A Profile for Route Origin Authorizations (ROAs)
draft-ietf-sidrops-rfc6482bis-01
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| Last updated | 2022-11-07 | ||
| Replaces | draft-spaghetti-sidrops-rfc6482bis | ||
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draft-ietf-sidrops-rfc6482bis-01
Network Working Group J. Snijders
Internet-Draft Fastly
Obsoletes: 6482 (if approved) M. Lepinski
Intended status: Standards Track New College Florida
Expires: 11 May 2023 D. Kong
Raytheon
S. Kent
Independent
7 November 2022
A Profile for Route Origin Authorizations (ROAs)
draft-ietf-sidrops-rfc6482bis-01
Abstract
This document defines a standard profile for Route Origin
Authorizations (ROAs). A ROA is a digitally signed object that
provides a means of verifying that an IP address block holder has
authorized an Autonomous System (AS) to originate routes to one or
more prefixes within the address block. This document obsoletes RFC
6482.
Requirements Language
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
"OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP
14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
capitals, as shown here.
Status of This Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute
working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-
Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.
Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
This Internet-Draft will expire on 11 May 2023.
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Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2022 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/
license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document.
Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights
and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components
extracted from this document must include Revised BSD License text as
described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are
provided without warranty as described in the Revised BSD License.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.1. Changes from RFC6482 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Related Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3. The ROA ContentType . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
4. The ROA eContent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
4.1. version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.2. asID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.3. ipAddrBlocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
5. ROA Validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
6. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
7. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
7.1. SMI Security for S/MIME CMS Content Type
(1.2.840.113549.1.9.16.1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
7.2. RPKI Signed Objects sub-registry . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
7.3. File Extension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
7.4. SMI Security for S/MIME Module Identifier
(1.2.840.113549.1.9.16.0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
7.5. Media Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
8. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
8.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
8.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Appendix A. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Appendix B. Example ROA eContent Payload . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
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1. Introduction
The primary purpose of the Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI)
is to improve routing security. (See [RFC6480] for more
information.) As part of this system, a mechanism is needed to allow
entities to verify that an AS has been given permission by an IP
address block holder to advertise routes to one or more prefixes
within that block. A ROA provides this function.
The ROA makes use of the template for RPKI digitally signed objects
[RFC6488], which defines a Crytopgraphic Message Syntax (CMS)
[RFC5652] wrapper for the ROA content as well as a generic validation
procedure for RPKI signed objects. Therefore, to complete the
specification of the ROA (see Section 4 of [RFC6488]), this document
defines:
* The OID that identifies the signed object as being a ROA. (This
OID appears within the eContentType in the encapContentInfo object
as well as the content-type signed attribute in the signerInfo
object).
* The ASN.1 syntax for the ROA eContent. (This is the payload that
specifies the AS being authorized to originate routes as well as
the prefixes to which the AS may originate routes.) The ROA
eContent is ASN.1 encoded using the Distinguished Encoding Rules
(DER) [X.690].
* Additional steps required to validate ROAs (in addition to the
validation steps specified in [RFC6488]).
1.1. Changes from RFC6482
This section summarizes the significant changes between [RFC6482] and
the profile described in this document.
* Clarifications on the requirements for IP Addresses and AS
Identifiers X.509 certificate extension.
* Strengthening of ASN.1 formal notation.
* Incorporate errata.
* Add an example ROA payload and ROA as appendix.
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2. Related Work
It is assumed that the reader is familiar with the terms and concepts
described in "Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Certificate
and Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Profile" [RFC5280] and "X.509
Extensions for IP Addresses and AS Identifiers" [RFC3779].
Additionally, this document makes use of the RPKI signed object
profile [RFC6488]; thus, familiarity with that document is assumed.
Note that the RPKI signed object profile makes use of certificates
adhering to the RPKI Resource Certificate Profile [RFC6487]; thus,
familiarly with that profile is also assumed.
3. The ROA ContentType
The content-type for a ROA is defined as routeOriginAuthz and has the
numerical value of 1.2.840.113549.1.9.16.1.24.
This OID MUST appear both within the eContentType in the
encapContentInfo object as well as the ContentType signed attribute
in the signerInfo object (see [RFC6488]).
4. The ROA eContent
The content of a ROA identifies a single AS that has been authorized
by the address space holder to originate routes and a list of one or
more IP address prefixes that will be advertised. If the address
space holder needs to authorize multiple ASes to advertise the same
set of address prefixes, the holder issues multiple ROAs, one per AS
number. A ROA is formally defined as:
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RPKI-ROA-2022 { iso(1) member-body(2) us(840) rsadsi(113549)
pkcs(1) pkcs9(9) smime(16) mod(0) id-mod-rpkiROA-2022(TBD) }
DEFINITIONS EXPLICIT TAGS ::=
BEGIN
IMPORTS
CONTENT-TYPE
FROM CryptographicMessageSyntax-2010 -- in [RFC6268]
{ iso(1) member-body(2) us(840) rsadsi(113549) pkcs(1)
pkcs-9(9) smime(16) modules(0) id-mod-cms-2009(58) } ;
ct-routeOriginAttestation CONTENT-TYPE ::=
{ TYPE RouteOriginAttestation
IDENTIFIED BY id-ct-routeOriginAuthz }
id-ct-routeOriginAuthz OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::=
{ iso(1) member-body(2) us(840) rsadsi(113549) pkcs(1)
pkcs-9(9) id-smime(16) id-ct(1) routeOriginAuthz(24) }
RouteOriginAttestation ::= SEQUENCE {
version [0] INTEGER DEFAULT 0,
asID ASID,
ipAddrBlocks SEQUENCE (SIZE(1..2)) OF ROAIPAddressFamily }
ASID ::= INTEGER (0..4294967295)
ROAIPAddressFamily ::= SEQUENCE {
-- Note: addressFamily can only be '0001'H (IPv4) or '0002'H (IPv6) --
addressFamily OCTET STRING (SIZE(2)),
addresses SEQUENCE (SIZE(1..MAX)) OF ROAIPAddress
}
ROAIPAddress ::= SEQUENCE {
address IPAddress,
-- Note: maxLength must be equal or larger than size of IPAddress, --
-- and equal or smaller to what the AFI context permits --
maxLength INTEGER (0..128) OPTIONAL
}
-- Note: if the ROAIPAddressFamily's addressFamily is IPv4, the --
-- IPAddress' size cannot exceed 32; conversely if addressFamily --
-- is IPv6, size can't exceed 128. --
IPAddress ::= BIT STRING (SIZE(0..128))
END
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4.1. version
The version number of the RouteOriginAttestation MUST be 0.
4.2. asID
The asID field contains the AS number that is authorized to originate
routes to the given IP address prefixes.
4.3. ipAddrBlocks
The ipAddrBlocks field encodes the set of IP address prefixes to
which the AS is authorized to originate routes. Note that the syntax
here is more restrictive than that used in the IP Address Delegation
extension defined in RFC 3779. That extension can represent
arbitrary address ranges, whereas ROAs need to represent only
prefixes.
Within the ROAIPAddressFamily structure, addressFamily contains the
Address Family Identifier (AFI) of an IP address family. This
specification only supports IPv4 and IPv6. Therefore, addressFamily
MUST be either 0001 or 0002. There MUST be only one instance of
ROAIPAddressFamily per unique AFI. The ROAIPAddressFamily structure
MUST NOT appear more than twice.
Within a ROAIPAddress structure, the addresses field represents
prefixes as a sequence of type IPAddress. (See [RFC3779] for more
details). If present, the maxLength MUST be an integer greater than
or equal to the length of the accompanying prefix, and less than or
equal to the length (in bits) of an IP address in the address family
(32 for IPv4 and 128 for IPv6). When present, the maxLength
specifies the maximum length of the IP address prefix that the AS is
authorized to advertise. (For example, if the IP address prefix is
203.0.113/24 and the maxLength is 26, the AS is authorized to
advertise any more specific prefix with a maximum length of 26. In
this example, the AS would be authorized to advertise 203.0.113/24,
203.0.113.128/25, or 203.0.113.0/25, but not 203.0.113.0/27.) When
the maxLength is not present, the AS is only authorized to advertise
the exact prefix specified in the ROA.
Note that a valid ROA may contain an IP address prefix (within a
ROAIPAddress element) that is encompassed by another IP address
prefix (within a separate ROAIPAddress element). For example, a ROA
may contain the prefix 203.0.113/24 with maxLength 26, as well as the
prefix 203.0.113.0/28 with maxLength 28. (Such a ROA would authorize
the indicated AS to advertise any prefix beginning with 203.0.113
with a minimum length of 24 and a maximum length of 26, as well as
the specific prefix 203.0.113.0/28.) Additionally, a ROA MAY contain
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two ROAIPAddress elements, where the IP address prefix is identical
in both cases. However, this is NOT RECOMMENDED as, in such a case,
the ROAIPAddress with the shorter maxLength grants no additional
privileges to the indicated AS and thus can be omitted without
changing the meaning of the ROA.
5. ROA Validation
Before a relying party can use a ROA to validate a routing
announcement, the relying party MUST first validate the ROA. To
validate a ROA, the relying party MUST perform all the validation
checks specified in [RFC6488] as well as the following additional
ROA-specific validation steps.
* The IP Address Delegation extension [RFC3779] is present in the
end-entity (EE) certificate (contained within the ROA), and every
IP address prefix(es) in the ROA payload is contained within the
set of IP addresses specified by the EE certificate's IP Address
Delegation extension.
* The EE certificate MUST NOT use "inherit" elements as described in
[RFC3779].
* The Autonomous System Identifier Delegation Extension described in
[RFC3779] is not used in Route Origin Authorizations and MUST NOT
be present.
6. Security Considerations
There is no assumption of confidentiality for the data in a ROA; it
is anticipated that ROAs will be stored in repositories that are
accessible to all ISPs, and perhaps to all Internet users. There is
no explicit authentication associated with a ROA, since the PKI used
for ROA validation provides authorization but not authentication.
Although the ROA is a signed, application-layer object, there is no
intent to convey non-repudiation via a ROA.
The purpose of a ROA is to convey authorization for an AS to
originate a route to the prefix(es) in the ROA. Thus, the integrity
of a ROA MUST be established. The ROA specification makes use of the
RPKI signed object format; thus, all security considerations in
[RFC6488] also apply to ROAs. Additionally, the signed object
profile uses the CMS signed message format for integrity; thus, ROAs
inherit all security considerations associated with that data
structure.
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The right of the ROA signer to authorize the target AS to originate
routes to the prefix(es) is established through use of the address
space and AS number PKI described in [RFC6480]. Specifically, one
MUST verify the signature on the ROA using an X.509 certificate
issued under this PKI, and check that the prefix(es) in the ROA are
contained within those in the certificate's IP Address Delegation
Extension.
7. IANA Considerations
7.1. SMI Security for S/MIME CMS Content Type (1.2.840.113549.1.9.16.1)
The IANA has allocated for this document in the "SMI Security for S/
MIME CMS Content Type (1.2.840.113549.1.9.16.1)" registry:
Decimal Description References
---------------------------------------------------------------
24 id-ct-routeOriginAuthz [RFC6482][RFC-to-be]
Upon publication of this document, IANA is requested to reference the
RFC publication instead of this draft.
7.2. RPKI Signed Objects sub-registry
The IANA has registered the OID for the RPKI Signed Checklist in the
"RPKI Signed Objects" registry created by [RFC6488] as follows:
Name OID Specification
-------------------------------------------------------------
ROA 1.2.840.113549.1.9.16.1.24 [RFC6482][RFC-TBD]
7.3. File Extension
The IANA has added an item for the ROA file extension to the "RPKI
Repository Name Schemes" registry created by [RFC6481] as follows:
Filename Extension RPKI Object Reference
------------------------------------------------------------------------
.roa Route Origination Authorization [RFC6481][RFC-to-be]
Upon publication of this document, IANA is requested to make this
addition permanent and to reference the RFC publication instead of
this draft.
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7.4. SMI Security for S/MIME Module Identifier
(1.2.840.113549.1.9.16.0)
The IANA is requested to allocate for this document in the "SMI
Security for S/MIME Module Identifier (1.2.840.113549.1.9.16.0)"
registry:
Decimal Description References
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
TBD id-mod-rpkiROA-2022 [RFC-to-be]
7.5. Media Type
The IANA is requested to update the media type application/rpki-roa
in the "Media Type" registry as follows:
Type name: application
Subtype name: rpki-roa
Required parameters: N/A
Optional parameters: N/A
Encoding considerations: binary
Security considerations: Carries an RPKI ROA [RFC-to-be].
This media type contains no active content. See
Section 6 of [RFC-to-be] for further information.
Interoperability considerations: None
Published specification: [RFC-to-be]
Applications that use this media type: RPKI operators
Additional information:
Content: This media type is a signed object, as defined
in [RFC6488], which contains a payload of a list of
prefixes and an AS identifer as defined in [RFC-to-be].
Magic number(s): None
File extension(s): .roa
Macintosh file type code(s):
Person & email address to contact for further information:
Job Snijders <job@fastly.com>
Intended usage: COMMON
Restrictions on usage: None
Change controller: IETF
8. References
8.1. Normative References
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[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.
[RFC3779] Lynn, C., Kent, S., and K. Seo, "X.509 Extensions for IP
Addresses and AS Identifiers", RFC 3779,
DOI 10.17487/RFC3779, June 2004,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3779>.
[RFC5652] Housley, R., "Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS)", STD 70,
RFC 5652, DOI 10.17487/RFC5652, September 2009,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5652>.
[RFC6481] Huston, G., Loomans, R., and G. Michaelson, "A Profile for
Resource Certificate Repository Structure", RFC 6481,
DOI 10.17487/RFC6481, February 2012,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6481>.
[RFC6482] Lepinski, M., Kent, S., and D. Kong, "A Profile for Route
Origin Authorizations (ROAs)", RFC 6482,
DOI 10.17487/RFC6482, February 2012,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6482>.
[RFC6487] Huston, G., Michaelson, G., and R. Loomans, "A Profile for
X.509 PKIX Resource Certificates", RFC 6487,
DOI 10.17487/RFC6487, February 2012,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6487>.
[RFC6488] Lepinski, M., Chi, A., and S. Kent, "Signed Object
Template for the Resource Public Key Infrastructure
(RPKI)", RFC 6488, DOI 10.17487/RFC6488, February 2012,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6488>.
[RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.
[X.690] ITU-T, "Information Technology -- ASN.1 encoding rules:
Specification of Basic Encoding Rules (BER), Canonical
Encoding Rules (CER) and Distinguished Encoding Rules
(DER)", ITU-T Recommendation X.690, 2015.
8.2. Informative References
[RFC4648] Josefsson, S., "The Base16, Base32, and Base64 Data
Encodings", RFC 4648, DOI 10.17487/RFC4648, October 2006,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4648>.
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[RFC5280] Cooper, D., Santesson, S., Farrell, S., Boeyen, S.,
Housley, R., and W. Polk, "Internet X.509 Public Key
Infrastructure Certificate and Certificate Revocation List
(CRL) Profile", RFC 5280, DOI 10.17487/RFC5280, May 2008,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5280>.
[RFC6480] Lepinski, M. and S. Kent, "An Infrastructure to Support
Secure Internet Routing", RFC 6480, DOI 10.17487/RFC6480,
February 2012, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6480>.
Appendix A. Acknowledgements
The authors wish to thank Charles Gardiner and Russ Housley for their
help and contributions. Additionally, the authors thank Rob Austein,
Roque Gagliano, Danny McPherson, and Sam Weiler for their careful
reviews and helpful comments.
Appendix B. Example ROA eContent Payload
Below an example of a DER encoded ROA eContent is provided with
annotation following the '#' character.
$ echo 302402023CCA301E301C04020002301630090307002001067C208C30090307002A0EB2400000 \
| xxd -r -ps \
| openssl asn1parse -i -dump -inform DER
0:d=0 hl=2 l= 36 cons: SEQUENCE # RouteOriginAttestation
2:d=1 hl=2 l= 2 prim: INTEGER :3CCA # asID 15562
6:d=1 hl=2 l= 30 cons: SEQUENCE # ipAddrBlocks
8:d=2 hl=2 l= 28 cons: SEQUENCE # ROAIPAddressFamily
10:d=3 hl=2 l= 2 prim: OCTET STRING # addressFamily
0000 - 00 02 .. # IPv6
14:d=3 hl=2 l= 22 cons: SEQUENCE # addresses
16:d=4 hl=2 l= 9 cons: SEQUENCE # ROAIPAddress
18:d=5 hl=2 l= 7 prim: BIT STRING # address
0000 - 00 20 01 06 7c 20 8c . ..| . # 2001:67c:208c::/48
27:d=4 hl=2 l= 9 cons: SEQUENCE # ROAIPAddress
29:d=5 hl=2 l= 7 prim: BIT STRING # address
0000 - 00 2a 0e b2 40 .*..@ # 2a0e:b240::/48
0007 - <SPACES/NULS>
Below is a complete Base64 [RFC4648] encoded RPKI ROA Signed Object.
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MIIHCwYJKoZIhvcNAQcCoIIG/DCCBvgCAQMxDTALBglghkgBZQMEAgEwNwYLKoZIhvcNAQkQ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Authors' Addresses
Job Snijders
Fastly
Amsterdam
Netherlands
Email: job@fastly.com
Matthew Lepinski
New College Florida
Email: mlepinski@ncf.edu
Snijders, et al. Expires 11 May 2023 [Page 12]
Internet-Draft A Profile for Route Origin Authorization November 2022
Derrick Kong
Raytheon
Email: derrick.kong@raytheon.com
Stephen Kent
Independent
Email: kent@alum.mit.edu
Snijders, et al. Expires 11 May 2023 [Page 13]