH (Section      |
   |              | (see Section 4 [I-D.ietf-sci | 3.5.2)              |
   |              | m-core-schema]).             |                     |
   | invalidVers  | The specified SCIM protocol  | GET (Section        |
   |              | version is not supported     | 3.4.2), POST (ALL), |
   |              | (see Section 3.13).          | PUT (Section        |
   |              |                              | 3.5.1), PATCH       |
   |              |                              | (Section 3.5.2),    |
   |              |                              | DELETE (Section     |
   |              |                              | 3.6)                |
   | sensitive    | The specified request cannot | GET (Section        |
   |              | be completed due to passing  | 3.4.2).             |
   |              | of sensitive (e.g.,          |                     |
   |              | personal) information in a   |                     |
   |              | request URI. For example,    |                     |
   |              | personal information SHALL   |                     |
   |              | NOT be transmitted over      |                     |
   |              | request URIs. See Section    |                     |
   |              | 7.5.2.                       |                     |
   +--------------+------------------------------+---------------------+

            Table 9: Table of SCIM Detail Error Keyword Values

   Note that in the table above (Table 9), the applicability table
   applies to the normal HTTP method but MAY apply within a SCIM Bulk
   operation (via HTTP POST).

   Error example in response to a non-existent GET request.

   HTTP/1.1 404 NOT FOUND

   {
     "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:Error"],
     "detail":"Resource 2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646 not found",
     "status": "404"
   }

   Error example in response to a PUT request.

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   HTTP/1.1 400 BAD REQUEST

   {
     "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:Error"],
     "scimType":"mutability"
     "detail":"Attribute 'id' is readOnly",
     "status": "400"
   }

3.13.  SCIM Protocol Versioning

   The Base URL MAY be appended with a version identifier as a separate
   segment in the URL path.  At this time of this specification, the
   identifier is 'v2'.  If specified, the version identifier MUST appear
   in the URL path immediately preceding the resource endpoint and
   conform to the following scheme: the character 'v' followed by the
   desired SCIM version number; e.g., a version 'v2' User request is
   specified as /v2/Users.  When specified service providers MUST
   perform the operation using the desired version or reject the
   request.  When omitted service providers SHOULD perform the operation
   using the most recent SCIM protocol version supported by the service
   provider.

3.14.  Versioning Resources

   The SCIM protocol supports resource versioning via standard HTTP
   ETags Section 2.3 [RFC7232].  Service providers MAY support weak
   ETags as the preferred mechanism for performing conditional
   retrievals and ensuring clients do not inadvertently overwrite each
   others changes, respectively.  When supported, SCIM ETags MUST be
   specified as an HTTP header and SHOULD be specified within the
   'version' attribute contained in the resource's 'meta' attribute.

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   Example create request:

   POST /Users  HTTP/1.1
   Host: example.com
   Content-Type:  application/scim+json
   Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8
   Content-Length: ...

   {
     "schemas":["urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:User"],
     "userName":"bjensen",
     "externalId":"bjensen",
     "name":{
       "formatted":"Ms. Barbara J Jensen III",
       "familyName":"Jensen",
       "givenName":"Barbara"
     }
   }

   The server responds with an ETag in the response header and meta
   structure.

   HTTP/1.1 201 Created
   Content-Type: application/scim+json
   Location:
    https://example.com/v2/Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646
   ETag: W/"e180ee84f0671b1"

   {
     "schemas":["urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:User"],
     "id":"2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646",
     "meta":{
       "resourceType":"User",
       "created":"2011-08-01T21:32:44.882Z",
       "lastModified":"2011-08-01T21:32:44.882Z",
       "location":
   "https://example.com/v2/Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646",
       "version":"W\/\"e180ee84f0671b1\""
     },
     "name":{
       "formatted":"Ms. Barbara J Jensen III",
       "familyName":"Jensen",
       "givenName":"Barbara"
     },
     "userName":"bjensen"
   }

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   With the returned ETag, clients MAY choose to retrieve the resource
   only if the resource has been modified.

   Conditional retrieval example using If-None-Match Section 3.2
   [RFC7233] header:

  GET /Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646?attributes=displayName
  Host: example.com
  Accept: application/scim+json
  Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8
  If-None-Match: W/"e180ee84f0671b1"

   If the resource has not changed the service provider simply returns
   an empty body with a 304 "Not Modified" response code.

   If the service providers supports versioning of resources the client
   MAY supply an If-Match Section 3.2 [RFC7233] header for PUT and PATCH
   operations to ensure that the requested operation succeeds only if
   the supplied ETag matches the latest service provider resource; e.g.,
   If-Match: W/"e180ee84f0671b1"

4.  Service Provider Configuration Endpoints

   SCIM 2 defines 3 endpoints to facilitate discovery of SCIM service
   provider features and schema that MAY be retrieved using HTTP GET:

   /ServiceProviderConfig
      An HTTP GET to this endpoint will return a JSON structure that
      describes the SCIM specification features available on a service
      provider.  This endpoint SHALL return responses with a JSON object
      using a "schemas" attribute of
      "urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:ServiceProviderConfig".
      The attributes returned in the JSON object are defined in
      Section 5 [I-D.ietf-scim-core-schema].  An example representation
      of SCIM service provider configuration may be found in Section 8.5
      [I-D.ietf-scim-core-schema].

   /Schemas
      An HTTP GET to this endpoint is used to retrieve information about
      resource schemas supported by a SCIM service provider.  An HTTP
      GET to the endpoint "/Schemas" SHALL return all supported schemas
      in ListResponse format (see Figure 3).  Individual schema
      definitions can be returned by appending the schema URI to the
      schemas endpoint.  For example:

            /Schemas/urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:User

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      The contents of each schema returned is described in Section 7
      [I-D.ietf-scim-core-schema].  An example representation of SCIM
      schemas may be found in Section 8.7 [I-D.ietf-scim-core-schema].

   /ResourceTypes
      An HTTP GET to this endpoint is used to discover the types of
      resources available on a SCIM service provider (e.g., Users and
      Groups).  Each resource type defines the endpoints, the core
      schema URI that defines the resource, and any supported schema
      extensions.  The attributes defining a resource type can be found
      in Section 6 [I-D.ietf-scim-core-schema], and an example
      representation can be found in Section 8.6
      [I-D.ietf-scim-core-schema].

   In cases where a request is for a specific "ResourceType" or
   "Schema", the single JSON object is returned in the same way a single
   User or Group is retrieved as per Section 3.4.1.  When returning
   multiple ResourceTypes or Schemas, the message form described by
   "urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:ListResponse" (ListResponse)
   form SHALL be used as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 9 below.  Query
   parameters described in section 3.2 such as, sorting, attributes, and
   paging SHALL be ignored.  If a "filter" is provided, the service
   provider SHOULD respond with HTTP Status 403 (FORBIDDEN) to ensure
   clients cannot incorrectly assume any matching conditions specified
   in a filter are true.

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   The following is a non-normative example of an HTTP GET to the
   /ResourceTypes endpoint:

  {
    "totalResults":2,
    "itemsPerPage":10,
    "startIndex":1,
    "schemas":["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:ListResponse"],
    "Resources":[{
      "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:ResourceType"],
      "id":"User",
      "name":"User",
      "endpoint": "/Users",
      "description": "User Account",
      "schema": "urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:User",
      "schemaExtensions": [{
        "schema":
          "urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:extension:enterprise:2.0:User",
        "required": true
      }],
      "meta": {
        "location":"https://example.com/v2/ResourceTypes/User",
        "resourceType": "ResourceType"
      }
    },
   {
     "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:ResourceType"],
     "id":"Group",
     "name":"Group",
     "endpoint": "/Groups",
     "description": "Group",
     "schema": "urn:ietf:params:scim:schemas:core:2.0:Group",
     "meta": {
       "location":"https://example.com/v2/ResourceTypes/Group",
       "resourceType": "ResourceType"
     }
   }]
  }

            Figure 9: Example Resource Type JSON Representation

5.  Preparation and Comparison of Internationalized Strings

   To increase the likelihood that the input and comparison of usernames
   and passwords will work in ways that make sense for typical users
   throughout the world, there are rules for preparing, enforcing, and
   comparing internationalized strings that represent usernames and
   passwords.  Before comparing or evaluating uniqueness of a "userName"

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   or "password" attribute, service providers MUST use the "PRECIS"
   profile described in Sections 4 and 5 respectively of
   [I-D.ietf-precis-saslprepbis] which is based on the "PRECIS"
   framework specification [I-D.ietf-precis-framework].

6.  Multi-Tenancy

   A single service provider may expose the SCIM protocol to multiple
   clients.  Depending on the nature of the service, the clients may
   have authority to access and alter resources initially created by
   other clients.  Alternatively, clients may expect to access disjoint
   sets of resources, and may expect that their resources are
   inaccessible by other clients.  These scenarios are called "multi-
   tenancy", where each client is understood to be or represent a
   "tenant" of the service provider.  Clients may also be multi-
   tenanted.

   The following common cases may occur:

   1.  All clients share all resources (no tenancy)

   2.  Each single client creates and accesses a private subset of
       resources (1 client:1 Tenant)

   3.  Sets of clients share sets of resources (M clients:1 Tenant)

   4.  One client to Multiple Tenants (1 client:M Tenants)

   Service providers may implement any subset of the above cases.

   Multi-Tenancy is OPTIONAL.  The SCIM protocol does not define a
   scheme for multi-tenancy.

   The SCIM protocol does not prescribe the mechanisms whereby clients
   and service providers interact for:

   o  Registering or provisioning Tenants

   o  Associating a subset of clients with a subset of the Tenants

   o  Indicating which tenant is associated with the data in a request
      or response, or indicating which Tenant is the subject of a query

6.1.  Associating Clients to Tenants

   The service provider MAY use the authentication mechanism (Section 2)
   to determine the identity of the client, and thus infer the
   associated Tenant.

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   For implementations where a client is associated with more than one
   Tenant, the service provider MAY use one of the following methods for
   explicit specification of the Tenant.

   If any of these methods of allowing the client to explicitly specify
   the Tenant are employed, the service provider should ensure that
   access controls are in place to prevent or allow cross-tenant use
   cases.

   The service provider should consider precedence in cases where a
   client may explicitly specify a Tenant while being implicitly
   associated with a different Tenant.

   In all of these methods, the {tenant_id} is a unique identifier for
   the Tenant as defined by the service provider.

   o  A URL prefix: "https://www.example.com/Tenants/{tenant_id}/v2/
      Users"

   o  A sub-domain: "https://{tenant_id}.example.com/v2/Groups"

   o  The service provider may recognize a {tenant_id} provided by the
      client in an HTTP Header as the indicator of the desired target
      Tenant.

6.2.  SCIM Identifiers with Multiple Tenants

   Considerations for a Multi-Tenant Implementation:

   The service provider may choose to implement SCIM ids which are
   unique across all resources for all Tenants, but this is not
   required.

   The externalId, defined by the client, is required to be unique ONLY
   within the resources associated with the associated Tenant.

7.  Security Considerations

7.1.  HTTP Considerations

   SCIM Protocol layers on top of Hypertext Transfer Protocol and thus
   subject to the security considerations of HTTP Section 9 [RFC7230]
   and its related specifications.

   As stated in Section 2.7.1 [RFC7230], a SCIM client MUST NOT generate
   the "userinfo" (i.e., username and password) component (and its "@"
   delimiter) when an "http" URI reference is generated with a message
   as they are now disallowed in HTTP.

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7.2.  TLS Support Considerations

   SCIM resources (e.g., Users and Groups) contain sensitive information
   including passwords.  Therefore, SCIM clients and service providers
   MUST require the use of a transport-layer security mechanism when
   communicating with SCIM service providers.  The SCIM service provider
   MUST support TLS 1.2 [RFC5246] and MAY support additional transport-
   layer mechanisms meeting its security requirements.  When using TLS,
   the client MUST perform a TLS/SSL server certificate check, per
   [RFC6125].  Implementation security considerations for TLS can be
   found in "Recommendations for Secure Use of TLS and DTLS" [RFC7525].

7.3.  Authorization Token Considerations

   When using authorization tokens such as those issued by OAuth 2.0
   [RFC6749], implementers MUST take into account threats and
   countermeasures documented in Section 8 of
   [I-D.ietf-oauth-assertions].

7.4.  Bearer and Cookie Considerations

   Since the possession of a bearer token or cookie MAY authorize the
   holder to potentially read, modify, or delete resources, tokens and
   cookies MUST contain sufficient entropy to prevent a random guessing
   attack, such as described in Section 5.2 of [RFC6750] and
   Section 5.1.4.2.2 of [RFC6819].

   As with all SCIM communications, Bearer tokens and HTTP cookies MUST
   be exchanged using TLS.

   Bearer tokens MUST have a limited lifetime that can be determined
   directly or indirectly (e.g., by checking with a validation service)
   by the service provider.  By expiring tokens, clients are forced to
   obtain a new token (which usually involves re-authentication) for
   continued authorized access.  For example, in OAuth2, a client MAY
   use OAuth token refresh to obtain a new bearer token after
   authenticating to an authorization server.  See Section 6 of
   [RFC6749].

   As with Bearer tokens, an HTTP cookie SHOULD last no longer than the
   lifetime of a browser session.  An expiry time should be set that
   limits session cookie lifetime as per Section 5.2.1 of [RFC6265].

   Implementations supporting OAuth bearer tokens need to factor in
   security considerations of this authorization method
   [I-D.ietf-oauth-assertions].  Since security is only as good as the
   weakest link, implementers also need to consider authentication
   choices coupled with OAuth bearer tokens.  The security

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   considerations of the default authentication method for OAuth bearer
   tokens, HTTP BASIC, are well documented in
   [I-D.ietf-httpauth-basicauth-update], therefore implementers are
   encouraged to prefer stronger authentication methods.  Designating
   the specific methods of authentication and authorization are out-of-
   scope for SCIM, however this information is provided as a resource to
   implementers.

7.5.  Privacy Considerations

7.5.1.  Personal Information

   The SCIM Core Schema specifications defines attributes that may
   contain personally identifying information as well as other sensitive
   personal data.  The privacy considerations in the Security
   Considerations Section of [I-D.ietf-scim-core-schema] MUST be
   considered.

7.5.2.  Disclosure of Sensitive Information in URIs

   As mentioned in Section 9.4 [RFC7231], SCIM clients requesting
   information using query filters using HTTP GET SHOULD give
   consideration to the information content of the filters and whether
   their exposure in a URI would represent a breach of security or
   confidentiality through leakage in a web browsers or server logs.
   This is particularly true for information that is legally considered
   "personally identifiable information" or is otherwise restricted by
   privacy laws.  In these situations to ensure maximum security and
   confidentiality, clients SHOULD query using HTTP POST (see
   Section 3.4.3 ).

   Servers that receive HTTP GET requests using filters that contain
   sensitive or confidential personal information SHOULD respond with
   HTTP status 403 indicating the operation is FORBIDDEN.  A "scimType"
   error of "sensitive" may be returned indicating the request must be
   submitted using POST.  A non-normative example:

  HTTP/1.1 403 FORBIDDEN

  {
    "schemas": ["urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0:Error"],
    "detail":
          "Query filter involving 'name' is restricted or confidential",
    "scimType": "sensitive",
    "status": "404"
  }

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7.6.  Anonymous Requests

   If a SCIM service provider accepts anonymous requests such as SCIM
   resource creation requests (via HTTP POST), appropriate security
   measures should be put in place to prevent or limit exposure to
   attacks.  The following counter-measures MAY be used:

   o  Try to authenticate web UI components that formulate the SCIM
      creation request.  While the end-user may be anonymous, the web
      user interface component often has its own way to authenticate to
      the SCIM service provider (e.g., has an OAuth client credential
      [RFC6749]) and the web user interface component may implement its
      own measures (e.g., such as CAPTCHA) to ensure a legitimate
      request is being made.

   o  Limit the number of requests any particular client MAY make in a
      period of time.

   o  For User resources, default newly created resource with an
      "active" setting of "false" and use a secondary confirmation
      process (e.g., email confirmation) to ensure the resource created
      is real.

7.7.  Secure Storage and Handling of Sensitive Data

   An attacker may obtain valid username/password combinations from the
   SCIM service provider's underlying database by gaining access to the
   database and/or launching injection attacks.  This could lead to
   unintended disclosure of username/password combinations.  The impact
   may extend beyond the domain of the SCIM service provider if the data
   was provisioned from other domains.

   Administrators should undertake industry best practices to protect
   the storage of credentials and in particular SHOULD follow
   recommendations outlines in Section 5.1.4.1 [RFC6819].  These
   recommendations include but are not limited to:

   o  Provide injection attack counter measures (e.g., by validating all
      inputs and parameters),

   o  No cleartext storage of credentials,

   o  Store credentials using an encrypted protection mechanism, and

   o  Avoid passwords and consider use of asymmetric cryptography based
      credentials.

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   As outlined in Section 5.1.4.2 [RFC6819], administrators SHOULD take
   counter measures to prevent online attacks on secrets such as:

   o  Utilize secure password policy in order to increase user password
      entropy to hinder online attacks and password guessing,

   o  Mitigate attacks on passwords by locking respective accounts have
      a number of failed attempts,

   o  Use "tar pit" techniques by temporarily locking a respective
      account and delaying responses for a certain duration.  The
      duration may increase with the number of failed attempts, and

   o  Use authentication system that use CAPTCHA's and other factors for
      authenticating users further reducing the possibility of automated
      attacks.

   Service providers SHOULD define an access control model that
   differentiates between individual client applications and their
   specific need to access information, and any User self-service rights
   to review and update personal profile information.  This may include
   OAuth 2.0 delegation profiles, that allow client systems to act on
   behalf of user's with their permission.

7.8.  Case Insensitive Comparison & International Languages

   When comparing unicode strings such as in query filters or testing
   for uniqueness of usernames and passwords, strings MUST be
   appropriately prepared before comparison.  See Section 5.

8.  IANA Considerations

8.1.  Media Type Registration

   To:  ietf-types@iana.org

   Subject:  Registration of media type application/scim+json

   Type name:  application

   Subtype name:  scim+json

   Required parameters:  none

   Optional parameters:  none

   Encoding considerations:  8bit

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   Security considerations:  See Section 7

   Interoperability considerations:  The "application/scim+json" media
      type is intended to identify JSON structure data that conforms to
      the SCIM protocol and schema specifications.  Older versions of
      SCIM are known to informally use "application/json".

   Published specification:  [[this document]]

   Applications that use this media type:  It is expected that
      applications that use this type may be special purpose
      applications intended for inter-domain provisioning.  Clients may
      also be applications (e.g., mobile applications) that need to use
      SCIM for self-registration of user accounts.  SCIM services may be
      offered by web applications that offer support for standards based
      provisioning or may be a dedicated SCIM service provider such as a
      "cloud directory".  Content may be treated as equivalent to
      "application/json" type for the purpose of displaying in web
      browsers.

   Additional information:

         Magic number(s):

         File extension(s): .scim .scm

         Macintosh file type code(s):

   Person & email address to contact for further information:  SCIM
      mailing list "<scim@ietf.org>"

   Intended usage:  COMMON* (see restrictions)

   Restrictions on usage:  For most client types, it is sufficient to
      recognize the content as equivalent to "application/json".
      Applications intending to use SCIM protocol SHOULD use the
      application/scim+json media type.

   Author:  Phil Hunt

   Change controller:  IETF

8.2.  SCIM Message URI Registry

   As per the IANA SCIM Schema Registry in [I-D.ietf-scim-core-schema],
   the following registers and extends the SCIM Schema Registry to
   define SCIM protocol request/response JSON schema URN identifier
   prefix of "urn:ietf:params:scim:api:messages:2.0" which is part of

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   the URN sub-Namespace for SCIM.  There is no specific associated
   resource type.

   +---------------------------------+-----------------+---------------+
   | Schema URI                      | Name            | Reference     |
   +---------------------------------+-----------------+---------------+
   | urn:ietf:params:scim:api:       | List/Query      | See Section   |
   | messages:2.0:ListResponse       | Response        | 3.4.2         |
   | urn:ietf:params:scim:api:       | POST Query      | See Section   |
   | messages:2.0:SearchRequest      | Request         | 3.4.3         |
   | urn:ietf:params:scim:api:       | Patch Operation | See Section   |
   | messages:2.0:PatchOp            |                 | 3.5.2         |
   | urn:ietf:params:scim:api:       | Bulk Operations | See Section   |
   | messages:2.0:BulkRequest        | Request         | 3.7           |
   | urn:ietf:params:scim:api:       | Bulk Operations | See Section   |
   | messages:2.0:BulkResponse       | Response        | 3.7           |
   | urn:ietf:params:scim:api:       | Error Response  | See Section   |
   | messages:2.0:Error              |                 | 3.12          |
   +---------------------------------+-----------------+---------------+

               Table 10: SCIM Schema URIs for Data Resources

9.  References

9.1.  Normative References

   [I-D.ietf-precis-saslprepbis]
              Saint-Andre, P. and A. Melnikov, "Preparation,
              Enforcement, and Comparison of Internationalized Strings
              Representing Usernames and Passwords", draft-ietf-precis-
              saslprepbis-16 (work in progress), April 2015.

   [I-D.ietf-scim-core-schema]
              Hunt, P., Grizzle, K., Wahlstroem, E., and C. Mortimore,
              "System for Cross-Domain Identity Management: Core
              Schema", draft-ietf-scim-core-schema-20 (work in
              progress), May 2015.

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [RFC3629]  Yergeau, F., "UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO
              10646", STD 63, RFC 3629, November 2003.

   [RFC3986]  Berners-Lee, T., Fielding, R., and L. Masinter, "Uniform
              Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax", STD 66, RFC
              3986, January 2005.

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   [RFC5234]  Crocker, D. and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for Syntax
              Specifications: ABNF", STD 68, RFC 5234, January 2008.

   [RFC5246]  Dierks, T. and E. Rescorla, "The Transport Layer Security
              (TLS) Protocol Version 1.2", RFC 5246, August 2008.

   [RFC5789]  Dusseault, L. and J. Snell, "PATCH Method for HTTP", RFC
              5789, March 2010.

   [RFC6125]  Saint-Andre, P. and J. Hodges, "Representation and
              Verification of Domain-Based Application Service Identity
              within Internet Public Key Infrastructure Using X.509
              (PKIX) Certificates in the Context of Transport Layer
              Security (TLS)", RFC 6125, March 2011.

   [RFC6749]  Hardt, D., "The OAuth 2.0 Authorization Framework", RFC
              6749, October 2012.

   [RFC6750]  Jones, M. and D. Hardt, "The OAuth 2.0 Authorization
              Framework: Bearer Token Usage", RFC 6750, October 2012.

   [RFC7159]  Bray, T., "The JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) Data
              Interchange Format", RFC 7159, March 2014.

   [RFC7230]  Fielding, R. and J. Reschke, "Hypertext Transfer Protocol
              (HTTP/1.1): Message Syntax and Routing", RFC 7230, June
              2014.

   [RFC7231]  Fielding, R. and J. Reschke, "Hypertext Transfer Protocol
              (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content", RFC 7231, June 2014.

   [RFC7232]  Fielding, R. and J. Reschke, "Hypertext Transfer Protocol
              (HTTP/1.1): Conditional Requests", RFC 7232, June 2014.

   [RFC7233]  Fielding, R., Lafon, Y., and J. Reschke, "Hypertext
              Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Range Requests", RFC 7233,
              June 2014.

   [RFC7235]  Fielding, R. and J. Reschke, "Hypertext Transfer Protocol
              (HTTP/1.1): Authentication", RFC 7235, June 2014.

   [RFC7538]  Reschke, J., "The Hypertext Transfer Protocol Status Code
              308 (Permanent Redirect)", RFC 7538, April 2015.

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9.2.  Informative References

   [I-D.ietf-httpauth-basicauth-update]
              Reschke, J., "The 'Basic' HTTP Authentication Scheme",
              draft-ietf-httpauth-basicauth-update-07 (work in
              progress), February 2015.

   [I-D.ietf-oauth-assertions]
              Campbell, B., Mortimore, C., Jones, M., and Y. Goland,
              "Assertion Framework for OAuth 2.0 Client Authentication
              and Authorization Grants", draft-ietf-oauth-assertions-18
              (work in progress), October 2014.

   [I-D.ietf-oauth-pop-architecture]
              Hunt, P., Richer, J., Mills, W., Mishra, P., and H.
              Tschofenig, "OAuth 2.0 Proof-of-Possession (PoP) Security
              Architecture", draft-ietf-oauth-pop-architecture-01 (work
              in progress), March 2015.

   [I-D.ietf-precis-framework]
              Saint-Andre, P. and M. Blanchet, "PRECIS Framework:
              Preparation, Enforcement, and Comparison of
              Internationalized Strings in Application Protocols",
              draft-ietf-precis-framework-23 (work in progress),
              February 2015.

   [OpenSearch]
              Clinton, D., "OpenSearch Protocol 1.1, Draft 5", Dec 2005.

   [RFC6265]  Barth, A., "HTTP State Management Mechanism", RFC 6265,
              April 2011.

   [RFC6819]  Lodderstedt, T., McGloin, M., and P. Hunt, "OAuth 2.0
              Threat Model and Security Considerations", RFC 6819,
              January 2013.

   [RFC6902]  Bryan, P. and M. Nottingham, "JavaScript Object Notation
              (JSON) Patch", RFC 6902, April 2013.

   [RFC7486]  Farrell, S., Hoffman, P., and M. Thomas, "HTTP Origin-
              Bound Authentication (HOBA)", RFC 7486, March 2015.

   [RFC7525]  Sheffer, Y., Holz, R., and P. Saint-Andre,
              "Recommendations for Secure Use of Transport Layer
              Security (TLS) and Datagram Transport Layer Security
              (DTLS)", BCP 195, RFC 7525, May 2015.

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   [XML-Schema]
              Biron, P. and A. Malhotra, "XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes
              Second Edition", October 2004.

Appendix A.  Contributors

      Samuel Erdtman (samuel@erdtman.se)

      Patrick Harding (pharding@pingidentity.com)

Appendix B.  Acknowledgments

   The editors would like to acknowledge the contribution and work of
   the past draft editors:

      Trey Drake, UnboundID

      Chuck Mortimore, Salesforce

   The editor would like to thank the participants in the the SCIM
   working group for their support of this specification.

Appendix C.  Change Log

   [[This section to be removed prior to publication as an RFC]]

   Draft 02 - KG - Addition of schema extensibility

   Draft 03 - PH - Revisions based on following tickets:

      24 - Add filter negation

      39 - Clarification on response for DELETE

      42 - Make root searches optional

      49 - Add "ew" filter

      50 - Filters for multi-valued complex attributes

      51 - Search by Schema

      53 - Standard use of term client (some was consumer)

      55 - Redirect support (3xx)

      56 - Make manager attribute consistent with other $ref attrs

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      57 - Update all "/v1" examples to '/v2"

      59 - Fix capitalization per IETF editor practices

      60 - Changed <eref> tags to normal <xref> and <reference> tags

   Draft 04 - PH - Revisions based on the following tickets:

      18 - New PATCH command based on JSON Patch (RFC6902)

      - Provided ABNF specification for filters (used in PATCH)

      - Updated references to RFC4627 to RFC7159

   Draft 05 - PH - Revisions based on the following tickets:

      03 - Support for excludedAttributes parameter

      13 - Change client use of Etags from MUST to MAY (correction)

      23 - Clarifications regarding case exact processing.

      41 - Add IANA considerations

      65 - Removed X-HTTP-Method-Override support

      69 - Added clarifications to intro to align with draft-nottingham-
      uri-get-off-my-lawn

      70 - Remove SCIM_TENANT_ID header

      72 - Added text to indicate UTF-8 is default and mandatory
      encoding format per BCP18

      74 - Added security considerations for using GET with confidential
      attribute filters

      - corrected error response in JSON PATCH operation

   Draft 06 - PH - Revisions based on the following tickets and
   editorial changes

      41 - Revised content types from application/json to application/
      scim+json, registered API schemas

      63 - Revised uri schema prefixes for API json message schemas

      66 - Updated references for RFC2616 to HTTPbis

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      75 - Added security considerations for International Strings and
      "PRECIS" support

      76 - Clarified handling of PUT (& POST) with regards to mutability
      and default values

      - Corrected version numbers in sec 3.11 API Versioning to v2 (from
      v1)

      - Clarified that no filter matches should return success
      totalResults=0

   Draft 07 - PH - Revisions regarding support of detailed errors
   (Tickets 37, 46, 67)

   Draft 08 - PH - Revisions as follows

      - Added clarification on schemas handling during PATCH operation

      - Revised example URN in Attribute Notation section to comply with
      IANA namespace rules

      - Fixed typo in ABNF, attrExpr should be attrExp

      - Added more security considerations for HTTP and sensitive data

      - Revised authentication and authorization sections for greater
      clarity.

      - Replaced the word "search" with "query" for consistency

      - Clarified sucessful resource creation response

      - Added clarification on primary value handling in PATCH
      (consistent with draft 03)

      - Revised SCIM Bullk error handling to conform with draft 07 error
      handling

   Draft 09 - PH - Revisions as follows

      - Aligned API with new URN namespace per RFC3553 and IETF90
      meeting

      - Clarified URN usage within patch (what schema urn applies)

      - Made 'path' optional in PATCH for Add and Replace

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   Draft 10 - PH - Revisions as follows

      Restructuring of Bulk into sub-sections

      General clarifications

      Improved Base URI section

      Authorization section clarifications

   Draft 11 - PH - Revisions as follows

      Made mutability processing rules for CREATE more editorially
      obvious

      Added clarfications and security considerations for Anonymous
      operations

      Added clarifications to "/Me" for POST requests

      Clarified use of bulkids with multiple requests

      Corrected JSON parsing issue by adding "Operations" attribute to
      PATCH operation

   Draft 12 - PH - Editorial NITs

      Fix line lengths in artwork to be 72 chars or less

      Remove unused references

      Fix normative terms per RFC2119

      Updated reference to draft-reschke-http-status-308 to RFC7238

   Draft 13 - PH - Added clarification to error response for improperly
   formated email/phonenumbers

   Draft 14 - PH - Nits and clarifications

      Added new Service Provider Discovery section that clarifies use of
      ResourceTypes, Schemas, and ServiceProviderConfigs

      As Complex attributes cannot support sub-attributes that are
      complex, the filter ABNF was corrected to prevent nested
      valueFilters (which presumes support for nested Complex
      Attributes)

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      Corrections to ABNF: Added missing space (SP) values to logicExp
      ABNF rule.  Corrected "not(" to make "not" optional.

      Added additional filter example showing full path with schema URI
      (to disambiguate duplicate names between schemas)

      Missing POST verb added to HTTP errors (table 7) since a POST
      endpoint might be undefined or NOT FOUND.

      Corrected JSON example in sec 3.3.2.1 (removed extraneous " )

      Corrected filter in Figure 3 so that multiple resoruce types can
      be returned per the response example in figure 4.

      Clarifications and improvements to examples in PATCH replace
      operations

      Updated references to saslprep and precis frameworks

   Draft 15 - PH - Clarifications on returning "path" handling during
   PATCH "replace" operations.  Updated references.

   Draft 16 - PH - Clarification of SCIM protocol definitions of
   resources vs messages and general process rules regarding schema
   including validation.

   Draft 17 - PH - Edits based on Gen-ART review

   Draft 18 - PH - Edits based on IESG feedback

      Clarified use of authentication schemes

      Nits and wording clarifications

      Corrected definitions of HTTP Status 401/403

      Manager corrected in PATCH example operation (consistent with
      schema and examples)

      Removed editor's note regarding Service Provider unique error
      codes

      Updated references to SCIM Core Schema and other documents.

      Made capitalization of 'client' and 'service provider' terms
      consistent (lower case)

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      Add references to draft-ietf-oauth-assertions-18 and draft-ietf-
      httpauth-basicauth-update-07

   Draft 19 - PH - IESG review

      Corrections as per IESG review comments from Ben Campbell

      Corrections as per IESG review comments from Stephen Farrell

      Clarified that other media types may be supported

      Corrected non-normative (statements of fact) use of 'MAY' to
      'may'.

      Changed use of SHOULD use security considerations to MUST

      Servers that do not support /Me corrected to return 501 instead of
      403

      Removed reference to wikipedia and order of operations

      General edits to clarify awkward text and typos

Authors' Addresses

   Phil Hunt (editor)
   Oracle Corporation

   Email: phil.hunt@yahoo.com

   Kelly Grizzle
   SailPoint

   Email: kelly.grizzle@sailpoint.com

   Morteza Ansari
   Cisco

   Email: morteza.ansari@cisco.com

   Erik Wahlstroem

   Email: erik.wahlstrom@nexusgroup.com

Hunt, et al.            Expires November 16, 2015              [Page 88]
Internet-Draft             draft-ietf-scim-api                  May 2015

   Chuck Mortimore
   Salesforce.com

   Email: cmortimore@salesforce.com

Hunt, et al.            Expires November 16, 2015              [Page 89]