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Label Switched Path (LSP) Ping/Trace for Segment Routing Networks Using MPLS Dataplane
draft-kumarkini-mpls-spring-lsp-ping-02

The information below is for an old version of the document.
Document Type
This is an older version of an Internet-Draft whose latest revision state is "Replaced".
Authors Nagendra Kumar Nainar , George Swallow , Carlos Pignataro , Nobo Akiya , Sriganesh Kini , Hannes Gredler , Mach Chen
Last updated 2015-04-22 (Latest revision 2014-10-27)
Replaced by draft-ietf-mpls-spring-lsp-ping, draft-ietf-mpls-spring-lsp-ping, draft-ietf-mpls-spring-lsp-ping, draft-ietf-mpls-spring-lsp-ping, RFC 8287
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Document shepherd Loa Andersson
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Send notices to draft-kumarkini-mpls-spring-lsp-ping.shepherd@ietf.org, draft-kumarkini-mpls-spring-lsp-ping.ad@ietf.org, draft-kumarkini-mpls-spring-lsp-ping@ietf.org, mpls-chairs@ietf.org, "Loa Andersson" <loa@pi.nu>
draft-kumarkini-mpls-spring-lsp-ping-02
Network Work group                                              N. Kumar
Internet-Draft                                                G. Swallow
Intended status: Standards Track                            C. Pignataro
Expires: April 30, 2015                                         N. Akiya
                                                     Cisco Systems, Inc.
                                                                 S. Kini
                                                                Ericsson
                                                              H. Gredler
                                                        Juniper Networks
                                                                 M. Chen
                                                                  Huawei
                                                        October 27, 2014

Label Switched Path (LSP) Ping/Trace for Segment Routing Networks Using
                             MPLS Dataplane
                draft-kumarkini-mpls-spring-lsp-ping-02

Abstract

   Segment Routing architecture leverages the source routing and
   tunneling paradigms and can be directly applied to MPLS data plane.
   A node steers a packet through a controlled set of instructions
   called segments, by prepending the packet with Segment Routing
   header.

   The segment assignment and forwarding semantic nature of Segment
   Routing raises additional consideration for connectivity verification
   and fault isolation in LSP with Segment Routing architecture.  This
   document illustrates the problem and describe a mechanism to perform
   LSP Ping and Traceroute on Segment Routing network over MPLS data
   plane.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

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   This Internet-Draft will expire on April 30, 2015.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2014 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   2.  Requirements notation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   3.  Challenges with Existing mechanism  . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
     3.1.  Path validation in Segment Routing networks . . . . . . .   4
     3.2.  Service Label . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
   4.  Segment ID sub-TLV  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
     4.1.  IPv4 Prefix Node Segment ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
     4.2.  IPv6 Prefix Node Segment ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     4.3.  IGP Adjacency Segment ID  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
   5.  Extension to Downstream Mapping TLV . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
   6.  Procedures  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     6.1.  FECs in Target FEC Stack TLV  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     6.2.  FEC Stack Change sub-TLV  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
     6.3.  Segment ID POP Operation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
     6.4.  Segment ID Check  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
     6.5.  TTL Consideration for traceroute  . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
   7.  Issues with non-forwarding labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
   8.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
     8.1.  New Target FEC Stack Sub-TLVs . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
   9.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
   10. Acknowledgement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
   11. Contributing Authors  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
   12. References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
     12.1.  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
     12.2.  Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14

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1.  Introduction

   [I-D.filsfils-spring-segment-routing] introduces and explains Segment
   Routing architecture that leverages the source routing and tunneling
   paradigms.  A node steers a packet through a controlled set of
   instructions called segments, by prepending the packet with Segment
   Routing header.  A detailed definition about Segment Routing
   architecture is available in [I-D.filsfils-spring-segment-routing]
   and different use-cases are discussed in
   [I-D.filsfils-spring-segment-routing-use-cases]

   The Segment Routing architecture can be directly applied to MPLS data
   plane in a way that, the Segment identifier (Segment ID) will be of
   20-bits size and SR header is the label stack.

   Multi Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) has defined in [RFC4379] a
   simple and efficient mechanism to detect data plane failures in Label
   Switched Paths (LSP) by specifying information to be carried in an
   MPLS "echo request" and "echo reply" for the purposes of fault
   detection and isolation, and mechanisms for reliably sending the echo
   reply.  The functionality is modeled after the ping/traceroute
   paradigm (ICMP echo request [RFC0792]) and is typically referred to
   as LSP ping and LSP traceroute.

   Unlike LDP or RSVP which are the other well-known MPLS control plane
   protocols, segment assignment in Segment Routing architecture is not
   hop-by-hop basis.

   This nature of Segment Routing raises additional consideration for
   fault detection and isolation in Segment Routing network.  This
   document illustrates the problem and describe a mechanism to perform
   LSP Ping and Traceroute on Segment Routing network over MPLS data
   plane.

2.  Requirements notation

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].

3.  Challenges with Existing mechanism

   This document defines Target FEC Stack sub-TLVs and explains how they
   can be used to tackle below challenges.

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3.1.  Path validation in Segment Routing networks

   [RFC4379] defines the OAM machinery that helps with fault detection
   and isolation in MPLS dataplane path with the use of various Target
   FEC Stack Sub-TLV that are carried in MPLS Echo Request packets and
   used by the responder for FEC validation.  While it is obvious that
   new Sub-TLVs need to be assigned, the unique nature of Segment
   Routing architecture raises a need for additional machinery for path
   validation.  This section discuss the challenges as below:

                      L1
                  +--------+
                  |   L2   |
                  R3-------R6
                 /           \
                /             \
        R1----R2               R7----R8
                \             /   L3
                 \           /
                  R4-------R5

          Figure 1: Segment Routing network

 {5001, 5002, 5003, 5004, 5005, 5006, 5007, 5008}  --> Node Segment ID for R1, R2, R3 R4, R5 R6, R7, R8 respectively.

    9136 --> Adjacency Segment ID from R3 to R6 over link L1.
    9236 --> Adjacency Segment ID from R3 to R6 over link L2.

   The forwarding semantic of Adjacency Segment ID is to pop the segment
   ID and send the packet to a specific neighbor over a specific link.
   A malfunctioning node may forward packets using Adjacency Segment ID
   to incorrect neighbor or over incorrect link.  Exposed segment ID
   (after incorrectly forwarded Adjacency Segment ID) might still allow
   such packet to reach the intended destination, although the intended
   strict traversal has been broken.

   Assume in above topology, R1 sends traffic with segment stack as
   {9124, 5007, 9378} so that the path taken will be R1-R2-R4-R5-R7-R8.
   If the Adjacency Segment ID 9124 is misprogrammed in R2 to send the
   packet to R1 or R3, it will still be delivered to R8 but is not via
   the expected path.

   MPLS traceroute may help with detecting such deviation in above
   mentioned scenario.  However, in a different example, it may not be
   helpful if R3, due to misprogramming, forwards packet with Adjacency

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   Segment ID 9236 via link L1 while it is expected to be forwarded over
   Link L2.

3.2.  Service Label

   A Segment ID can represent a service based instruction.  An SR header
   can have label stack entries where the label represents a service to
   be applied along the path.  Since these labels are part of the label
   stack, they can influence the path taken by a packet and consequently
   have implications on MPLS OAM.  This document describes how the
   procedures of [RFC4379] can be applied to in the absence of service-
   labels in Section 6.5.  Additional considerations for service labels
   are included in Section 7 and requires further discussion.

4.  Segment ID sub-TLV

   The format of the following Segment ID sub-TLVs follows the
   philosophy of Target FEC Stack TLV carrying FECs corresponding to
   each label in the label stack.  When operated with the procedures
   defined in [RFC4379], this allows LSP ping/traceroute operations to
   function when Target FEC Stack TLV contains more FECs than received
   label stack at responder nodes.

   Three new sub-TLVs are defined for TLVs type 1, 16 and 21.

                     sub-Type    Value Field
                     --------  ---------------
                       TBD1      IPv4 Prefix Node Segment ID
                       TBD2      IPv6 Prefix Node Segment ID
                       TBD3      Adjacency Segment ID

   Service Segments and FRR will be considered in future version.

4.1.  IPv4 Prefix Node Segment ID

   The format is as below:

      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                         IPv4 Prefix                           |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |Prefix Length  |    Protocol   |         Reserved              |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

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   IPv4 Prefix

      This field carries the IPv4 prefix to which the Node Segment ID is
      assigned.

   Prefix Length

      The Prefix Length field is one octet, it gives the length of the
      prefix in bits (values can be 1 - 32).

   Protocol

      Set to 1 if the IGP protocol is OSPF and 2 if IGP protocol is
      ISIS.

4.2.  IPv6 Prefix Node Segment ID

   The format is as below:

      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                                                               |
     |                         IPv6 Prefix                           |
     |                                                               |
     |                                                               |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |Prefix Length  |    Protocol   |              Reserved         |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   IPv6 Prefix

      This field carries the IPv6 prefix to which the Node Segment ID is
      assigned.

   Prefix Length

      The Prefix Length field is one octet, it gives the length of the
      prefix in bits (values can be 1 - 128).

   Protocol

      Set to 1 if the IGP protocol is OSPF and 2 if IGP protocol is
      ISIS.

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4.3.  IGP Adjacency Segment ID

   The format is as below:

      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                Local Interface ID (4 or 16 octets)            |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                Remote Interface ID (4 or 16 octets)           |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |   Protocol    |  Adj. Type    |                               |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+                               |
     |                Advertising Node Identifier                    |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Local Interface ID

      An identifier that is assigned by local LSR for a link on which
      Adjacency Segment ID is bound.  This field is set to local link
      address (IPv4 or IPv6).  Incase of unnumbered, 32 bit link
      identifier defined in [RFC4203], [RFC5307] is used.  If the
      Adjacency Segment ID represents parallel adjacencies
      (Section 3.5.1 of [I-D.filsfils-spring-segment-routing]) this
      field MUST be set to zero.

   Remote Interface ID

      An identifier that is assigned by remote LSR for a link on which
      Adjacency Segment ID is bound.  This field is set to remote
      (downstream neighbor) link address (IPv4 or IPv6).  In case of
      unnumbered, 32 bit link identifier defined in [RFC4203], [RFC5307]
      is used.  If the Adjacency Segment ID represents parallel
      adjacencies (Section 3.5.1 of
      [I-D.filsfils-spring-segment-routing]) this field MUST be set to
      zero.

   Protocol

      Set to 1 if the IGP protocol is OSPF and 2 if IGP protocol is ISIS

   Adj. Type

      Set to 4, if the Local/Remote Interface ID is of 4 octets and set
      to 6 if the field is of 16 octets.

   Advertising Node Identifier

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      Specifies the advertising node identifier.  When Protocol is set
      to 1, then the 32 rightmost bits represent OSPF Router ID and if
      protocol is set to 2, this field carries 48 bit ISIS System ID.

5.  Extension to Downstream Mapping TLV

   In an echo reply, the Downstream Mapping TLV [RFC4379] is used to
   report for each interface over which a FEC could be forwarded.  For a
   FEC, there are multiple protocols that may be used to distribute
   label mapping.  The "Protocol" field of the Downstream Mapping TLV is
   used to return the protocol that is used to distribute a specific a
   label.  The following protocols are defined in section 3.2 of
   [RFC4379]:

      Protocol #        Signaling Protocol
      ----------        ------------------
               0        Unknown
               1        Static
               2        BGP
               3        LDP
               4        RSVP-TE

   With segment routing, OSPF or ISIS can be used for label
   distribution, this document adds two new protocols as follows:

      Protocol #        Signaling Protocol
      ----------        ------------------
               5        OSPF
               6        ISIS

6.  Procedures

   This section describes aspects of LSP Ping and traceroute operations
   that require further considerations beyond [RFC4379].

6.1.  FECs in Target FEC Stack TLV

   When LSP echo request packets are generated by an initiator, FECs
   carried in Target FEC Stack TLV may need to or desire to have
   deviating contents.  This document outlines expected Target FEC Stack
   TLV construction mechanics by initiator for known scenarios.

      Ping

         Initiator MUST include FEC(s) corresponding to the destination
         segment.

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         Initiator MAY include FECs corresponding to some or all of
         segments imposed in the label stack by the initiator to
         communicate the segments traversed.

      Traceroute

         Initiator MUST initially include FECs corresponding to all of
         segments imposed in the label stack.

         When a received echo reply contains FEC Stack Change TLV with
         one or more of original segment(s) being popped, initiator MAY
         remove corresponding FEC(s) from Target FEC Stack TLV in the
         next (TTL+1) traceroute request.

         When a received echo reply does not contain FEC Stack Change
         TLV, initiator MUST NOT attempt to remove FEC(s) from Target
         FEC Stack TLV in the next (TTL+1) traceroute request.  Note
         that Downstream Label field of DSMAP/DDMAP contains hints on
         how initiator may be able to update the contents of next Target
         FEC Stack TLV.  However, such hints are ambiguous without full
         understanding of PHP capabilities.

6.2.  FEC Stack Change sub-TLV

   Section 3.3.1.3 of [RFC6424] defines a new sub-TLV that a router must
   include when the FEC stack changes.

   The network node which advertised the Node Segment ID is responsible
   for generating FEC Stack Change sub-TLV of &pop& operation for Node
   Segment ID, regardless of if PHP is enabled or not.

   The network node that is immediate downstream of the node which
   advertised the Adjacency Segment ID is responsible for generating FEC
   Stack Change sub-TLV of &pop& operation for Adjacency Segment ID.

6.3.  Segment ID POP Operation

   The forwarding semantic of Node Segment ID with PHP flag is
   equivalent to usage of implicit Null in MPLS protocols.  Adjacency
   Segment ID is also similar in a sense that it can be thought as next
   hop destined locally allocated segment that has PHP enabled.
   Procedures described in Section 4.4 of [RFC4379] relies on Stack-D
   and Stack-R explicitly having Implicit Null value.  It may simplify
   implementations to reuse Implicit Null for Node Segment ID PHP and
   Adjacency Segment ID cases.  However, it is technically incorrect for
   Implicit Null value to externally appear.  Therefore, implicit Null
   MUST NOT be placed in Stack-D and Interface and Label Stack TLV for
   Node Segment ID PHP and Adjacency Segment ID cases.

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6.4.  Segment ID Check

      If the Target FEC Stack Sub-TLV at FEC-stack-depth is TBD1 (IPv4
      Prefix Node Segment ID), the responder SHOULD set Best return code
      to (error code TBD) if any below conditions fail:

      *  Validate that Node Segment ID is advertised for IPv4 Prefix.

      *  Validate that Node Segment ID is advertisement of PHP bit.

      *  To be Updated

      If the Target FEC Sub-TLV at FEC-stack-depth is TBD2 (IPv6 Prefix
      Node Segment ID), set Best return code to (error code TBD) if any
      below conditions fail:

      *  Validate that Node Segment ID is advertised for IPv6 Prefix.

      *  Validate that Node Segment ID is advertised of PHP bit.

      *  To be Updated

      If the Target FEC sub-TLV at FEC-stack-depth is TBD3 (Adjacency
      Segment ID), set Best return code to (error code TBD) if any below
      conditions fail:

      *  Validate that Remote Interface ID matches the local identifier
         of the interface on which the packet was received.

      *  Validate that IGP Adjacency Segment ID is advertised by
         Advertising Node Identifier of Protocol in local IGP database.

6.5.  TTL Consideration for traceroute

   LSP Traceroute operation can properly traverse every hop of Segment
   Routing network in Uniform Model described in [RFC3443].  If one or
   more LSRs employ Short Pipe Model described in [RFC3443], then LSP
   Traceroute may not be able to properly traverse every hop of Segment
   Routing network due to absence of TTL copy operation when outer label
   is popped.  In such scenario, following TTL manipulation technique
   MAY be used.

   When tracing a LSP according to the procedures in [RFC4379] the TTL
   is incremented by one in order to trace the path sequentially along
   the LSP.  However when a source routed LSP has to be traced there are
   as many TTLs as there are labels in the stack.  The LSR that
   initiates the traceroute SHOULD start by setting the TTL to 1 for the
   tunnel in the LSP's label stack it wants to start the tracing from,

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   the TTL of all outer labels in the stack to the max value, and the
   TTL of all the inner labels in the stack to zero.  Thus a typical
   start to the traceroute would have a TTL of 1 for the outermost label
   and all the inner labels would have TTL 0.  If the FEC Stack TLV is
   included it should contain only those for the inner stacked tunnels.
   The lack of an echo response or the Return Code/Subcode should be
   used to diagnose the tunnel as described in [RFC4379].  When the
   tracing of a tunnel in the stack is complete, then the next tunnel in
   the stack should be traced.  The end of a tunnel can be detected from
   the "Return Code" when it indicates that the responding LSR is an
   egress for the stack at depth 1.  Thus the traceroute procedures in
   [RFC4379] can be recursively applied to traceroute a source routed
   LSP.

7.  Issues with non-forwarding labels

   Source stacking can be optionally used to apply services on the
   packet at a LSR along the path, where a label in the stack is used to
   trigger service application.  A data plane failure detection and
   isolation mechanism should provide its functionality without applying
   these services.  This is mandatory for services that are stateful,
   though for stateless services [RFC4379] could be used as-is.  It MAY
   also provide a mechanism to detect and isolate faults within the
   service function itself.

   To prevent services from being applied to an "echo request" packet,
   the TTL of service labels MUST be 0.  However TTL processing rules of
   a service label must be the same as any MPLS label.  Due to this a
   TTL of 0 in the service label would prevent the packet from being
   forwarded beyond the LSR that provides the service.  To avoid this
   problem, the originator of the "echo request" MUST NOT include the
   service label in the label stack of an echo request above the tunnel
   label of the tunnel that is being currently traced.  In other words
   the ingress must remove all service-labels above the label of the
   tunnel being currently traced, but retain service labels below it
   when sending the echo request.  Note that load balancing may affect
   the path when the service labels are removed, resulting in a newer
   path being traversed.  However this new path is potentially different
   only up to the LSR that provides the service.  Since this portion of
   the path was traced when the tunnels above this tunnel in the stack
   were traced and followed the exact path as the source routed LSP,
   this should not be a major concern.  Sometimes the newer path may
   have a problem that was not in the original path resulting in a false
   positive.  In such a case the original path can be traversed by
   changing the label stack to reach the intermediate LSR with labels
   that route along each hop explicitly.

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8.  IANA Considerations

8.1.  New Target FEC Stack Sub-TLVs

   IANA is requested to assign 3 new Sub-TLVs from "Sub-TLVs for TLV
   Types 1, 16 and 21" sub-registry.

     Sub-Type          Sub-TLV Name             Reference
   ----------        -----------------         ------------
      TBD1        IPv4 Prefix Node Segment ID  Section 4.1 (this document)
      TBD2        IPv6 Prefix Node Segment ID  Section 4.2 (this document)
      TBD3        Adjacency Segment ID         Section 4.3 (this document)

9.  Security Considerations

   This document defines additional Sub-TLVs and follows the mechanism
   defined in [RFC4379].  So all the security consideration defined in
   [RFC4379] will be applicable for this document and in addition it
   does not impose any security challenges to be considered.

10.  Acknowledgement

   The authors would like to thank Stefano Previdi, Les Ginsberg, Balaji
   Rajagopalan and Harish Sitaraman for their review and comments.

   The authors wold like to thank Loa Andersson for his comments and
   recommendation to merge drafts.

11.  Contributing Authors

   Tarek Saad
   Cisco Systems
   Email: tsaad@cisco.com

   Siva Sivabalan
   Cisco Systems
   Email: msiva@cisco.com

12.  References

12.1.  Normative References

   [I-D.filsfils-spring-segment-routing]
              Filsfils, C., Previdi, S., Bashandy, A., Decraene, B.,
              Litkowski, S., Horneffer, M., Milojevic, I., Shakir, R.,
              Ytti, S., Henderickx, W., Tantsura, J., and E. Crabbe,
              "Segment Routing Architecture", draft-filsfils-spring-
              segment-routing-04 (work in progress), July 2014.

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   [I-D.filsfils-spring-segment-routing-use-cases]
              Filsfils, C., Francois, P., Previdi, S., Decraene, B.,
              Litkowski, S., Horneffer, M., Milojevic, I., Shakir, R.,
              Ytti, S., Henderickx, W., Tantsura, J., Kini, S., and E.
              Crabbe, "Segment Routing Use Cases", draft-filsfils-
              spring-segment-routing-use-cases-01 (work in progress),
              October 2014.

   [I-D.gredler-spring-mpls]
              Gredler, H., Rekhter, Y., Jalil, L., Kini, S., and X. Xu,
              "Supporting Source/Explicitly Routed Tunnels via Stacked
              LSPs", draft-gredler-spring-mpls-06 (work in progress),
              May 2014.

   [RFC0792]  Postel, J., "Internet Control Message Protocol", STD 5,
              RFC 792, September 1981.

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [RFC3443]  Agarwal, P. and B. Akyol, "Time To Live (TTL) Processing
              in Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) Networks", RFC
              3443, January 2003.

   [RFC4203]  Kompella, K. and Y. Rekhter, "OSPF Extensions in Support
              of Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS)",
              RFC 4203, October 2005.

   [RFC4379]  Kompella, K. and G. Swallow, "Detecting Multi-Protocol
              Label Switched (MPLS) Data Plane Failures", RFC 4379,
              February 2006.

   [RFC5307]  Kompella, K. and Y. Rekhter, "IS-IS Extensions in Support
              of Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS)",
              RFC 5307, October 2008.

   [RFC6424]  Bahadur, N., Kompella, K., and G. Swallow, "Mechanism for
              Performing Label Switched Path Ping (LSP Ping) over MPLS
              Tunnels", RFC 6424, November 2011.

12.2.  Informative References

   [RFC6291]  Andersson, L., van Helvoort, H., Bonica, R., Romascanu,
              D., and S. Mansfield, "Guidelines for the Use of the "OAM"
              Acronym in the IETF", BCP 161, RFC 6291, June 2011.

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Internet-Draft        LSP Ping/Trace for SR on MPLS         October 2014

   [RFC6425]  Saxena, S., Swallow, G., Ali, Z., Farrel, A., Yasukawa,
              S., and T. Nadeau, "Detecting Data-Plane Failures in
              Point-to-Multipoint MPLS - Extensions to LSP Ping", RFC
              6425, November 2011.

Authors' Addresses

   Nagendra Kumar
   Cisco Systems, Inc.
   7200 Kit Creek Road
   Research Triangle Park, NC  27709
   US

   Email: naikumar@cisco.com

   George Swallow
   Cisco Systems, Inc.
   1414 Massachusetts Ave
   Boxborough, MA  01719
   US

   Email: swallow@cisco.com

   Carlos Pignataro
   Cisco Systems, Inc.
   7200 Kit Creek Road
   Research Triangle Park, NC  27709-4987
   US

   Email: cpignata@cisco.com

   Nobo Akiya
   Cisco Systems, Inc.
   2000 Innovation Drive
   Kanata, ON  K2K 3E8
   Canada

   Email: nobo@cisco.com

   Sriganesh Kini
   Ericsson

   Email: sriganesh.kini@ericsson.com

Kumar, et al.            Expires April 30, 2015                [Page 14]
Internet-Draft        LSP Ping/Trace for SR on MPLS         October 2014

   Hannes Gredler
   Juniper Networks

   Email: hannes@juniper.net

   Mach(Guoyi) Chen
   Huawei

   Email: mach.chen@huawei.com

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