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Generic Aggregation of Resource ReSerVation Protocol (RSVP) for IPv4 And IPv6 Reservations over PCN domains
draft-ietf-tsvwg-rsvp-pcn-07

The information below is for an old version of the document.
Document Type
This is an older version of an Internet-Draft that was ultimately published as RFC 7417.
Authors Georgios Karagiannis , Anurag Bhargava
Last updated 2013-10-20
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Responsible AD Spencer Dawkins
Send notices to tsvwg-chairs@tools.ietf.org, draft-ietf-tsvwg-rsvp-pcn@tools.ietf.org
draft-ietf-tsvwg-rsvp-pcn-07
Internet Engineering Task Force                     Georgios Karagiannis
Internet-Draft                                      University of Twente
Intended status: Experimental                         Anurag Bhargava
Expires: April 21, 2014                              Cisco Systems, Inc.
                                                      October 21, 2013

        Generic Aggregation of Resource ReSerVation Protocol (RSVP) 
              for IPv4 And IPv6 Reservations over PCN domains    
                     draft-ietf-tsvwg-rsvp-pcn-07

Abstract

   This document specifies extensions to Generic Aggregated RSVP  
   [RFC4860] for support of the PCN Controlled Load (CL) and Single 
   Marking (SM) edge behaviors over a Diffserv cloud using Pre-
   Congestion Notification. 
   

Status of this Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on April 21, 2014.
   

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Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2013 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Requirements Language

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].

Table of Contents
1.  Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 
   1.1. Objective   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
   1.2. Overview and Motivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
   1.3. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
   1.4. Organization of This Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.  Overview of RSVP extensions and Operations . . . . . . . . . . .  11 
2.1. Overview of RSVP Aggregation Procedures in PCN domains . . . . . 11 
2.2. PCN Marking and encoding and transport of pre-congestion 
     Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13 
2.3. Traffic Classification Within The Aggregation Region . . . . . . 13 
2.4. Deaggregator (PCN-egress-node) Determination . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.5. Mapping E2E Reservations Onto Aggregate Reservations . . . . . . 14 
2.6  Size of Aggregate Reservations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 
2.7. E2E Path ADSPEC update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 
2.8. Intra-domain Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
2.9.  Inter-domain Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.10. Reservations for Multicast Sessions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.11. Multi-level Aggregation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.12. Reliability Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  15
2.13.  Message Integrity and Node Authentication . . . . . . . . . .  16
3. Elements of Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  16 
3.1.  Receipt of E2E Path Message By PCN-ingress-node 
     (aggregating router) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 
3.2.  Handling Of E2E Path Message By Interior Routers . . . . . . .  17 
3.3.  Receipt of E2E Path Message By PCN-egress-node 
     (deaggregating router) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.4.  Initiation of new Aggregate Path Message By PCN-ingress-node 
      (Aggregating Router) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  18 
3.5.  Handling Of new Aggregate Path Message By Interior Routers . .  18 
3.6.  Handling of E2E Resv Message by Deaggregating Router . . . . .  18 
3.7.  Handling Of E2E Resv Message By Interior Routers . . . . . . .  18 
3.8. Initiation of New Aggregate Resv Message By Deaggregating Router 19

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3.9.  Handling of Aggregate Resv Message by Interior Routers . . . .  18 
3.10.  Handling of E2E Resv Message by Aggregating Router . . . . . . 19 
3.11.  Handling of Aggregated Resv Message by Aggregating Router . .  19 
3.12.  Removal of E2E Reservation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 
3.13.  Removal of Aggregate Reservation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
3.14.  Handling of Data On Reserved E2E Flow by Aggregating Router .  20 
3.15.  Procedures for Multicast Sessions . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  21
3.16.  Misconfiguration of PCN node  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  21
4.  Protocol Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 
4.1 PCN object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  21 
5.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 
6.  IANA Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  26 
7.  Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
8.  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  27 
9.  Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  27 
10. Appendix A: Example Signaling Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  28
11.  Authors' Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

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1.  Introduction

1.1 Objective

   Pre-Congestion Notification (PCN) can support the quality of service 
   (QoS) of inelastic flows within a Diffserv domain in a simple, 
   scalable, and robust fashion.  Two mechanisms are used: admission 
   control and flow termination.  Admission control is used to decide 
   whether to admit or block a new flow request, while flow termination 
   is used in abnormal circumstances to decide whether to terminate some 
   of the existing flows.  To support these two features, the overall 
   rate of PCN-traffic is metered on every link in the domain, and PCN-
   packets are appropriately marked when certain configured rates are 
   exceeded.  These configured rates are below the rate of the link, 
   thus providing notification to boundary nodes about overloads before 
   any congestion occurs (hence "pre-congestion" notification).  The 
   PCN-egress-nodes measure the rates of differently marked PCN traffic 
   in periodic intervals and report these rates to the Decision Points 
   for admission control and flow termination; the Decision Points use 
   these rates to make decisions.  The Decision Points may be collocated 
   with the PCN-ingress-nodes, or their function may be implemented in a 
   centralized node. For more details see [RFC5559], [RFC6661], and 
   [RFC6662]. 
   
   The main objective of this document is to specify the signaling 
   protocol that can be used within a Pre-Congestion Notification (PCN) 
   domain to carry reports from a PCN-egress-node to a PCN Decision 
   point, considering that the PCN decision Point and PCN-ingress-node 
   are collocated.
   If the PCN decision point is not collocated with the PCN-ingress-node 
   then additional signaling procedures are required that are out of 
   the scope of this document. Moreover, as mentioned above this 
   architecture conforms with PBAC (Policy-Based Admission Control), 
   when decision point is located in a centralized node [RFC2753].

   Several signaling protocols can be used to carry reports from a PCN-
   egress-node to a PCN-ingress-nodes. However, since both PCN-egress-
   node and PCN-ingress-nodes are located on the data path, a signaling 
   protocol that follows the same path as the data path, like RSVP 
   (Resource Reservation Protocol), is more suited for this purpose. In 
   particular, this document specifies extensions to Generic 
   Aggregated RSVP [RFC4860] for support of the PCN Controlled Load (CL) 
   and Single Marking (SM) edge behaviors over a Diffserv cloud using 
   Pre-Congestion Notification. 
  
1.2 Overview and Motivation

   Two main Quality of Service (QoS) architectures have been specified 
   by the IETF. These are the Integrated Services (Intserv) [RFC1633]
   architecture and the Differentiated Services (DiffServ) architecture
   ([RFC2475]).

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   Intserv provides methods for the delivery of end-to-end Quality of 
   Service (QoS) to applications over heterogeneous networks. One of the 
   QoS signaling protocols used by the Intserv architecture is the 
   Resource reServation Protocol (RSVP) [RFC2205], which can be used by
   applications to request per-flow resources from the network. These 
   RSVP requests can be admitted or rejected by the network.
   Applications can express their quantifiable resource requirements 
   using Intserv parameters as defined in [RFC2211] and [RFC2212]. The 
   Controlled Load (CL) service [RFC2211] is a quality of service (QoS) 
   closely approximating the QoS that the same flow would receive from a 
   lightly loaded network element. The CL service is useful for 
   inelastic flows such as those used for real-time media. 

   The DiffServ architecture can support the differentiated treatment of 
   packets in very large scale environments. While Intserv and RSVP 
   classify packets per-flow, Diffserv networks classify packets into 
   one of a small number of aggregated flows or "classes", based on the
   Diffserv codepoint (DSCP) in the packet IP header. At each Diffserv
   router, packets are subjected to a "per-hop behavior" (PHB), which is
   invoked by the DSCP.  The primary benefit of Diffserv is its
   scalability, since the need for per-flow state and per-flow
   processing, is eliminated. 

   However, DiffServ does not include any mechanism for communication
   between applications and the network.  Several solutions have been
   specified to solve this issue. One of these solutions is Intserv over 
   Diffserv [RFC2998] including resource-based admission control (RBAC), 
   PBAC, assistance in traffic identification/classification, and 
   traffic conditioning. Intserv over Diffserv can operate over a 
   statically provisioned Diffserv region or RSVP aware. When it is RSVP 
   aware, several mechanisms may be used to support dynamic provisioning 
   and topology-aware admission control, including aggregate RSVP 
   reservations, per-flow RSVP, or a bandwidth broker.  [RFC3175] 
   specifies aggregation of Resource ReSerVation Protocol (RSVP) end-to-
   end reservations over aggregate RSVP reservations. In [RFC3175] the 
   RSVP aggregated reservation is characterized by a RSVP SESSION object 
   using the 3-tuple <source IP address, destination IP address, 
   Diffserv Code Point>.

   Several scenarios require the use of multiple generic aggregate    
   reservations that are established for a given PHB from a given source 
   IP address to a given destination IP address, see [SIG-NESTED], 
   [RFC4860]. For example, multiple generic aggregate reservations 
   can be applied in the situation that multiple e2e reservations using 
   different preemption priorities need to be aggregated through a PCN-
   domain using the same PHB. By using multiple aggregate reservations 
   for the same PHB allows enforcement of the different preemption 
   priorities within the aggregation region. This allows more efficient 
   management of the Diffserv resources, and in periods of resource 
   shortage, this allows sustainment of a larger number of E2E 
   reservations with higher preemption priorities. In particular, 
   [SIG-NESTED] discusses in detail how end-to-end RSVP reservations can 
   be established in a nested VPN environment through RSVP aggregation.

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   [RFC4860] provides generic aggregate reservations by extending    
   [RFC3175] to support multiple aggregate reservations for the same 
   source IP address, destination IP address, and PHB (or set of PHBs).
   In particular, multiple such generic aggregate reservations can be 
   established for a given PHB from a given source IP address to a given 
   destination IP address. This is achieved by adding the concept of a 
   Virtual Destination Port and of an Extended Virtual Destination Port 
   in the RSVP SESSION object. In addition to this, the RSVP SESSION 
   object for generic aggregate reservations uses the PHB Identification 
   Code (PHB-ID) defined in [RFC3140], instead of using the Diffserv 
   Code Point (DSCP) used in [RFC3175]. The PHB-ID is used to identify 
   the PHB, or set of PHBs, from which the Diffserv resources are to be 
   reserved.  

   The RSVP like signaling protocol required to carry reports from a  
   PCN-egress-node to a PCN-ingress-node needs to follow the PCN 
   signaling requirements defined in [RFC6663]. In addition to 
   that the signaling protocol functionality supported by the PCN-
   ingress-nodes and PCN-egress-nodes needs to maintain logical 
   aggregate constructs (i.e. ingress-egress-aggregate state) and be 
   able to map e2e reservations to these aggregate constructs. Moreover, 
   no actual reservation state is needed to be maintained inside the PCN 
   domain, i.e., the PCN-interior-nodes are not maintaining any 
   reservation state.

   This can be accomplished by two possible approaches:

   Approach (1):
   
     o) adapting the RFC 4860 aggregation procedures to fit the PCN 
        requirements with as little change as possible over the RFC 4860 
        functionality

     o) hence performing aggregate RSVP signaling (even if it is to be 
        ignored by PCN interior nodes)

     o) using this aggregate RSVP signaling procedures to carry PCN 
        information from PCN-egress-node to the PCN-ingress-node.

   Approach (2):

     o) adapting the RFC 4860 aggregation procedures to fit the PCN 
        requirements with more significant changes over RFC4860 (i.e. 
        the aspect of the procedures that have to do with maintaining 
        aggregate states and to do with mapping the e2e reservations to 
        aggregate constructs are kept, but the procedures that have to 
        do with the aggregate RSVP signaling and aggregate reservation 
        establishment/maintenance are dropped).  
  
     o) hence not performing aggregate RSVP signaling

     o) piggy-backing of the PCN information inside the e2e RSVP 
        signaling.

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   Both approaches are probably viable, however, since the RFC 4860 
   operations have been thoroughly studied and implemented, it can be 
   considered that the RFC 4860 solution can better deal with the more 
   challenging situations (rerouting in the PCN domain, failure of an 
   PCN-ingress-node, failure of an PCN-egress-node, rerouting towards a 
   different edge, etc.). This is the reason for choosing Approach (1) 
   for the specification of the signaling protocol used to carry 
   PCN information from the PCN-egress-node to the PCN-ingress-node. 

   In particular, this document specifies extensions to Generic 
   Aggregated RSVP [RFC4860] for support of the PCN Controlled Load (CL) 
   and Single Marking (SM) edge behaviors over a Diffserv cloud using 
   Pre-Congestion Notification. 

   This document follows the PCN signaling requirements defined in 
   [RFC6663] and specifies extensions to Generic Aggregated RSVP 
   [RFC4860] for support of PCN edge behaviors as specified in 
   [RFC6661] and [RFC6662]. Moreover, this document specifies how RSVP 
   aggregation can be used to setup and maintain: (1) Ingress Egress 
   Aggregate (IEA) states at Ingress and Egress nodes and (2) generic 
   aggregation of RSVP end-to-end RSVP reservations over PCN (Congestion 
   and Pre-Congestion Notification) domains. 

   To comply with this specification, PCN-nodes MUST be able to 
   support the functionality specified in [RFC5670], [RFC5559], 
   [RFC6660], [RFC6661], [RFC6662]. Furthermore, the PCN-boundary-nodes 
   MUST support the RSVP generic aggregated reservation procedures 
   specified in [RFC4860] which are augmented with procedures specified 
   in this document.

1.3.  Terminology 

   This document uses terms defined in [RFC4860], [RFC3175], [RFC5559], 
   [RFC5670], [RFC6661], [RFC6662].

   For readability, a number of definitions from [RFC3175] as well as
   definitions for terms used in [RFC5559], [RFC6661], and [RFC6662] are 
   provided here, where some of them are augmented with new meanings:

   Aggregator       This is the process in (or associated with) the
                    router at the ingress edge of the aggregation region
                    (with respect to the end-to-end RSVP reservation)
                    and behaving in accordance with [RFC4860].  In this
                    document, it is also the PCN-ingress-node and the 
                    decision point. It is important to notice that in 
                    the context of this document the Aggregator MUST be 
                    able to determine the Deaggregator using the 
                    procedures specified in Section 4 of [RFC4860] and 
                    in Section 1.4.2 of [RFC3175]. 

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   Deaggregator     This is the process in (or associated with) the
                    router at the egress edge of the aggregation region
                    (with respect to the end-to-end RSVP reservation)
                    and behaving in accordance with [RFC4860].  In this
                    document, it is also the PCN-egress-node. 

   E2E (or e2e)     end to end

   E2E Reservation  This is an RSVP reservation such that:

                    (i)   corresponding RSVP Path messages are initiated
                          upstream of the Aggregator and terminated
                          downstream of the Deaggregator, and

                    (ii)  corresponding RSVP Resv messages are initiated
                          downstream of the Deaggregator and terminated
                          upstream of the Aggregator, and

                    (iii) this RSVP reservation is aggregated over an
                          Ingress Egress Aggregate (IEA) between the 
                          Aggregator and Deaggregator. 
                    An E2E RSVP reservation may be a per-flow
                    reservation, which in this document is only 
                    maintained at the PCN-ingress-node and PCN-egress-
                    node. Alternatively, the E2E reservation may itself 
                    be an aggregate reservation of various types (e.g., 
                    Aggregate IP reservation, Aggregate IPsec
                    reservation, see [RFC4860]). As per regular RSVP 
                    operations, E2E RSVP  reservations are 
                    unidirectional.

   PHB-ID (Per Hop Behavior Identification Code)
                     A 16-bit field containing the Per Hop Behavior 
                     Identification Code of the PHB, or of the set of 
                     PHBs, from which Diffserv resources
                     are to be reserved.  This field MUST be encoded as 
                     specified in Section 2 of [RFC3140].

   VDstPort (Virtual Destination Port)

                     A 16-bit identifier used in the SESSION that 
                     remains constant over the life of the generic 
                     aggregate reservation.

   Extended vDstPort (Extended Virtual Destination Port)

                     An identifier used in the SESSION that remains 
                     constant over the life of the generic aggregate 
                     reservation. The length of this idenitifier is 32-
                     bits when IPv4 addresses are used and 128 bits when 
                     IPv6 addresses are used. 

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                     A sender(or Aggregator) that wishes to narrow the 
                     scope of a SESSION to the sender-receiver pair (or 
                     Aggregator-Deaggregator pair) SHOULD place its IPv4 
                     or IPv6 address here as a network unique 
                     identifier. A sender (or Aggregator) that wishes to 
                     use a common session with other senders (or 
                     Aggregators) in order to use a shared reservation 
                     across senders (or Aggregators) MUST set this field 
                     to all zeros. In this document, the Extended 
                     vDstPort SHOULD contain the IPv4 or IPv6 address of 
                     the Aggregator.

   PCN-domain:      a PCN-capable domain; a contiguous set of 
                    PCN-enabled nodes that perform Diffserv scheduling 
                    [RFC2474]; the complete set of PCN-nodes that in 
                    principle can, through PCN-marking packets, 
                    influence decisions about flow admission and 
                    termination for the PCN-domain; includes
                    the PCN-egress-nodes, which measure these 
                    PCN-marks, and the PCN-ingress-nodes.

   PCN-boundary-node: a PCN-node that connects one PCN-domain to a node 
                    either in another PCN-domain or in a non-PCN-domain.

   PCN-interior-node: a node in a PCN-domain that is not a PCN-
                    boundary-node.

   PCN-node:        a PCN-boundary-node or a PCN-interior-node.

   PCN-egress-node: a PCN-boundary-node in its role in handling
                    traffic as it leaves a PCN-domain. In this 
                    document the PCN-ingress-node operates also as a 
                    deaggregator.

   PCN-ingress-node: a PCN-boundary-node in its role in handling
                    traffic as it enters a PCN-domain. In this 
                    document the PCN-ingress-node operates also as a 
                    Decision Point and aggregator.

   PCN-traffic, 
   PCN-packets, 
   PCN-BA:          a PCN-domain carries traffic of different Diffserv 
                    behavior aggregates (BAs) [RFC2474]. The PCN-BA 
                    uses the PCN mechanisms to carry PCN-traffic, and 
                    the corresponding packets are PCN-packets.  
                    The same network will carry traffic of other 
                    Diffserv BAs.  The PCN-BA is
                    distinguished by a combination of the Diffserv 
                    codepoint (DSCP) and ECN fields.

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   Microflow:       a single instance of an application-to-application 
 (from [RFC2474])   flow of packets which is identified by source 
                    address, destination address, protocol id, and 
                    source port, destination port (where applicable).

  e2e microflow     a microflow where its associated packets are being 
                    forwarded on an E2E path.

   PCN-flow:        the unit of PCN-traffic that the PCN-boundary-node 
                    admits (or terminates); the unit could be a single 
                    e2e microflow (as defined in [RFC2474]) or some 
                    identifiable collection of microflows.

RSVP generic aggregated reservation: an RSVP reservation that is  
                    identified by using the RSVP SESSION object 
                    for generic RSVP aggregate reservation. This RSVP 
                    SESSION object is based on the RSVP SESSION object 
                    specified in [RFC4860] augmented with the following 
                    information:

                    o) the IPv4 DestAddress, IPv6 DestAddress SHOULD be 
                       set to the IPv4 or IPv6 destination addresses, 
                       respectively, of the Deaggregator (PCN-egress-
                       node)

                    o) PHB-ID (Per Hop Behavior Identification Code) 
                       SHOULD be set equal to PCN-compatible Diffserv 
                       codepoint(s).

                    o) Extended vDstPort SHOULD be set to the IPv4 or 
                       IPv6 destination addresses, of the Aggregator 
                       (PCN-ingress-node)

  Ingress-egress-aggregate (IEA): 
                    The collection of PCN-packets from all PCN-flows 
                    that travel in one direction between a specific pair 
                    of PCN-boundary-nodes. An ingress-egress-aggregate 
                    is identified by the combination of (1) PCN-BA 
                    (i.e.,  combination of the DSCP and ECN fields),(2) 
                    IP addresses of the specific pair of 
                    PCN-boundary-nodes used by the 
                    ingress-egress-aggregate. In this document one RSVP 
                    generic aggregated reservation is mapped to only 
                    one ingress-egress-aggregate, while one 
                    ingress-egress-aggregate is mapped to either 
                    one or to more than one RSVP generic aggregated  
                    reservations. 

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   PCN-admission-state:
                    The state ("admit" or "block") derived by the 
                    Decision Point for a given ingress-egress-aggregate 
                    based on statistics about PCN-packet marking.  The 
                    Decision Point decides to admit or block new flows 
                    offered to the aggregate based on the current value 
                    of the PCN-admission-state.  

   Congestion level estimate (CLE):
                    The ratio of PCN-marked to total PCN-traffic 
                    (measured in octets) received for a given ingress-
                    egress-aggregate during a given measurement period.  
                    The CLE is used to derive the PCN-admission-state  
                    and is also used by the report suppression procedure    
                    if report suppression is activated.
  t-meas:
                   A configurable time interval that defines the 
                   measurement period over which the PCN-egress-node 
                   collects statistics relating to PCN-traffic marking.   

  t-fail:
                   An interval after which the Decision Point (i.e., 
                   PCN-ingress-node in this document) concludes that 
                   communication from a given PCN-egress-node has failed 
                   if it has received no reports from the 
                   PCN-egress-node during that interval.
 
  t-recvFail:
                   A timer per ingress-egress-aggregate that the 
                   Decision point (i.e., PCN-ingress-node) sets every 
                   time it receives an RSVP Aggregated RESV message for 
                   that ingress-egress-aggregate. When its value 
                   reaches t-fail it is assumed that the PCN-ingress-
                   node has lost contact with the PCN-egress-node. 
                   Therefore the PCN-ingress-node blocks admission of 
                   new PCN-flows into that aggregate and raises a 
                   management alarm.                   

1.4. Organization of This Document

   This document is organized as follows. Section 2 gives an overview of 
   RSVP extensions and operations. The elements of the used procedures 
   are specified in Section 3. Section 4 describes the protocol 
   elements. The security considerations are given in section 5 and the 
   IANA considerations are provided in Section 6. 

2.  Overview of RSVP extensions and Operations 

2.1 Overview of RSVP Aggregation Procedures in PCN domains

   The PCN-boundary-nodes, see Figure 1, can support RSVP SESSIONS for 
   generic aggregated reservations {RFC4860], which are depending on 
   ingress-egress-aggregates. In particular, one RSVP generic aggregated 
   reservation matches to only one ingress-egress-aggregate. 

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   However, one ingress-egress-aggregate matches to either 
   one or more than one RSVP generic aggregated reservations. 
   In addition, to comply with this specification it is considered that 
   the PCN-boundary nodes are able to distinguish by using the addresses 
   that the RSVP messages are addressed to, and process (1) RSVP 
   SESSIONS for generic aggregated sessions and their messages according 
   to [RFC4860], (2) e2e RSVP sessions and messages according to 
   [RFC2205]. Furthermore, it is considered that by configuration the 
   PCN-interior-nodes are not able to distinguish neither RSVP generic 
   aggregated sessions and their associated messages [RFC4860], nor e2e 
   RSVP sessions and their associated messages [RFC2205].

                    --------------------------
                   /       PCN-domain         \
      |----|      |                            |      |----|
   H--| R  |\ |-----|                       |------| /| R  |-->H
   H--|    |\\|     |   |---|     |---|     |      |//|    |-->H
      |----| \|     |   | I |     | I |     |      |/ |----|
              | Agg |======================>| Deag |
             /|     |   |   |     |   |     |      |\
   H--------//|     |   |---|     |---|     |      |\\-------->H
   H--------/ |-----|                       |------| \-------->H
                  |                            |
                   \                          /
                    --------------------------

   H       = Host requesting end-to-end RSVP reservations
   R       = RSVP router
   Agg     = Aggregator (PCN-ingress-node)
   Deag    = Deaggregator (PCN-egress-node)
   I       = Interior Router (PCN-interior-node)
   -->   = E2E RSVP reservation
   ==>   = Aggregate RSVP reservation

           Figure 1 : Aggregation of E2E Reservations
            over Generic Aggregate RSVP Reservations 
               in PCN domains, based on [RFC4860]

   Moreover, each Aggregator and Deaggregator (i.e., PCN-boundary-nodes)  
   MUST support policies to initiate and maintain for each pair of 
   PCN-boundary-nodes of the same PCN-domain one ingress-egress-
   aggregate. Both the Aggregator and Deaggregator can maintain one or 
   more RSVP generic aggregated Reservations, but the Deaggregator is 
   the entity that initiates these RSVP generic aggregated reservations. 
   Note that one RSVP generic aggregated reservation matches to only 
   one ingress-egress-aggregate, while one ingress-egress-aggregate 
   matches to either one or to more than one RSVP generic aggregated 
   reservations. This can be accomplished by using for the different 
   RSVP generic aggregated reservations the same combinations of 
   ingress and egress identifiers, but with a different PHB-ID value 
   (see [RFC4860]). The procedures for aggregation of E2E reservations 
   over generic aggregate RSVP reservations are the same as the 
   procedures specified in Section 4 of [RFC4860], augmented with the 
   following ones, see also Section 2.5: 

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   o) Aggregator (PCN-ingress-node) and Deaggregator (PCN-egress-node) 
      MUST be able to determine, for each received e2e Path message, in 
      which ingress-egress-aggregate it can be mapped to. 

   o) Depending on policies the Aggregator and Deaggregator MUST be able 
      to decide whether a RSVP generic aggregate reservations can be 
      mapped into an ingress-egress-aggregate, see Section 2.5 for more 
      details.
   

2.2   PCN Marking and encoding and transport of pre-congestion 
        information

   The method of PCN marking within the PCN domain is based on 
   [RFC5670]. In addition, the method of encoding and transport of pre-
   congestion information is based [RFC6660]. The PHB-ID (Per Hop 
   Behavior Identification Code) used SHOULD be set equal 
   to PCN-compatible Diffserv codepoint(s).

2.3.  Traffic Classification Within The Aggregation Region

   The PCN-ingress marks a PCN-BA using PCN-marking (i.e., combination 
   of the DSCP and ECN fields), which interior nodes use to
   classify PCN-traffic. The PCN-traffic (e.g., e2e microflows) 
   belonging to an ingress-egress-aggregate can be classified only at 
   the PCN-boundary-nodes using the combination of (1) PCN-BA (i.e., 
   combination of the DSCP and ECN fields), (2) IP addresses of the 
   specific pair of PCN-boundary-nodes used by a ingress-egress-
   aggregate. The method of classification and traffic conditioning of 
   PCN-traffic and non-PCN traffic and PHB configuration is described in 
   [RFC6661] and [RFC6662]. Moreover, the PCN-traffic (e.g., e2e 
   microflows) belonging to a RSVP generic aggregated reservation can be 
   classified only at the PCN-boundary-nodes (i.e., Aggregator and 
   Deaggregator) by using the RSVP SESSION object for RSVP generic 
   aggregated reservations, see Section 2.1 of [RFC4860]. It is 
   considered that tunnels need to be used between Aggregators and  
   Deaggregators, using the same procedures as specified in Section 4 of 
   [RFC4860].

2.4.  Deaggregator (PCN-egress-node) Determination

   To comply with this specification it is considered that in order to 
   determine the Deaggregator, the same methods can be used as the ones 
   described in Section 4 of [RFC4860] and in Section 1.4.2 of 
   [RFC3175]. In the context of this document this can be determined 
   very easily, since from the point of RSVP, the next RSVP hop for the 
   Aggregator in the downstream direction is the Deaggregator and the 
   next RSVP hop for the Deaggregator in the upstream direction is the 
   Aggregator. 

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2.5.  Mapping E2E Reservations Onto Aggregate Reservations

   To comply with this specification it is considered that for the 
   mapping of e2e reservations onto aggregate reservations, the same 
   methods can be used as the ones described in Section 4 of [RFC4860], 
   augmented by the following rules:

   o) An Aggregator (PCN-ingress-node) MUST be able to determine for 
      each e2e Path message that arrives at its external interface in 
      which ingress-egress-aggregate it can be mapped to. This is 
      possible, see also Section 2.4, since from the point of RSVP, the 
      Deaggregator (PCN-egress-node) is one RSVP hop away from the 
      Aggregator (PCN-ingress-node). The Aggregator (PCN-ingress-node) 
      uses PCN related information sent by the Deaggregator to 
      map RSVP generic aggregated states to ingress-egress-aggregates. 

   o) A PCN-ingress-node (Aggregator) or PCN-egress-node (Deaggregator) 
      MUST use one or more policies to determine whether a RSVP generic 
      aggregated reservation can be mapped into an ingress-egress-
      aggregate. Note that one RSVP generic aggregated reservation 
      matches to only one ingress-egress-aggregate, while one ingress-
      egress-aggregate matches to either one or to more than one RSVP 
      generic aggregated reservations. The Aggregator or the 
      Deaggregator MUST be able to map RSVP generic aggregated 
      reservations into ingress-egress-aggregates. This can be 
      accomplished by using for the different RSVP generic aggregated 
      reservations the same combinations of ingress and egress 
      identifiers, but with a different PHB-ID value (see [RFC4860]). In 
      particular, each RSVP generic aggregated reservation is identified 
      by using the RSVP SESSION object [RFC4860]. The RSVP SESSION 
      object for generic aggregate reservations is based on the RSVP 
      SESSION object specified in [RFC4860] augmented with the following 
      information:

      o) the IPv4 DestAddress, IPv6 DestAddress MUST be set to the IPv4 
         or IPv6 destination addresses, respectively, of the 
         Deaggregator (PCN-egress-node), see [RFC4860]. Note that the 
         PCN-domain is considered as being only one RSVP hop (for 
         Generic aggregated RSVP or e2e RSVP). This means that the next 
         RSVP hop for the Aggregator in the downstream direction is the 
         Deaggregator and the next RSVP hop for the Deaggregator in the 
         upstream direction is the Aggregator. 

      o) PHB-ID (Per Hop Behavior Identification Code) SHOULD be set 
         equal to PCN-compatible Diffserv codepoint(s).

      o) Extended vDstPort SHOULD be set to the IPv4 or IPv6 destination 
         addresses, of the Aggregator (PCN-ingress-node), see [RFC4860].

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2.6.  Size of Aggregate Reservations

   To comply with this specification it is considered that for the 
   determination of the size of the RSVP generic aggregate reservations, 
   the same methods can be used as the ones described in [RFC4860] and 
   Section 1.4.4. of [RFC3175]. 

2.7.  E2E Path ADSPEC update

   To comply with this specification it is considered that for the 
   update of the e2e Path ADSPEC, the same methods can be used as the 
   ones described in [RFC4860].

2.8.  Intra-domain Routes

   The PCN-interior-nodes are neither maintaining e2e RSVP nor RSVP   
   generic aggregation states and reservations. Therefore, intra-domain 
   route changes will not affect intra-domain reservations since such 
   reservations are not maintained by the PCN-interior-nodes. 
   Furthermore, it is considered that by configuration, the PCN-
   interior-nodes are not able to distinguish neither RSVP generic 
   aggregated sessions and their associated messages [RFC4860], nor e2e 
   RSVP sessions and their associated messages [RFC2205].

2.9.  Inter-domain Routes

   The PCN-charter scope precludes inter-domain considerations. However, 
   for solving inter-domain routes changes associated with the operation 
   of the RSVP messages, the same methods SHOULD be used as the ones 
   described in [RFC4860] and in Section 1.4.7 of 
   [RFC3175]. 

2.10.  Reservations for Multicast Sessions

   PCN does not consider reservations for multicast sessions. 

2.11.  Multi-level Aggregation

   PCN does not consider multi-level aggregations within the PCN domain. 
   Therefore, the PCN-interior-nodes are not supporting multi-level 
   aggregation procedures. However, the Aggregator and Deaggregator 
   SHOULD support the multi-level aggregation procedures specified in 
   [RFC4860] and in Section 1.4.9 of [RFC3175]. 

2.12.  Reliability Issues

   To comply with this specification it is considered that for solving 
   possible reliability issues, the same methods can be used as the ones 
   described in Section 4 of [RFC4860].

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2.13.  Message Integrity and Node Authentication

   To comply with this specification it is considered that for message 
   integrity and node authentication, the same methods can be used as 
   the ones described in Section 4 of [RFC4860] and [RFC5559].

3. Elements of Procedure

   This section describes the procedures used to implement the 
   aggregated RSVP procedure over PCN. It is considered that the 
   procedures for aggregation of e2e reservations over generic aggregate 
   RSVP reservations are same as the procedures specified in Section 
   4 of [RFC4860]. Please refer to [RFC4860] for all the below error  
   cases:
      *) Incomplete message
      *) Unexpected objects

3.1.  Receipt of E2E Path Message By PCN-ingress-node (aggregating
      router)

   When the e2e Path message arrives at the exterior interface of the 
   Aggregator, i.e., PCN-ingress-node, then standard RSVP generic 
   aggregation [RFC4860] procedures are used, augmented with the 
   following rules:

  o) The e2e RSVP reservation session associated with an e2e Path 
     message that arrives at the external interface of the PCN-
     ingress-node is mapped/matched onto an PCN ingress-egress-
     aggregate.
     
  o) If the timer t-recvFail does NOT expire for a given PCN-egress-
     node, then: 

         o) If (1) the PCN-admission state for the ingress-egress-
            aggregate associated with the received e2e Path is "admit", 
            the Decision Point (i.e., PCN-ingress-node) SHOULD allow the 
            new flow to be admitted to that PCN ingress-egress-
            aggregate, see [RFC6661] and [RFC6662]. The e2e Path message 
            is then forwarded towards destination.

         o) If for the same PCN ingress-egress-aggregate 
            the PCN-admission-state is "block", the request SHOULD NOT 
            be admitted by the PCN-ingress-node (Aggregator) and an e2e 
            PathErr message SHOULD be generated, using standard e2e RSVP 
            procedures [RFC4495]. This e2e PathErr message is sent to 
            the originating sender of the e2e Path message, using 
            standard e2e RSVP procedures [RFC2205], [RFC4495]. This e2e 
            PathErr message is sent to the originating sender of the e2e 
            Path message. The e2e RSVP error code "01: Admission Control 
            failure" and the "Sub-code = 2: Requested bandwidth 
            unavailable " specified in Appendix B of [RFC2205] SHOULD be 
            used for this purpose. 

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            When the originating sender receives this e2e PathErr 
            message it SHOULD apply a PCN specific policy to generate an 
            e2e PathTear message to release all the possible Path states 
            initiated on the e2e RSVP aware nodes on the path towards 
            the PCN-ingress-node (Aggregator).

   o) If the timer t-recvFail expires for a given PCN-egress-node, the 
      Decision Point (i.e., PCN-ingress-node) SHOULD NOT  
      allow the e2e microflow (i.e., PCN-flow) to be admitted to that 
      PCN ingress-egress-aggregate, see [RFC6661], [RFC6662]. The 
      admission or rejection procedure of a PCN-flow into the PCN-
      domain is defined in detail in: [RFC6661] and [RFC6662]. 
      If the Aggregator is not able to admit the e2e microflow it 
      SHOULD then generate an e2e PathErr message using standard e2e 
      RSVP procedures [RFC4495]. This e2e PathErr message is sent to 
      the originating sender of the e2e Path message. The e2e RSVP 
      error code "01: Admission Control failure" and the "Sub-code = 
      2: Requested bandwidth unavailable " specified in Appendix B of 
      [RFC2205] SHOULD be used for this purpose. When the originating 
      sender receives this e2e PathErr message it SHOULD apply a PCN 
      specific policy to generate an e2e PathTear message to release all 
      the possible Path states initiated on the e2e RSVP aware nodes on 
      the path towards the PCN-ingress-node (Aggregator).

   The way of how the PCN-admission-state is maintained is specified in
   [RFC6661] and [RFC6662]. The way of how the RSVP generic aggregated 
   reservation state is maintained is specified in [RFC4860]. 

3.2.  Handling Of E2E Path Message By Interior Routers

   The e2e Path messages traverse zero or more PCN-interior-nodes. 
   The PCN-interior-nodes receive the e2e Path message on an interior 
   interface and forward it on another interior interface. It is 
   considered that by configuration the PCN-interior-nodes are not able 
   to distinguish neither e2e RSVP sessions and their associated 
   messages [RFC2205]. Therefore, the e2e Path messages are simply 
   forwarded as normal IP datagrams. 

3.3.  Receipt of E2E Path Message By PCN-egress-node (Deaggregating
      router)

   When receiving the e2e Path message the PCN-egress-node  
   (Deaggregator) performs main regular [RFC4860] procedures, augmented 
   with the following rules:

     o) The PCN-egress-node MUST NOT perform the RSVP-TTL vs IP TTL-
        check and MUST NOT update the ADspec Break bit. This is because 
        the whole PCN-domain is effectively handled by e2e RSVP as a 
        virtual link on which integrated service is indeed supported 
        (and admission control performed) so that the Break bit MUST 
        NOT be set, see also [draft-lefaucheur-rsvp-ecn-01].

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     o) If the Deaggregator does not maintain any RSVP generic 
        aggregated reservation states, then one or more of such states 
        are created during this step. Moreover, also at this step 
        the Deaggregator maps the new generated RSVP generic 
        aggregated reservations onto one ingress-egress-aggregate 
        maintained by the Deaggregator (PCN-egress-node), see Section 
        2.5.
 
    The PCN-egress-nodes forwards the e2e Path message towards the 
    receiver.

3.4.  Initiation of new Aggregate Path Message By PCN-ingress-node 
      (Aggregating Router)

   To comply with this specification it is considered that for the 
   initiation of the new RSVP aggregated Path message by the PCN-
   ingress-node (Aggregator), the same methods can be used as the ones 
   described in [RFC4860]. 

3.5.  Handling Of new Aggregate Path Message By Interior Routers

   The Aggregate Path messages traverse zero or more PCN-interior-nodes. 
   The PCN-interior-nodes receive the e2e Path message on an interior 
   interface and forward it on another interior interface.   
   It is considered that by configuration, the PCN-interior-nodes are 
   not able to distinguish neither RSVP generic aggregated sessions and 
   their associated messages [RFC4860]. Therefore, the Aggregated Path 
   messages are simply forwarded as normal IP datagrams. 

3.6.  Handling of E2E Resv Message by Deaggregating Router

   When the e2e Resv message arrives at the exterior interface of the 
   Deaggregator, i.e., PCN-egress-node, then standard RSVP 
   aggregation [RFC4860] procedures are used. It is important to be 
   noticed that according to [RFC4860] the Deaggregator is responsible 
   of performing admission control of the E2E RESV onto the generic 
   aggregate reservation.

3.7.  Handling Of E2E Resv Message By Interior Routers

   The e2e Resv messages traverse zero or more PCN-interior-nodes. The 
   PCN-interior-nodes receive the e2e Resv message on an interior 
   interface and forward it on another interior interface. It is 
   considered that by configuration the PCN-interior-nodes are not able 
   to distinguish neither e2e RSVP sessions and their associated 
   messages [RFC2205]. Therefore, the e2e Resv messages are simply 
   forwarded as normal IP datagrams. 

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3.8.  Initiation of New Aggregate Resv Message By Deaggregating Router

   To comply with this specification it is considered that for the 
   initiation of the new RSVP aggregated Resv message by the PCN-
   egress-node (Deaggregator), the same methods can be used as the ones 
   described in Section 4 of [RFC4860] augmented with the following 
   rules: 

     o) At the end of each t-meas measurement interval, or less 
        frequently if "optional report suppression" is activated, see 
        [RFC6661], and [RFC6662], the PCN-egress-node MUST include the 
        new PCN object that will be sent to the associated Decision 
        Point (i.e., PCN-ingress-node). The PCN-egress-node reports the 
        data it measures for a particular ingress-egress-aggregate in a 
        PCN object, as specified in Section 4 of this document (see 
        [RFC6661], and [RFC6662]). The address of the PCN-ingress-
        node, i.e., Aggregator, is the one specified in the same 
        ingress-egress-aggregate. It is considered that the ingress-
        egress-aggregate state stores both IP addresses of the PCN-
        ingress-node, i.e., Aggregator, and of the IP-egress-node, i.e., 
        Deaggregator.

3.9.  Handling of Aggregate Resv Message by Interior Routers

   The Aggregated Resv messages traverse zero or more PCN-interior-
   nodes. The PCN-interior-nodes receive the Aggregated Resv message on 
   an interior interface and forward it on another interior interface. 
   It is considered that by configuration, the PCN-interior-nodes are 
   not able to distinguish neither RSVP generic aggregated sessions and 
   their associated messages [RFC4860]. Therefore, the Aggregated Resv 
   messages are simply forwarded as normal IP datagrams. 

3.10.  Handling of E2E Resv Message by Aggregating Router

   When the e2e Resv message arrives at the interior interface of the 
   Aggregating router, i.e., PCN-ingress-node, then standard RSVP 
   aggregation [RFC4860] procedures are used.

3.11.  Handling of Aggregated Resv Message by Aggregating Router

   When the Aggregated Resv message arrives at the interior interface of 
   the Aggregating router, i.e., PCN-ingress-node, then standard RSVP 
   aggregation [RFC4860] procedures are used, augmented with the 
   following rules: 

    o)  If the Decision Point is not collocated with the PCN-ingress-
        node, then other procedures need to be specified of handling the 
        Aggregated Resv Message by the Aggregating router, i.e., PCN-
        ingress-node. Even though these procedures are out of the scope 
        of this document, the PCN-ingress-node can refer to a central 
        decision point which can respond to the PCN ingress as per 
        [RFC2753]

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    o)  If the Decision point is collocated with the PCN-ingress-node, 
        then the PCN-ingress-node (i.e. Aggregator) SHOULD use the   
        information carried by the PCN objects, see Section 4, to map 
        the RSVP generic aggregated state onto the maintained ingress-
        egress-aggregate state at the Aggregator (PCN-ingress-node). 
        Furthermore, the Aggregator follows the steps specified in 
        [RFC6661], [RFC6662]. Using the information contained in the PCN 
        object the Aggregator (i.e., PCN-ingress-node) can decide 
        whether the PCN-admission state for the ingress-egress-aggregate 
        is "admit" or "reject". Moreover, when the Aggregator (i.e., 
        PCN-ingress-node) needs to terminate an amount of traffic 
        associated with one ingress-egress-aggregate (see bullet 2 in 
        Section 3.3.2 of [RFC6661] and [RFC6662]), then several 
        procedures of terminating e2e microflows can be deployed. The 
        default procedure of terminating e2e microflows (i.e., PCN-
        flows) is as follows, see e.g., [RFC6661]. 
        For the same ingress-egress-aggregate, select a number of e2e 
        microflows to be terminated in order to decrease the total 
        incoming amount of bandwidth associated with one ingress-egress-
        aggregate by the amount of traffic to be terminated, see above.    
        In this situation the same mechanisms for terminating an e2e    
        microflow can be followed as specified in [RFC2205]. However, 
        based on a local policy, the Aggregator could use other ways of 
        selecting which microflows should be terminated.
        For example, for the same ingress-egress-aggregate, select a 
        number of e2e microflows to be terminated or to reduce their  
        reserved bandwidth in order to decrease the total incoming 
        amount of bandwidth associated with one ingress-egress-aggregate 
        by the amount of traffic to be terminated. In this situation the 
        same mechanisms for terminating an e2e microflow or reducing 
        bandwidth associated with an e2e microflow can be followed as 
        specified in [RFC4495].

3.12.  Removal of E2E Reservation

   To comply with this specification it is considered that for the 
   removal of e2e reservations, the same methods can be used as the ones 
   described in Section 4 of [RFC4860] and [RFC4495], augmented by the 
   methods described in Section 3.11.

3.13.  Removal of Aggregate Reservation
 
   To comply with this specification it is considered that for the 
   removal of RSVP generic aggregated reservations, the same methods can 
   be used as the ones described in Section 4 of [RFC4860] and Section 
   2.10 of [RFC3175]. In particular, should an aggregate reservation go 
   away (presumably due to a configuration change, route change, or 
   policy event), the e2e reservations it supports are no longer active. 
   They must be treated accordingly.

3.14.  Handling of Data On Reserved E2E Flow by Aggregating Router

   The handling of data on the reserved e2e Flow by Aggregating Router 
   is using the procedures described in [RFC4860] augmented with:

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   o)  Regarding, PCN marking and traffic classification the procedures 
       defined in Section 2.2 and 2.4 of this document are used.

3.15.  Procedures for Multicast Sessions

   In this document no multicast sessions are considered.

3.16.  Misconfiguration of PCN-node

   In an event where a PCN-node is misconfigured within a PCN-domain, 
   the desired behavior is same as described in Section 3.9. Therefore,      
   the Aggregated Resv messages are simply forwarded as normal IP 
   datagrams.
   
4.  Protocol Elements

   The protocol elements in this document are using the protocol
   elements defined in Section 4 [RFC4860] and Section 3 of [RFC3175] 
   augmented with the following rules:

  o) A PCN-egress-node (i.e., Deaggregator) SHOULD send periodically 
     and at the end of each t-meas measurement interval, or less 
     frequently if "optional report suppression" is activated, an 
     (refresh) aggregated RSVP message to the PCN-ingress-node (i.e. 
     aggregator), see [RFC6661] and [RFC6662]. 

  o) the DSCP value included in the SESSION object, SHOULD be set equal 
     to a PCN-compatible Diffserv codepoint. 

  o) An aggregated Resv message MUST carry one or more PCN 
     objects, see Section 4.1, to report the data measured by an 
     PCN-egress-node (i.e., Deaggregator).

  o) As described in [RFC6661], [RFC6663], PCN reports  
     from the PCN-egress-node (Deaggregator) to the decision point may 
     contain flow identifiers for individual flows within an 
     ingress-egress-aggregate that have recently experienced 
     excess-marking. Hence, the PCN report messages used by the PCN CL 
     edge behavior MUST be capable of carrying sequences of octet 
     strings constituting such identifiers. When the PCN CL edge 
     behavior is used, the individual flow identifiers need to be 
     included in specific PCN objects, see Section 4.1 
     (RSVP-AGGREGATE-IPv4-PCN-CL-FLIDs, 
      RSVP-AGGREGATE-IPv6-PCN-CL-FLIDs)

4.1 PCN objects

   The PCN object reports data measured by a PCN-egress-node and 
   carried by the generic aggregated RESV messages specified in 
   [RFC4860]. PCN objects are defined for different PCN edge behavior 
   drafts. This document defines six types of PCN objects that belong 
   into the SESSION Class and need to be carried by 
   Aggregate RESV messages. These objects are:

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   RSVP-AGGREGATE-IPv4-PCN-SM, RSVP-AGGREGATE-IPv6-PCN-SM, 
   RSVP-AGGREGATE-IPv4-PCN-CL, RSVP-AGGREGATE-IPv6-PCN-CL, 
   RSVP-AGGREGATE-IPv4-PCN-CL-FLIDs, RSVP-AGGREGATE-IPv6-PCN-CL-FLIDs. 

   o) RSVP-AGGREGATE-IPv4-PCN-SM: Single Marking (SM) PCN object, when 
      IPv4 addresses are used:
      Class = 1 (SESSION)
      C-Type = RSVP-AGGREGATE-IPv4-PCN-SM (to be replaced by IANA)

        +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
        |     IPv4 PCN-ingress-node Address (4 bytes)           |
        +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
        |     IPv4 PCN-egress-node Address (4 bytes)            |
        +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
        |       rate of not marked PCN-traffic (NM-rate)        |
        +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
        |       rate of PCN-marked PCN-traffic (PM-rate)        |
        +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------|

   o) RSVP-AGGREGATE-IPv6-PCN-SM: Single Marking (SM) PCN object, when 
      IPv6 addresses are used:

      Class = 1 (SESSION)
      C-Type = RSVP-AGGREGATE-IPv6-PCN-SM (to be replaced by IANA)

        +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
        |                                                       |
        +                                                       +
        |                                                       |
        +     IPv6 PCN-ingress-node Address (16 bytes)          +
        |                                                       |
        +                                                       +
        |                                                       |
        +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
        |                                                       |
        +                                                       +
        |                                                       |
        +     IPv6 PCN-egress-node Address (16 bytes)           +
        |                                                       |
        +                                                       +
        |                                                       |
        +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
        |       rate of not marked PCN-traffic (NM-rate)        |
        +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
        |       rate of PCN-marked PCN-traffic (PM-rate)        |
        +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

   o) RSVP-AGGREGATE-IPv4-PCN-CL: Controlled (CL) PCN object, IPv4 
      addresses are used: 
      Class = 1 (SESSION)
      C-Type = RSVP-AGGREGATE-IPv4-PCN-CL (To be replaced by IANA)

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        +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
        |     IPv4 PCN-ingress-node Address (4 bytes)           |
        +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
        |     IPv4 PCN-egress-node Address (4 bytes)            |
        +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
        |       rate of not marked PCN-traffic (NM-rate)        |
        +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
        |  rate of threshold-marked PCN-traffic (ThM-rate)      |
        +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
        |  rate of excess-traffic-marked PCN-traffic (ETM-rate) |
        +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

   o) RSVP-AGGREGATE-IPv6-PCN-CL: Controlled (CL) PCN object, IPv6 
      addresses are used: 
      Class = 1 (SESSION)
      C-Type = RSVP-AGGREGATE-IPv6-PCN-CL (to be replaced by IANA)

        +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
        |                                                       |
        +                                                       +
        |                                                       |
        +     IPv6 PCN-ingress-node Address (16 bytes)          +
        |                                                       |
        +                                                       +
        |                                                       |
        +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
        |                                                       |
        +                                                       +
        |                                                       |
        +     IPv6 PCN-egress-node Address (16 bytes)           +
        |                                                       |
        +                                                       +
        |                                                       |
        +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
        |       rate of not marked PCN-traffic (NM-rate)        |
        +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
        |  rate of threshold-marked PCN-traffic (ThM-rate)      |
        +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
        |  rate of excess-traffic-marked PCN-traffic (ETM-rate) |
        +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+

   The fields carried by the PCN object are specified in 
   [RFC6663], [RFC6661] and [RFC6662]:

     o the IPv4 or IPv6 address of the PCN-ingress-node and the IPv4 
       or IPv6 address of the PCN-egress-node; together they specify the 
       ingress-egress-aggregate to which the report refers. According to 
       [RFC6663] the report should carry the identifier of the PCN-
       ingress-node and the identifier of the PCN-egress-node (typically 
       their IP addresses);

     o rate of not-marked PCN-traffic (NM-rate) in octets/second; its 
       format is a 32-bit IEEE floating point number;

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     o rate of PCN-marked traffic (PM-rate) in octets/second; its format 
       is a 32-bit IEEE floating point number;

     o rate of threshold-marked PCN traffic (ThM-rate) in 
       octets/second; its format is a 32-bit IEEE floating point number;

     o rate of excess-traffic-marked traffic (ETM-rate) in 
       octets/second; its format is a 32-bit IEEE floating point number;

   o) RSVP-AGGREGATE-IPv4-PCN-CL-FLIDs: Controlled (CL) PCN CL Flow IDs 
     object, IPv4 addresses are used: 
      Class = 1 (SESSION)
      C-Type = RSVP-AGGREGATE-IPv4-PCN-CL-FLIDs (to be replaced by IANA)

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
                                                   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
                                                   | Length        |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                       Source Address                          |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                      Destination Address                      |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |          Source Port          |       Destination Port        |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |   Protocol    |      Reserved                                 |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   //                                                             //
   +                                                               +
   |                       Source Address                          |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                      Destination Address                      |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |          Source Port          |       Destination Port        |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |   Protocol    |      Reserved                                 |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

      o)  Length (1 byte): the length of the 
          RSVP-AGGREGATE-IPv4-PCN-CL-FLIDs object in units of 16 bytes. 
          This field is used to specify the number of IPv4 flow IDs 
          carried by this object. Each flow ID is represented by the 
          combination of each subsequent 5 tuple:
          Source address, Destination address, Source Port, 
          Destination Port and Protocol number.
          If Length is 0 then the RSVP-AGGREGATE-IPv4-PCN-CL-FLIDs is 
          empty.

      o) Source address (4 bytes):  The IPv4 source address. 

      o) Destination address (4 bytes): The IPv4 destination address.

 
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     o) Protocol (1 byte):  The IP protocol number. It refers to the 
         true upper layer protocol carried by the packets.

      o) Source Port (2 bytes): contains the source port number.

      o) Destination Port (2 bytes): contains the destination port 
         number.

   o) RSVP-AGGREGATE-IPv6-PCN-CL-FLIDs: Controlled (CL) PCN CL Flow IDs 
      object, IPv6 addresses are used: 
      Class = 1 (SESSION)
      C-Type = RSVP-AGGREGATE-IPv6-PCN-CL-FLIDs (To be replaced by IANA)

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
                                                   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
                                                   | Length        |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                                                               |
   |                       Source Address                          |
   |                                                               |
   |                                                               |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                                                               |
   |                      Destination Address                      |
   |                                                               |
   |                                                               |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |          Source Port          |       Destination Port        |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |   Protocol    |      Reserved                                 |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   //                                                             //
   +                                                               +
   |                                                               |
   |                       Source Address                          |
   |                                                               |
   |                                                               |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                                                               |
   |                       Destination Address                     |
   |                                                               |
   |                                                               |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |          Source Port          |       Destination Port        |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |   Protocol    |      Reserved                                 |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

      o) Length (1 byte): the length of the 
         RSVP-AGGREGATE-IPv6-PCN-CL-FLIDs object in units of 40 bytes. 
         This field is used to specify the number of flow IDs carried by 
         this object. Each flow ID is represented by the combination of 
         each subsequent 5 tuple fields:

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         Source address, Destination address, Source Port, 
         Destination Port and Protocol number.
         If Length is 0 then the RSVP-AGGREGATE-IPv6-PCN-CL-FLIDs object 
         is empty.
  
      o) Source address (16 bytes):  The IPv6 source address. 

      o) Destination address (16 bytes): The IPv6 destination address. 

      o) Protocol (1 byte):  The IP protocol number. It refers to the 
          true upper layer protocol carried by the packets.

      o) Source Port (2 bytes): contains the source port number.

      o) Destination Port (2 bytes): contains the destination port 
         number.
    
5.  Security Considerations 
    
   The same security considerations specified in [RFC2205], [RFC4230],  
   [RFC4860], [RFC5559] and [RFC6411].
      
6.  IANA Considerations  
    
   This document makes the following requests to the IANA. 
   IANA needs to modify the RSVP parameters registry, 'Class Names, 
   Class Numbers, and Class Types' subregistry, and assigned 6 new C-
   Types under the existing SESSION Class (Class number 1), as described
   Below, see Section 4.1:

   Class
   Number  Class Name                               Reference
   ------  -----------------------                  ---------

        1  SESSION                                  [RFC2205]

           Class Types or C-Types:

            19?   RSVP-AGGREGATE-IPv4-PCN-SM        this document
            20?   RSVP-AGGREGATE-IPv6-PCN-SM        this document
            21?   RSVP-AGGREGATE-IPv4-PCN-CL        this document
            22?   RSVP-AGGREGATE-IPv6-PCN-CL        this document
            23?   RSVP-AGGREGATE-IPv4-PCN-CL-FLIDs  this document
            24?   RSVP-AGGREGATE-IPv6-PCN-CL-FLIDs  this document
    

7.  Acknowledgments 
    
   We would like to thank the authors of [draft-lefaucheur-rsvp-ecn-
   01.txt], since some ideas used in this document are based on the work  
   initiated in [draft-lefaucheur-rsvp-ecn-01.txt]. Moreover, we would 
   like to thank Bob Briscoe, David Black, Ken Carlberg, Tom Taylor, 
   Philip Eardley, Michael Menth, Toby Moncaster, Francois Le Faucheur, 
   James Polk and Lixia Zhang for the provided comments. 
 
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8.  Normative References 
    
   [RFC6661] T. Taylor, A, Charny, F. Huang, 
   G. Karagiannis, M. Menth, "PCN Boundary Node Behaviour for the 
   Controlled Load (CL) Mode of Operation", July 
   2012.

   [RFC6662] A. Charny, J. Zhang,  
   G.  Karagiannis, M. Menth, T. Taylor, "PCN Boundary Node Behaviour 
   for the Single Marking (SM) Mode of Operation", 
   July 2012.

   [RFC6663] G. Karagiannis, T. Taylor, 
   K. Chan, M. Menth, P. Eardley, " Requirements for Signaling of (Pre-) 
   Congestion Information in a DiffServ Domain", 
   July 2012.

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate 
    Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [RFC2205] Braden, R., ed., et al., "Resource ReSerVation Protocol 
   (RSVP)- Functional Specification", RFC 2205, September 1997. 

   [RFC3140] Black, D., Brim, S., Carpenter, B., and F. Le
   Faucheur, "Per Hop Behavior Identification Codes", 
   RFC 3140, June 2001.

   [RFC3175] Baker, F., Iturralde, C., Le Faucheur, F., and B. Davie, 
   "Aggregation of RSVP for IPv4 and IPv6 Reservations", RFC 3175, 
   September 2001.

   [RFC4495] Polk, J. and S. Dhesikan, "A Resource Reservation
   Protocol (RSVP) Extension for the Reduction of
   Bandwidth of a Reservation Flow", RFC 4495, May 2006.

   [RFC4860] F. Le Faucheur, B. Davie, P. Bose, C. Christou, M. 
   Davenport, "Generic Aggregate Resource ReSerVation Protocol (RSVP) 
   Reservations", RFC4860, May 2007.
    
   [RFC5670] Eardley, P., "Metering and Marking Behaviour of PCN-Nodes", 
    RFC 5670, November 2009.

   [RFC6660]  Moncaster, T., Briscoe, B., and M. Menth, "Baseline 
    Encoding and Transport of Pre-Congestion Information", RFC 6660, 
    July 2012.

9.  Informative References 
    
   [draft-lefaucheur-rsvp-ecn-01.txt] Le Faucheur, F., Charny, A., 
   Briscoe, B., Eardley, P., Chan, K., and J. Babiarz, "RSVP Extensions 
   for Admission Control over Diffserv using Pre-congestion 
   Notification (PCN) (Work in progress)", June 2006.

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   [RFC1633]  Braden, R., Clark, D., and S. Shenker, "Integrated 
   Services in the Internet Architecture: an Overview", RFC 1633, June 
   1994.

   [RFC2211] J. Wroclawski, Specification of the Controlled-Load Network 
   Element Service, September 1997 
    
   [RFC2212] S. Shenker et al., Specification of Guaranteed Quality of 
   Service, September 1997 

   [RFC2474]  Nichols, K., Blake, S., Baker, F., and D. Black, 
   "Definition of the Differentiated Services Field (DS Field) in the 
   IPv4 and IPv6 Headers", RFC 2474, December 1998.

   [RFC2475] Blake, S., Black, D., Carlson, M., Davies, E., Wang, Z. and 
   W. Weiss, "A framework for Differentiated Services", RFC 2475, 
   December 1998. 

   [RFC2998] Bernet, Y., Yavatkar, R., Ford, P., Baker, F., Zhang, L., 
   Speer, M., Braden, R., Davie, B., Wroclawski, J. and E. Felstaine, "A 
   Framework for Integrated Services Operation Over DiffServ Networks", 
   RFC 2998, November 2000. 

   [RFC4230] H. Tschofenig, R. Graveman, "RSVP Security Properties", 
   RFC 4230, December 2005. 

   [RFC5559]  Eardley, P., "Pre-Congestion Notification (PCN) 
   Architecture", RFC 5559, June 2009.

   [RFC6411] M. Behringer, F. Le Faucheur, B. Weis, "Applicability of 
   Keying Methods for RSVP Security", RFC 6411, October 2011.

   [SIG-NESTED] Baker, F. and P. Bose, "QoS Signaling in a Nested
   Virtual Private Network", Work in Progress, July 2007.

   [RFC2753] Yavatkar, R., D. Pendarakis and R. Guerin, "A Framework for    
   Policy-based Admission Control", January 2000.

10. Appendix A:  Example Signaling Flow

   This appendix is based on the appendix provided in [RFC4860]. In 
   particular, it provides an example signaling flow of the 
   specification detailed in Section 3 and 4. This signaling flow 
   assumes an environment where E2E reservations are aggregated over 
   generic aggregate RSVP reservations and applied over a PCN domain. In 
   particular the Aggregator (PCN-ingress-node) and Deaggregator (PCN-
   egress-node) are located at the boundaries of the PCN domain. The 
   PCN-interior-nodes are located within the PCN-domain, between the 
   PCN-boundary nodes, but are not shown in this Figure. It illustrates 
   a possible RSVP message flow that could take place in the successful 
   establishment of a unicast E2E reservation that is the first between 
   a given pair of Aggregator/Deaggregator.

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      Aggregator (PCN-ingress-node)     Deaggregator (PCN-egress-node)

    E2E Path
   ----------->
                (1)
                           E2E Path
                   ------------------------------->
                                                       (2)
                    E2E PathErr(New-agg-needed,SOI=GAx)
                   <----------------------------------
                    E2E PathErr(New-agg-needed,SOI=GAy)
                   <----------------------------------
                (3)
                         AggPath(Session=GAx) 
                   ------------------------------->
                         AggPath(Session=GAy)
                   ------------------------------->
                                                       (4)
                                                           E2E Path
                                                          ----------->
                                                       (5)
                         AggResv (Session=GAx) (PCN object)
                   <-------------------------------
                         AggResv (Session=GAy) (PCN object)
                   <-------------------------------
                (6)
                     AggResvConfirm (Session=GAx)
                   ------------------------------>
                     AggResvConfirm (Session=GAy)
                   ------------------------------>
                                                       (7)
                                                           E2E Resv
                                                          <---------
                                                       (8)
                           E2E Resv (SOI=GAx)
                   <-----------------------------
                (9)
      E2E Resv
   <-----------

(1) The Aggregator (PCN-ingress-node) maps the e2e RSVP reservation 
    session associated with the e2e Path message onto an PCN ingress-  
    egress-aggregate. The Aggregator forwards e2e Path into the 
    aggregation region after modifying its IP protocol number to 
       RSVP-E2E-IGNORE. Note that in this case it is considered that the 
       PCN-admission-state is "admit", see Section 3.1. Otherwise, the 
       e2e Path will not be forwarded into the aggregation region and 
       the steps associated with the PCN-admission-state is "block" 
       situation specified in Section 3.1 will be followed. 

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   (2) Let's assume no Aggregate Path exists.  To be able to accurately
       update the ADSPEC of the e2e Path, the Deaggregator needs the
       ADSPEC of Aggregate Path.  In this example, the Deaggregator
       elects to instruct the Aggregator to set up Aggregate Path states
       for the two supported PHB-IDs.  To do that, the Deaggregator
       sends two e2e PathErr messages with a New-Agg-Needed PathErr
       code.  Both PathErr messages also contain a SESSION-OF-INTEREST
       (SOI) object.  In the first e2e PathErr, the SOI contains a
       GENERIC-AGGREGATE SESSION (GAx) whose PHB-ID is set to x.  In the
       second e2e PathErr, the SOI contains a GENERIC-AGGREGATE SESSION
       (GAy) whose PHB-ID is set to y.  In both messages the GENERIC-
       AGGREGATE SESSION contains an interface-independent Deaggregator
       address inside the DestAddress and appropriate values inside the
       vDstPort and Extended vDstPort fields.

   (3) The Aggregator follows the request from the Deaggregator and
       signals an Aggregate Path for both GENERIC-AGGREGATE Sessions
       (GAx and GAy).

   (4) The Deaggregator takes into account the information contained in
       the ADSPEC from both Aggregate Paths and updates the e2e Path
       ADSPEC accordingly. The Deaggregator also modifies the e2e Path
       IP protocol number to RSVP before forwarding it.

   (5) In this example, the Deaggregator elects to immediately proceed
       with establishment of generic aggregate reservations for both
       PHB-IDs.  In effect, the Deaggregator can be seen as anticipating
       the actual demand of e2e reservations so that resources are
       available on the generic aggregate reservations when the e2e Resv
       requests arrive, in order to speed up establishment of e2e
       reservations.  
       At this step the Deaggregator maps the new generated RSVP generic 
       aggregated reservations onto one ingress-egress-aggregate 
       maintained by the Deaggregator (PCN-egress-node), see Section 
       3.3. Moreover, the Deaggregator, depending on the used 
       PCN edge behaviour and IP version, it includes one of the 
       following PCN objects specified in Section 4.1: 
       RSVP-AGGREGATE-IPv4-PCN-SM, RSVP-AGGREGATE-IPv6-PCN-SM, 
       RSVP-AGGREGATE-IPv4-PCN-CL or RSVP-AGGREGATE-IPv6-PCN-CL.
    Here it is also Assumed that the Deaggregator includes the 
    optional Resv Confirm Request in these Aggregate Resv.

   (6) The Aggregator merely complies with the received ResvConfirm
       Request and returns the corresponding Aggregate ResvConfirm. 
       Moreover, the PCN-ingress-node functionality uses the PCN object 
       to map the RSVP generic aggregated reservation state onto the 
       maintained PCN ingress-egress-aggregate state. Moreover, the 
       Aggregator performs the steps specified in Section 3.11.

   (7) The Deaggregator has explicit confirmation that both Aggregate
       Resvs are established.

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   (8) On receipt of the e2e Resv, the Deaggregator applies the mapping
       policy defined by the network administrator to map the e2e Resv
       onto a generic aggregate reservation.  Let's assume that this
       policy is such that the e2e reservation is to be mapped onto the
       generic aggregate reservation with PHB-ID=x.  The Deaggregator
       knows that a generic aggregate reservation (GAx) is in place for
       the corresponding PHB-ID since (7).  The Deaggregator performs
       admission control of the e2e Resv onto the generic aggregate
       reservation for PHB-ID=x (GAx).  Assuming that the generic
       aggregate reservation for PHB-ID=x (GAx) had been established
       with sufficient bandwidth to support the e2e Resv, the
       Deaggregator adjusts its counter, tracking the unused bandwidth
       on the generic aggregate reservation.  Then it forwards the e2e
       Resv to the Aggregator including a SESSION-OF-INTEREST object
       conveying the selected mapping onto GAx (and hence onto
       PHB-ID=x).

   (9) The Aggregator records the mapping of the e2e Resv onto GAx (and
       onto PHB-ID=x).  The Aggregator removes the SOI object and
       forwards the e2e Resv towards the sender. 

11.  Authors' Address 

   Georgios Karagiannis
   University of Twente
   P.O. Box 217
   7500 AE Enschede,  
   The Netherlands 
   EMail: g.karagiannis@utwente.nl  

   Anurag Bhargava
   Cisco Systems, Inc.
   7100-9 Kit Creek Road
   PO Box 14987 
   RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, NORTH CAROLINA 27709-4987
   USA
   Email: anuragb@cisco.com

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