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Date Center Interconnect using TRILL
draft-muks-trill-dci-00

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This is an older version of an Internet-Draft whose latest revision state is "Replaced".
Authors Mohammed Umair , Shaji Ravindranathan , Lucy Yong , Donald E. Eastlake 3rd
Last updated 2015-11-02
Replaced by draft-ietf-trill-dci
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draft-muks-trill-dci-00
INTERNET-DRAFT                                            Mohammed Umair
Intended Status: Proposed Standard                     Kingston Smiler S
                                                    Shaji Ravindranathan
                                                             IP Infusion
                                                               Lucy Yong
                                                     Donald Eastlake 3rd
                                                     Huawei Technologies
Expires: May 05, 2016                                  November 02, 2015

                 Date Center Interconnect using TRILL 
                     <draft-muks-trill-dci-00.txt>

Abstract

   This document describes a TRILL based DCI solution using VTSD. VTSD
   (Virtual TRILL Service/Switch Domain) is specified in [draft-VTSD].
   This draft describes the advantages provided by a TRILL based DCI
   solution over an existing MPLS L2VPN solution, advantages such as
   bandwidth scaling and providing multiple active pseudowires.

Status of this Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted to IETF in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups.  Note that
   other groups may also distribute working documents as
   Internet-Drafts.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at
   http://www.ietf.org/1id-abstracts.html

   The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at
   http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html

Copyright and License Notice

   Copyright (c) 2015 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors. All rights reserved.
 

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   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document. Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
     1.1  Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
   2.  Date Center Topology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
   2.  Appointed Forwarders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
   3.  Multiple Parallel pseudowires. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8
   4.  Active-Active Pseudowire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  9
     4.1. Port-based AC operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
     4.2. VLAN-based AC operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
   5. MPLS encapsulation and Loop free provider PSN/MPLS  . . . . . . 10
   6.  Frame processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
     6.1. Frame processing between data center T2 switch and TIR. . . 10
     6.2. Frame processing between TIR's  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
   7. MAC Address learning and withdrawal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
   8. Active-Active Access with VTSD  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
   9. ARP/ND proxy  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
   10. MAC mass-withdrawal  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
   11.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
   12.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
   13.  References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
     13.1.  Normative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
     10.2.  Informative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
   Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

 

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1  Introduction

   Pseudo Wire Emulation Edge-to-Edge (PWE3) is a mechanism that
   emulates the essential attributes of a service such as Ethernet over
   a Packet Switched Network (PSN).  The required functions of PWs
   include encapsulating service-specific PDUs arriving at an ingress
   port, and carrying them across a path or tunnel, managing their
   timing and order, and any other operations required to emulate the
   behavior and characteristics of the service as faithfully as
   possible.

   The IETF Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL)
   protocol [RFC6325] [RFC7177] [rfc7180bis] provides transparent
   forwarding in multi-hop networks with arbitrary topology and link
   technologies using a header with a hop count and link-state routing.
   TRILL provides optimal pair-wise forwarding without configuration,
   safe forwarding even during periods of temporary loops, and support
   for multipathing of both unicast and multicast traffic. Intermediate
   Systems (ISs) implementing TRILL are called Routing
   Bridges(RBridges)or TRILL Switches.

   The [draft-VTSD] introduces a new terminology called VTSD. VTSD is a
   logical RBridge resides inside TIR (TRILL Intermediate Router) that
   should be capable of performing all the operations that a standard
   TRILL switch can do, along with IP and MPLS functions. A TIR is a
   Provider Edge (PE) device where VTSD resides and provides TRILL DCI
   solution. VTSD is connected to the Layer2 interface towards the DC
   and PW interface towards the MPLS core 

   TRILL as a protocol enables optimal use of the links in a layer2
   network and running TRILL inside the TIR or VTSD provides a way for
   optimally utilizing the following:

       1. The PWE3 mesh connectivity in the MPLS core using parallel
   pseudowires.

       2. The PWE3 attachment circuit interface, when there are more
   than one attachment circuit interfaces using active-active
   pseudowires.

       3. Providing a RING based DCI solution along with traditional
   mesh / hub-spoke topology.

       4. Optimally re-route the traffic from one pseudowire to another
   pseudowire when there is a failure. This is possible as VTSD doesn't
   follow split-horizon for loop free topology.

   When there is a requirement to increase the bandwidth of a particular
 

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   DCI link, with TRILL DCI, new pseudowires could be created with the
   same endpoints. These pseudowires are termed as parallel pseudowires.
   As these pseudowires are attached to VTSD (which is a TRILL RBridge),
   the TRILL protocol takes care of optimally load sharing the traffic
   across these parallel pseudowires. 

   Similarly when there is a requirement to increase the bandwidth of
   customer facing interface (attachment circuit), this can be achieved
   effectively by adding new attachment circuit interfaces and attaching
   them to the same VTSD.

   The objective of a pseudowire (PW) connected in parallel or mesh or
   ring is to maintain connectivity across the packet switched network
   (PSN) used by the emulated service. In this model all pseudowires
   that are part of a service domain will carry data traffic without
   making any of the pseudowire go in to standby mode. 

1.1  Terminology

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].

      Acronyms used in this document include the following:

            AC                 - Attachment Circuit [RFC4664]

            Access Port        - A TRILL switch port configured with 
                                 the "end station service enable" bit 
                                 on, as described in Section 4.9.1 
                                 of [RFC6325]. All AC's, VTSD ports 
                                 connected to CE's, should configured 
                                 as TRILL Access port.  

            AF                 - Appointed Forwarder [RFC6325],
                                 [RFC6439] and [RFC6439bis].    

            Data Label         - VLAN or FGL

            ECMP               - Equal Cost Multi Pathing

            FGL                - Fine-Grained Labeling [RFC7172]

            IS-IS              - Intermediate System to Intermediate 
                                 System [IS-IS]

 

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            LAN                - Local Area Network

            Link               - The means by which adjacent TRILL 
                                 switches or VTSD is connected. 
                                 May be a bridged LAN

            MLAG               - Multi-Chassis Link Aggregation

            MPLS               - Multi-Protocol Label Switching

            PE                 - Provider Edge Device

            PSN                - Packet Switched Network

            PW                 - Pseudowire [RFC4664]

            RBridge            - An alternative name for TRILL Switch

            TIR                - TRILL Intermediate Router 
                                (Devices where Pseudowire starts and 
                                 Terminates)

            TRILL              - Transparent Interconnection of Lots 
                                 of Links OR Tunneled Routing in the 
                                 Link Layer

            TRILL Site         - A part of a TRILL campus that 
                                 contains at least one RBridge.

            TRILL switch       - A device implementing the TRILL 
                                 protocol. An alternative name 
                                 for an RBridge.

            Trunk port         - A TRILL switch port configured with 
                                 the "end station service disable" 
                                 bit on, as described in Section 4.9.1 
                                 of [RFC6325]. All pseudowires should 
                                 be configured as TRILL Trunk port.

            VLAN               - Virtual Local Area Network

            VPLS               - Virtual Private LAN Service

            VPTS               - Virtual Private TRILL Service

            VSI                - Virtual Service Instance [RFC4664]

            VTSI               - Virtual TRILL Service Instance
 

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            VTSD               - Virtual TRILL Switch Domain OR 
                                 Virtual TRILL Service Domain
                                 A Virtual RBridge that segregates 
                                 one tenant's TRILL database as well 
                                 as traffic from the other.

            VTSD-AP            - A VTSD TRILL Access port can be a 
                                 AC or a logical port connected with 
                                 CE's. it can be a combination of 
                                 physical port and Data Label. 
                                 OR just Physical port connected to 
                                 CE's 

2.  Date Center Topology

   The reference topology that will be used for our discussion is a 3
   tier traditional topology.  Although other topologies may be utilized
   within the data   center, most of such L2 based data centers may be
   modeled as a 3 tier traditional topology. The reference topology is
   illustrated in Figure 1. To keep terminologies simple and uniform, in
   this document these layers will be referred to as Tier-1, Tier-2 and
   Tier-3 "tiers", and the switches in these layers will be termed as
   T1SW, T2SW etc. For simplicity reasons, the entire DC topology will
   not be mentioned in the further sections. Only the relevant nodes
   will be shown with the above mentioned node nomenclature.

                +------+  +------+
                |      |  |      |
                | T1SW |--| T1SW |           Tier-1
                |      |  |      |
                +------+  +------+
                  |  |      |  |
        +---------+  |      |  +----------+
        | +-------+--+------+--+-------+  |
        | |       |  |      |  |       |  |
      +----+     +----+    +----+     +----+
      |    |     |    |    |    |     |    |
      |T2SW|-----|T2SW|    |T2SW|-----|T2SW| Tier-2
      |    |     |    |    |    |     |    |
      +----+     +----+    +----+     +----+
         |         |          |         |
         |         |          |         |
         | +-----+ |          | +-----+ |
         +-|T3SW |-+          +-|T3SW |-+    Tier-3
           +-----+              +-----+
            | | |                | | |
        <- Servers ->        <- Servers ->

 

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                      Figure 1: Typical DC network topology

2.  Appointed Forwarders

   TRILL supports multi-access LAN (Local Area Network) links that can
   have multiple end stations and RBridges attached.  Where multiple
   RBridges are attached to a link, native traffic to and from end
   stations on that link is handled by a subset of those RBridges called
   "Appointed Forwarders" [rfc6439bis], with the intent that native
   traffic in each VLAN be handled by at most one RBridge.  An RBridge
   can be Appointed Forwarder for many VLANs.

   The Appointed Forwarder mechanism is irrelevant to any link on which
   end station service is not offered.  This includes links configured
   as point-to-point IS-IS links and any link with all RBridge ports on
   that link configured as trunk ports. (In TRILL, configuration of a
   port as a "trunk port" just means that no end station service will be
   provided.  It does not imply that all VLANs are enabled on that
   port). Furthermore, Appointed Forwarder status has no effect on the
   forwarding of TRILL Data frames.  It only affects the handling of
   native frames.

   By default, the DRB (Designated RBridge) on a link is in-charge of
   native traffic for all VLANs on the link.  The DRB may, if it wishes,
   act as Appointed Forwarder for any VLAN and it may appoint other
   RBridges that have ports on the link as Appointed Forwarder for one
   or more VLANs.

   The DRB may appoint other RBridges on the link with any one of the
   mechanism described in [rfc6439bis].  

   A RBridge on a multi-access link forms adjacency [RFC7177] with other
   RBridge if the VLAN's configured/enabled between them are common. For
   example there are four RBridges attached to multi-access link, say
   RB1, RB2, RB3 and RB4. RB1 and RB2 are configured with single VLAN
   "VLAN 2", whereas RB3 and RB4 are configured with "VLAN 3". Assume
   that there are no Native VLAN's present on any of the RBridges
   connected to multi-access link. Since TRILL Hellos are sent with VLAN
   Tag enabled on the interface, RB3 and RB4 drops the hellos of RB1 and
   RB2 (since they are not configured for VLAN 2). Similarly RB1 and RB2
   drops the Hellos of RB3 and RB4. This results in RB1 and RB2 not
   forming adjacency with RB3 and RB4. RB1 and RB2 after electing DRB
   and forming adjacency between them, will decide about VLAN 2 AF.
   Similarly RB3 and RB4 decide about the VLAN 3 AF.

   As VTSD should be capable of performing all the operations a standard
   TRILL Switch should do, it should also be capable of performing
 

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   Appointed Forwarder selection. A group of VTSD that are configured
   for same service's (VLAN's in our case) on different TIR's will form
   adjacencies, whereas VTSD which are enabled for different VTSI will
   never form adjacencies.

3.  Multiple Parallel pseudowires.

   TRILL supports multiple parallel adjacencies between neighbor
   RBridges. Appendix C of [RFC6325] and section 3.5 of [RFC7177]
   describes this in detail. Multipathing across such parallel
   connections can be done for unicast TRILL Data traffic on a per-flow
   basis, but is restricted for multi-destination traffic. VTSD should
   also support this functionality.

   TRILL DCI Pseudowires which belong to same VTSD instance in a TIR and
   connected to same remote TIR are referred to as parallel pseudowires.
   These parallel pseudowires corresponds to a single link inside VTSD. 

   Here all pseudowires should be capable of carrying traffic.

           |<-------------- Emulated Service ------------------>|
           |                                                    |
           |           |<------- Pseudo Wire ------>|           |
           |           |                            |           |
           |           |     |<-- PSN Tunnels-->|    |          |
           |           V     V                  V    V          |
           V    AC     +-----+        PW1       +-----+   AC    V
     +------+    |     |VTSD1|==================|VTSD1|   |   +-------+
     |      |----------|     |                  |     |-------|       |
     |T2SW  |          | T1SW|==================| T1SW|       | T2SW  |
     |      |          +-----+       PW2        +-----+       |       |
     +------+                                                 +-------+
     <-----DataCenter1------>                   <-----DataCenter2------>

                Figure 2: Parallel pseudowires with TRILL DCI

   In above Figure 2, PW1 and PW2 are parallel pseudowires, as these
   pseudowires belongs to same VTSD and provides a connectivity across
   same TIRs.

 

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   This mechanism provides a way for actively increasing and optimally
   utilizing the bandwidth in the service provider network without
   affecting the existing traffic.

4.  Active-Active Pseudowire 

   [RFC6718] describes pseudowire Redundancy mechanism, wherein among
   the pair of pseudowires, one pseudowire will be selected as a active
   pseudowire and the other will be selected as a standby pseudowire.
   The standby pseudowire will not forward any user traffic under normal
   circumstances. The introduction of VTSD in TRILL DCI provides a very
   simple mechanism for providing multiple active pseudowires.

   Pseudowires which belongs to the same VTSD instance inside the same
   TIR or between TIR's will be in active-active state. These
   pseudowires are able to carry data-traffic without making any one of
   pseudowire to go in standby mode.

   To distribute traffic between pseudowires, TRILL protocol will be
   used.

            |<-------------- Emulated Service ---------------->|
            |                                                  |
            |          |<------- Pseudo Wire ------>|          |
            |          |                            |          |
            |          |    |<-- PSN Tunnels-->|    |          |
            |          V    V                  V    V          |
            V    AC    +----+                  +----+     AC   V
      +-----+    |     |TIR1|==================|    |     |    +-----+
      |     |----------|....|..PW1..(active)...|....|     |    |     |
      |     |          |T1SW|==================|    |     |    |     |
      |     |          +----+                  |TIR3|     |    |     |  
      |     |                                  |    |     |    |T2SW |
      |     |                                  |    |----------|     |
      |T2SW |                                  |    |          |     |
      |     |                                  |T1SW|          |     |
      |     |          +----+                  |    |          +-----+
      |     |          |TIR2|==================|    |
      |     |----------|....|..PW2..(active)...|....|
      +-----+    |     |T1SW|==================|    |
                 AC    +----+                  +----+
      <-----DataCenter1------>                 <-----DataCenter2------>

               Figure 3: Dual-Home AC with Active-Active PW's 

 

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   In the above Figure 3, pseudowires PW1 and PW2 are in active state
   and will be capable of carrying user traffic without making anyone of
   the pseudowire go in standby mode.  The above Figure illustrates an
   application of multiple active pseudowires, where DC1's T2 switch
   (T2SW) is dual-homed with the TIR switch.  This scenario is designed
   to actively load share the emulated service among the two TIRs
   attached to the multi-homed switch.  

   The attachment circuit can be of either Port-based Attachment Circuit
   or VLAN-based Attachment Circuit.

4.1. Port-based AC operations.

   In this case, the VTSDs in TIR1 and TIR2 will form TRILL adjacency
   via AC ports. If the attachment circuit port can carry N number of
   end-station service VLANs, then TIR1 and TIR2's VTSDs can equally
   distribute them using AF Mechanism of TRILL.

4.2. VLAN-based AC operations.

   Likewise in Port-based AC, in this case also the VTSDs in TIR1 and
   TIR2 will form TRILL adjacency via AC ports. Since only one VLAN end-
   station service is enabled, only one TIR's VTSD can become AF for
   that VLAN. Hence native traffic can be processed by any one of the
   AC.

5. MPLS encapsulation and Loop free provider PSN/MPLS

   TRILL with MPLS encapsulation over pseudowire is specified in
   [RFC7173], and requires no changes in the frame format.

   TRILL DCI doesn't require to employ Split Horizon mechanism in the
   provider PSN network, as TRILL takes care of Loop free topology using
   Distribution Trees. Any multi-destination frame will traverse a
   distribution tree path. All distribution trees are calculated based
   on TRILL base protocol standard [RFC6325] as updated by [RFC7180bis].

6.  Frame processing

   This section specifies frame processing from data center T2 switch
   and TIR's

6.1. Frame processing between data center T2 switch and TIR.
 

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   In a multi-homed CE topology where in a data center switch is
   connected to two PEs / TIRs, AF mechanism described in section 2 will
   be used to decide which TIR/VTSD will carry the traffic for a
   particular VLAN. This is applicable to the case wherein the data
   center switch is connected to a PE/TIR device via multiple layer 2
   interfaces to increase the bandwidth.

   As a frame gets ingressed into a TIR (or any one of the TIR, when the
   tier2 switches are connected to multiple TIR's) after having AF
   check, the TIR encapsulates the frame with TRILL and MPLS headers and
   forwards the frame on a pseudowire. If parallel pseudowires are
   present, the TRILL protocol running in VTSD will select any one of
   the pseudowire and forward the TRILL Data packet. Multi-destination
   packets will be forwarded on Distribution tree's path [rfc7180bis]

   The advantage of using TRILL for distribution of frames is, even if
   any of the paths or links fails between DC switch and TIR's or
   between TIR's, frames can be always be forwarded to any of available
   UP links or paths through other links/pseudowires.

   If multiple equal paths are available, TRILL will distribute traffic
   among all the paths. 

   Also VTSD doesn't depend on the routing or signaling protocol that is
   running between TIRs, provided there is a tunnel available with
   proper encapsulation mechanism.

   Any multi-destination frames when ingressed to TIR's will traverse
   one of the Distribution-Trees, with strong RFC Checks. Hop count
   field in TRILL Header will avoid loops or duplication of Traffic. 

6.2. Frame processing between TIR's

   When a frame gets ingressed into a VTSD inside TIR, the TRILL
   protocol will forward the frames to the proper pseudowire. When
   multiple paths / pseudowires are available between the TIR's then
   shortest path, calculated through TRILL protocol, will be used. If
   multiple paths are of equal cost, then TRILL protocol will do ECMP
   load spreading. If any multi-destination frame gets received by the
   VTSD through a pseudowire, TRILL will do an RPF check and will take
   proper action. 

   Once a frame gets to the VTSD through pseudowire, MPLS header will be
   de-capsulated, further action will be taken depending on the egress
   nickname field of TRILL header. If egress nickname is the nickname of
   this VTSD, MAC address table and AF lookup will be performed and the
 

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   frame will be forwarded by decapsulating the TRILL header. If egress
   nickname belongs to some other VTSD, frame will be forwarded on a
   pseudowire connected to that VTSD by encapsulating with an MPLS
   header.

7. MAC Address learning and withdrawal

   MAC address learning and withdrawal mechanism on a RBridge is
   specified in section 4.8. of [RFC6325], this document requires no
   changes for MAC address learning and its withdrawal.

8. Active-Active Access with VTSD

   TBD

9. ARP/ND proxy

   TBD

10. MAC mass-withdrawal

   TBD

 

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11.  Security Considerations

   TBD

12.  IANA Considerations

   TBD

13.  References

13.1.  Normative References

   [IS-IS]   "Intermediate system to Intermediate system routeing       
              information exchange protocol for use in conjunction with 
              the Protocol for providing the Connectionless-mode Network
              Service (ISO 8473)", ISO/IEC 10589:2002, 2002".

   [rfc7180bis] Eastlake, D., et al, "TRILL: Clarifications,            
                Corrections, and Updates", draft-ietf-trill-rfc7180bis, 
                work in progress.,.

   [draft-VTSD] Umair, M., Smiler, K., Eastlake, D., Yong, L.,          
                "TRILL Transparent Transport over MPLS"                 
                draft-muks-trill-transport-over-mpls, work in           
                progress.,.

   [rfc6439bis]  Eastlake, D., et al., "TRILL: Appointed Forwarders",
              draft-eastlake-trill-rfc6439bis, work in progress.,.

10.2.  Informative References

Authors' Addresses

   Mohammed Umair
   IP Infusion
   RMZ Centennial
 

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   Mahadevapura Post
   Bangalore - 560048 India
   EMail: mohammed.umair2@gmail.com

   Kingston Smiler S
   IP Infusion
   RMZ Centennial
   Mahadevapura Post
   Bangalore - 560048 India
   EMail: kingstonsmiler@gmail.com

   Shaji Ravindranathan
   IP Infusion
   3965 Freedom Circle, Suite 200
   Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA
   EMail: srnathan2014@gmail.com

   Lucy Yong
   Huawei Technologies
   5340 Legacy Drive
   Plano, TX  75024
   USA
   Phone: +1-469-227-5837
   EMail: lucy.yong@huawei.com

   Donald E. Eastlake 3rd
   Huawei Technologies
   155 Beaver Street
   Milford, MA  01757
   USA

   Phone: +1-508-333-2270
   EMail: d3e3e3@gmail.com

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