Tracing process in IPv6 VPN Tunneling Networks
draft-peng-6man-tracing-option-05
| Document | Type | Active Internet-Draft (individual) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Authors | Shuping Peng , Yisong Liu , zhaoranxiao , Pingan Yang | ||
| Last updated | 2024-01-27 | ||
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| Consensus boilerplate | Unknown | ||
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draft-peng-6man-tracing-option-05
Network Working Group S. Peng
Internet-Draft Huawei Technologies
Intended status: Standards Track Y. Liu
Expires: 31 July 2024 China Mobile
R. Zhao
P. Yang
Huawei Technologies
28 January 2024
Tracing process in IPv6 VPN Tunneling Networks
draft-peng-6man-tracing-option-05
Abstract
This document specifies the tracing process in IPv6 VPN tunneling
networks for diagnostic purposes. An IPv6 Tracing Option is
specified to collect and carry the required key information in an
effective manner to correctly construct ICMP(v4) and ICMPv6 Time
Exceeded messages at the corresponding nodes, i.e. PE and P nodes,
respectively.
Status of This Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
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This Internet-Draft will expire on 31 July 2024.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2024 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/
license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document.
Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights
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and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components
extracted from this document must include Revised BSD License text as
described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are
provided without warranty as described in the Revised BSD License.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2. Requirements Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3. Terminologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
4. IPv6 Tracing Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
5. Tracing Process in different modes of the ingress PE . . . . 5
5.1. Tracing Process in Uniform mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
5.2. Tracing Process in Pipe mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
6. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
7. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
8. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
9. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
9.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
9.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1. Introduction
ICMPv6 (Internet Control Message Protocol) RFC 4443 [RFC4443] is used
by IPv6 nodes to report errors encountered in processing packets and
to perform other internet-layer functions, such as diagnostics
(ICMPv6 "ping"). RFC 4443 [RFC4443] describes the format of a set of
control messages used in ICMPv6, including the Time Exceeded Message.
Every ICMPv6 message is preceded by an IPv6 header and zero or more
IPv6 extension headers. The ICMPv6 header is identified by a Next
Header value of 58 in the immediately preceding header.
If a router receives a packet with a Hop Limit of zero, or if a
router decrements a packet's Hop Limit to zero, it MUST discard the
packet and originate an ICMPv6 Time Exceeded message with Code 0 to
the source of the packet.
In the case of VPN, an example as shown in Figure 1, where CE1 and
CE2 are IPv4(/v6), an IPv6 tunnel exists between PE1 and PE2, and all
the nodes belong to a single network operator. For diagnostic
purposes, CE1 sends out an IPv4 packet with its TTL set to a value.
The IPv4 packet is encapsulated within the IPv6 tunnel at PE1. The
TTL of the IPv4 packet will be copied, based on which a new value
will be set as the Hop Limit in the outer IPv6 tunnel header. The
new Hop Limit value depends on the mode configured on PE1, i.e.,
Uniform mode or Pipe mode RFC 3443 [RFC3443]. If it is the Uniform
mode, the Hop Limit will be the TTL value in the received packet
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minus one. When an intermediate router P decrements the Hop Limit in
the outer tunnel header to zero, an ICMPv6 Time Exceeded Message
needs to be sent back to the source, which should be the CE1 via PE1.
If it is the Pipe mode configured on PE1, the Hop Limit will be set
to be the maximum value (e.g., 255). In this case, when an
intermediate router P decrements the Hop Limit in the outer tunnel
header to zero, it means that the routing loop has happened, and this
packet needs to be dropped. But the router P only sees HL = 0, so it
needs a mechanism to determine whether HL = 0 is caused by a loop or
a normal traceroute.
IPv4 |<========== IPv6 Tunnel =========>| IPv4
(CE1)-----(PE1)-------------(P)------------(PE2)-----(CE2)
<--| <--|
ICMP(v4) ICMPv6
Figure 1. The tracing in IPv6 VPN tunneling networks
In order to construct a correct ICMP(v4)/v6 Time Exceeded Message at
PE1 and send it to CE1, a couple of key information is required:
1) The IPv4/6 address of the access interface at the P node, which
will be taken as the source address of the ICMP(v4)/v6 Time Exceeded
Message.
2) The VPN information, which is used to identify the VPN, either
using the VPN ID or the Access Interface ID at the PE1.
[RFC2473] defines the model and generic mechanisms for IPv6
encapsulation of Internet packets, such as IPv6 and IPv4. Currently
the key information mentioned above is missing and an appropriate way
is desired to collect and carry it to the right nodes. Meanwhile, a
mechanism for the router P to determine whether HL = 0 is caused by a
loop or a normal traceroute is also needed.
This document specifies the tracing process in IPv6 VPN tunneling
networks. An IPv6 Tracing Option is specified to collect and carry
the required key information in an effective manner to correctly
construct ICMP(v4) and ICMPv6 Time Exceeded messages at the
corresponding nodes, i.e. CE and P nodes, respectively.
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2. Requirements Language
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
"OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP
14 RFC 2119 [RFC2119] RFC 8174 [RFC8174] when, and only when, they
appear in all capitals, as shown here.
3. Terminologies
TTL: Time To Live
ICMP: Internet Control Message Protocol
4. IPv6 Tracing Option
The tracing option has the following format.
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Option Option Option
Type Data Len Data
+--------+--------+--------+--------+
|BBCTTTTT|00000110|Version |Flag|V|U|
+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Identifier |
+--------+--------+--------+--------+
Option Type (see Section 4.2 of [RFC8200]):
BB 00 Skip over this option and continue processing.
C 0 Option data can not change en route to the packet's
final destination.
TTTTT TBD Option Type to be assigned from IANA.
Length 6 8-bit unsigned integer indicates the length of the
option Data field of this option, in octets.
The value of Opt Data Len of the IPv6 Tracing option
SHOULD be set to 6.
Version n 8 bits. It indicates the version of this mechanism.
Flag n 8 bits, where:
U n 1 bit. U-Flag. If set by the ingress PE it indicates
that the Uniform mode is configured on the ingress PE.
Otherwise, the ingress PE is on the pipe mode.
V n 1 bit. V-Flag. If set by the ingress PE it indicates
that the carried following Identifier is a VPNID.
Otherwise, it is the Access Interface ID.
Identifier n 4 octets. It is used to identify the VPN, either using
the VPN ID or the Access Interface ID, as indicated
by the V flag.
5. Tracing Process in different modes of the ingress PE
The diagnostic IPv4 packet sent by CE is encapsulated within the IPv6
tunnel at the ingress PE. The TTL of the IPv4 packet is copied,
based on which a new value is set as the Hop Limit in the outer IPv6
tunnel header.
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The ingress PE can be configured in two modes, that is, Uniform mode
and Pipe mode. The new Hop Limit value depends on the mode
configured on PE1. If it is the Uniform mode, the Hop Limit will be
the TTL value in the received packet minus one. If it is the Pipe
mode, the Hop Limit will be set to be the maximum value (e.g., 255).
More details are described below.
5.1. Tracing Process in Uniform mode
When the ingress PE is configured in Uniform Mode, the inner and
outer TTLs of the packets are synchronized at tunnel ingress (PE1)
and egress (PE2).
Figure 2 shows the tracing process in the Uniform Mode. When an IP
packet (shown as (1) in the figure and with TTL = n) reaches the
ingress PE (PE1), it is encapsulated by the ingress PE into a newly
created IPv6 header and an extension header (Hop-by-Hop Options
Header or Destination Options Header RFC 8200 [RFC8200]) carrying the
IPv6 Tracing Option defined in this document. The Hop Limit is set
to be n - 1, shown as (2) in the figure.
When the Hop Limit becomes zero, the P node will check whether the
IPv6 Tracing Option is carried. If carried, the information in the
IPv6 Tracing Option will trigger the following actions.
If the U-flag is set, it means that the ingress PE is in the Uniform
Mode, so an ICMPv6 packet (shown as (3) in the figure) will be sent
back to the PE1. The SA of the packet is the IPv6 address of the P
node, while the DA is the IPv6 address of the PE1. The ICMPv6 Error
Message carries the IPv4 address of the input port interface of the
packet entering the P node, which needs to be defined in a future
version of this document.
When the packet (3) is received by PE1, the PE1 will construct an
ICMP(v4) packet (4) and send it to CE1. At the PE1, the information
in the carried IPv6 Tracing Option will be read at the control plane
of the PE1 device and the VPN using which to continue to forwarding
the packet to the corresponding CE will be identified using the
V-Flag and the value of the Identifier in the IPv6 Tracing Option.
The IPv4 address of the input port interface of the packet entering
the P node carried back will be taken as the source address of the
ICMP(v4) packet. If the P node does not have an IPv4 address, the
IPv4 address of the PE1 will be taken as the source address of the
ICMP(v4) message, and the IPv6 address of the P node, the source
address of the received ICMPv6 packet, will be carried in the
ICMP(v4) message and sent to CE1, which needs to be defined in a
future version of this document.
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|<============ Tunnel ===========>|
+---(n-2)-------(n-i)---+
/ (outer header) \
(n-1) (n-i-1)
/ \
>--(n)--Encap.................(n-1)......Decap--(n-i-2)-->
(CE1) (PE1) (P) (PE2) (CE2)
(1)-> (2)-> <-(3)
+------+ +-------+ +-------+
| SA |\ |SA PE1 |\ | SA P |
+------+ \ +-------+ \ +-------+
| DA | \ |DA Out | \ | DA PE1|
+------+ \ +-------+ \ +-------+
|TTL=n | \ |HL=n-1 | \ |HL=255 |
+------+ \ +-------+ \ +-------+
| PL | \|Option | \|ICMPv6 | => P's input inf IPv4 addr
+------+ +-------+ +-------+
\ | SA | |SA PE1 |
\ +-------+ +-------+
\ | DA | |DA Out |
\ +-------+ +-------+
\ |TTL=n-1| |HL=n-i |
\ +-------+ +-------+
\| PL | |Option |
+-------+ +-------+
\ | SA |
\ +-------+
\ | DA |
\ +-------+
\ |TTL=n-1|
\ +-------+
\| PL |
<-(4) +-------+
+--------+
|SA P Inf|
+--------+
| DA CE1 | SA - Source Address (Inner)
+--------+ DA - Destination Address (Inner)
|ICMP(v4)| PL - Payload
+--------+ HL - Hop Limit
| SA | Out - Outer
+--------+
| DA |
+--------+
|TTL=n-1 |
+--------+
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| PL |
+--------+
Figure 2. The tracing process in the Uniform Mode
5.2. Tracing Process in Pipe mode
When the ingress PE is configured in Pipe Mode, the inner and outer
TTLs of the packets will not be synchronized at tunnel ingress (PE1)
and egress (PE2). The tunnel will be taken as one hop by the inner
packet, as shown in Figure 3.
The Hop Limit will be set to be the maximum value (e.g., 255) at the
ingress PE. Since it is set to the maximum value, in normal case,
the Hop Limit will not become zero at any P node. So the only reason
when the Hop Limit becomes zero is that a routing loop is detected.
In this case, the packet needs to be dropped.
If the U-flag is not set, it means that the ingress PE is in the Pipe
Mode, and the packet (i.e. (2) as shown in Figure 2) will be dropped
when the Hop Limit becomes zero either at the P node (no ICMPv6
packet (i.e. (3) as shown in Figure 2) ) or the PE1 node when the P
node does not have the dropping capability. An alert can be sent to
the management plane to indicate that the routing loop has happened
at P node.
|<============ Tunnel ===========>|
+---(Max-1)---(Max-i)---+
/ (outer header) \
(Max) (Max-i-1)
/ \
>--(n)--Encap...........(n-1)...........Decap--(n-2)-->
(CE1) (PE1) (P) (PE2) (CE2)
Figure 3. The tracing process in the Pipe Mode
6. IANA Considerations
IANA is requested to allocate one new option type from "Destination
Options and Hop-by-Hop Options" registry.
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+=======+=====================+===========+
| Value | Name | Reference |
+=======+=====================+===========+
| TBD1 | IPv6 Tracing Option | This ID |
+-------+---------------------+-----------+
7. Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank the careful reviews and valuable
comments from Stefano Previdi, Jyrki Soini.
8. Security Considerations
TBD
9. References
9.1. Normative References
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.
[RFC2473] Conta, A. and S. Deering, "Generic Packet Tunneling in
IPv6 Specification", RFC 2473, DOI 10.17487/RFC2473,
December 1998, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2473>.
[RFC3443] Agarwal, P. and B. Akyol, "Time To Live (TTL) Processing
in Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) Networks",
RFC 3443, DOI 10.17487/RFC3443, January 2003,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3443>.
[RFC4443] Conta, A., Deering, S., and M. Gupta, Ed., "Internet
Control Message Protocol (ICMPv6) for the Internet
Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) Specification", STD 89,
RFC 4443, DOI 10.17487/RFC4443, March 2006,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4443>.
[RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.
9.2. Informative References
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[RFC8200] Deering, S. and R. Hinden, "Internet Protocol, Version 6
(IPv6) Specification", STD 86, RFC 8200,
DOI 10.17487/RFC8200, July 2017,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8200>.
Authors' Addresses
Shuping Peng
Huawei Technologies
Beijing
China
Email: pengshuping@huawei.com
Yisong Liu
China Mobile
Beijing
China
Email: liuyisong@chinamobile.com
Ranxiao Zhao
Huawei Technologies
Beijing
China
Email: zhaoranxiao@huawei.com
Pingan Yang
Huawei Technologies
Beijing
China
Email: yangpingan@huawei.com
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