Skip to main content

ACTN Extensions for Inter-Operator Coordination
draft-miyatoch-teas-actn-inter-operator-extension-00

Document Type Active Internet-Draft (individual)
Authors Takuya Miyasaka , Yuji Tochio
Last updated 2026-07-06
RFC stream (None)
Intended RFC status (None)
Formats
Stream Stream state (No stream defined)
Consensus boilerplate Unknown
RFC Editor Note (None)
IESG IESG state I-D Exists
Telechat date (None)
Responsible AD (None)
Send notices to (None)
draft-miyatoch-teas-actn-inter-operator-extension-00
TEAS Working Group                                           T. Miyasaka
Internet-Draft                                                      KDDI
Intended status: Informational                                 Y. Tochio
Expires: 7 January 2027                                          1Finity
                                                             6 July 2026

            ACTN Extensions for Inter-Operator Coordination
          draft-miyatoch-teas-actn-inter-operator-extension-00

Abstract

   This document specifies an extension to the ACTN framework (RFC 8453)
   that enables coordination between the MDSCs of different operators,
   so that they can establish and operate end-to-end TE services
   cooperatively while each operator keeps full control of its own
   network and keeps its internal details private.

   As its concrete realization within ACTN, the extension defines the
   MDSC-MDSC Interface (MMI), a symmetric peer interface between the
   MDSCs of different operators, in which neither MDSC has authority
   over the other, and which complements rather than modifies the CMI
   and the MPI.

   The extension is independent of the underlying switching technology
   and applies to packet, optical, and multi-layer TE networks.

About This Document

   This note is to be removed before publishing as an RFC.

   Status information for this document may be found at
   https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-miyatoch-teas-actn-inter-
   operator-extension/.

   Discussion of this document takes place on the TEAS Working Group
   mailing list (mailto:teas@ietf.org), which is archived at
   https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/browse/teas/.  Subscribe at
   https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/teas/.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

Miyasaka & Tochio        Expires 7 January 2027                 [Page 1]
Internet-Draft             Inter-Operator ACTN                 July 2026

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on 7 January 2027.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2026 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/
   license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document.
   Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights
   and restrictions with respect to this document.  Code Components
   extracted from this document must include Revised BSD License text as
   described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are
   provided without warranty as described in the Revised BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   2.  Conventions and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
   3.  Usecase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
     3.1.  Inter-operator optical connectivity . . . . . . . . . . .   5
     3.2.  Inter-operator IP traffic engineering . . . . . . . . . .   5
     3.3.  Multi-layer interconnection for AI data centers . . . . .   5
   4.  Gap Analysis  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     4.1.  Current ACTN and related IETF work  . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     4.2.  What is missing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
   5.  Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
     5.1.  Policy and information exchange between operators . . . .  10
   6.  Requirements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
     6.1.  Requirements on MDSC for inter-operator operation . . . .  11
     6.2.  Requirements for Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
       6.2.1.  Requirements for the MMI  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
       6.2.2.  Requirements for MPI interface between PNC and
               MDSC  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
       6.2.3.  Requirements for MPI interface between CNC and
               MDSC  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
   7.  Interface Protocols and YANG Data Models for the MPIs . . . .  12

Miyasaka & Tochio        Expires 7 January 2027                 [Page 2]
Internet-Draft             Inter-Operator ACTN                 July 2026

   8.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
   9.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
   10. References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
     10.1.  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
     10.2.  Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
   Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
   Contributors  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  15
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  15

1.  Introduction

   The Abstraction and Control of TE Networks (ACTN) framework [RFC8453]
   defines a three-tier hierarchy of controllers, the Customer Network
   Controller (CNC), the Multi-Domain Service Coordinator (MDSC), and
   the Provisioning Network Controllers (PNCs), connected by the CNC-
   MDSC Interface (CMI) and the MDSC-PNC Interface (MPI).  ACTN also
   addresses multi-domain networks through a hierarchical arrangement in
   which a higher-level MDSC (MDSC-H) coordinates lower-level MDSCs
   (MDSC-L) by applying the MPI recursively.  This arrangement assumes
   that all MDSCs belong to a single administrative domain, or that the
   MDSC-H holds administrative authority over every MDSC-L, and in
   either case the MDSCs are owned and operated by a single operator.

   A growing driver of network operation across different operators is
   the rapid growth of AI workloads and the data center interconnection
   (DCI) traffic they generate.  Distributed training and inference for
   large-scale AI models demand high-bandwidth, low-latency, and highly
   reliable connectivity between data centers, which are frequently
   owned by data center or cloud operators that are distinct from the
   network operators owning the wide-area transport infrastructure
   between them.  Satisfying this demand requires high-quality traffic-
   engineered paths, and increasingly end-to-end optical paths, that are
   established cooperatively across the data center operator's network
   and the networks of one or more other operators [IGF-MD-FA].

   In these deployments the networks are operated by different
   operators, so no operator controls another and no single entity can
   see or manage all of the networks.  The current ACTN framework does
   not address this case, because it assumes that the MDSC is owned and
   operated by a single operator and coordinates multiple domains only
   under that single authority.  In a multi-operator setting each
   operator owns and operates its own MDSC, but ACTN defines no
   interface between the MDSCs of different operators.  This gap is
   analyzed in detail later in this document.

   This document specifies an extension to the ACTN framework that
   enables coordination between the MDSCs of different operators, so
   that they can establish and operate end-to-end TE services

Miyasaka & Tochio        Expires 7 January 2027                 [Page 3]
Internet-Draft             Inter-Operator ACTN                 July 2026

   cooperatively while each operator keeps full control of its own
   network and keeps its internal details private.  As its concrete
   realization within ACTN, the extension defines the MDSC-MDSC
   Interface (MMI), a symmetric peer interface between the MDSCs of
   different operators.  Unlike the hierarchical use of the MPI between
   an MDSC-H and an MDSC-L, the MMI assumes no subordination, and
   neither MDSC has authority over the other.  The MMI complements, and
   does not modify, the CMI and the MPI.  The extension is independent
   of the underlying switching technology and applies to packet,
   optical, and multi-layer TE networks.  While the primary scenario is
   coordination between different operators, the same mechanism also
   applies within a single operator to networks that have independent
   control planes, for example where organizational, technological, or
   historical reasons prevent a single MDSC from having authority over
   all of them.  It relates to and where possible reuses existing IETF
   work, including the ACTN VN model [RFC9731], the TE topology model
   [RFC8795], and the applicability of ACTN to packet-optical
   integration [I-D.ietf-teas-actn-poi-applicability] and to network
   slicing [I-D.ietf-teas-applicability-actn-slicing].

2.  Conventions and Definitions

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
   "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
   BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
   capitals, as shown here.

   The terms CNC, MDSC, PNC, CMI, and MPI are used as defined in
   [RFC8453].  This document additionally uses the following terms.

   Operator:  An independent administrative entity that owns and
      operates its own ACTN stack, comprising a CNC, an MDSC, and one or
      more PNCs.

   Domain:  A network controlled by a single PNC, as in [RFC8453].  A
      domain belongs to one operator.

   Multi-domain:  Involving multiple domains within a single operator,
      as in [RFC8453].

   Multi-operator:  Involving multiple independent operators.

   Inter-operator:  Between independent operators.  This document
      defines inter-operator coordination between MDSCs.

   MMI (MDSC-MDSC Interface):  The symmetric peer interface between the
      MDSCs of different operators, defined in this document.

Miyasaka & Tochio        Expires 7 January 2027                 [Page 4]
Internet-Draft             Inter-Operator ACTN                 July 2026

3.  Usecase

   This section presents representative cases that motivate coordination
   between the MDSCs of different operators.  In each case the
   participating networks belong to different operators, and an end-to-
   end service has to be built across them without any operator
   revealing its internal network.

3.1.  Inter-operator optical connectivity

   A customer such as an enterprise, a broadcaster, or a research
   network needs a high-capacity, deterministic optical circuit between
   two sites that are reached through different operators' optical
   networks.  Each operator operates its own optical transport network
   based on WDM and OTN, and the circuit has to cross more than one of
   them.  Where the operators' networks support it, the circuit can be
   realized as an end-to-end all-optical path across their optical
   networks, avoiding optical-electrical-optical conversion at the
   boundaries [IGF-MD-FA].  The operators' MDSCs coordinate to assign
   wavelength or spectrum at the border between their networks, to
   validate optical feasibility across the boundary, and to agree on the
   end-to-end optical budget such as OSNR and latency, while each
   operator exposes only its border capabilities and an abstracted view
   of its reachability.

3.2.  Inter-operator IP traffic engineering

   A service such as low-latency financial connectivity, real-time media
   transport, or an enterprise VPN needs a traffic-engineered path that
   spans more than one operator's IP/MPLS network.  Each operator
   operates its own IP/MPLS network, and inter-operator connectivity
   today relies on static peering with little dynamic TE coordination.
   The operators' MDSCs coordinate to reserve bandwidth at the inter-
   operator links and to compute a TE path that meets the end-to-end
   objective, while each operator keeps control of how the path is
   realized inside its own network.

3.3.  Multi-layer interconnection for AI data centers

   Large-scale AI workloads, together with the power and siting
   constraints of large data centers, are driving operators to
   distribute data centers across multiple sites, which increases the
   traffic between them.  These data centers are run by a data center or
   cloud operator, while the wide-area connectivity between the sites is
   provided by one or more network operators.  The data center operator
   runs an IP or packet-optical network at each site, and the network
   operators provide the transport between the sites over OTN and
   optical (WDM) infrastructure, so the end-to-end service is both

Miyasaka & Tochio        Expires 7 January 2027                 [Page 5]
Internet-Draft             Inter-Operator ACTN                 July 2026

   multi-layer and multi-operator.  The data center operator's MDSC and
   the network operators' MDSCs coordinate to build a packet or IP
   connection that is carried over OTN or optical paths across those
   operators, agreeing on the interconnection points, the end-to-end
   latency and bandwidth, and the management of the shared resources,
   while each operator keeps its internal topology private.

4.  Gap Analysis

4.1.  Current ACTN and related IETF work

   [RFC8453] defines the ACTN reference architecture shown in Figure 1.
   A single MDSC sits between the customer, reached through the CMI, and
   one or more PNCs, reached through the MPI, and it abstracts and
   coordinates the domains below it.  For larger networks, ACTN allows
   the MDSC to be arranged hierarchically, with a higher-level MDSC
   (MDSC-H) coordinating lower-level MDSCs (MDSC-L) over a recursive
   MPI.  In both the flat and the hierarchical case, the whole
   controller hierarchy belongs to a single operator, or to a single
   entity that has authority over every MDSC.

Miyasaka & Tochio        Expires 7 January 2027                 [Page 6]
Internet-Draft             Inter-Operator ACTN                 July 2026

               +---------+           +---------+             +---------+
               |   CNC   |           |   CNC   |             |   CNC   |
               +---------+           +---------+             +---------+
                     \                    |                       /
                      \                   |                      /
     Boundary  ========\==================|=====================/=======
     between            \                 |                    /
     Customer &          -----------      | CMI  --------------
     Network Operator               \     |     /
                                  +---------------+
                                  |     MDSC      |
                                  +---------------+
                                    /     |     \
                        ------------      | MPI  -------------
                       /                  |                   \
                  +-------+          +-------+            +-------+
                  |  PNC  |          |  PNC  |            |  PNC  |
                  +-------+          +-------+            +-------+
                      | SBI            /   |                  /  \
                      |               /    | SBI         SBI /    \
                  ---------        -----   |                /      \
                 (         )      (     )  |               /        \
                 - Control -     ( Phys. ) |              /      -----
                (  Plane    )     ( Net )  |             /      (     )
               (  Physical   )     -----   |            /      ( Phys. )
                (  Network  )            -----        -----     ( Net )
                 -         -            (     )      (     )     -----
                 (         )           ( Phys. )    ( Phys. )
                  ---------             ( Net )      ( Net )
                                         -----        -----

                       Figure 1: ACTN Base Architecture

   Figure 1 shows that multiple PNCs, each controlling one domain, are
   coordinated by a single MDSC.  ACTN is defined together with, and
   complemented by, a number of other IETF specifications, summarized
   below; all of them assume the single-authority model described above.

   *  Base framework and models: the ACTN framework [RFC8453] and the
      ACTN information model [RFC8454].

   *  Virtual network operations: the VN operations model [RFC9731].

   *  Packet-optical and optical transport: the applicability of ACTN to
      packet-optical integration [I-D.ietf-teas-actn-poi-applicability]
      and the optical transport network management model
      [I-D.ietf-ccamp-actn-optical-transport-mgmt].

Miyasaka & Tochio        Expires 7 January 2027                 [Page 7]
Internet-Draft             Inter-Operator ACTN                 July 2026

   *  Slicing and performance: the applicability of ACTN to network
      slicing [I-D.ietf-teas-applicability-actn-slicing] and ACTN PM
      telemetry and autonomics
      [I-D.ietf-teas-actn-pm-telemetry-autonomics].

4.2.  What is missing

   None of the work above defines coordination between the MDSCs of
   different operators.  The specific gaps are the following.

   *  No peer relationship between MDSCs.  ACTN covers control within a
      single operator, including coordination across multiple domains
      and layers, but it does not define how the MDSCs of different
      operators coordinate as peers, where neither has authority over
      the other.  This is the core gap, and the points below are
      consequences of it.

   *  Hierarchical MDSC does not fill this gap.  The MDSC-H and MDSC-L
      model needs a root MDSC with authority over and full visibility
      into the domains below it, which different operators do not grant
      to each other.

   *  No confidentiality-preserving information exchange.  Each operator
      needs to limit and negotiate how much of its topology and
      resources it reveals to a peer.  [RFC8795] defines abstraction
      levels such as black-box and white-box views, but not a way for
      two operators to negotiate this between themselves.

   *  No coordinated provisioning or assurance across operators.  There
      is no defined way for different operators to commit their per-
      domain segments together and roll back together on failure, nor to
      monitor an end-to-end service and isolate faults across operator
      boundaries.

   *  Service orchestration exists, but not at the TE-control layer.
      Inter-operator service orchestration is already defined outside
      the IETF, for example the MEF (now Mplify) LSO architecture
      [MEF55.1], whose inter-provider reference points cover business
      functions such as ordering and billing and operational functions
      such as service assurance.  These operate at the service and
      business layer and rely on an underlying network control system
      for the traffic engineering itself; the MEF intra-provider control
      reference point corresponds to the ACTN MPI.  They do not define
      how the MDSCs of different operators coordinate to exchange
      abstracted TE topology, to compute an end-to-end path
      cooperatively, or to provision it across the operator boundary.

Miyasaka & Tochio        Expires 7 January 2027                 [Page 8]
Internet-Draft             Inter-Operator ACTN                 July 2026

   The first gap, the missing peer interface between MDSCs, is the
   foundation for the others, and it is the focus of the extension
   defined in this document.  The control-layer coordination defined
   here is complementary to service-layer orchestration such as MEF LSO,
   which can build on top of it.

5.  Framework

   This document extends the ACTN architecture so that the MDSCs of
   different operators can coordinate directly as peers.  Each operator
   keeps its own ACTN stack, namely a CNC, an MDSC, and one or more
   PNCs, unchanged.  The extension adds the MMI between the MDSCs of
   different operators, as shown in Figure 2.

             +---------+           +---------+
             |   CNC   |           |   CNC   |
             +---------+           +---------+
                  |                  |
                  |                  |
   Boundary  =====|==================|===============
   between        |                  |
   Customer &     | CMI              |
   Network        |                  |
   Operator       |                  |
             +------------+  MMI  +------------+
             |   MDSC     |-------|   MDSC     |
             +------------+       +------------+
                  |                  |        |
                  | MPI              | MPI    |
                  |                  |        |
                +-------+         +-------+  +-------+
                |  PNC  |         |  PNC  |  |  PNC  |
                +-------+         +-------+  +-------+
                    | SBI            /   |         |
                    |               /    | SBI     |
                ---------        -----   |        -----
               (         )      (     )  |       (     )
               - Control -     ( Phys. ) |      ( Phys. )
              (  Plane    )     ( Net )  |       ( Net )
             (  Physical   )     -----   |        -----
              (  Network  )            -----
               -         -            (     )
               (         )           ( Phys. )
                ---------             ( Net )
                                       -----

       Figure 2: ACTN architecture extended for inter-operator operation

Miyasaka & Tochio        Expires 7 January 2027                 [Page 9]
Internet-Draft             Inter-Operator ACTN                 July 2026

   In the figure, each operator runs its own MDSC over its own PNCs and
   serves its own customers through the CMI, exactly as in [RFC8453].
   The new element is the MMI between the two MDSCs, which connects the
   operators as peers rather than placing one above the other.  The MMI
   differs from the hierarchical use of the MPI between an MDSC-H and an
   MDSC-L in the following ways.

   *  Symmetry.  Both MDSCs have the same role, and either one can
      initiate a request, so there is no parent and no child.

   *  No authority across the boundary.  Neither MDSC can provision,
      change, or release resources in the other operator's network, and
      every action across the boundary follows from mutual agreement.

   *  Policy-governed disclosure.  Each operator decides what topology
      and resource information it exposes to the peer, subject to
      negotiation between the two operators.

   At a high level, peer MDSCs use the MMI for the following
   interactions [IGF-MD-FA]:

   *  Exchange of abstracted topology and resource information, at a
      level of detail each operator agrees to disclose.

   *  Cooperative establishment of end-to-end services, including
      agreement on the interconnection points and on the per-domain
      segments.

   *  Coordinated provisioning of the per-domain segments that make up
      an end-to-end service.

   *  Exchange of performance-monitoring information for the shared
      services, supporting end-to-end assurance.

   Within each operator, the CMI and the MPI between the MDSC and its
   PNCs continue to work as defined in [RFC8453], and the extension does
   not change them.  The functions carried over the MMI, and the
   information it exchanges, are described in the following sections.

5.1.  Policy and information exchange between operators

   Because the MMI operates across administrative boundaries, the two
   operators first agree, bilaterally, on what information they exchange
   and under which policy.  This agreement covers the level of topology
   and resource abstraction each side discloses, the categories of
   information shared, and how often it is updated.  The MMI is more
   than a per-service connection request: beyond requesting an end-to-
   end connection, it also carries the exchange of abstracted topology

Miyasaka & Tochio        Expires 7 January 2027                [Page 10]
Internet-Draft             Inter-Operator ACTN                 July 2026

   and resource information, cooperative path computation, coordinated
   provisioning, and end-to-end assurance.  This document describes
   these interactions at a high level; the detailed agreement mechanism
   and the MDSC-to-MDSC workflow are left for a future revision.

6.  Requirements

6.1.  Requirements on MDSC for inter-operator operation

   in section 3.2 of [RFC8453], multi-domain coordination and
   virtualization/abstraction are defined as the functions in MDSC.

   The Multi-domain means the domains that MDSC operates via PNCs and
   the coordination means that among MDSC and PNCs.  Multi-domain
   operation is supported with the coordination and virtualization/
   abstraction.

   In inter-operator operation, each operator is responsible for
   providing an end-to-end service in coordination with other operators.

   Each operator is not required to expose the detail of internal
   topology, network resources and network elements to other operators,
   but is required to address the minimum information to provide an end-
   to-end path.

   So MDSC SHOULD have capability for creating and address the network
   information minimum enough to communicate with other MDSC(s) .

   Therefore, the requirements on MDSC for inter-operator operation are
   as below.

   *  MDSC SHOULD request to other MDSCs to create an end-to-end path
      per request from CNC connected to the MDSC.

   *  MDSC SHOULD have the capability of path calculation, path
      provisioning, and path management (e.g., fault management,
      performance management) in the domain MDSC controls and manages.
      The attributes of the path SHOULD be advertised to other MDSC(s)
      to create an end-to-end path as above mentioned.

   *  MDSC SHOULD have the capability of managing the network resource
      information addressed from other domains to create the path in the
      domain, with coordination of the request of an end-to-end path.

Miyasaka & Tochio        Expires 7 January 2027                [Page 11]
Internet-Draft             Inter-Operator ACTN                 July 2026

   *  MDSC SHOULD address the network resource information and network
      status information, e.g., performance monitoring and fault
      notification, to other MDSCs.  In addressing, the network
      information SHOULD be abstracted and minimized enough to
      provisioning and maintaining the end-to-end service path as
      requested from CNC.

   *  MDSC SHOULD address the network resource information immediately
      when it is changed and impacts on the management of end-to-end
      service path.

   *  MDSC MAY request other MDSCs for their network status information
      regarding the end-to-end service path.  For the request, MDSC
      SHOULD reply in the scope of agreement between them.

   *  MDSC SHOULD NOT directly manage PNCs that belong to another
      operator; those PNCs are managed by that operator's own MDSC.  A
      PNC SHOULD be managed by an MDSC of the same operator and SHOULD
      NOT be managed by an MDSC of another operator.

   *  ((Requirements on the relationship between MDSC and CNC will be
      added))

6.2.  Requirements for Interfaces

6.2.1.  Requirements for the MMI

   *  to be added if needed.

6.2.2.  Requirements for MPI interface between PNC and MDSC

   *  to be added if needed.

6.2.3.  Requirements for MPI interface between CNC and MDSC

   *  to be added if needed.

7.  Interface Protocols and YANG Data Models for the MPIs

   *  to be considered...

8.  Security Considerations

   TODO Security

Miyasaka & Tochio        Expires 7 January 2027                [Page 12]
Internet-Draft             Inter-Operator ACTN                 July 2026

9.  IANA Considerations

   This document has no IANA actions.

10.  References

10.1.  Normative References

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2119>.

   [RFC8174]  Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
              2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
              May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8174>.

   [RFC8453]  Ceccarelli, D., Ed. and Y. Lee, Ed., "Framework for
              Abstraction and Control of TE Networks (ACTN)", RFC 8453,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC8453, August 2018,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8453>.

10.2.  Informative References

   [I-D.ietf-ccamp-actn-optical-transport-mgmt]
              Tan, XingZhao, Yu, C., King, D., and A. Farrel,
              "Integrating YANG Configuration and Management into an
              Abstraction and Control of TE Networks (ACTN) System for
              Optical Networks", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft,
              draft-ietf-ccamp-actn-optical-transport-mgmt-05, 18 April
              2026, <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-
              ccamp-actn-optical-transport-mgmt-05>.

   [I-D.ietf-teas-actn-pm-telemetry-autonomics]
              Dhody, D., King, D., Vilalta, R., Busi, I., and D.
              Ceccarelli, "YANG models for Virtual Network (VN)/TE
              Performance Monitoring Telemetry and Scaling Intent
              Autonomics", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-
              teas-actn-pm-telemetry-autonomics-18, 2 February 2026,
              <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-teas-
              actn-pm-telemetry-autonomics-18>.

Miyasaka & Tochio        Expires 7 January 2027                [Page 13]
Internet-Draft             Inter-Operator ACTN                 July 2026

   [I-D.ietf-teas-actn-poi-applicability]
              Peruzzini, F., Bouquier, J., Busi, I., King, D., and D.
              Ceccarelli, "Applicability of Abstraction and Control of
              Traffic Engineered Networks (ACTN) to Packet Optical
              Integration (POI)", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft,
              draft-ietf-teas-actn-poi-applicability-19, 11 June 2026,
              <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-teas-
              actn-poi-applicability-19>.

   [I-D.ietf-teas-applicability-actn-slicing]
              King, D., Drake, J., Zheng, H., and A. Farrel,
              "Applicability of Abstraction and Control of Traffic
              Engineered Networks (ACTN) to IETF Network Slicing", Work
              in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-teas-
              applicability-actn-slicing-10, 28 August 2024,
              <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-teas-
              applicability-actn-slicing-10>.

   [IGF-MD-FA]
              IOWN Glogal Forum, "Functional Architecture for Multi-
              domain IOWN Networking", March 2025, <https://iowngf.org/
              wp-content/uploads/2025/03/IOWN-GF-RD-MD-Functional-
              Architecture-1.0.pdf>.

   [MEF55.1]  MEF Forum, "Lifecycle Service Orchestration (LSO):
              Reference Architecture and Framework", MEF 55.1, February
              2021.

   [RFC8454]  Lee, Y., Belotti, S., Dhody, D., Ceccarelli, D., and B.
              Yoon, "Information Model for Abstraction and Control of TE
              Networks (ACTN)", RFC 8454, DOI 10.17487/RFC8454,
              September 2018, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8454>.

   [RFC8795]  Liu, X., Bryskin, I., Beeram, V., Saad, T., Shah, H., and
              O. Gonzalez de Dios, "YANG Data Model for Traffic
              Engineering (TE) Topologies", RFC 8795,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC8795, August 2020,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8795>.

   [RFC9731]  Lee, Y., Ed., Dhody, D., Ed., Ceccarelli, D., Bryskin, I.,
              and B. Yoon, "A YANG Data Model for Virtual Network (VN)
              Operations", RFC 9731, DOI 10.17487/RFC9731, March 2025,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9731>.

Acknowledgments

   TODO acknowledge.

Miyasaka & Tochio        Expires 7 January 2027                [Page 14]
Internet-Draft             Inter-Operator ACTN                 July 2026

Contributors

   Reiko Kuroiwa
   1Finity
   Japan
   Email: kuroiwa.reiko@fujitsu.com

Authors' Addresses

   Takuya Miyasaka
   KDDI
   Japan
   Email: ta-miyasaka@kddi.com

   Yuji Tochio
   1Finity
   Japan
   Email: tochio@fujitsu.com

Miyasaka & Tochio        Expires 7 January 2027                [Page 15]