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TRILL: Clarifications, Corrections, and Updates
draft-ietf-trill-rfc7180bis-00

The information below is for an old version of the document.
Document Type
This is an older version of an Internet-Draft that was ultimately published as RFC 7780.
Authors Donald E. Eastlake 3rd , Mingui Zhang , Radia Perlman , Ayan Banerjee , Anoop Ghanwani , Sujay Gupta
Last updated 2014-11-13
Replaces draft-eastlake-trill-rfc7180bis
RFC stream Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
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Document shepherd Susan Hares
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draft-ietf-trill-rfc7180bis-00
TRILL Working Group                                      Donald Eastlake
INTERNET-DRAFT                                              Mingui Zhang
Intended status: Proposed Standard                                Huawei
Obsoletes: 7180                                            Radia Perlman
Updates: 6325, 7177, 7179                                            EMC
                                                           Ayan Banerjee
                                                                   Cisco
                                                          Anoop Ghanwani
                                                                    Dell
                                                             Sujay Gupta
                                                             IP Infusion
Expires:May 12, 2015                                   November 13, 2014

            TRILL: Clarifications, Corrections, and Updates
                  <draft-ietf-trill-rfc7180bis-00.txt>

Abstract

   Since publication of the TRILL (Transparent Interconnection of Lots
   of Links) base protocol in 2011, active development of TRILL has
   revealed errata in RFC 6325 and areas that could use clarifications
   or updates. RFCs 7177, 7357, and [rfc6439bis] provide clarifications
   and updates with respect to Adjacency, the TRILL ESADI (End Station
   Address Distribution Information) protocol, and Appointed Forwarders
   respectively.  This document provides other known clarifications,
   corrections, and updates. It obsoletes RFC 7180 (the previous TRILL
   clarifications, corrections), updates RFC 7177, updates RFC 7179, and
   updates RFC 6325.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted to IETF in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Distribution of this document is unlimited. Comments should be sent
   to the TRILL working group mailing list: <trill@ietf.org>.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups.  Note that
   other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-
   Drafts.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

D. Eastlake, et al                                              [Page 1]
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   The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at
   http://www.ietf.org/1id-abstracts.html. The list of Internet-Draft
   Shadow Directories can be accessed at
   http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html.

D. Eastlake, et al                                              [Page 2]
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Table of Contents

      1. Introduction (Changed)..................................5
      1.1 Precedence (Changed)...................................5
      1.2 Changes That Are Not Backward Compatible (Unchanged)...5
      1.3 Terminology and Acronyms (Changed).....................6

      2. Overloaded and/or Unreachable RBridges (Unchanged)......7
      2.1 Reachability...........................................7
      2.2 Distribution Trees.....................................8
      2.3 Overloaded Receipt of TRILL Data Packets...............8
      2.3.1 Known Unicast Receipt................................8
      2.3.2 Multi-Destination Receipt............................9
      2.4 Overloaded Origination of TRILL Data Packets...........9
      2.4.1 Known Unicast Origination............................9
      2.4.2 Multi-Destination Origination........................9
      2.4.2.1 An Example Network................................10
      2.4.2.2 Indicating OOMF Support...........................10
      2.4.2.3 Using OOMF Service................................11

      3. Distribution Trees and RPF Check (Changed).............13
      3.1 Number of Distribution Trees (Unchanged)..............13
      3.2 Distribution Tree Update Clarification (Unchanged)....13
      3.3 Multicast Pruning Based on IP Address (Unchanged).....13
      3.4 Numbering of Distribution Trees (Unchanged)...........14
      3.5 Link Cost Directionality (Unchanged)..................14
      3.6 Alternative RPF Check (New)...........................14
      3.6.1 Example of the Potential Problem....................15
      3.6.2 Solution and Discussion.............................16

      4. Nicknames Selection (Unchanged)........................18

      5. MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) (Unchanged)............20
      5.1 MTU-Related Errata in RFC 6325........................20
      5.1.1 MTU PDU Addressing..................................20
      5.1.2 MTU PDU Processing..................................21
      5.1.3 MTU Testing.........................................21
      5.2 Ethernet MTU Values...................................21

      6. TRILL Port Modes (Unchanged)...........................23
      7. The CFI/DEI Bit (Unchanged)............................24

      8. Other IS-IS Considerations (Changed)...................25
      8.1 E-L1FS Support (New)..................................25
      8.1.1 Backward Compatibility..............................25
      8.1.2 E-L1FS Use for Existing (sub)TLVs...................26
      8.2 Control Packet Priorities (New).......................26
      8.3 Unknown PDUs (New)....................................27
      8.4 Nickname Flags APPsub-TLV (New).......................28
      8.5 Graceful Restart (Unchanged)..........................29

D. Eastlake, et al                                              [Page 3]
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Table of Contents (continued)

      9. Updates to [RFC7177] (Adjacency) [Changed).............30

      10. TRILL Header Update (New).............................31
      10.1 Color Bit............................................32
      10.2 Flag Word Changes (update to [RFC7179])..............32
      10.2.1 Extended Hop Count.................................32
      10.2.1.1 Advertising Support..............................32
      10.2.1.2 Ingress Behavior.................................33
      10.2.1.3 Transit Behavior.................................33
      10.2.1.4 Egress Behavior..................................34
      10.2.2 Extended Color Field...............................34
      10.3 Updated Flag Word Summary............................34

      11. IANA Considerations (Changed).........................36
      11.1 Previously Completed IANA Actions (Unchanged)........36
      11.2 New IANA Considerations (New)........................36
      11.2.1 Reference Updated..................................36
      11.2.2 The 'E' Capability Bit.............................37
      11.2.3 NickFlags APPsub-TLV Number........................37
      11.2.4 Update TRILL Extended Header Flags.................37
      11.2.5 TRILL-VER Sub-TLV Capability Flags.................37

      12. Security Considerations (Changed).....................39

      Acknowledgements..........................................40
      Normative References......................................41
      Informative References....................................42

      Appendix A: Life Cycle of a TRILL Switch Port (New).......44
      Appendix B: Example TRILL PDUs (New)......................46
      Appendix C: Appointed Forwarder Status Lost Couter (New)..47

      Appendix D: Changes from [RFC7180]........................48
      D.1 Changes...............................................48
      D.2 Additions.............................................48
      D.3 Deletions.............................................49

      Appendix Z: Change History................................50

      Authors' Addresses........................................51

D. Eastlake, et al                                              [Page 4]
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1. Introduction (Changed)

   Since the TRILL base protocol [RFC6325] was published in 2011, active
   development of TRILL has revealed errors in the specification
   [RFC6325] and several areas that could use clarifications or updates.

   [RFC7177], [RFC7357], and [rfc6439bis] provide clarifications and
   updates with respect to Adjacency, the TRILL ESADI (End Station
   Address Distribution Information) protocol, and Appointed Forwarders.
   This document provides other known clarifications, corrections, and
   updates to [RFC6325], [RFC7177], and [RFC7179]. This document
   obsoletes [RFC7180], the previous TRILL clarifications, corrections,
   and updates document.

   Sections of this document are annotated as to whether they are "New"
   technical material, material that has been technically "Changed", or
   material that is technically "Unchanged" by the appearance of one of
   these three words in parenthesis at the end of the section header. A
   section with only editorial changes is annotated as "(Unchanged)". If
   no such notation appears, then the first notation encountered on
   going to successively higher-level headers applies. Appendix C
   describes changes, summarizes material added, and lists material
   deleted.

1.1 Precedence (Changed)

   In case of conflict between this document and [RFC6325], [RFC7177],
   or [RFC7179] this document takes precedence.  In addition, Section
   1.2 (Normative Content and Precedence) of [RFC6325] is updated to
   provide a more complete precedence ordering of the sections of
   [RFC6325] as following, where sections to the left take precedence
   over sections to their right:

                         4 > 3 > 7 > 5 > 2 > 6 > 1

1.2 Changes That Are Not Backward Compatible (Unchanged)

   The change made by Section 3.4 below, which was also present in
   [RFC7180], is not backward compatible with [RFC6325] but has
   nevertheless been adopted to reduce distribution tree changes
   resulting from topology changes.

   The several other changes herein that are fixes to errata for
   [RFC6325] -- [Err3002] [Err3003] [Err3004] [Err3052] [Err3053]
   [Err3508] -- may not be backward compatible with previous
   implementations that conformed to errors in the specification.

D. Eastlake, et al                                              [Page 5]
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1.3 Terminology and Acronyms (Changed)

   This document uses the acronyms defined in [RFC6325], some of which
   are repeated below for convenience, along with some additional
   acronyms and terms as follows:

   CFI - Canonical Format Indicator [802].

   DEI - Drop Eligibility Indicator [802.1Q-2011].

   EISS - Enhanced Internal Sublayer Service.

   OOMF - Overload Originated Multi-destination Frame.

   RBridge - An alternative name for a TRILL Switch.

   RPFC - Reverse Path Forwarding Check.

   SNPA - SubNetwork Point of Attachment (for example, MAC address).

   TRILL - Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (or Tunneled
      Routing in the Link Layer).

   TRILL Switch - A device implementing the TRILL protocol. An
      alternative name for an RBridge.

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
   "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
   [RFC2119].

D. Eastlake, et al                                              [Page 6]
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2. Overloaded and/or Unreachable RBridges (Unchanged)

   In this Section 2, the term "neighbor" refers only to actual RBridges
   and ignores pseudonodes.

   RBridges may be in overload as indicated by the [IS-IS] overload flag
   in their LSPs (Link State PDUs).  This means that either (1) they are
   incapable of holding the entire link-state database and thus do not
   have a view of the entire topology or (2) they have been configured
   to have the overload bit set.  Although networks should be engineered
   to avoid actual link-state overload, it might occur under various
   circumstances.  For example, if a large campus included one or more
   low-end TRILL Switches.

   It is a common operational practice to set the overload bit in an
   [IS-IS] router (such as a TRILL Switch) when performing maintenance
   on that router that might affect its ability to correctly forward
   packets; this will usually leave the router reachable for maintenance
   traffic, but transit traffic will not be routed through it.  (Also,
   in some cases, TRILL provides for setting the overload bit in the
   pseudonode of a link to stop TRILL Data traffic on an access link
   (see Section 4.9.1 of [RFC6325]).)

   [IS-IS] and TRILL make a reasonable effort to do what they can even
   if some TRILL Switches/routers are in overload.  They can do
   reasonably well if a few scattered nodes are in overload.  However,
   actual least-cost paths are no longer assured if any TRILL Switches
   are in overload.

   For the effect of overload on the appointment of forwarders, see
   [rfc6439bis].

2.1 Reachability

   Packets are not least-cost routed through an overloaded TRILL Switch,
   although they may originate or terminate at an overloaded TRILL
   Switch.  In addition, packets will not be least-cost routed over
   links with cost 2**24 - 1 [RFC5305]; such links are reserved for
   traffic- engineered packets, the handling of which is beyond the
   scope of this document.

   As a result, a portion of the campus may be unreachable for least-
   cost routed TRILL Data because all paths to it would be through
   either a link with cost 2**24 - 1 or through an overloaded RBridge.
   For example, an RBridge (TRILL Switch) RB1 is not reachable by TRILL
   Data if all of its neighbors are connected to RB1 by links with cost
   2**24 - 1.  Such RBridges are called "data unreachable".

D. Eastlake, et al                                              [Page 7]
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   The link-state database at an RBridge RB1 can also contain
   information on TRILL Switches that are unreachable by IS-IS link-
   state flooding due to link or RBridge failures.  When such failures
   partition the campus, the TRILL Switches adjacent to the failure and
   on the same side of the failure as RB1 will update their LSPs to show
   the lack of connectivity, and RB1 will receive those updates.  As a
   result, RB1 will be aware of the partition.  Nodes on the far side of
   the partition are both IS-IS unreachable and data unreachable.
   However, LSPs held by RB1 for TRILL Switches on the far side of the
   failure will not be updated and may stay around until they time out,
   which could be tens of minutes or longer.  (The default in [IS-IS] is
   twenty minutes.)

2.2 Distribution Trees

   An RBridge in overload cannot be trusted to correctly calculate
   distribution trees or correctly perform the RPFC (Reverse-Path
   Forwarding Check).  Therefore, it cannot be trusted to forward multi-
   destination TRILL Data packets.  It can only appear as a leaf node in
   a TRILL multi-destination distribution tree.  Furthermore, if all the
   immediate neighbors of an RBridge are overloaded, then it is omitted
   from all trees in the campus and is unreachable by multi-destination
   packets.

   When an RBridge determines what nicknames to use as the roots of the
   distribution trees it calculates, it MUST ignore all nicknames held
   by TRILL Switches that are in overload or are data unreachable.  When
   calculating RPFCs for multi-destination packets, an RBridge RB1 MAY,
   to avoid calculating unnecessary RPFC state, ignore any trees that
   cannot reach to RB1 even if other RBridges list those trees as trees
   that other TRILL Switches might use.  (But see Section 3.)

2.3 Overloaded Receipt of TRILL Data Packets

   The receipt of TRILL Data packets by overloaded RBridge RB2 is
   discussed in the subsections below.  In all cases, the normal Hop
   Count decrement is performed, and the TRILL Data packets is discarded
   if the result is less than one or if the egress nickname is illegal.

2.3.1 Known Unicast Receipt

   RB2 will not usually receive unicast TRILL Data packets unless it is
   the egress, in which case it egresses and delivers the data normally.
   If RB2 receives a unicast TRILL Data packet for which it is not the

D. Eastlake, et al                                              [Page 8]
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   egress, perhaps because a neighbor does not yet know it is in
   overload, RB2 MUST NOT discard the packet because the egress is an
   unknown nickname as it might not know about all nicknames due to its
   overloaded condition.  If any neighbor, other than the neighbor from
   which it received the packet, is not overloaded, it MUST attempt to
   forward the packet to one of those neighbors selected at random
   [RFC4086].  If there is no such neighbor, the packet is discarded.

2.3.2 Multi-Destination Receipt

   If RB2 in overload receives a multi-destination TRILL Data packet,
   RB2 MUST NOT apply an RPFC since, due to overload, it might not do so
   correctly.  RB2 egresses and delivers the frame locally where it is
   Appointed Forwarder for the frame's VLAN, subject to any multicast
   pruning.  But since, as stated above, RB2 can only be the leaf of a
   distribution tree, it MUST NOT forward a multi-destination TRILL Data
   packet (except as an egressed native frame where RB2 is Appointed
   Forwarder).

2.4 Overloaded Origination of TRILL Data Packets

   Overloaded origination of unicast TRILL Data packets with known
   egress and of multi-destination packets is discussed in the
   subsections below.

2.4.1 Known Unicast Origination

   When an overloaded RBridge RB2 ingresses or creates a known
   destination unicast data packet, it delivers it locally if the
   destination is local.  Otherwise, RB2 unicasts it to any neighbor
   TRILL Switch that is not overloaded.  It MAY use what routing
   information it has to help select the neighbor.

2.4.2 Multi-Destination Origination

   Overloaded RBridge RB2 ingressing or creating a multi-destination
   data packet is more complex than for the known unicast case as
   discussed below.

D. Eastlake, et al                                              [Page 9]
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2.4.2.1 An Example Network

   For example, consider the network below in which, for simplicity, end
   stations and any bridges are not shown.  There is one distribution
   tree of which RB4 is the root, as represented by double lines.  Only
   RBridge RB2 is overloaded.

            +-----+    +-----+     +-----+     +-----+
            | RB7 +====+ RB5 +=====+ RB3 +=====+ RB1 |
            +-----+    +--+--+     +-++--+     +--+--|
                          |          ||           |
                      +---+---+      ||           |
               +------+RB2(ov)|======++           |
               |      +-------+      ||           |
               |                     ||           |
            +--+--+     +-----+  ++==++=++     +--+--+
            | RB8 +=====+ RB6 +==++ RB4 ++=====+ RB9 |
            +-----+     +-----+  ++=====++     +-----+

   Since RB2 is overloaded, it does not know what the distribution tree
   or trees are for the network.  Thus, there is no way it can provide
   normal TRILL Data service for multi-destination native frames.  So
   RB2 tunnels the frame to a neighbor that is not overloaded if it has
   such a neighbor that has signaled that it is willing to offer this
   service.  RBridges indicate this in their Hellos as described below.
   This service is called OOMF (Overload Originated Multi- destination
   Frame) service.

   -  The multi-destination frame MUST NOT be locally distributed in
      native form at RB2 before tunneling to a neighbor because this
      would cause the frame to be delivered twice.  For example, if RB2
      locally distributed a multicast native frame and then tunneled it
      to RB5, RB2 would get a copy of the frame when RB3 transmitted it
      as a TRILL Data packet on the multi-access RB2-RB3-RB4 link.
      Since RB2 would, in general, not be able to tell that this was a
      frame it had tunneled for distribution, RB2 would decapsulate it
      and locally distribute it a second time.

   -  On the other hand, if there is no neighbor of RB2 offering RB2 the
      OOMF service, RB2 cannot tunnel the frame to a neighbor.  In this
      case, RB2 MUST locally distribute the frame where it is Appointed
      Forwarder for the frame's VLAN and optionally subject to multicast
      pruning.

2.4.2.2 Indicating OOMF Support

   An RBridge RB3 indicates its willingness to offer the OOMF service to
   RB2 in the TRILL Neighbor TLV in RB3's TRILL Hellos by setting a bit

D. Eastlake, et al                                             [Page 10]
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   associated with the SNPA (SubNetwork Point of Attachment, also known
   as MAC address) of RB2 on the link (see IANA Considerations).
   Overloaded RBridge RB2 can only distribute multi-destination TRILL
   Data packets to the campus if a neighbor of RB2 not in overload
   offers RB2 the OOMF service.  If RB2 does not have OOMF service
   available to it, RB2 can still receive multi-destination packets from
   non-overloaded neighbors and, if RB2 should originate or ingress such
   a frame, it distributes it locally in native form.

2.4.2.3 Using OOMF Service

   If RB2 sees this OOMF (Overload Originated Multi-destination Frame)
   service advertised for it by any of its neighbors on any link to
   which RB2 connects, it selects one such neighbor by a means beyond
   the scope of this document.  Assuming RB2 selects RB3 to handle
   multi-destination packets it originates, RB2 MUST advertise in its
   LSP that it might use any of the distribution trees that RB3
   advertises so that the RPFC will work in the rest of the campus.
   Thus, notwithstanding its overloaded state, RB2 MUST retain this
   information from RB3 LSPs, which it will receive as it is directly
   connected to RB3.

   RB2 then encapsulates such frames as TRILL Data packets to RB3 as
   follows: M bit = 0, Hop Count = 2, ingress nickname = a nickname held
   by RB2, and, since RB2 cannot tell what distribution tree RB3 will
   use, egress nickname = a special nickname indicating an OOMF packet
   (see IANA Considerations).  RB2 then unicasts this TRILL Data packet
   to RB3.  (Implementation of Item 4 in Section 4 below provides
   reasonable assurance that, notwithstanding its overloaded state, the
   ingress nickname used by RB2 will be unique within at least the
   portion of the campus that is IS-IS reachable from RB2.)

   On receipt of such a packet, RB3 does the following:

   -  changes the Egress Nickname field to designate a distribution tree
      that RB3 normally uses,
   -  sets the M bit to one,
   -  changes the Hop Count to the value it would normally use if it
      were the ingress, and
   -  forwards the packet on that tree.

   RB3 MAY rate limit the number of packets for which it is providing
   this service by discarding some such packets from RB2.  The provision
   of even limited bandwidth for OOMFs by RB3, perhaps via the slow
   path, may be important to the bootstrapping of services at RB2 or at
   end stations connected to RB2, such as supporting DHCP and ARP/ND
   (Address Resolution Protocol / Neighbor Discovery).  (Everyone
   sometimes needs a little OOMF (pronounced "oomph") to get off the

D. Eastlake, et al                                             [Page 11]
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   ground.)

D. Eastlake, et al                                             [Page 12]
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3. Distribution Trees and RPF Check (Changed)

   Two corrections, a clarification, and two updates related to
   distribution trees appear in the subsections below along with an
   alternative, stronger RPF (Reverse Path Forwarding) Check.  See also
   Section 2.2.

3.1 Number of Distribution Trees (Unchanged)

   In [RFC6325], Section 4.5.2, page 56, Point 2, 4th paragraph, the
   parenthetical "(up to the maximum of {j,k})" is incorrect [Err3052].
   It should read "(up to k if j is zero or the minimum of (j, k) if j
   is non-zero)".

3.2 Distribution Tree Update Clarification (Unchanged)

   When a link-state database change causes a change in the distribution
   tree(s), there are several possibilities.  If a tree root remains a
   tree root but the tree changes, then local forwarding and RPFC
   entries for that tree should be updated as soon as practical.
   Similarly, if a new nickname becomes a tree root, forwarding and RPFC
   entries for the new tree should be installed as soon as practical.
   However, if a nickname ceases to be a tree root and there is
   sufficient room in local tables, the forwarding and RPFC entries for
   the former tree MAY be retained so that any multi-destination TRILL
   Data packets already in flight on that tree have a higher probability
   of being delivered.

3.3 Multicast Pruning Based on IP Address (Unchanged)

   The TRILL base protocol specification [RFC6325] provides for and
   recommends the pruning of multi-destination packet distribution trees
   based on the location of IP multicast routers and listeners; however,
   multicast listening is identified by derived MAC addresses as
   communicated in the Group MAC Address sub-TLV [RFC7176].

   TRILL Switches MAY communicate multicast listeners and prune
   distribution trees based on the actual IPv4 or IPv6 multicast
   addresses involved.  Additional Group Address sub-TLVs are provided
   in [RFC7176] to carry this information.  A TRILL Switch that is only
   capable of pruning based on derived MAC address SHOULD calculate and
   use such derived MAC addresses from multicast listener IPv4/IPv6
   address information it receives.

D. Eastlake, et al                                             [Page 13]
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3.4 Numbering of Distribution Trees (Unchanged)

   Section 4.5.1 of [RFC6325] specifies that, when building distribution
   tree number j, node (RBridge) N that has multiple possible parents in
   the tree is attached to possible parent number j mod p.  Trees are
   numbered starting with 1, but possible parents are numbered starting
   with 0.  As a result, if there are two trees and two possible
   parents, in tree 1, parent 1 will be selected, and in tree 2, parent
   0 will be selected.

   This is changed so that the selected parent MUST be (j-1) mod p.  As
   a result, in the case above, tree 1 will select parent 0, and tree 2
   will select parent 1.  This change is not backward compatible with
   [RFC6325].  If all RBridges in a campus do not determine distribution
   trees in the same way, then for most topologies, the RPFC will drop
   many multi-destination packets before they have been properly
   delivered.

3.5 Link Cost Directionality (Unchanged)

   Distribution tree construction, like other least-cost aspects of
   TRILL, works even if link costs are asymmetric, so the cost of the
   hop from RB1 to RB2 is different from the cost of the hop from RB2 to
   RB1. However, it is essential that all RBridges calculate the same
   distribution trees, and thus, all must either use the cost away from
   the tree root or the cost towards the tree root. As corrected in
   [Err3508], the text in Section 4.5.1 of [RFC6325] is incorrect.  It
   says:

      In other words, the set of potential parents for N, for the tree
      rooted at R, consists of those that give equally minimal cost
      paths from N to R and ...

   but the text should say "from R to N":

      In other words, the set of potential parents for N, for the tree
      rooted at R, consists of those that give equally minimal cost
      paths from R to N and ...

3.6 Alternative RPF Check (New)

   [RFC6325] mandates a Reverse Path Forwarding (RPF) Check on multi-
   destination TRILL data packets to avoid possible multiplication
   and/or looping of multi-destination traffic during TRILL campus
   topology transients. This check is logically performed at each TRILL
   switch input port and determines, based on where the packet started

D. Eastlake, et al                                             [Page 14]
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   (the ingress nickname) and the tree on which it is being distributed,
   whether it is arriving on the expected port. If not, the packet is
   silently discarded. This check is fine for point-to-point links;
   however, there are rare circumstances involving multi-access
   ("broadcast") links where a packet can be duplicated despite this RPF
   Check and other checks performed by TRILL.

   Section 3.6.1 gives an example of the potential problem and Section
   3.6.2 specifies a solution. This solution is an alternative stronger
   RPF Check that TRILL Switches can implemented in place of the RFF
   Check in [RFC6325].

3.6.1 Example of the Potential Problem

   Consider this network:

         F--A--B--C--o--D

   All the links except the link between C and D are point-to-point
   links.  C and D are connected over a broadcast link represented by
   the pseudonode "o". For example, C and D could be connected by a
   bridged LAN.  (Bridged LANs are transparent to TRILL.)

   Although the choice of root is unimportant here, assume that D or F
   is chosen as the root of a distribution tree so it is obvious the
   tree looks just like the diagram above.

   Now assume a link comes up from A to the same bridged LAN. The
   network then looks like this:

            +--------+
            |        |
         F--A--B--C--o--D

   Let's say the resulting tree in steady state includes all links
   except the B-C link. After the network has converged, a packet that
   starts out from F will go F->A. Then A will send one copy on the A-B
   link and another copy into the bridge LAN from which it will be
   received by C and D.

   Now consider a transition stage where A and D have acted on the new
   LSPs and programmed their forwarding plane, while B and C have not
   yet done so.  This means that B and C both consider the link between
   them to still be part of the tree. In this case, a packet that starts
   out from F and reaches A will be copied by A into the A-B link and to
   the bridge LAN. D's RPF check says to accept packets on this tree
   coming from F over its port on the bridged LAN, so it gets accepted.
   D is also adjacent to A on the tree, so the tree adjacency check, a

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   separate check mandated by [RFC6325] also passes.

   However, the packet that gets to B gets sent out by B to C. C's RPF
   check still has the old state, and it thinks the packet is OK. C
   sends the packet along the old tree, which is into the bridge LAN. D
   receives one more packet, but the tree adjacency check passes at D
   because C is adjacent to D in the new tree as well. The RPF Check
   also passes at D because D's port on the bridged LAN is OK for
   receiving packets from F.

   So, during this transient state, D gets duplicates of every multi-
   destination packet ingressed at F (unless the packet gets pruned)
   until B and C act on the new LSPs and program their hardware tables.

3.6.2 Solution and Discussion

   The problem stems from the RPF Check in [RFC6325] depending only on
   the port at which a TRILL data packet is received, the ingress
   nickname, and the tree being used, that is, a check if {ingress
   nickname, tree, input port} is a valid combination according to the
   receiving TRILL switch's view of the campus topology. A multi-access
   link actually has multiple adjacencies overlaid on one physical link
   and to avoid the problem shown in Section 3.6.1, a stronger check is
   needed that includes the Layer 2 source address of the TRILL Data
   packet being received. (TRILL is a Layer 3 protocol and TRILL
   switches are true routers that logically strip the Layer 2 header
   from any arriving TRILL data packets and add the appropriate new
   Layer 2 header to any outgoing TRILL Data packet to get it to the
   next TRILL switch, so the Layer 2 source address in a TRILL Data
   packet identifies the immediately previous TRILL Switch that
   forwarded the packet.)

   What is needed, instead of checking the validity of the triplet
   {ingress nickname, tree, input port} is to check that the quadruplet
   {ingress nickname, source SNPA, tree, input port} is valid (where
   "source SNPA" (Sub-Network Point of Access) is the Outer.MacSA for an
   Ethernet link). Although it is true that [RFC6325] also requires a
   check that a multi-destination TRILL Data packet is from a TRILL
   switch that is adjacent in the distribution tree being used, this is
   a separate check from the RPF Check and these two independent checks
   are not as powerful as the single unified check for a valid
   quadruplet.

   However, this stronger RPF Check is not without cost. In the simple
   case of a multi-access link where each TRILL switch has only one port
   on the link, it merely increases the size of validity entries by
   adding the source SNPA (Outer.MacSA). However, assume some TRILL
   Switch RB1 has N ports attached to a multi-access link. RB1 is

D. Eastlake, et al                                             [Page 16]
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   permitted to load split multi-destination traffic it is sending into
   the multi-access link across those ports (Section 4.4.4 [RFC6325]).
   Assume RB2 is another TRILL Switch on the link and RB2 is
   distribution tree adjacent to RB1. The number of validity quadruplets
   at RB2 for ingress nicknames whose multi-destination traffic would
   arrive through RB1 is multiplied by N because RB2 has to accept such
   traffic from any of the ports RB1 has on the access-link. Although
   such instances seem to be very rare in practice, N could in principle
   be tens or even a hundred or more ports, vastly increasing the RPF
   check state at RB2 when this stronger RPF check is used.

   Another potential cost of the stronger RPF Check is increased
   transient loss of multi-destination TRILL data packets during a
   topology change.  For TRILL switch D, the new stronger RPF Check is
   (tree->A, Outer.MacSA=A, ingress=A, arrival port=if1) while the old
   one was ( tree->A, Outer.MacSA=C, ingress=A, arrival port=if1).
   Suppose both A and B have switched to the new tree for multicast
   forwarding while D has not updated its RPF Check yet, then the
   multicast packet will be dropped at D's if1. Since D still expects
   packet from "Outer.MacSA=C". But we do not have this packet loss
   issue if the weaker triplet check (tree->A, ingress=A, arrival
   port=if1) is used.  Thus, the stronger check can increase the RPF
   Check discard of multi-destination packets during topology
   transients.

   Because of these potential costs, implementation of this stronger RPF
   Check is optional; however, the TRILL protocol is updated to provide
   that TRILL Switches MUST, for multi-destination packets, either
   implement the RPF and other checks in [RFC6325] or implement this
   stronger RPF Check as a substitute for the [RFC6325] RPF and tree
   adjacency checks.

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4. Nicknames Selection (Unchanged)

   Nickname selection is covered by Section 3.7.3 of [RFC6325].
   However, the following should be noted:

   1. The second sentence in the second bullet item in Section 3.7.3 of
      [RFC6325] on page 25 is erroneous [Err3002] and is corrected as
      follows:

      o  The occurrence of "IS-IS ID (LAN ID)" is replaced with
         "priority".

      o  The occurrence of "IS-IS System ID" is replaced with "seven-
         byte IS-IS ID (LAN ID)".

      The resulting corrected sentence in [RFC6325] reads as follows:

         "If RB1 chooses nickname x, and RB1 discovers, through receipt
         of an LSP for RB2 at any later time, that RB2 has also chosen
         x, then the RBridge or pseudonode with the numerically higher
         priority keeps the nickname, or if there is a tie in priority,
         the RBridge with the numerically higher seven-byte IS-IS ID
         (LAN ID) keeps the nickname, and the other RBridge MUST select
         a new nickname."

   2. In examining the link-state database for nickname conflicts,
      nicknames held by IS-IS unreachable TRILL Switches MUST be
      ignored, but nicknames held by IS-IS reachable TRILL Switches MUST
      NOT be ignored even if they are data unreachable.

   3.  An RBridge may need to select a new nickname, either initially
      because it has none or because of a conflict.  When doing so, the
      RBridge MUST consider as available all nicknames that do not
      appear in its link-state database or that appear to be held by IS-
      IS unreachable TRILL Switches; however, it SHOULD give preference
      to selecting new nicknames that do not appear to be held by any
      TRILL Switch in the campus, reachable or unreachable, so as to
      minimize conflicts if IS-IS unreachable TRILL Switches later
      become reachable.

   4. An RBridge, even after it has acquired a nickname for which there
      appears to be no conflicting claimant, MUST continue to monitor
      for conflicts with the nickname or nicknames it holds.  It does so
      by checking in LSP PDUs it receives that should update its link-
      state database for the following: any occurrence of any of its
      nicknames held with higher priority by some other TRILL Switch
      that is IS-IS reachable from it.  If it finds such a conflict, it
      MUST select a new nickname, even when in overloaded state.  (It is
      possible to receive an LSP that should update the link-state
      database but does not do so due to overload.)

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   5. In the very unlikely case that an RBridge is unable to obtain a
      nickname because all valid RBridge nicknames (0x0001 through
      0xFFBF inclusive) are in use with higher priority by IS-IS
      reachable TRILL Switches, it will be unable to act as an ingress,
      egress, or tree root but will still be able to function as a
      transit TRILL Switch.  Although it cannot be a tree root, such an
      RBridge is included in distribution trees computed for the campus
      unless all its neighbors are overloaded.  It would not be possible
      to send a unicast RBridge Channel message specifically to such a
      TRILL Switch [RFC7178]; however, it will receive unicast RBridge
      Channel messages sent by a neighbor to the Any-RBridge egress
      nickname and will receive appropriate multi-destination RBridge
      Channel messages.

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5. MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) (Unchanged)

   MTU values in TRILL key off the originatingL1LSPBufferSize value
   communicated in the IS-IS originatingLSPBufferSize TLV [IS-IS].  The
   campus-wide value Sz, as described in Section 4.3.1 of [RFC6325], is
   the minimum value of originatingL1LSPBufferSize for the RBridges in a
   campus, but not less than 1470.  The MTU testing mechanism and
   limiting LSPs to Sz assures that the LSPs can be flooded by IS-IS and
   thus that IS-IS can operate properly.

   If nothing is known about the MTU of the links or the
   originatingL1LSPBufferSize of other RBridges in a campus, the
   originatingL1LSPBufferSize for an RBridge should default to the
   minimum of the LSP size that its TRILL IS-IS software can handle and
   the minimum MTU of the ports that it might use to receive or transmit
   LSPs.  If an RBridge does have knowledge of link MTUs or other
   RBridge originatingL1LSPBufferSize, then, to avoid the necessity to
   regenerate the local LSPs using a different maximum size, the
   RBridge's originatingL1LSPBufferSize SHOULD be configured to the
   minimum of (1) the smallest value that other RBridges are or will be
   announcing as their originatingL1LSPBufferSize and (2) a value small
   enough that the campus will not partition due to a significant number
   of links with limited MTU.  However, as provided in [RFC6325], in no
   case can originatingL1LSPBufferSize be less than 1470.  In a well-
   configured campus, to minimize any LSP regeneration due to re-sizing,
   all RBridges will be configured with the same
   originatingL1LSPBufferSize.

   Section 5.1 below corrects errata in [RFC6325], and Section 5.2
   clarifies the meaning of various MTU limits for TRILL Ethernet links.

5.1 MTU-Related Errata in RFC 6325

   Three MTU-related errata in [RFC6325] are corrected in the
   subsections below.

5.1.1 MTU PDU Addressing

   Section 4.3.2 of [RFC6325] incorrectly states that multi-destination
   MTU-probe and MTU-ack TRILL IS-IS PDUs are sent on Ethernet links
   with the All-RBridges multicast address as the Outer.MacDA [Err3004].
   As TRILL IS-IS PDUs, when multicast on an Ethernet link, they MUST be
   sent to the All-IS-IS-RBridges multicast address.

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5.1.2 MTU PDU Processing

   As discussed in [RFC6325] and, in more detail, in [RFC7177], MTU-
   probe and MTU-ack PDUs MAY be unicast; however, Section 4.6 of
   [RFC6325] erroneously does not allow for this possibility [Err3003].
   It is corrected by replacing Item numbered "1" in Section 4.6.2 of
   [RFC6325] with the following quoted text to which TRILL Switches MUST
   conform:

   "1. If the Ethertype is L2-IS-IS and the Outer.MacDA is either All-
       IS-IS-RBridges or the unicast MAC address of the receiving
       RBridge port, the frame is handled as described in Section
       4.6.2.1"

   The reference to "Section 4.6.2.1" in the above quoted text is to
   that section in [RFC6325].

5.1.3 MTU Testing

   The last two sentences of Section 4.3.2 of [RFC6325] have errors
   [Err3053].  They currently read:

      "If X is not greater than Sz, then RB1 sets the "failed minimum
      MTU test" flag for RB2 in RB1's Hello.  If size X succeeds, and X
      > Sz, then RB1 advertises the largest tested X for each adjacency
      in the TRILL Hellos RB1 sends on that link, and RB1 MAY advertise
      X as an attribute of the link to RB2 in RB1's LSP."

   They should read:

      "If X is not greater than or equal to Sz, then RB1 sets the
      "failed minimum MTU test" flag for RB2 in RB1's Hello.  If size X
      succeeds, and X >= Sz, then RB1 advertises the largest tested X
      for each adjacency in the TRILL Hellos RB1 sends on that link, and
      RB1 MAY advertise X as an attribute of the link to RB2 in RB1's
      LSP."

5.2 Ethernet MTU Values

   originatingL1LSPBufferSize is the maximum permitted size of LSPs
   starting with the 0x83 Intradomain Routeing Protocol Discriminator
   byte.  In Layer 3 IS-IS, originatingL1LSPBufferSize defaults to 1492
   bytes.  (This is because, in its previous life as DECnet Phase V, IS-
   IS was encoded using the SNAP SAP (Sub-Network Access Protocol
   Service Access Point) [RFC7042] format, which takes 8 bytes of
   overhead and 1492 + 8 = 1500, the classic Ethernet maximum.  When

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   standardized by ISO/IEC [IS-IS] to use Logical Link Control (LLC)
   encoding, this default could have been increased by a few bytes but
   was not.)

   In TRILL, originatingL1LSPBufferSize defaults to 1470 bytes.  This
   allows 27 bytes of headroom or safety margin to accommodate legacy
   devices with the classic Ethernet maximum MTU despite headers such as
   an Outer.VLAN.

   Assuming the campus-wide minimum link MTU is Sz, RBridges on Ethernet
   links MUST limit most TRILL IS-IS PDUs so that PDUz (the length of
   the PDU starting just after the L2-IS-IS Ethertype and ending just
   before the Ethernet Frame Check Sequence (FCS)) does not to exceed
   Sz.  The PDU exceptions are TRILL Hello PDUs, which MUST NOT exceed
   1470 bytes, and MTU-probe and MTU-ack PDUs that are padded by an
   amount that depends on the size being tested (which may exceed Sz).

   Sz does not limit TRILL Data packets.  They are only limited by the
   MTU of the devices and links that they actually pass through;
   however, links that can accommodate IS-IS PDUs up to Sz would
   accommodate, with a generous safety margin, TRILL Data packet
   payloads of (Sz - 24) bytes, starting after the Inner.VLAN and ending
   just before the FCS.

   Most modern Ethernet equipment has ample headroom for frames with
   extensive headers and is sometimes engineered to accommodate 9K byte
   jumbo frames.

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6. TRILL Port Modes (Unchanged)

   Section 4.9.1 of [RFC6325] specifies four mode bits for RBridge ports
   but may not be completely clear on the effects of various
   combinations of bits.

   The table below explicitly indicates the effect of all possible
   combinations of the TRILL port mode bits.  "*" in one of the first
   four columns indicates that the bit can be either zero or one.  The
   following columns indicate allowed frame types.  The Disable bit
   normally disables all frames, but, as an implementation choice, some
   or all low-level Layer 2 control message can still be sent or
   received. Examples of Layer 2 control messages are those control
   frames for Ethernet identified in Section 1.4 of [RFC6325] or PPP
   link negotiation messages [RFC6361].

            +-+-+-+-+--------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
            |D| | | |        |       |       |       |       |
            |i| |A| |        |       | TRILL |       |       |
            |s| |c|T|        |native | Data  |       |       |
            |a| |c|r|        |ingress|       |       |       |
            |b|P|e|u|        |       |  LSP  |       |       |
            |l|2|s|n|Layer 2 |native |  SNP  | TRILL |  P2P  |
            |e|P|s|k|Control |egress |  MTU  | Hello | Hello |
            +-+-+-+-+--------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
            |0|0|0|0|  Yes   |  Yes  |  Yes  |  Yes  |  No   |
            +-+-+-+-+--------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
            |0|0|0|1|  Yes   |  No   |  Yes  |  Yes  |  No   |
            +-+-+-+-+--------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
            |0|0|1|0|  Yes   |  Yes  |  No   |  Yes  |  No   |
            +-+-+-+-+--------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
            |0|0|1|1|  Yes   |  No   |  No   |  Yes  |  No   |
            +-+-+-+-+--------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
            |0|1|0|*|  Yes   |  No   |  Yes  |  No   |  Yes  |
            +-+-+-+-+--------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
            |0|1|1|*|  Yes   |  No   |  No   |  No   |  Yes  |
            +-+-+-+-+--------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
            |1|*|*|*|Optional|  No   |  No   |  No   |  No   |
            +-+-+-+-+--------+-------+-------+-------+-------+

   The formal name of the "access bit" above is the "TRILL traffic
   disable bit". The formal name of the "trunk bit" is the "end-station
   service disable bit" [RFC6325].

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7. The CFI/DEI Bit (Unchanged)

   In May 2011, the IEEE promulgated [802.1Q-2011], which changed the
   meaning of the bit between the priority and VLAN ID bits in the
   payload of C-VLAN tags.  Previously, this bit was called the CFI
   (Canonical Format Indicator) bit [802] and had a special meaning in
   connection with IEEE 802.5 (Token Ring) frames.  Now, under
   [802.1Q-2011], it is a DEI (Drop Eligibility Indicator) bit, similar
   to that bit in S-VLAN/B-VLAN tags where this bit has always been a
   DEI bit.

   The TRILL base protocol specification [RFC6325] assumed, in effect,
   that the link by which end stations are connected to TRILL Switches
   and the restricted virtual link provided by the TRILL Data packet are
   IEEE 802.3 Ethernet links on which the CFI bit is always zero.
   Should an end station be attached by some other type of link, such as
   a Token Ring link, [RFC6325] implicitly assumed that such frames
   would be canonicalized to 802.3 frames before being ingressed, and
   similarly, on egress, such frames would be converted from 802.3 to
   the appropriate frame type for the link.  Thus, [RFC6325] required
   that the CFI bit in the Inner.VLAN, which is shown as the "C" bit in
   Section 4.1.1 of [RFC6325], always be zero.

   However, for TRILL Switches with ports conforming to the change
   incorporated in the IEEE 802.1Q-2011 standard, the bit in the
   Inner.VLAN, now a DEI bit, MUST be set to the DEI value provided by
   the EISS (Enhanced Internal Sublayer Service) interface on ingressing
   a native frame.  Similarly, this bit MUST be provided to the EISS
   when transiting or egressing a TRILL Data packet.  As with the 3-bit
   Priority field, the DEI bit to use in forwarding a transit packet
   MUST be taken from the Inner.VLAN.  The exact effect on the
   Outer.VLAN DEI and priority bits and whether or not an Outer.VLAN
   appears at all on the wire for output frames may depend on output
   port configuration.

   TRILL campuses with a mixture of ports, some compliant with
   [802.1Q-2011] and some compliant with pre-802.1Q-2011 standards,
   especially if they have actual Token Ring links, may operate
   incorrectly and may corrupt data, just as a bridged LAN with such
   mixed ports and links would.

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8. Other IS-IS Considerations (Changed)

   This section covers E-L1FS Support, Control Packet Priorities,
   Unknown PDUs, the Nickname Flags APPsub-TLV, and Graceful Restart.

8.1 E-L1FS Support (New)

   TRILL switches MUST support Extended Level 1 Flooding Scope PDUs (E-
   L1FS) [RFC7356] and MUST include a Scoped Flooding Support TLV
   [RFC7356] in all TRILL Hellos they send indicating support for this
   scope and any other FS-LSP scopes that they support. This support
   increases the number of fragments available for link state
   information by over two orders of magnitude. (See Section 9 for
   further information on support of the Scoped Flooding Support TLV.)

   In addition, TRILL switches MUST advertise their support of E-L1FS
   flooding in a TRILL Version sub-TLV capability bit (see [RFC7176] and
   Section 11.2).  This bit is used by a TRILL switch, say RB1, to
   determine support for E-L1FS by some remote RBx. The alternative of
   simply looking for an E-L1FS FS-LSP originated by RBx fails because
   (1) RBx might support E-L1FS flooding but not be originating any E-
   L1FS FS-LSPs and (2) even if RBx is originating E-L1FS FS-LSPs there
   might, due to legacy TRILL switches in the campus, be no path between
   RBx and RB1 through TRILL switches supporting E-L1FS flooding. If
   that were the case, no E-L1FS FS-LSP originated by RBx could get to
   RB1.

8.1.1 Backward Compatibility

   A TRILL campus might contain TRILL switches supporting E-L1FS
   flooding and legacy TRILL switches that do not support E-L1FS or
   perhaps do not support any [RFC7356] scopes.

   A TRILL switch conformant to this document can always tell which
   adjacent TRILL switches support E-L1FS flooding from the adjacency
   table entries on its ports (see Section 9). In addition, such a TRILL
   switch can tell which remote TRILL switches in a campus support E-
   L1FS by the presence of a TRILL Version sub-TLV in that TRILL
   switch's LSP with the E-L1FS support bit set in the Capabilities
   field; this capability bit is ignored for adjacent TRILL switches for
   which only the adjacency table entry is consulted to determine E-L1FS
   support.

   TRILL specifications making use of E-L1FS MUST specify how situations
   involving mixed TRILL campus of TRILL switches will be handled.

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8.1.2 E-L1FS Use for Existing (sub)TLVs

   In a campus where all TRILL switches support E-L1FS, all TRILL sub-
   TLVs listed in Section 2.3 of [RFC7176], except the TRILL Version
   sub-TLV, MAY be advertised by inclusion in Router Capability or MT-
   Capability TLVs in E-L1FS FS-LSPs [RFC7356]. (The TRILL Version sub-
   TLV still MUST appear in an LSP fragment zero.)

   In a mixed campus where some TRILL switches support E-L1FS and some
   do not, then only the following four sub-TLVs of those listed in
   Section 2.3 of [RFC7176] can appear in E-L1FS and then only under the
   conditions discussed below. In the following list, each sub-TLV is
   preceded by an abbreviated acronym used only in this Section 8.1.2:

      IV:  Interested VLANs and Spanning Tree Roots sub-TLV
      VG:  VLAN Groups sub-TLV
      IL:  Interested Labels and Spanning Tree Roots sub-TLV
      LG:  Label Groups sub-TLV

   An IV or VG sub-TLV MUST NOT be advertised by TRILL switch RB1 in an
   E-L1FS FS-LSP and MUST be advertised in an LSP unless the following
   conditions are met:
   -  E-L1FS is supported by all of the TRILL switches that are data
      reachable from RB1 and are interested in the VLANs mentioned in
      the IV or VG sub-TLV, and
   -  there is E-L1FS connectivity between all such TRILL switches in
      the campus interested in the VLANs mentioned in the IV or VG sub-
      TLV (connectivity involving only intermediate TRILL switches that
      also support E-L1FS).

   Any IV and VG sub-TLVs MAY still be advertised via core TRILL IS-IS
   LSP by any TRILL switch that has enough room in its LSPs.

   The conditions for using E-L1FS for the IL and LG sub-TLVs are the
   same as for IV and VG but with Fine Grained Labels [RFC7172]
   substituted for VLANs.

      Note, for example, that the above would permit a contiguous subset
      of the campus that supported Fine Grained Labels and E-L1FS to use
      E-L1FS to advertise IL and LG sub-TLVs even if the remainder of
      the campus did not support Fine Grained Labels or E-L1FS.

8.2 Control Packet Priorities (New)

   When deciding what packet to send out a port, control packets used to
   establish and maintain adjacency between TRILL switches SHOULD be
   treated as being in the highest priority category. This includes
   TRILL IS-IS Hello and MTU PDUs and possibly other adjacency [RFC7177]

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   or link technology specific packets. Other control and data packets
   SHOULD be given lower priority so that a flood of such other packets
   cannot lead to loss of or inability to establish adjacency. Loss of
   adjacency causes a topology transient that can result in reduced
   throughput, reordering, increased probability of loss of multi-
   destination data, and, if the adjacency is a cut point, network
   partitioning.

   Other important control packets should be given second highest
   priority. Lower priorities should be given to data or less important
   control packets.

   Control packets can be ordered into priority classes as shown below.
   Although few implementations will actually treat all of these classes
   differently, higher numbered classes SHOULD NOT be treated as higher
   priority than lower numbered class. There may be additional control
   packets, not specifically listed in any category below, that SHOULD
   be handled as being in the most nearly analogous category.

      1. Hello, MTU-probe, MTU-ack, and other packets critical to
         establishing and maintaining adjacency.

      2. LSPs, CSNP/PSNPs, and other important control packets,

      3. Circuit scoped FS-LSP, FS-CSNP, and FS-PSNPs.

      4. Non-circuit scoped FS-LSP, FS-CSNP, and FS-PSNPs.

8.3 Unknown PDUs (New)

   TRILL switches MUST silently discard [IS-IS] PDUs they receive with
   PDU numbers they do not understand, just as they ignore TLVs and sub-
   TLVs they receive that have unknown Types and sub-Types; however,
   they SHOULD maintain a counter of how many such PDUs have been
   received, on a per PDU number basis. (This is not burdensome as the
   PDU number is only a 5-bit field.)

      Note: The set of valid [IS-IS] PDUs was stable for so long that
         some IS-IS implementations may treat PDUs with unknown PDU
         numbers as a serious error and, for example, an indication that
         other valid PDUs from the sender are not to be trusted or that
         they should drop adjacency to the sender if it was adjacent.
         However, the MTU-probe and MTU-ack PDUs were added by [RFC7176]
         and now [RFC7356] has added three more new PDUs.  While the
         authors of this document are not aware of any Internet drafts
         calling for further PDUs, the eventual addition of further new
         PDUs should not be surprising.

D. Eastlake, et al                                             [Page 27]
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8.4 Nickname Flags APPsub-TLV (New)

   An optional Nickname Flags APPsub-TLV within the TRILL GENINFO TLV
   [RFC7357] is specified below.

        0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12 13 14 15
      +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
      |   Type = NickFlags (#tbd2)                    |
      +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
      |   Length = 4*K                                |
      +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
      |   NICKFLAG RECORD 1                           |
      +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
       ...
      +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
      |   NICKFLAG RECORD K                           |
      +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+

      Where each NICKFLAG RECORD has the following format:

      +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
      |   Nickname                                    |
      +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
      |IN|      RESV                                  |
      +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+

      o  Type: NickFlags TRILL APPsub-TLV, set to tbd2 (NICKFLAGS)

      o  Length: 4 times the number of NICKFLAG RECORDS present.

      o  Nickname: A 16-bit TRILL nickname held by the advertising TRILL
         switch ([RFC6325] and Section 4).

      o  IN: Ingress. If this flag is one, it indicates the advertising
         TRILL switch may use the nickname in the NICKFLAG RECORD as the
         ingress nickname of TRILL Headers it creates. If the flag is
         zero, that nickname will not be used for that purpose.

      o  RESV: Reserved for additional flags to be specified in the
         future.  MUST be sent as zero and ignored on receipt.

   A NICKFLAG RECORD is ignored if the nickname it lists is not a
   nickname owned by the TRILL switch advertising the enclosing
   NickFlags APPsub-TLV.

   If a TRILL switch intends to use a nickname in the ingress nickname
   field of TRILL Headers it constructs, it can advertise this through
   E-L1FS FS-LSPs (see Section 8.1) using a NickFlags APPsub-TLV entry
   with the IN flag set. If it owns only one nickname, there is no
   reason to do this because, if a TRILL switch advertises no NickFlags

D. Eastlake, et al                                             [Page 28]
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   APPsub-TLVs with the IN flag set for nicknames it owns, it is assumed
   that the TRILL switch might use any or all nicknames it owns as the
   ingress nickname in TRILL Headers it constructs.

   Every reasonable effort should be made to be sure that Nickname sub-
   TLVs [RFC7176] and NickFlags APPsub-TLVs remain in sync. If all TRILL
   switches in a campus support E-L1FS, so that Nickname sub-TLVs can be
   advertised in E-L1FS FS-LSPs, then the Nickname sub-TLV and any
   NickFlags APP-subTLVs for any particular nickname should be
   advertised in the same fragment. If they are not in the same fragment
   then, to the extent practical, all fragments involving those sub-TLVs
   for the same nickname should be propagated as an atomic action. If a
   TRILL switch sees multiple NickFlags APPsub-TLV entries for the same
   nickname, it assumes that nickname might be used as the ingress in a
   TRILL Header if any of the NickFlags APPsub-TLV entries have the IN
   bit set.

   It is possible that a NickFlags APPsub-TLV would not be propagated
   throughout the TRILL campus due to legacy TRILL switches not
   supporting E-L1FS. In that case, Nickname sub-TLVs must be advertised
   in LSPs and TRILL switches not receiving NickFlags APPsub-TLVs having
   entries with the IN flag set will simply assume that the source TRILL
   switch might use any of its nicknames as ingress in constructing
   TRILL Headers. Thus the use of this optional APPsub-TLV is backwards
   compatible with legacy lack of E-L!FS support.

   Additional flags may be assigned for other purposes out of the RESV
   field for other purposes in the future.

8.5 Graceful Restart (Unchanged)

   TRILL Switches SHOULD support the features specified in [RFC5306],
   which describes a mechanism for a restarting IS-IS router to signal
   to its neighbors that it is restarting, allowing them to reestablish
   their adjacencies without cycling through the down state, while still
   correctly initiating link-state database synchronization. If this
   feature is not supported, it may increase the number of topology
   transients cause by a TRILL switch rebooting due to errors or
   maintenance.

D. Eastlake, et al                                             [Page 29]
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9. Updates to [RFC7177] (Adjacency) [Changed)

   To support the E-L1FS flooding scope [RFC7356] mandated by Section
   8.1 and backwards compatibility with legacy RBridges not supporting
   E-L1FS flooding, the following updates are made to [RFC7177]:

   1. The list in the second paragraph of [RFC7177] Section 3.1 has the
      following item added:

      -  The Scoped Flooding Support TLV.

   In addition, the sentence immediately after that list is modified to
      read as follows:

      Of course, the priority, Desired Designated VLAN, Scoped Flooding
      Support TLV, and possibly the inclusion or value of the PORT-
      TRILL-VER sub-TLV, and/or BFD-Enabled TLV can change on occasion,
      but then the new value(s) must similarly be used in all TRILL
      Hellos on the LAN port, regardless of VLAN.

   2. An additional bullet item is added to the end of Section 3.2 of
      [RFC7177] as follows:

      o  The value from the Scoped Flooding Support TLV or a null string
         if none was included.

   3. Near the bottom of Section 3.3 of [RFC7177] a bullet item as
      follows is added:

      o  The variable length value part of the Scoped Flooding Support
         TLV in the Hello or a null string if that TLV does not occur in
         the Hello.

   4. At the beginning of Section 4 of [RFC7177], a bullet item is added
      to the list as follows:

      o  The variable length value part of the Scoped Flooding Support
         TLV used in TRILL Hellos sent on the port.

D. Eastlake, et al                                             [Page 30]
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10. TRILL Header Update (New)

   The TRILL header has been updated from its original specification in
   [RFC6325] by [TRILL-OAM-FM] and [RFC7179] and is further updated by
   this document.  The TRILL header is now as show below and is followed
   by references for all of the fields. Those fields for which the
   reference is only to [RFC6325] are unchanged from that RFC.

                                   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
                                   | V |A|C|M| RESV  |F| Hop Count |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |   Egress Nickname             |   Ingress Nickname            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   :   Optional Flag Word                                          :
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   In calculating a TRILL data packet hash as part of equal-cost multi-
   path selection, a TRILL switch MUST ignore the value of the "A" and
   "C" bits. In [RFC6325] and [RFC7179] the RESV and F fields above
   together constituted the "Ex-Length" or TRILL Header Extensions
   Length field.

   o  V (Version): 2-bit unsigned integer. See Section 3.2 of [RFC6325].

   o  A (Alert): 1 bit. See [TRILL-OAM-FM].

   o  C (Color): 1 bit. See Section 10.1.

   o  M (Multi-destination): 1 bit. See Section 3.4 of [RFC6325].

   o  RESV: 4 bits. These bits are reserved and MUST be sent as zero.
      They SHOULD be ignored on receipt; however, due to their previous
      use as specified in [RFC6325], some TRILL fast path harware
      implementations trap and do not forward TRILL Data packets with
      these bits non-zero.

   o  F: 1 bit. If this field is non-zero, then the optional Flag Word
      described in Section 10.2 is present. If it is zero, the Flag Word
      is not prsent.

   o  Hop Count: 6 bits. See Section 3.6 of [RFC6325] and Section 10.2.1
      below.

   o  Egress Nickname. See Section 3.7.1 of [RFC6325].

   o  Ingress Nickname. See Section 3.7.2 of [RFC6325].

   o  Optional Flag Word: See [RFC7179] and Section 10.2.

D. Eastlake, et al                                             [Page 31]
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10.1 Color Bit

   The Color bit provides an optional way by which ingress TRILL
   switches MAY mark TRILL Data packets for implementation specific
   purposes. Transit TRILL switches MUST NOT change this bit. Transit
   and egress TRILL switches MAY use the Color bit for implementation
   dependent traffic labeling or statistical or other traffic study or
   analysis.

10.2 Flag Word Changes (update to [RFC7179])

   When the extension length field is non-zero, the first 32 bits after
   the Ingress nickname field provides additional flags. These bits are
   as specified in [RFC7179] except as changed by the subsections below
   that provide extended Hop Count and extended Color fields. See
   Section 10.3 for a diagram and summary of these fields.

10.2.1 Extended Hop Count

   The TRILL base protocol [RFC6325] specifies the Hop Count field in
   the header, to avoid packets persisting in the network due to looping
   or the like. However, the Hop Count field size (6 bits) limits the
   maximum hops a TRILL data packet can traverse to 64. Optionally,
   TRILL switches can use a field composed of bits 14 through 16 in the
   Flag Word, as specified below. to extend this field to 9 bits. This
   increases the maximum Hop Count to 512. Use of Hop Counts in excess
   of 64 requires support of this optional capability at all TRILL
   switches along the path of a TRILL Data packet.

10.2.1.1 Advertising Support

   In case of a TRILL campus such that the unicast calculated path, plus
   a reasonable allowance for alternate pathing, or the distribution
   tree calculated path, traverse more than 64 hops, it may be that not
   all the TRILL switches support the extended Hop Count mechanism. As
   such it is required that TRILL switches advertise their support by
   setting bit 14 in the TRILL Version Sub-TLV Capabilities and Header
   Flags Supported field [RFC7176]; bits 15 and 16 of that field are now
   specified as Unassigned (see Section 11.2.5).

D. Eastlake, et al                                             [Page 32]
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10.2.1.2 Ingress Behavior

   If an ingress TRILL switch determines it should set the hop count for
   a TRILL Data packet to 63 or less, then behavior is as specified in
   the TRILL base protocol [RFC6325]. If hop count for a TRILL Data
   packet should be set to some value greater than 63 but less than 512
   and all TRILL switches that the packet is reasonably likely to
   encounter support extended Hop Count, then the resulting TRILL Header
   has the Flag Word extension present, the high order three bits of the
   desired hop count are stored in the extended Hop Count field in the
   Flag Word, the five low order bits are stored in the Hop Count filed
   in the first word of the TRILL Header, and bit two (the Critical
   Reserved bit of the Critical Summary Bits) in the Flag Word is set.

   For known unicast traffic (TRILL Header M bit zero), when an ingress
   TRILL switch determines that the least cost path to the egress is
   more than 64 hops but not all TRILL switches on that path support the
   extended Hop Count feature, the frame is discarded.

   For multi-destination traffic, when a TRILL switch determines that
   one or more tree path from the ingress it more than 64 hops but not
   all TRILL switches in the campus support the extended Hop Count
   feature, the encapsulation uses a total Hop Count of 63 to obtain at
   least partial distribution of the traffic.

10.2.1.3 Transit Behavior

   A transit TRILL switch supporting extended Hop Count behaves like a
   base protocol [RFC6325] TRILL switch in decrementing the hop count
   except that it considers the hop count to be a 9 bit file where the
   extended Hop Count field consistutes the high order three bits.

   To be more precise: a TRILL switch supporting extended Hop Count
   takes the first of the following actions that is applicable:

   1. If both the Hop Count and extended Hop Count fields are zero, the
      packet is discarded.

   2. If the Hop Count is non-zero, it is decremented. As long as the
      extended Hop Count is non-zero, no special action is taken if the
      result of this decrement is zero and the packet is processed
      normally.

   3. If the Hop Count is zero, it is set to the maximum value of 63 and
      the extended Hop Count is decremented.

D. Eastlake, et al                                             [Page 33]
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10.2.1.4 Egress Behavior

   No special behavior is required when egressing a TRILL Data packet
   that uses the extended Hop Count. The Flag Word, if present, is
   removed along with the rest of the TRILL Header during decapsulation.

10.2.2 Extended Color Field

   Flag Word bits 27 and 28 are specified to be a two-bit Extended Color
   field (see Section 10.3). These bits are in the non-critical ingress-
   to-egress region of the Flag Word.

   The Extended Color field provides an optional way by which ingress
   TRILL switches MAY mark TRILL Data packets for implementation
   specific purposes. Transit TRILL switches MUST NOT change this bit.
   Transit and egress TRILL switches MAY use the Color bit for
   implementation dependent traffic labeling or statistical or other
   traffic study or analysis.

   As provided in Section 2.3.1 of [RFC7176], support for these bits is
   indicated by the same bits (27 and 28) in the Capabilities and Header
   Flags Supported field of the TRILL Version Sub-TLV. In the spirit of
   indicating support, a TRILL switch that sets or senses the Extended
   Color field SHOULD set the corresponding 2-bit field in the TRILL
   Version Sub-TLV non-zero. The meaning of the possible non-zero values
   (1, 2 or 3) is implementation dependent.

10.3 Updated Flag Word Summary

   With the changes above, the 32-bit Flag Word extension to the TRILL
   Header [RFC7179], appearing as the "TRILL Extended Header Flags"
   registry on the TRILL Parameters IANA web page, is now as follows:

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |Crit.|  CHbH   |   NCHbH   |CRSV | NCRSV |   CItE    |  NCItE  |
   |.....|.........|...........|.....|.......|...........|.........|
   |C|C|C|       |C|N|         | Ext |       |           |Ext|     |
   |R|R|R|       |R|C|         | Hop |       |           |Clr|     |
   |H|I|R|       |C|C|         | Cnt |       |           |   |     |
   |b|t|s|       |A|A|         |     |       |           |   |     |
   |H|E|v|       |F|F|         |     |       |           |   |     |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Bit 0 to 2 are the Critical Summary bits as specified in [RFC7179]

D. Eastlake, et al                                             [Page 34]
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   consisting of the Critical Hop-by-Hop, Critical Ingres-to-Egress, and
   Critical Reserved bits, respectively. The next two fields are
   specific Critical and Non-Critical Hop-by-Hop bits, CHbH and NCHbH,
   respectively, containing the Critical and Non-Critical Channel Alert
   flags as specified in [RFC7179]. The next field is the Critical
   Reserved bits (CRSV) that are specified herein to be the Extended Hop
   Count. Then the Non-Critical Reserved Bits (NCRSV) and the Critical
   Ingress-to-Egress bits (CITE) as specified in [RFC7179]. Finally,
   there is the Non-Critical Ingress-to-Egress field, the top two bits
   of which are specified herein as the Extended Color field.

D. Eastlake, et al                                             [Page 35]
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11. IANA Considerations (Changed)

   This section give IANA actions previously completed and newly
   requested IANA actions.

11.1 Previously Completed IANA Actions (Unchanged)

   The following IANA actions were completed as part of [RFC7180] and
   are included here for completeness, since this document obsoletes
   [RFC7180].

   1. The nickname 0xFFC1, which was reserved by [RFC6325], is allocated
      for use in the TRILL Header Egress Nickname field to indicate an
      OOMF (Overload Originated Multi-destination Frame).

   2. Bit 1 from the seven previously reserved (RESV) bits in the per-
      neighbor "Neighbor RECORD" in the TRILL Neighbor TLV [RFC7176] is
      allocated to indicate that the RBridge sending the TRILL Hello
      volunteers to provide the OOMF forwarding service described in
      Section 2.4.2 to such frames originated by the TRILL Switch whose
      SNPA (MAC address) appears in that Neighbor RECORD.  The
      description of this bit is "Offering OOMF service".

   3. Bit 0 is allocated from the Capability bits in the PORT-TRILL-VER
      sub-TLV [RFC7176] to indicate support of the VLANs Appointed sub-
      TLV [RFC7176] and the VLAN inhibition setting mechanisms specified
      in [rfc6439bis].  The description of this bit is "Hello reduction
      support".

11.2 New IANA Considerations (New)

   The following are new IANA actions for this document:

11.2.1 Reference Updated

   All references to [RFC7180] in the TRILL Parameters Registry are
   replaced with references to this document except that the Reference
   for bit 0 in the PORT-TRILL-VER Sub-TLV Capapbilty Flags is changed
   to [rfc6439bis].

D. Eastlake, et al                                             [Page 36]
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11.2.2 The 'E' Capability Bit

   IANA is requested to allocate a previously reserved capability bit in
   the TRILL Version sub-TLV carried in the Router Capability and MT
   Capability TLVs (#242, #144) to indicate support of the [RFC7356] E-
   L1FS flooding scope. This capability bit is referred to as the "E"
   bit. The following is the addition to the

        Bit     Description             References
        ----   ---------------------   ---------------
        tbd1   E-L1FS FS-LSP support   [this document][RFC7356]

11.2.3 NickFlags APPsub-TLV Number

   IANA is requested to allocate an APPsub-TLV number under the TRILL
   GENINFO TLV from the range less than 255.

        Type      Name           References
        ----    ---------       -----------
        tbd2    NICKFLAGS       [this document]

11.2.4 Update TRILL Extended Header Flags

   Update the "TRILL Extended Header Flags" registry as follows:

     Bits    Purpose                                         References
     -----   ----------------------------------------------  ----------

     14-16   Extended Hop Count                         [this document]

     27-28   Extended Color                             [this document]

     29-31   Available non-critical ingress-to-egress flags
                                              [RFC7179] [this document]

11.2.5 TRILL-VER Sub-TLV Capability Flags

   Update the "TRILL-VER Sub-TLV Capapbility Flags" registry as follows:

D. Eastlake, et al                                             [Page 37]
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      Bit    Description                   Reference
     -----  --------------------------    ----------------

        14  Extended Hop Count support     [this document]

     15-16  Unassigned                     [this document]

     27-28  Extended Color support         [this document]

     29-31  Extended header flag support   [RFC7179] [this document]

D. Eastlake, et al                                             [Page 38]
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12. Security Considerations (Changed)

   This memo improves the documentation of the TRILL protocol, corrects
   five errata in [RFC6325], updates [RFC6325], [RFC7177], and [RFC7179]
   and obsoletes [RFC7180].

   It does not change the Security Considerations of these RFCs to which
   the reader is referred. {{ Probably need to say more than this. }}

D. Eastlake, et al                                             [Page 39]
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Acknowledgements

   The contributions of the following individuals to this document are
   gratefully acknowledged:

      Santosh Rajagopalan

   The contributions of the following, listed in alphabetic order, to
   the preceding version of this document, [RFC7180], are gratefully
   acknowledged:

      Somnath Chatterjee, Weiguo Hao, Rakesh Kumar, Yizhou Li, Radia
      Perlman, Mike Shand, Meral Shirazipour, and Varun Shah.

D. Eastlake, et al                                             [Page 40]
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Normative References

   [802.1Q-2011] - IEEE, "IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area
         networks -- Media Access Control (MAC) Bridges and Virtual
         Bridged Local Area Networks", IEEE Std 802.1Q-2011, August
         2011.

   [IS-IS] - International Organization for Standardization,
         "Intermediate System to Intermediate System intra-domain
         routeing information exchange protocol for use in conjunction
         with the protocol for providing the connectionless-mode network
         service (ISO 8473)", Second Edition, November 2002.

   [RFC2119] - Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
         Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [RFC5305] - Li, T. and H. Smit, "IS-IS Extensions for Traffic
         Engineering", RFC 5305, October 2008.

   [RFC5306] - Shand, M. and L. Ginsberg, "Restart Signaling for IS-IS",
         RFC 5306, October 2008.

   [RFC6325] - Perlman, R., Eastlake 3rd, D., Dutt, D., Gai, S., and A.
         Ghanwani, "Routing Bridges (RBridges): Base Protocol
         Specification", RFC 6325, July 2011.

   [RFC6361] - Carlson, J. and D. Eastlake 3rd, "PPP Transparent
         Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL) Protocol Control
         Protocol", RFC 6361, August 2011.

   [RFC7172] - Eastlake 3rd, D., Zhang, M., Agarwal, P., Perlman, R.,
         and D. Dutt, "Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links
         (TRILL): Fine-Grained Labeling", RFC 7172, May 2014.

   [RFC7176] - Eastlake 3rd, D., Senevirathne, T., Ghanwani, A., Dutt,
         D., and A. Banerjee, "Transparent Interconnection of Lots of
         Links (TRILL) Use of IS-IS", RFC 7176, May 2014.

   [RFC7177] - Eastlake 3rd, D., Perlman, R., Ghanwani, A., Yang, H.,
         and V. Manral, "Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links
         (TRILL): Adjacency", RFC 7177, May 2014.

   [RFC7179] - Eastlake 3rd, D., Ghanwani, A., Manral, V., Li, Y., and
         C. Bestler, "Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links
         (TRILL): Header Extension", RFC 7179, May 2014,
         <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7179>.

   [RFC7356] - Ginsberg, L., Previdi, S., and Y. Yang, "IS-IS Flooding
         Scope Link State PDUs (LSPs)", RFC 7356, September 2014,
         <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7356>.

D. Eastlake, et al                                             [Page 41]
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Informative References

   [802] - IEEE 802, "IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area
         networks: Overview and Architecture", IEEE Std 802.1-2001, 8
         March 2002.

   [Err3002] - RFC Errata, Errata ID 3002, RFC 6325, <http://www.rfc-
         editor.org>.

   [Err3003] - RFC Errata, Errata ID 3003, RFC 6325, <http://www.rfc-
         editor.org>.

   [Err3004] - RFC Errata, Errata ID 3004, RFC 6325, <http://www.rfc-
         editor.org>.

   [Err3052] - RFC Errata, Errata ID 3052, RFC 6325, <http://www.rfc-
         editor.org>.

   [Err3053] - RFC Errata, Errata ID 3053, RFC 6325, <http://www.rfc-
         editor.org>.

   [Err3508] - RFC Errata, Errata ID 3508, RFC 6325, <http://rfc-
         editor.org>.

   [RFC4086] - Eastlake 3rd, D., Schiller, J., and S. Crocker,
         "Randomness Requirements for Security", BCP 106, RFC 4086, June
         2005, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4086>.

   [RFC6327] - Eastlake 3rd, D., Perlman, R., Ghanwani, A., Dutt, D.,
         and V. Manral, "Routing Bridges (RBridges): Adjacency", RFC
         6327, July 2011, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6327>.

   [RFC6439] - Perlman, R., Eastlake, D., Li, Y., Banerjee, A., and F.
         Hu, "Routing Bridges (RBridges): Appointed Forwarders", RFC
         6439, November 2011, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6439>.

   [RFC7042] - Eastlake 3rd, D. and J. Abley, "IANA Considerations and
         IETF Protocol and Documentation Usage for IEEE 802 Parameters",
         BCP 141, RFC 7042, October 2013.

   [RFC7175] - Manral, V., Eastlake 3rd, D., Ward, D., and A. Banerjee,
         "Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL):
         Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) Support", RFC 7175,
         May 2014.

   [RFC7178] - Eastlake 3rd, D., Manral, V., Li, Y., Aldrin, S., and D.
         Ward, "Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL):
         RBridge Channel Support", RFC 7178, May 2014.

   [RFC7180] - Eastlake 3rd, D., Zhang, M., Ghanwani, A., Manral, V.,

D. Eastlake, et al                                             [Page 42]
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         and A. Banerjee, "Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links
         (TRILL): Clarifications, Corrections, and Updates", RFC 7180,
         May 2014.

   [RFC7357] - Zhai, H., Hu, F., Perlman, R., Eastlake 3rd, D., and O.
         Stokes, "Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL):
         End Station Address Distribution Information (ESADI) Protocol",
         RFC 7357, September 2014, <http://www.rfc-
         editor.org/info/rfc7357>.

   [RFC7379] - Li, Y., Hao, W., Perlman, R., Hudson, J., and H. Zhai,
         "Problem Statement and Goals for Active-Active Connection at
         the Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL) Edge",
         RFC 7379, October 2014, <http://www.rfc-
         editor.org/info/rfc7379>.

   [TRILL-OAM-FM] - Senevirathen, T., "TRILL Fault Management", draft-
         ietf-trill-oam-fm, work in progress.

   [rfc6439bis] - Eastlake, D., et al., "TRILL: Appointed Forwarders",
         draft-eastlake-trill-rfc6439bis, work in progress.

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Appendix A: Life Cycle of a TRILL Switch Port (New)

   The contents of this informational Appendix are based on
   http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/trill/current/msg06355.html

   Question: Suppose we are developing a TRILL implementation to run on
      different machines. Then what happens 1st? Is LSP or ESADI
      started first? -> Link state database creation -> Designated
      RBridge election (How to set priority? any fixed process that
      depends on user settings?  ) -> etc. ?

   Answer:

      The first thing that happens on a port/link is any link set-up
      that is needed. For example, on a PPP link [RFC6361], you need to
      negotiate that you will be using TRILL. However, if you have
      Ethernet links [RFC6325], which are probably the most common type,
      there isn't any link set-up needed.

      Then TRILL IS-IS Hellos get sent out the port to be exchanged on
      the link [RFC7177].  Optionally, you might also exchange MTU-
      probe/ack PDUs [RFC7177], BFD PDUs [RFC7175], or other link test
      packets. But all these other things are optional. Only Hellos are
      required.

      TRILL doesn't send anything else on the link until the link gets
      out of the Down or Detect states [RFC7177].

      If a link is configured as a point-to-point link, there is no
      Designated RBridge (DRB) election. By default, an Ethernet link is
      considered a LAN link and the DRB election occurs when the link is
      in any state other than Down.  You don't have to configure
      priorities for each TRILL switch (RBridge) to be Designated
      RBridge (DRB). Things will work fine with all the RBridges on a
      link using default priority. But if the network manager wants to
      control this, they should be a way for them to configure the
      priority to be DRB of the TRILL switch ports on the link.

      (To avoid complexity, this appendix generally describes things for
      a link that only has two TRILL switches on it. But TRILL works
      fine as currently specified on a broadcast link with multiple
      TRILL switches on it - actually multiple TRILL switch ports since
      a TRILL switch can have multiple ports connected to the same link.
      The most likely way to get such a multi-access link with current
      technology and the existing TRILL standards is to have more than 2
      TRILL switch Ethernet ports connected to a bridged LAN. Since the
      TRILL protocol operates above all bridging, to the first
      approximation the bridge LAN looks like a transparent broadcast
      link to TRILL.)

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      When a link gets to the 2-Way or Report state, then LSP, CSNP, and
      PSNP PDUs start to flow on the link (as well as FS-LSPs, FS-CSNPs,
      and FS-PSNPs for E-L1FS (see Section 8.1)).

      When a link gets to the Report state, then there is adjacency. The
      existence of that adjacency is flooded (reported) to the campus in
      LSPs. TRILL data packets can then start to flow on the link as
      TRILL switches recalculate the least cost paths and distribution
      trees to take the new adjacency into account. Until it gets to the
      Report state, there is no adjacency and no TRILL data packets can
      flow over that link (with the minor corner case exception that an
      RBridge Channel message can, for its first hop only, be sent on a
      port where there is no adjacency (Section 2.4 of [RFC7178]).
      (Although this paragraph seems to be talking about link state, it
      is actually port state. It is possible for different TRILL switch
      ports on the same link to temporarily be in different states. The
      adjacency state machinery runs independently on each port.)

      ESADI [RFC7357] is built on top of the regular TRILL Data routing.
      Since ESADI PDUs look, to transit TRILL switches, like regular
      TRILL data packets, no ESADI PDUs can flow until adjacencies are
      established and TRILL data is flowing. Of course, ESADI is
      optional and is not used unless configured...

   Question: Does it require TRILL Full headers at the time TRILL-LSPs
      start being broadcast on a link? Because at that time it's not
      defined Egress and Ingress nicknames.

   Answer:

      TRILL Headers are only for TRILL Data packets. TRILL IS-IS
      packets, such as TRILL-LSPs, are sent in a different way that does
      not use a TRILL Header and does not depend on nicknames.

      Probably, in most implementations, a TRILL switch will start up
      using the same nickname it had when it shut down or last got
      disconnected from a campus. If you want, you can implement TRILL
      to come up initially not reporting any nickname (by not including
      an Nickname sub-TLV in its LSPs) until you get the link state
      database or most of the link state database, and then choose a
      nickname no other TRILL switch in the campus is using. Of course,
      if a TRILL switch does not have a nickname, then it cannot ingress
      data, cannot egress known unicast data, and cannot be a tree root.

      TRILL IS-IS and LSPs and the link state database all work based on
      the 7-byte IS-IS System-ID (sometimes called the LAN ID). System-
      IDs always have to be unique across the campus so there is no
      problem determining topology regardless of nickname state. The
      Nickname system is built on top of that.

D. Eastlake, et al                                             [Page 45]
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Appendix B: Example TRILL PDUs (New)

   [Three for four example PDUs to be included here to help answer any
   questions about bit ordering or the like.]

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Appendix C: Appointed Forwarder Status Lost Couter (New)

   This appendix is derived from http://www.ietf.org/mail-
   archive/web/trill/current/msg05279.html.

   Strict conformance to the provisions of Section 4.8.3 of [RFC6325] on
   the value of the Appointed Forwarder Status Lost Counter can result
   in splitting of Interested VLANs and Spanning Tree Roots sub-TLVs
   [RFC7176], or the corresponding Interested Lables sub-TLVs, due to
   minor/accidental differences in the counter value for different VLANs
   or FGLs.

   This counter is a mechanism to optimize data plane learning by
   trimming the expiration timer for learned addresses on a per VLAN/FGL
   basis under some circumstances. Note the following:

   (1) If an implementer don't care about that optimization and don't
       mind some time outs being longer than they otherwise would be,
       you can just not bother changing the counter, even if you are
       using data plane learning. On the other hand, if you don't care
       about sone time outs being shortened when they otherwise
       wouldn't, you could increment the counter for multiple VLANs even
       you don't lose AF status on a port for all those VLANS but, for
       example, only one of them.

   (2) If you are relying on ESADI [RFC7357] or Directory Assist
       [RFC7379] and not learning from the data plane, the counter
       doesn't matter and there really isn't any need to increment it.

   (3) If an RBridge port has been configured with the "disable end
       station traffic" bit on (also known as the trunk bit), then it
       makes no difference if that port is appointed forwarder or not
       even though, according to the standard, the Appointed Forwarder
       selection mechanism continues to operate. So, under such
       circumstances, there is no reason to increment the counter if
       such a port loses Appointed Forwarder status.

   (4) If you are updating the counter, incrementing it by more than one
       (even up to incrementing it by a couple of hundred), so that it
       matches the counter for some adjacent VLAN for the same RBridge
       would have an extremely small probability of causing any sub-
       optimization and, if it did, that sub-optimization would just be
       to occasionally fail to specially decrease the time out for some
       learned addresses.

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Appendix D: Changes from [RFC7180]

   This informational Appendix summarizes the changes, augmentations,
   and excisions this document makes to [RFC7180].

D.1 Changes

   For each heading in this document ending with "(Changed)", this
   section summarizes how it was changed:

   Section 1, Introduction: numerous changes to reflect the overall
      changes in contents.

   Section 1.1, Precedence: changed to add mention of [RFC7179].

   Section 1.3, Terminology and Acronyms: numerous terms added.

   Section 3, Distribution Trees and RPF Check: changed by the addition
      of the new material in Section 3.6. See C.2 item 1.

   Section 8, Other IS-IS Considerations: Changed by the addition of
      Sections 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, and 8.4. See Appendix C.2 items 2, 3, 4,
      and 5 respectively.

   Section 9, Updates to [RFC7177] (Adjacency): Changes and additions to
      [RFC7177] to support E-L1FS. See Appendix C.2, item 2.

   Section 11, IANA Considerations: changed by the addition of material
      in Section 11.2. See Appendix C.2, item 7.

   Section 12, Security Considerations: minor changes in the RFCs
      listed.

D.2 Additions

   The following material was added to [RFC7180] in producing this
   document:

   1. Addition of support for an alternative Reverse Path Forwarding
      Check (RPFC) along with considerations for deciding between the
      original [RFC6325] RPFC and this alternative RPFC. This
      alternative RPFC was originally discussed on the TRILL WG mailing
      list in http://www.ietf.org/mail-
      archive/web/trill/current/msg01852.html and subsequent messages.
      (Section 3.6)

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   2. Addition of mandatory E-L1FS [RFC7356] support (Section 8.1,
      Section 9).

   3. Recommendations concerning control packet priorities. (Section
      8.2)

   4. Implementation requirements concerning unknown IS-IS PDU types
      (Section 8.3).

   5. Specification of an optional Nickname Flags APPsub-TLV and an
      ingress flag within that APPsub-TLV. (Section 8.4)

   6. Update TRILL Header to allocate a Color bit (Section 10.1) and
      update the optional TRILL Header Extension Flag Word to allocate a
      two-bit Extended Color field (Section 10.2).

   7. Some new IANA Considerations in Section 11.2.

   8. Informative Appendix A and C on the Lifecycle of a TRILL Port and
      the Appointed Forwarder Status Lost Counter, respectively.

   9. Appendix B with example TRILL PDUs.

D.3 Deletions

   The following material was deleted from [RFC7180] in producing this
   document:

   1. Removal of all updates to [RFC6327] that occurred in [RFC7180].
      These have been rolled into [RFC7177] that obsoletes [RFC6327].
      However, new updates to [RFC7177] are included (see Item 1 in
      Section A.1).

   2. Removal of all updates to [RFC6439]. These have been rolled into
      [rfc6439bis] that will obsolete [RFC6439].

D. Eastlake, et al                                             [Page 49]
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Appendix Z: Change History

   This appendix lists version changes in this document.

D. Eastlake, et al                                             [Page 50]
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Authors' Addresses

   Donald Eastlake 3rd
   Huawei Technology
   155 Beaver Street
   Milford, MA 01757 USA

   Phone: +1-508-333-2270
   EMail: d3e3e3@gmail.com

   Mingui Zhang
   Huawei Technologies
   No. 156 Beiqing Rd. Haidian District,
   Beijing 100095
   P.R. China

   EMail: zhangmingui@huawei.com

   Radia Perlman
   EMC
   2010 256th Avenue NE, #200
   Bellevue, WA 98007 USA

   Email: radia@alum.mit.edu

   Ayan Banerjee
   Cisco

   EMail: ayabaner@cisco.com

   Anoop Ghanwani
   Dell
   5450 Great America Parkway
   Santa Clara, CA  95054 USA

   EMail: anoop@alumni.duke.edu

   Sujay Gupta
   IP Infusion,
   RMZ Centennial
   Mahadevapura Post
   Bangalore - 560048 India

   EMail: sujay.gupta@ipinfusion.com

D. Eastlake, et al                                             [Page 51]
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Copyright and IPR Provisions

   Copyright (c) 2014 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors. All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document. Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

D. Eastlake, et al                                             [Page 52]