Multiple IPv4 - IPv6 address mapping encapsulation - fixed prefix (M46E-FP)
draft-matsuhira-m46e-fp-12
| Document | Type | Active Internet-Draft (individual) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Author | Naoki Matsuhira | ||
| Last updated | 2022-04-03 | ||
| Stream | (None) | ||
| Intended RFC status | (None) | ||
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draft-matsuhira-m46e-fp-12
Network Working Group N. Matsuhira
Internet-Draft WIDE Project
Intended status: Informational 4 April 2022
Expires: 6 October 2022
Multiple IPv4 - IPv6 address mapping encapsulation - fixed prefix (M46E-
FP)
draft-matsuhira-m46e-fp-12
Abstract
This document specifies Multiple IPv4 - IPv6 address mapping
encapsulation - fixed prefix (M46E-FP) specification. M46E-FP makes
backbone network to IPv6 only. And also, M46E-FP can stack many IPv4
networks, i.e. the networks using same IPv4 (private) addresses,
without interdependence.
Requirements Language
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].
Status of This Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute
working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-
Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.
Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
This Internet-Draft will expire on 6 October 2022.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2022 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
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This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/
license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document.
Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights
and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components
extracted from this document must include Revised BSD License text as
described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are
provided without warranty as described in the Revised BSD License.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2. Architecture of M46E-FP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3. Basic Network Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4. Basic Function of M46E-FP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.1. IPv4 over IPv6 Encapsulation / Decapsulation . . . . . . 6
4.2. M46A architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4.3. Route Advertisement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
5. Stacking IPv4 Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
6. Redundancy of M46E-FP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
7. Example of M46E-FP Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
7.1. Basic M46E-FP Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
7.2. M46E-FP Operation with plane ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
8. Characteristic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
9. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
10. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
11. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
11.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
11.2. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
1. Introduction
This document provides Multiple IPv4 - IPv6 address maping
encapsulation - fixed prefix (M46E-FP) specification.
The basic strategy for IPv6 deployment is dual stack. Viewing this
strategy from operational side, operation cost of dual stack is
higher than single stack operation. Viewing from future, IPv6 only
operation is more reasonable rather than IPv4 only operation.
Therefore IPv6 only operation is desired.
M46E-FP makes backbone network to IPv6 only and privide IPv4
connectivities. And also, M46E-FP can stack many IPv4 networks, i.e.
the networks using same IPv4 (private) address, without
interdependence.
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2. Architecture of M46E-FP
IP address contain two information, one is locator information, and
another is identifier information. This is basic architecture of
internet protocol, and also the Internet, and no difference between
IPv4 and IPv6.
Locater is a information related "Where", and indentifier is a
information related "Who". That mean, IP address's semantics is
"Where's Who" meaning. Host is identified whole IP address
information, that is "Where's Who", however route to the host is
identified just locator information in IP address, that is "Where".
See Figure 1.
|<------ IP address ------------------>|
|<----- Locator ----->|<--Identifier-->|
(Where ) (Who)
+---------------------+----------------+
| | |
+---------------------+----------------+
Figure 1
In IPv4 address space, some host has IPv4 address, which consist n
bits length identifier and 32 - n bits locator. In Where's Who
representation, 32 - n bits "Where" and n bits "Who".
Keeping such "Where's Who" relation, IPv4 address can be represent as
IPv6 address by expanding "Where" information from 32 - n bits to 128
- n bits. Expanding " Where" information, IPv4 address can be mapped
to IPv6 address. Figure 2 shows such expanding.
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|<------------------------ 128 bits ----------------------------->|
|<-------------------- 96 bits ------------------->|<-- 32 bits ->|
| : |
| : |
| +-------:------+
| | IPv4 address |
| +-------:------+
| |<-Loc->:<-ID->|
| | 32-n : n |
| | bits : bits |
| | : |
+--------------------------------------------------+-------:------+
| M46A prefix (no IPv4 network plane ID) | IPv4 address |
+--------------------------------------------------+-------:------+
| : |
|<------------- Locator (128 - n bits ) ------------------>:<-ID->|
| : n |
| : bits |
Figure 2
IPv4 address space contain private address, that is non globally
unique IP address. If some identifier which distinguish private
address can introduce in IPv6 address space, we can treate IPv4
private address as different address in IPv6 address space. This
document define such identifier as "IPv4 network plane ID". "IPv6
network plane ID" can provide VPN (Virtual Private Network) like
service.
That is M46A. In M46E-FP address, "Where" information's bit length
is 128 -n bits, and "Who" information's bit length is n bits.
Figure 3 shows summary of IPv4 address and M46E-FP address relation.
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|<------------------------ 128 bits ----------------------------->|
|<-------------------- 96 bits ------------------->|<-- 32 bits ->|
| : |
| : |
| +-------:------+
| | IPv4 address |
| +-------:------+
| |<-Loc->:<-ID->|
| | 32-n : n |
| | bits : bits |
| | : |
+--------------------------------------------------+-------:------+
| M46A prefix (no IPv4 network plane ID) | IPv4 address |
+--------------------------------------------------+-------:------+
| : |
| : |
| 96 - m bits | m bits | 32 bits |
+-----------------------+--------------------------+-------:------+
| M46A prefix | IPv4 network plane ID | IPv4 address |
+-----------------------+--------------------------+-------:------+
|<------------- Locator (128 - n bits ) ------------------>:<-ID->|
| : n |
| : bits |
Figure 3
3. Basic Network Configuration
Figure 4 shows network configuration with M46E-FP. The network
consists of three parts. Backbone network, stub network, and M46E-
FP.
Backbone network is operated with IPv6 only. Stub network has three
cases. IPv4 only, Dual Stack (both IPv4 and IPv6), and IPv6 only.
M46E-FP connects backbone network and stub network in case IPv4 still
works in that stub network. If stub network is IPv6 only, M46E-FP is
not needed.
Campus network, corporate network, ISP and datacenter network are the
example for such network.
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/---------------------------------------------------\
| |
| Backbone Network |
| (IPv6 only) |
| |
\---------------------------------------------------/
| | |
+-------+ +-------+ |
|M46E-FP| |M46E-FP| |
+-------+ +-------+ |
| | |
/--------------\ /--------------\ /--------------\
| | | | | |
| Stub Network | | Stub Network | | Stub Network |
| (IPv4 only) | | (Dual Stack) | | (IPv6 only) |
| | | | | |
\--------------/ \--------------/ \--------------/
Figure 4
4. Basic Function of M46E-FP
M46E-FP has mainly two function. One is IPv4 over IPv6 Encapsulation
/ Decapsulation, and another is advertise route for stub network.
4.1. IPv4 over IPv6 Encapsulation / Decapsulation
M46E-FP encapsulates IPv4 packet to IPv6 from stub network to
backbone network, and decapsulates IPv6 packet to IPv4 from backbone
network to stub network. Figure 5 shows such movement.
+--------+------------+ +----------+--------+------------+
|IPv4 Hdr| Data | --> | IPv6 Hdr |IPv4 Hdr| Data |
+--------+------------+ +----------+--------+------------+
+--------+------------+ +----------+--------+------------+
|IPv4 Hdr| Data | <-- | IPv6 Hdr |IPv4 Hdr| Data |
+--------+------------+ +----------+--------+------------+
/-------------------\ +-------+ /-----------------------------\
| Stub Network |--|M46E-FP|--| Backbone Network |
| (IPv4) | +-------+ | (IPv6 only) |
\-------------------/ \-----------------------------/
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Figure 5
M46E-FP MUST support tunnel MTU discovery [RFC1853]. When
encapsulated IPv6 Packet size exceed path MTU and inner IPv4 packet
have the Don't Fragment bit is set, M46E-FP MUST return ICMP
Destination unreachable message with Type3 Code4, fragmentation
needed and DS set [RFC0792].
In case IPv6, M46E-FP just relays IPv6 packet.
+----------+------------+ +----------+------------+
| IPv6 Hdr | data | --> | IPv6 Hdr | data |
+----------+------------+ +----------+------------+
+----------+------------+ +----------+------------+
| IPv6 Hdr | data | <-- | IPv6 Hdr | data |
+----------+------------+ +----------+------------+
/---------------------\ +-------+ /--------------------\
| Stub Network |--|M46E-FP|--| Backbone Network |
| (IPv6) | +-------+ | (IPv6 only) |
\--------------------/ \---------------------/
Figure 6
By IPv4 over IPv6 function, M46E-FP make backbone network to IPv6
only.
4.2. M46A architecture
M46A is a IPv6 address used in outer IPv6 header which encapsulate
IPv4 packet by M46E-FP. M46A is described in M46A
[I-D.draft-matsuhira-m46a].
Figure 7 shows M46A address architecture
| 96 - m bits | m bits | 32 bits |
+-----------------------+--------------------------+--------------+
| M46A prefix | IPv4 network plane ID | IPv4 address |
+-----------------------+--------------------------+--------------+
Figure 7
M46A consists of three parts as follows.
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M46A prefix
M46A prefix. This value is fixed value and preconfigured to all
M46E-FP in the networks.
IPv4 network plane ID
IPv4 network plane ID is an identifier of IPv4 network stack over
IPv6 backbone network. This value is preconfigured depend on the
M46E-FP belong which IPv4 network plane. For more detail see
Section 5.
IPv4 address
IPv4 address in inner IPv4 packet.
M46A is resolved copying IPv4 address in inner IPv4 packet, and
preconfigured values, M46A prefix and IPv4 network plane ID.
4.3. Route Advertisement
M46E-FP converts stub network's IPv4 route to M46E-FP IPv6 route and
advertises to backbone network. And reverse direction, M46E-FP
converts M46E-FP IPv6 route to IPv4 route, that advertises other IPv4
stub networks.
The IPv4 route for stub network is map to M46E-FP IPv6 route one to
one, so number of route of IPv4 is same as number of route of M46E-FP
IPv6 route. Total number of route is same as when backbone network
operate dual stack, without M46E-FP.
In stub network, usual dynamic routing protocol for IPv4 and IPv6 can
be used such as RIPv2 [RFC2453], RIPng [RFC2080], OSPFv2 [RFC2328],
OSPFv3 [RFC2740] and IS-IS [RFC1195][RFC5308]. Similarly, in
backbone network, usual dynamic routing protocol for IPv6 can be used
such as RIPng [RFC2080], OSPFv3 [RFC2740] and IS-IS [RFC5308] .
If want using default route, default M46E-FP advertise the route
[M46E-FP address prefix/( 96 - m )] as default route. If want using
different default route by IPv4 network plane ID, default M46E-FP in
IPv4 network plane #1 advertise the route [ M46E-FP address prefix +
IPv4 network plane ID #1 / 96] as default route. Figure 10 in
Section 7 show the example using default route.
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5. Stacking IPv4 Networks
M46E-FP can provide VPN like service to stub networks by using
different IPv4 network plane ID value.
If backbone network operator provide IPv4 privates network service to
Organization A, backbone network operator sets IPv4 network plane ID
value =1 to the M46E-FP which connects stub network of organization
A. If there are five stub network of organization A, backbone
network operator sets same IPv4 network plane ID = 1, to five M46E-
FPs which connect stub network of organization A. If there are one
hundred stub network of organization B, backbone network operator
sets same IPv4 network plane ID = 2, to one hundred M46E-FPs which
connect stub network of organization B. If a new stub network in
organization B join, backbone network operator configures same IPv4
network plane ID = 2, to the new stub network only, which connect
stub network of organization B, and no configuration is needed to one
hundred M46E-FPs which are already connected.
Such configuration, that means same stub network group to same IPv4
network plane ID value, is simple and easy to understand, so, it is
expected that possibility of misconfiguration is very low. And also,
number of configuration is minimum, that mean, number of
configuration is same as number of stub networks, and add new stub
network, configure to new one only.
Describe above, M46E-FP can provide VPN like service, for example,
Intranet or extranet. And, after IPv4 global address running out,
some service provider may want to reuse IPv4 private address. M46E-
FP can provide such IPv4 private address networks over single IPv6
backbone network. By M46E-FP, some service providers may reuse IPv4
private address.
6. Redundancy of M46E-FP
M46E-FP brings no limit for redundancy. Figure 8 shows such example
in case two connection between backbone network and stub network.
Number of link between backbone network and stub network is not
limited, and different type of link can be used, for example, for
wire and wireless.
Configuration of M46E-FPs, which connect same stub network, is same.
That mean same M46E-FP prefix and same IPv4 network plane ID value.
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/---------------------------------------------------\
| |
| Backbone Network |
| (IPv6 only) |
| |
\---------------------------------------------------/
| | | |
+-------+ +-------+ +-------+ +-------+
|M46E-FP| |M46E-FP| |M46E-FP| |M46E-FP|
+-------+ +-------+ +-------+ +-------+
| | | |
/---------------------\ /---------------------\
| | | |
| Stub Network | | Stub Network |
| (IPv4 only) | | (Dual Stack) |
| | | |
\---------------------/ \---------------------/
Figure 8
7. Example of M46E-FP Operation
7.1. Basic M46E-FP Operation
Figure 9 shows M46E-FP operation which does not use IPv4 network
plane ID. In this example, two stub network is connected to backbone
network via M46E-FP. One stub network is 10.1.1.0/24 sub network,
and the other is 10.1.2.0/24 sub network.
When M46E-FP receives IPv4 route advertisement, then M46E-FP convert
this IPv4 route to IPv6 route by address resolution to M46E-FP
address, and advertise this IPv6 route to backbone network. When
M46E-FP receives IPv6 route advertisements, then M46E-FP converts
this IPv6 route to IPv4 route if this IPv6 route is match M46E-FP
address ( same prefix with M46E-FP), and advertise this IPv4 route to
stub network.
In this example. IPv4 route, 10.1.1.0/24 is converted to IPv6 route,
<M46E-FPprefix>:10.1.1.0/120,and IPv4 route, 10.1.2.0/24 is converted
to IPv6 route, <M46E-FPprefix>:10.1.2.0/120 at M46E-FP from stub
network to backbone network. And, from backbone network to stub
network, IPv6 route, <M46E-FPprefix>:10.1.1.0/120 is converted to
IPv4 route, 10.1.1.0/24, and IPv6 route, <M46E-FPprefix>:10.1.2.0/120
is converted to IPv4 route, 10.1.2.0/24.
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/-------------\ +-----+ /------------\ +-----+ /-------------\
|Stub Network | | | | Backbone | | | |Stub Network |
|(10.1.1.0/24)|--|M46E |--| Network |--|M46E |--|(10.1.2.0/24)|
| | | -FP | |(IPv6 only) | | -FP | | |
\-------------/ +-----+ \------------/ +-----+ \-------------/
[10.1.1.0/24] ---> [<M46A prefix>:10.1.1.0/120] ---> [10.1.1.0/24]
[10.1.2.0/24] <--- [<M46A prefix>:10.1.2.0/120] <--- [10.1.2.0/24]
+---------+----+ +---------+----+----+ +---------+----+
| data |IPv4| --> | data |IPv4|IPv6| --> | data |IPv4|
+---------+----+ +---------+----+----+ +---------+----+
src: 10.1.1.1 src: <M46A prefix>:10.1.1.1 src: 10.1.1.1
dst: 10.1.2.1 dst: <M46A prefix>:10.1.2.1 dst: 10.1.2.1
Figure 9
Figure 10 shows the example using default route. Default route is
useful in case most packets are routed same path. Typically, access
network is one of the example. Although using default route,
communication between stub networks can be done. Communication
between host 10.1.1.1 and host 10.1.2.1 can be done inside in access
network, and does not pass over default M46E-FP.
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/------------\
| |
/-------------\ +-----+ | | +-----+ /-------------\
| Backbone | | | | Access | | | |Stub Network |
| Network |--|M46E |--| Network |--|M46E |--|(10.1.1.0/24)|
| | | -FP | |(IPv6 only) | | -FP | | |
\-------------/ +-----+ | | +-----+ \-------------/
(default) | <--[<M46A prefix>:10.1.1.0/120]
[<M46A prefix>/96] --> |
| |
| | +-----+ /-------------\
| | | | |Stub Network |
| |--|M46E |--|(10.1.2.0/24)|
| | | -FP | | |
| | +-----+ \-------------/
| <--[<M46A prefix>:10.1.2.0/120]
| |
| |
| | +-----+ /-------------\
| | | | |Stub Network |
| |--|M46E |--|(10.1.3.0/24)|
| | | -FP | | |
| | +-----+ \-------------/
| <--[<M46A prefix>:10.1.3.0/120]
| |
\------------/
Figure 10
7.2. M46E-FP Operation with plane ID
Figure 11 shows M46E-FP operation which uses IPv4 network plane ID.
In this example, there are two planes, and two stub network in each
plane is connected to backbone network via M46E-FP. In each plane,
one stub network is 10.1.1.0/24 sub network, and the other is
10.1.2.0/24 sub network, that means same IPv4 address is used in
different plane.
When M46E-FP receives IPv4 route advertisements, then M46E-FP
converts this IPv4 route to IPv6 route by address resolution to M46E-
FP address, and advertise this IPv6 route to backbone network. When
M46E-FP receives IPv6 route advertisements, then M46E-FP converts
this IPv6 route to IPv4 route if this IPv6 route is match M46E-FP
address ( same prefix with M46E-FP), and advertises this IPv4 route
to stub network.
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In this example in plane #1. IPv4 route, 10.1.1.0/24 is converted to
IPv6 route, <M46E-FPprefix><#1>:10.1.1.0/120,and IPv4 route,
10.1.2.0/24 is converted to IPv6 route, <M46E-
FPprefix><#1>:10.1.2.0/120 at M46E-FP from stub network to backbone
network. And, from backbone network to stub network, IPv6 route,
<M46E-FPprefix><#1>:10.1.1.0/120 is converted to IPv4 route,
10.1.1.0/24, and IPv6 route, <M46E-FPprefix><#1>:10.1.2.0/120 is
converted to IPv4 route, 10.1.2.0/24.
And also, In this example in plane #2. IPv4 route, 10.1.1.0/24 is
converted to IPv6 route, <M46E-FPprefix><#2>:10.1.1.0/120,and IPv4
route, 10.1.2.0/24 is converted to IPv6 route, <M46E-
FPprefix><#2>:10.1.2.0/120 at M46E-FP from stub network to backbone
network. And, from backbone network to stub network, IPv6 route,
<M46E-FPprefix><#2>:10.1.1.0/120 is converted to IPv4 route,
10.1.1.0/24, and IPv6 route, <M46E-FPprefix><#2>:10.1.2.0/120 is
converted to IPv4 route, 10.1.2.0/24.
In IPv6 space, address <M46E-FPprefix><#1>:10.1.1.1 and address
<M46E-FPprefix><#2>:10.1.1.1 are different address, route <M46E-
FPprefix><#1>:10.1.1.0/120 and route <M46E-FPprefix><#2>:10.1.1.0/120
are different route, although in IPv4 space, address 10.1.1.1 in
plane #1 and 10.1.1.1 in plane#2 are same address, route 10.1.1.0/24
in plane#1 and route 10.1.1.0/24 in plane#2 are same route.
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/------------\
.......<plane#1>............|............|............................
: /-------------\ +-----+ | | +-----+ /-------------\ :
: | Stub Network| | | | | | | | Stub Network| :
: |(10.1.1.0/24)|--|M46E |--| Backbone |--|M46E |--|(10.1.2.0/24)| :
: | | | -FP | | Network | | -FP | | | :
: \-------------/ +-----+ |(IPv6 only) | +-----+ \-------------/ :
:...........................|............|...........................:
| |
........<plane#2>...........|............|............................
: /-------------\ +-----+ | | +-----+ /-------------\ :
: | Stub Network| | | | | | | | Stub Network| :
: |(10.1.1.0/24)|--|M46E |--| |--|M46E |--|(10.1.2.0/24)| :
: | | | -FP | | | | -FP | | | :
: \-------------/ +-----+ | | +-----+ \-------------/ :
:...........................|............|...........................:
\------------/
<<plane #1>>
[10.1.1.0/24] --> [<M46A prefix><#1>:10.1.1.0/120] --> [10.1.1.0/24]
[10.1.2.0/24] <-- [<M46A prefix><#1>:10.1.2.0/120] <-- [10.1.2.0/24]
+---------+----+ +---------+----+----+ +---------+----+
| data |IPv4| --> | data |IPv4|IPv6| --> | data |IPv4|
+---------+----+ +---------+----+----+ +---------+----+
src: 10.1.1.1 src: <M46A prefix><#1>:10.1.1.1 src: 10.1.1.1
dst: 10.1.2.1 dst: <M46A prefix><#1>:10.1.2.1 dst: 10.1.2.1
<<plane#2>>
[10.1.1.0/24] --> [<M46A prefix><#2>:10.1.1.0/120] --> [10.1.1.0/24]
[10.1.2.0/24] <-- [<M46A prefix><#2>:10.1.2.0/120] <-- [10.1.2.0/24]
+---------+----+ +---------+----+----+ +---------+----+
| data |IPv4| --> | data |IPv4|IPv6| --> | data |IPv4|
+---------+----+ +---------+----+----+ +---------+----+
src: 10.1.1.1 src: <M46A prefix><#2>:10.1.1.1 src: 10.1.1.1
dst: 10.1.2.1 dst: <M46A prefix><#2>:10.1.2.1 dst: 10.1.2.1
Figure 11
Figure 12shows the example using default route with IPv4 network
plane. In this case, default M46E-FP may configure different by each
IPv4 network plane.
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/------------\
.......<plane#1>............|............|............................
: /-------------\ +-----+ | | +-----+ /-------------\ :
: | Backbone | | | | | | | | Stub Network| :
: | Network |--|M46E |--| Access |--|M46E |--|(10.1.1.0/24)| :
: | | | -FP | | Network | | -FP | | | :
: \-------------/ +-----+ |(IPv6 only) | +-----+ \-------------/ :
: (default) | <--[<M46A prefix><#1>:10.1.1.0/120] :
: [<M46A prefix><#1>/96] --> | :
: | | :
: | | :
: | | +-----+ /-------------\ :
: | | | | | Stub Network| :
: | |--|M46E |--|(10.1.2.0/24)| :
: | | | -FP | | | :
: | | +-----+ \-------------/ :
: | <--[<M46A prefix><#1>:10.1.2.0/120] :
:...........................|............|...........................:
| |
.......<plane#2>............|............|............................
: /-------------\ +-----+ | | +-----+ /-------------\ :
: | Backbone | | | | | | | | Stub Network| :
: | Network |--|M46E |--| |--|M46E |--|(10.1.1.0/24)| :
: | | | -FP | | | | -FP | | | :
: \-------------/ +-----+ | | +-----+ \-------------/ :
: (default) | <--[<M46A prefix><#2>:10.1.1.0/120] :
: [<M46A prefix><#2>/96] --> | :
: | | :
: | | :
: | | +-----+ /-------------\ :
: | | | | | Stub Network| :
: | |--|M46E |--|(10.1.2.0/24)| :
: | | | -FP | | | :
: | | +-----+ \-------------/ :
: | <--[<M46A prefix><#2>:10.1.2.0/120] :
:...........................|............|...........................:
| |
\------------/
Figure 12
8. Characteristic
M46E-FP has following useful characteristics.
* Reduce backbone network operation cost with IPv6 single stack ( at
least less than Dual Stack)
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Internet-Draft M46E-FP April 2022
* Can allocate IPv4 address to stub networks, which used in backbone
network before installing M46E-FP
* Less configuration
* No need for special protocol
* No dependent Layer 2 network
* Can Stack IPv4 Private networks
* Easy stop IPv4 operation in stub network for future ( just remove
M46E-FP)
* Provide redundancy
9. IANA Considerations
This document makes no request of IANA.
Note to RFC Editor: this section may be removed on publication as an
RFC.
10. Security Considerations
M46E-FP use automatic Encapsulation / Decapsulation technologies.
Security consideration related tunneling technologies are discussed
in RFC2893[RFC2893], RFC2267[RFC2267], etc.
11. References
11.1. Normative References
[I-D.draft-matsuhira-m46a]
Matsuhira, N., "Multiple IPv4 - IPv6 mapped IPv6 address",
1 June 2019.
[RFC0792] Postel, J., "Internet Control Message Protocol", STD 5,
RFC 792, DOI 10.17487/RFC0792, September 1981,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc792>.
[RFC1853] Simpson, W., "IP in IP Tunneling", RFC 1853,
DOI 10.17487/RFC1853, October 1995,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc1853>.
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Internet-Draft M46E-FP April 2022
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.
11.2. References
[RFC1195] Callon, R., "Use of OSI IS-IS for routing in TCP/IP and
dual environments", RFC 1195, DOI 10.17487/RFC1195,
December 1990, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc1195>.
[RFC2080] Malkin, G. and R. Minnear, "RIPng for IPv6", RFC 2080,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2080, January 1997,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2080>.
[RFC2267] Ferguson, P. and D. Senie, "Network Ingress Filtering:
Defeating Denial of Service Attacks which employ IP Source
Address Spoofing", RFC 2267, DOI 10.17487/RFC2267, January
1998, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2267>.
[RFC2328] Moy, J., "OSPF Version 2", STD 54, RFC 2328,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2328, April 1998,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2328>.
[RFC2453] Malkin, G., "RIP Version 2", STD 56, RFC 2453,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2453, November 1998,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2453>.
[RFC2740] Coltun, R., Ferguson, D., and J. Moy, "OSPF for IPv6",
RFC 2740, DOI 10.17487/RFC2740, December 1999,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2740>.
[RFC2893] Gilligan, R. and E. Nordmark, "Transition Mechanisms for
IPv6 Hosts and Routers", RFC 2893, DOI 10.17487/RFC2893,
August 2000, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2893>.
[RFC5308] Hopps, C., "Routing IPv6 with IS-IS", RFC 5308,
DOI 10.17487/RFC5308, October 2008,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5308>.
Author's Address
Naoki Matsuhira
WIDE Project
Japan
Email: naoki.matsuhira@gmail.com
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