TRILL: Campus VLAN and Priority Regions
draft-ietf-trill-rbridge-vlan-mapping-08
The information below is for an old version of the document.
| Document | Type | Active Internet-Draft (trill WG) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Authors | Radia Perlman , Anil Rijhsinghani , Donald E. Eastlake 3rd , Ayan Banerjee , Dinesh Dutt | ||
| Last updated | 2013-01-01 | ||
| Replaces | draft-perlman-trill-rbridge-vlan-mapping | ||
| Stream | Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) | ||
| Formats | plain text htmlized pdfized bibtex | ||
| Stream | WG state | WG Document | |
| Document shepherd | (None) | ||
| IESG | IESG state | I-D Exists | |
| Consensus boilerplate | Unknown | ||
| Telechat date | (None) | ||
| Responsible AD | (None) | ||
| Send notices to | (None) |
draft-ietf-trill-rbridge-vlan-mapping-08
TRILL Working Group Radia Perlman
INTERNET-DRAFT Intel Labs
Intended status: Proposed Standard Anil Rijhsinghani
HP Networking
Donald Eastlake
Huawei
Ayan Banerjee
Dinesh Dutt
Cumulus Networks
Expires June 30, 2013 January 1, 2013
TRILL: Campus VLAN and Priority Regions
<draft-ietf-trill-rbridge-vlan-mapping-08.txt>
Abstract
Within a TRILL campus, the VLAN and priority of TRILL encapsulated
frames is preserved. However, in some cases it may be desired that
data VLAN and/or priority be mapped at the boundary between regions
of such a campus. This document describes an optional RBridge feature
to provide this function.
Status of This Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted to IETF in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Distribution of this document is unlimited. Comments should be sent
to the TRILL working group mailing list.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that
other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-
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Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
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material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at
http://www.ietf.org/1id-abstracts.html. The list of Internet-Draft
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction............................................3
1.1 TRILL Campus Regions...................................4
1.2 Terminology............................................5
2. Internal and Cut Set Configuration and Mappings.........6
2.1 Multiple Crossings.....................................7
2.2 Native Frame Considerations............................8
2.3 More than Two Regions..................................8
2.4 Mapping Implementation.................................9
3. End Node Address Learning Between Regions..............11
4. Cut Set Attraction of VLANs and Multicast..............12
5. Advertisement of VLAN and Priority Mappings............13
6. IANA Considerations....................................13
7. Security Considerations................................13
8. Normative References...................................14
9. Informative References.................................14
Appendix Z: Change Summary................................15
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1. Introduction
The IETF TRILL protocol provides transparent forwarding, with a
number of additional features, by use of link state routing and
encapsulation with a hop count as specified in [RFC6325].
Devices implementing the TRILL protocol are called TRILL switches or
RBridges (Routing Bridges). A TRILL campus is an area of TRILL
switches and possibly bridges bounded by and interconnecting end
stations and Layer 3 routers, analogous to a customer bridge LAN
(which is an area of bridges interconnecting end stations, routers,
and TRILL switches). In a TRILL campus, native frames (as defined in
[RFC6325]), when they arrive at their first or ingress RBridge, are
encapsulated, routed in encapsulated form via zero or more transit
RBridges, and finally decapsulated and delivered by their egress
RBridge or RBridges.
TRILL switch ports have some features specified in IEEE 802.1Q as
described in [RFC6325], with TRILL being implemented above those
ports. Such ports provide for the association of incoming frames with
a particular frame priority and customer VLAN. (See Appendix D of
[RFC6325].)
Bridge ports can map frame priorities, a process called "priority
regeneration" in IEEE 802.1. In addition, some bridge products
provide a feature to map the customer VLAN of incoming VLAN tagged
frames, a process of the type called "VLAN ID translation" in IEEE
802.1.
Using such port features, it is possible to configure RBridge ports
to map the priority and/or VLAN of native frames being received for
ingress or to map the priority and/or VLAN of the frame inside a
TRILL data frame (as defined in [RFC6325]) after it has been
decapsulated for egress through an output port. But priority and/or
VLAN mapping of the outer priority and VLAN (Outer.VLAN) of a TRILL
encapsulated data frame has no effect on the Inner.VLAN tag in the
encapsulated frame. In TRILL, the Inner.VLAN tag gives the real VLAN
and priority of the data and these are unaffected by any port
features that change only the Outer.VLAN priority or VLAN.
(Note: VLAN mapping is also referred to in [RFC6325]. However, that
reference concerns Outer VLAN mapping within a link between neighbor
RBridges, a condition that may require the RBridges connected to such
a link to take precautions as described in Section 4.4.5 of
[RFC6325].)
The default for TRILL is to provide connectivity between all end
station and router ports in the same VLAN. However, there are cases
where it may be desirable to have the same VLAN in different regions
of a TRILL campus mean different things. In that case, it would be
R. Perlman, et al. [Page 3]
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necessary for end stations or Layer 3 routers in that VLAN not to be
connected if they are in different regions. It might also be
desirable to have connectivity between end stations in different
regions that are in different VLANs if those different VLANs in their
different regions actually indicate membership in the same Layer 2
community. Similar circumstances can arise for priority. This
document describes how to achieve this though an optional TRILL
feature.
An example of where this feature might be useful would be the merger
of two organizations which previously had separate networks. They
might desire to combine these networks into a new unified network
under unified control; however, for some period of time, there might
be disagreements between the previously separate networks as to VLAN
and/or priority assignments requiring mapping at any points of
interconnection. If these were Layer 2 networks, and particularly if
they were TRILL campuses, combination into a single unified TRILL
campus would be natural; but, this would probably require mapping
facilities, such as those specified herein, between the regions of
the new unified campus that had previously been separate networks.
Considerations related to service or S-VLANs are beyond the scope of
this document.
1.1 TRILL Campus Regions
The set of RBridges interconnecting different regions of an TRILL
campus are known as the "cut set", meaning that if that set of
RBridges is removed, the regions are disconnected from each other.
RBridges in the cut set can be configured to translate some set of
VLAN IDs in one region to different VLAN IDs when forwarding from
that region to another region and/or to block encapsulated frames
with certain VLAN IDs. They can be similarly configured for priority.
This feature is accomplished solely by configuring RBridges in the
cut set. No other RBridges need even be aware that the feature is in
use. In particular, use of this feature has no effect on the path
(sequence of RBridges) followed by TRILL Data frames (except that for
multi-destination frames, tree pruning may be affected). The TRILL
features of optimum routing and of optional multi-pathing of both
unicast and multi-destination frames are unaffected.
This document explains how to implement this feature in RBridges. In
this document we will usually assume there are two regions, "East"
and "West", and RBridges RB1, RB2, and RB3 that interconnect the two
regions and constitute the cut set as shown in Figure 1. Extension to
more than two regions is straightforward and will also be briefly
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described.
. . . +-----+ . . .
. . . + - - - - + RB1 + - - - - + . . .
. W . +-----+ . . E .
. e . . . a .
. s . +-----+ . s . .
. t . .+ - - - - -+ RB2 + - - - - - - +. t .
. . . -+-+---+ . . .
. R . . / | _ _ _ _ _ _+. R . .
e . + - - - | / . e . .
. g . . +-+---+ . g . .
. i . .+ - - - -+ RB3 + - - - - - - - +. i . .
. o . . +-----+ o . .
. n . . . n . .
Figure 1.
General familiarity with the TRILL base protocol standard [RFC6325]
is assumed in this document.
1.2 Terminology
The same terminology and acronyms are used in this document as in
[RFC6325]. "Cut set" is defined above. We will refer to RBridges
other than the cut set of RBridges as "internal RBridges".
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].
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2. Internal and Cut Set Configuration and Mappings
Internal RBridges will not be aware that VLAN and priority mapping is
going on and require no configuration. They will behave exactly as
they would without mapping. The only evidence they might have of
VLAN or priority mapping is the existence of an optional
informational sub-TLV that a cut set RBridge, RB1, MAY include in its
LSP, listing the mappings that RB1 is configured to be performing.
Internal RBridges will ignore this information field. It is there for
detection of misconfiguration.
Cut set RBridges are configured as follows:
If VLAN A in region "East" is to be translated into VLAN B in region
"West", each cut set RBridge MUST be configured, for every port, as
to whether that port is in East or West, and configured with VLAN
mappings, such as:
"East/VLAN A -----> West/VLAN B"
That mapping means that a TRILL Data frame with an Inner.VLAN of A
received by RB1 on a port configured to be in East and forwarded to a
port configured to be in West is forwarded with the Inner.VLAN
changed to B. It is possible to configure asymmetric mappings;
however, such asymmetric have negative consequences as described
below. For the above mapping to be symmetrically configured, it would
be necessary to also configure the cut set RBridge in question so
that frames arriving from West in VLAN B would also be mapped to VLAN
A if they are destined for East, that is
"West/VLAN B <-----> East/VLAN A"
Figure 2.
Mappings of the priority of encapsulated frames are configured in the
same way.
The requirement that every port of a cut set RBridge MUST be
configured as to which region it is in applies even to ports for a
link between cut set RBridges such as the link between RB2 and RB3 in
Figure 1. The TRILL encapsulated data frames on that link have a
normal Inner.VLAN with a VLAN ID and priority. In a campus with
multiple regions, a VLAN ID or priority is, in general, meaningless
unless you know the region in which it occurs. So some specific
region must be chosen for such a link.
All cut set RBridges between a pair of regions SHOULD be configured
similarly if, as is normally the case, it is desired that the mapping
of a TRILL Data frame going between those regions will be independent
of which cut set RBridge the frame traverses.
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The default VLAN and priority mapping is the mapping that leaves VLAN
IDs and priorities unchanged. If a mapping has been specified for
both the VLAN and priority of a frame, both mappings are applied.
2.1 Multiple Crossings
Under some circumstances, a frame could pass through cut set RBridges
between a pair of regions more than once and thus have its VLAN and
priority mapped more than one. This is true of both known unicast and
multi-destination frames. For example, in Figure 3, if the link
between RBwest1 and RBwest2 fails, then the shortest path from
RBwest1 to RBwest2 may be through RBcut1, RBeast1, and RBcut2. In
addition, multi-destination frames are sent via a distribution tree
which might constrain such frames going between RBwest1 and RBwest2
to be routed through RBeast1.
---+
| |
+--+------+ +--------+ |
---+ RBwest1 +------+ RBcut1 +-------+ | +---
+-+---+---+ +--------+ | | |
| | +-+--+--+-+
---+ | | RBeast1 +---
| +-+--+--+-+
+-----+---+ +--------+ | | |
---+ RBwest2 +------+ RBcut2 +-------+ | +---
+--+------+ +--------+ |
| |
---+
Figure 3.
If all of the mappings at RBcut1 and RBcut2 are symmetric then the
VLAN and/or priority of such frames going from west to west via east
might get mapped twice but the second mapping would restore them to
their original value. Symmetric means, for example, that if RB1 is
translating from "VLAN A" to "VLAN B" when forwarding from East to
West, it will translate tag "VLAN B" to tag "VLAN A" when forwarding
from West to East (see Figure 2).
However, assume that RBcut1 and RBcut2 are configured with asymmetric
mappings. Then multiple cut set transit may cause problems. For
example, if VLAN A in west is mapped to VLAN B in east and VLAN B in
east is mapped to VLAN C in west, then the above scenario could lead
to frames in VLAN A from west to west being unexpectedly mapped to
VLAN C causing connectivity between VLANs A and C in west and failure
to deliver the frame as intended. Similar considerations apply to
priority mappings. The probability of such situations can be
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minimized by providing rich interconnectivity within each region and
increasing the cost of links to cut set RBridges, so that frames
internal to a regions will be routed internally to that region except
in cases of low probability multiple failures. It is generally safest
to configure symmetric mappings.
2.2 Native Frame Considerations
If the processing model described in [RFC6325] is followed, then no
special handling is necessary for the case where a cut set RBridge
receives or transmits a native data frame, that is, where the cut set
RBridge is also an ingress or egress RBridge. In particular, the
processing model used in [RFC6325] provides that an ingressed native
frame is always encapsulated, even if it is to be immediately
decapsulated and delivered out a different port of the same RBridge
in native form. (Of course, implementers are free to handle this in
other ways provided the external behavior is the same.) Thus,
following this processing model, no changes are needed in an
implementation model of VLAN and priority mapping described entirely
in terms of the manipulation of the Inner.VLAN tag of TRILL
encapsulated frames.
On the other hand, if there are no RBridges in a region, say region
West in Figure 1, then all frames will arrive from that region at the
cut set RBridges as unencapsulated native frames and all native
frames sent into that region will be unencapsulated. Under these
limited circumstances, traditional bridge port VLAN and priority
mapping could work to assist in performing the inter-regional
mappings described in this document.
2.3 More than Two Regions
A TRILL campus may have more than two regions. An RBridge is in the
cut set between any pair of such regions if and only if it has at
least one port in each of the regions. There may be pairs of regions
that, because of intervening regions, have no cut set RBridges
connected to them both.
Every RBridge that is in any cut set MUST have every port configured
as to which region that port is in. Every RBridge port on a link
between two or more cut set RBridges, such as that shown between RB2
and RB3 in Figure 1, SHOULD be configured to be in the same region.
The mappings performed on TRILL data frames transiting a cut set
RBridge that has ports in three or more regions depend only on the
region of that frame's input and output ports and are unaffected by
what region any other ports of that RBridge might be connected to.
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It is RECOMMENDED that not only should any mappings be symmetric at
every cut set RBridge in a campus that implements the VLAN and
priority mapping feature but that all cut set RBridges in the campus
should be configured so as to be transitively symmetric and similar.
That is, the mapping of the VLAN and priority in a frame going from
region A to region Z should be independent of the path that frame
follows in the campus and symmetric with the mapping to which any
frame going from region Z to region A would be subjected.
2.4 Mapping Implementation
If RB1 is configured to believe port X is in "East" and port Y is in
"West", and RB1 is configured such that "East/VLAN A ----> West/VLAN
B", then when RB1 forwards data frames from port X to port Y, if the
received frame from port X has Inner.VLAN tag VLAN ID equal to VLAN
A, then RB1 changes that VLAN ID from VLAN A to VLAN B before it
forwards out port Y. Similarly, if priority mapping has been
configured, the Inner.VLAN priority field is mapped.
This mapping is performed whether RB1 is the appointed forwarder on
port X for VLAN A and the frame arrives unencapsulated, or whether
the frame has arrived already encapsulated as a TRILL Data frame.
Likewise, RB1 performs the same VLAN and priority mapping, depending
on input and output port, whether the frame is to a known unicast
address or is multi-destination.
RBridges may implement campus region VLAN and priority mapping in any
way desired so long as the externally visible behavior matches this
specification. Two example models of internal processing are
described below.
In the forwarding-oriented model, VLAN and priority mappings occur
once as part of the inter-port forwarding process and depend on
the ordered pair on input-port-region and output-port-region.
If the port-oriented model, VLAN and priority mappings occur once
or twice associated with input and/or output ports. For example,
for VLANs, each input port of a cut set RBridge could (after
encapsulation in the case of a native frame) map the Inner.VLAN to
a value in an RBridge specific generic VLAN space, with the
mapping dependent only on the region to which that input port was
assigned. Then, the output port through which the frame was sent
would map from that general VLAN space to a specific VLAN in the
Inner.VLAN with the mapping depending only on the region to which
the output port was assigned. Either mapping could be the mapping
that did not change the VLAN ID and/or priority. A similar model
could be used for priority mapping with similar considerations.
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These two processing models are logically interchangeable.
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3. End Node Address Learning Between Regions
RBridges by default learn end node MAC addresses and VLANs from the
observation of ingressed native frames and the decapsulation of
native frame at egress, as described in [RFC6325]. This process
requires no modification at internal RBridges to accommodate VLAN
mapping as described herein as the VLAN will be appropriate for the
region where it is observed.
For a cut set RBridge, each port is specified to be in a particular
region. For such an RBridge, the VLAN portion of the addresses
learned at a port providing direct end station service will be that
VLAN in the region to which the cut set RBridge has assigned the
port. Care must be taken within a cut set RBridge when using such
learned information. For example, if a native frame is received in
VLAN X from region Y destined for MAC address Z, then address Z can
be looked up in the address information learned for other regions
only after applying any mapping for VLAN X to that region.
TRILL also allows RBridges to optionally advertise attached end
nodes. This end node advertisement uses the TRILL ESADI (End System
Address Distribution Information) protocol. Because TRILL ESADI
frames do not include the VLAN to which they are applicable anywhere
except in their Inner.VLAN tag and ESADI frames are forwarded just
like ordinary multi-destination TRILL Data frames, the VLAN mapping
described above works for ESADI learning. Because of this, any future
ESADI extensions MUST NOT require VLAN ID fields inside the ESADI
frame payload.
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4. Cut Set Attraction of VLANs and Multicast
The above described mechanisms are all that is required for VLAN and
priority mapping of frames sent to known unicast addresses. However,
to correctly handle multi-destination traffic, additional steps are
required. In particular, unless cut-set RBridges take additional
action, multi-destination frames that they need to forward from one
region to another might not reach the cut set RBridge due to the
optional pruning of distribution trees by internal RBridges.
If RB1 is configured to translate VLAN A in East to VLAN B in West,
then RB1 MUST report, in its LSP, that it is interested in both VLAN
A and VLAN B data, even if RB1 is not appointed forwarder for either
or both VLAN A or VLAN B. If it did not do this, a multi-destination
frame in VLAN A in East might be pruned before reaching RB1 and not
mapped to VLAN B and forwarded to West as it should.
If RB1 is configured to translate VLAN A in East to VLAN B in West,
then RB1 MUST take steps to ensure that a multicast packet for group
G in VLAN A will not be filtered inside the East region. To solve
this problem RB1 MUST report that it is connected in VLAN A to an
IPv4 and IPv6 multicast router so it will get all multi-cast traffic
in VLAN A and can forward appropriate multicast frames mapped to VLAN
B. While this increases traffic to cut set RBridges, it does so to an
extent no worse that an RBridge connected to an actual Layer 3
multicast router or routers.
Because all the regions operate as a single TRILL campus with a
unified IS-IS link state database, it is not possible to confine the
above required announcements to particular regions.
Cut set RBridges and the links connecting them to the rest of the
network should be appropriately engineered for any additional traffic
load these requirements impose.
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5. Advertisement of VLAN and Priority Mappings
To help detect misconfiguration, a cut set RBridge RB1 MAY advertise
its VLAN and priority mappings in its LSP. To enable this, a 16-bit
unsigned ID is assigned to each of the regions by manual
configuration. All cut set RBridges SHOULD be configured with the
same IDs for the regions but means of accomplishing this are outside
of the scope of this document. So, in our example Figure 1, if
"East" is "1" and "West" is "2", and VLAN A in East is mapped to VLAN
B in West, and vice versa to be symmetric, the LSP would report a set
of mappings, including:
{VLAN: (1:A,2:B), (2:B,1:A)}
Illegal VLAN IDs (0x000 or 0xFFF) should never appear as a VLAN ID in
an LSP advertising VLAN mappings but if they do, the mapping where
they appear are ignored for consistency checking.
The actual encoding of this information and the Type or sub-Type
values for any new TLV or sub-TLV data elements are specified in a
separate document
6. IANA Considerations
This document requires no IANA actions. RFC Editor: Please delete
this section before publication.
7. Security Considerations
See [RFC6325] for general RBridge Security Considerations.
If cut set RBridges have misconfigured VLAN mappings, VLANs may be
inadvertently partitioned or inadvertently merged and frames may be
delivered in the wrong VLAN, which could violate security policies.
However, misconfiguration of VLAN or priority mappings cannot cause
loops because mappings of VLANs and/or priority have no effect on
unicast frame routing, shortest path calculations, distribution tree
construction or selection, or the like.
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8. Normative References
[RFC2119] - Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[RFC6325] - Perlman, R., Eastlake 3rd, D., Dutt, D., Gai, S., and A.
Ghanwani, "Routing Bridges (RBridges): Base Protocol
Specification", RFC 6325, July 2011.
9. Informative References
None.
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Appendix Z: Change Summary
RFC Editor Note: Please delete this Appendix Z on publication.
Changes from -00 to -01
1. Because RBridges cannot tell what cloud other RBridges are in,
drop the "optimized" option for advertising multicast listeners
and require the advertisement of multicast router connectivity.
2. Specify that the cloud connectivity must be specified for all cut
set RBridges and that cloud IDs are manually configured and are 16
bit.
3. Expand rules for VLAN ID mapping/handling at a cut set RBridge so
as to drop frames that are for a VLAN ID to which another VLAN ID
is being mapped. (See Section 3.)
4. Add mention of "VLAN ID translation", the 802.1 name for VLAN
mapping.
5. Minor editing changes.
Changes from -01 to -02
1. Remove previous confused text about VLAN mapping (point 3 in
changes from -00 to -01).
2. Add text allowing mapping to zero to indicate frames should be
dropped. Add text and diagram explaining that this can lead to
VLAN partition.
3. Add normative reference to draft-ietf-isis-layer2.
4. Minor editing changes.
Changes from -02 to -03
This was a substantial re-write of the draft but there was no
fundamental conceptual change in the mapping mechanism.
1. Replace "cloud" with "region".
2. Introductory material was re-written to primarily reference
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RBridge campuses and reduce references to 802.1 bridges.
3. Mapping of priority was added to mapping of VLANs.
4. Two different models are now described for implementation of
mappings, one in the forwarding mechanism as before and one
associated with the RBridge ports.
5. Add the specification of the TRILL GenApp TLV. Switch to using
TRILL GenApp TLV sub-TLVs to advertise VLAN and priority mappings.
Add specification of those sub-TLVs. Remove reference to draft-
ietf-isis-layer2.
6. The IANA considerations section calls for the allocation of a
GenApp TLV code for TRILL and provides for sub-TLVs under that
code where the LSP advertisement of VLAN and priority mappings was
moved. Set up IANA registry for TRILL GenApp sub-TLVs.
7. Numerous minor editing changes.
Changes from -03 to -04
1. Because distribution trees for multi-destination frames may cause
frames to cross region boundaries multiple times even to get
between RBridges within a single regions, remove facilities for
dropping frames at region boundaries.
2. Due to questions about the timing of the approval of the IS-IS
GenApp draft, move VLAN/priority mapping informational
advertisement code points and data structures to a separate draft.
3. Numerous minor editing changes.
Changes from -04 to -05
Increment version and update dates. Update author info. One or two
minor editorial changes.
Changes from -05 to -06
Update draft reference to [RFC6325]. Increment version and update
dates.
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Changes from -06 to -07
Update author information, increment version, and update dates.
Changes from -07 to -08
Minor editorial changes, update author information, increment
version, and update dates.
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Authors' Addresses
Radia Perlman
Intel Labs
2200 Mission College Blvd.
Santa Clara, CA 95054-1549 USA
Phone: +1-408-765-8080
Email: Radia@alum.mit.edu
Anil Rijhsinghani
HP Networking
350 Campus Drive
Marlboro, MA 01752-3082 USA
Phone: +1-508-323-1251
Email: anil.rijhsinghani@hp.com
Donald Eastlake 3rd
Huawei Technologies
155 Beaver Street
Milford, MA 01757 USA
Tel: +1-508-333-2270
Email: d3e3e3@gmail.com
Ayan Banerjee
Cumulus Networks
1089 West Evelyn Avenue
Sunnyvale, CA 94086 USA
Email: ayabaner@gmail.com
Dinesh G. Dutt
Cumulus Networks
1089 West Evelyn Avenue
Sunnyvale, CA 94086 USA
Email: ddutt.ietf@hobbesdutt.com
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R. Perlman, et al. [Page 19]