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Simple Cloud Identity Management: Protocol 1.0
draft-scim-api-00

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This is an older version of an Internet-Draft whose latest revision state is "Replaced".
Authors Chuck Mortimore , Morteza Ansari , Trey Drake , Kelly Grizzle , Erik Wahlstroem
Last updated 2012-03-15
Replaced by draft-ietf-scim-api, draft-ietf-scim-api, draft-ietf-scim-api, RFC 7644
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draft-scim-api-00
Network Working Group                                      T. Drake, Ed.
Internet-Draft                                                 UnboundID
Intended status: Informational                              C. Mortimore
Expires: September 16, 2012                                   SalesForce
                                                               M. Ansari
                                                                   Cisco
                                                              K. Grizzle
                                                               SailPoint
                                                           E. Wahlstroem
                                                        Technology Nexus
                                                          March 15, 2012

             Simple Cloud Identity Management: Protocol 1.0
                           draft-scim-api-00

Abstract

   The Simple Cloud Identity Management (SCIM) specification is designed
   to make managing user identity in cloud based applications and
   services easier.  The specification suite seeks to build upon
   experience with existing schemas and deployments, placing specific
   emphasis on simplicity of development and integration, while applying
   existing authentication, authorization, and privacy models.  It's
   intent is to reduce the cost and complexity of user management
   operations by providing a common user schema and extension model, as
   well as binding documents to provide patterns for exchanging this
   schema using standard protocols.  In essence, make it fast, cheap,
   and easy to move users in to, out of, and around the cloud.

Status of this Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on September 16, 2012.

Copyright Notice

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   Copyright (c) 2012 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction and Overview  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
     1.1.  Intended Audience  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
     1.2.  Notational Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
     1.3.  Definitions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
   2.  Authentication and Authorization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
   3.  API  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
     3.1.  Creating Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5
     3.2.  Retrieving Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
       3.2.1.  Retrieving a known Resource  . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
       3.2.2.  List/Query Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8
     3.3.  Modifying Resources  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
       3.3.1.  Modifying with PUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
       3.3.2.  Modifying with PATCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
     3.4.  Deleting Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
     3.5.  Bulk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
     3.6.  Data Input/Output Formats  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
     3.7.  Additional retrieval query parameters  . . . . . . . . . . 40
     3.8.  Attribute Notation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
     3.9.  HTTP Response Codes  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
     3.10. API Versioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
     3.11. Versioning Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
     3.12. HTTP Method Overloading  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
   4.  Security Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
   5.  Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
   6.  Acknowledgments  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
   Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

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1.  Introduction and Overview

   The SCIM Protocol is an application-level, REST protocol for
   provisioning and managing identity data on the web.  The protocol
   supports creation, modification, retrieval, and discovery of core
   identity Resources; i.e., Users and Groups, as well as custom
   Resource extensions.

1.1.  Intended Audience

   This document is intended as a guide to SCIM API usage for both
   identity Service Providers and Consumers.

1.2.  Notational Conventions

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].  These
   keywords are capitalized when used to unambiguously specify
   requirements of the protocol or application features and behavior
   that affect the interoperability and security of implementations.
   When these words are not capitalized, they are meant in their
   natural-language sense.

   For purposes of readability examples are not URL encoded.
   Implementers MUST percent encode URLs as described in RFC3896 2.1.

1.3.  Definitions
   Base URL:  The SCIM REST API is always relative to a Base URL.  The
      Base URL MUST NOT contain a query string as Consumers may append
      additional path information and query parameters as part of
      forming the request.  Example: https://example.com/scim/v1/

2.  Authentication and Authorization

   The SCIM protocol does not define a scheme for authentication and
   authorization therefore implementers are free to choose mechanisms
   appropriate to their use cases.  The choice of authentication
   mechanism will impact interoperability.  It is RECOMMENDED that
   clients be implemented in such a way that new authentication schemes
   can be deployed.  Implementers SHOULD support existing
   authentication/authorization schemes.  In particular, OAuth2 Bearer
   Token [1] is RECOMMENDED.  Appropriate security considerations of the
   selected authentication and authorization schemes SHOULD be taken.
   Because this protocol uses HTTP response status codes as the primary
   means of reporting the result of a request, servers are advised to
   respond to unauthorized or unauthenticated requests using the 401

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   response code in accordance with section 10.4.2 of RFC2616.

   All examples assume OAuth2 bearer token; e.g.,

   GET /Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646 HTTP/1.1
   Host: example.com
   Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8

   The context of the request (i.e. the user for whom data is being
   requested) MUST be inferred by Service Providers.

3.  API

   The SCIM protocol specifies well known endpoints and HTTP methods for
   managing Resources defined in the core schema; i.e., User and Group
   Resources correspond to /Users and /Groups respectively.  Service
   Providers that support extended Resources SHOULD define Resource
   endpoints using the established convention; pluralize the Resource
   name defined in the extended schema by appending an 's'.  Given there
   are cases where Resource pluralization is ambiguous; e.g., a Resource
   named 'person' is legitimately 'persons' and 'people' Consumers
   SHOULD discover Resource endpoints via the Schema Sub-Attribute
   'endpoint'.
   GET  Retrieves a complete or partial Resource.
   POST  Create new Resource or bulk modify Resources.
   PUT  Modifies a Resource with a complete, Consumer specified Resource
      (replace).
   PATCH  Modifies a Resource with a set of Consumer specified changes
      (partial update).
   DELETE  Deletes a Resource.

   +------------+--------------------+---------------+-----------------+
   | Resource   | Endpoint           | Operations    | Description     |
   +------------+--------------------+---------------+-----------------+
   | User       | /Users             | GET           | Retrieve/Add/Mo |
   |            |                    | (Section 3.2. | dify Users      |
   |            |                    | 1), POST      |                 |
   |            |                    |  (Section 3.1 |                 |
   |            |                    | ),PUT         |                 |
   |            |                    |   (Section 3. |                 |
   |            |                    | 3.1), PATCH   |                 |
   |            |                    |    (Section 3 |                 |
   |            |                    | .3.2), DELETE |                 |
   |            |                    |     (Section  |                 |
   |            |                    | 3.4)          |                 |

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   | Group      | /Groups            | GET           | Retrieve/Add/Mo |
   |            |                    | (Section 3.2. | dify Groups     |
   |            |                    | 1), POST      |                 |
   |            |                    |  (Section 3.1 |                 |
   |            |                    | ),PUT         |                 |
   |            |                    |   (Section 3. |                 |
   |            |                    | 3.1), PATCH   |                 |
   |            |                    |    (Section 3 |                 |
   |            |                    | .3.2), DELETE |                 |
   |            |                    |     (Section  |                 |
   |            |                    | 3.4)          |                 |
   | Service    | /ServiceProviderCo | GET           | Retrieve the    |
   | Provider   | nfigs              | (Section 3.2. | Service         |
   | Configurat |                    | 1)            | Provider's      |
   | ion        |                    |               | Configuration   |
   | Schema     | /Schemas           | GET           | Retrieve a      |
   |            |                    | (Section 3.2. | Resource's      |
   |            |                    | 1)            | Schema          |
   | Bulk       | /Bulk              | POST          | Bulk modify     |
   |            |                    | (Section 3.5) | Resources       |
   +------------+--------------------+---------------+-----------------+

                        Table 1: Defined endpoints

   All requests to the Service Provider are made via HTTP operations on
   a URL derived from the Base URL.  Responses are returned in the body
   of the HTTP response, formatted as JSON or XML, depending on what is
   requested.  Response and error codes SHOULD be transmitted via the
   HTTP status code of the response (if possible), and SHOULD also be
   specified in the body of the response.

3.1.  Creating Resources

   To create new Resources, clients send POST requests to the Resource
   endpoint; i.e., /Users or /Groups.

   Successful Resource creation is indicated with a 201 ("Created")
   response code.  Upon successful creation, the response body MUST
   contain the newly created Resource.  Since the server is free to
   alter and/or ignore POSTed content, returning the full representation
   can be useful to the client, enabling it to correlate the client and
   server views of the new Resource.  When a Resource is created, its
   URI must be returned in the response Location header.

   Below, the client sends a POST request containing a User

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   POST /Users  HTTP/1.1
   Host: example.com
   Accept: application/json
   Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8
   Content-Length: ...

   {
     "schemas":["urn:scim:schemas:core:1.0"],
     "userName":"bjensen",
     "externalId":"bjensen",
     "name":{
       "formatted":"Ms. Barbara J Jensen III",
       "familyName":"Jensen",
       "givenName":"Barbara"
     }
   }

   The server signals a successful creation with a status code of 201.
   The response includes a Location header indicating the User URI, and
   a representation of that User in the body of the response.

HTTP/1.1 201 Created
Content-Type: application/json
Location: https://example.com/v1/Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646
ETag: W/"e180ee84f0671b1"

{
  "schemas":["urn:scim:schemas:core:1.0"],
  "id":"2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646",
  "externalId":"bjensen",
  "meta":{
    "created":"2011-08-01T21:32:44.882Z",
    "lastModified":"2011-08-01T21:32:44.882Z",
    "location":"https://example.com/v1/Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646",
    "version":"W\/\"e180ee84f0671b1\""
  },
  "name":{
    "formatted":"Ms. Barbara J Jensen III",
    "familyName":"Jensen",
    "givenName":"Barbara"
  },
  "userName":"bjensen"
}

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3.2.  Retrieving Resources

   Users and Group Resources are retrieved via opaque, unique URLs or
   via Query.  Service Providers MAY choose to respond with a sub-set of
   Resource attributes, though MUST minimally return the Resource id and
   meta attributes.

3.2.1.  Retrieving a known Resource

   To retrieve a known Resource, clients send GET requests to the
   Resource endpoint; e.g., /Users/{id} or /Groups/{id}.

   If the Resource exists the server responds with a status code of 200
   and includes the result in the body of the response.

   The below example retrieves a single User via the /Users endpoint.

   GET /Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646
   Host: example.com
   Accept: application/json
   Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8

   The server responds with:

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HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: application/json
Location: https://example.com/v1/Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646
ETag: W/"f250dd84f0671c3"

{
  "schemas":["urn:scim:schemas:core:1.0"],
  "id":"2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646,
  "externalId":"bjensen",
  "meta":{
    "created":"2011-08-01T18:29:49.793Z",
    "lastModified":"2011-08-01T18:29:49.793Z",
    "location":"https://example.com/v1/Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646",
    "version":"W\/\"f250dd84f0671c3\""
  },
  "name":{
    "formatted":"Ms. Barbara J Jensen III",
    "familyName":"Jensen",
    "givenName":"Barbara"
  },
  "userName":"bjensen",
  "phoneNumbers":[
    {
      "value":"555-555-8377",
      "type":"work"
    }
  ],
  "emails":[
    {
      "value":"bjensen@example.com",
      "type":"work"
    }
  ]
}

3.2.2.  List/Query Resources

   SCIM defines a standard set of operations that can be used to filter,
   sort, and paginate response results.  The operations are specified by
   adding query parameters to the Resource's endpoint.  Service
   Providers MAY support additional query parameters not specified here,
   and Providers SHOULD ignore any query parameters they don't
   recognize.

   The below example returns the userName for all Users:

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   GET /Users?attributes=userName
   Host: example.com
   Accept: application/json
   Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8

   HTTP/1.1 200 OK
   Content-Type: application/json

   {
     "totalResults":2,
     "schemas":["urn:scim:schemas:core:1.0"],
     "Resources":[
       {
         "userName":"bjensen"
       },
       {
         "userName":"jsmith"
       }
     ]
   }

3.2.2.1.  Filtering

   Filtering is OPTIONAL.  Consumers may request a subset of Resources
   by specifying the 'filter' URL query parameter containing a filter
   expression.  When specified only those Resources matching the filter
   expression SHALL be returned.  The expression language that is used
   in the filter parameter supports references to attributes and
   literals.  The literal values can be strings enclosed in double
   quotes, numbers, date times enclosed in double quotes, and Boolean
   values; i.e., true or false.  String literals MUST be valid JSON
   strings [2].

   The attribute name and attribute operator are case insensitive.  For
   example, the following two expressions will evaluate to the same
   logical value:

   filter=userName Eq "john"

   filter=Username eq "john"

   The filter parameter MUST contain at least one valid Boolean
   expression.  Each expression MUST contain an attribute name followed
   by an attribute operator and optional value.  Multiple expressions
   MAY be combined using the two logical operators.  Furthermore
   expressions can be grouped together using "()".

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   The operators supported in the expression are listed in the following
   table.

   +----------+-------------+------------------------------------------+
   | Operator | Description | Behavior                                 |
   +----------+-------------+------------------------------------------+
   | eq       | equal       | The attribute and operator values must   |
   |          |             | be identical for a match.                |
   | co       | contains    | The entire operator value must be a      |
   |          |             | substring of the attribute value for a   |
   |          |             | match.                                   |
   | sw       | starts with | The entire operator value must be a      |
   |          |             | substring of the attribute value,        |
   |          |             | starting at the beginning of the         |
   |          |             | attribute value.  This criterion is      |
   |          |             | satisfied if the two strings are         |
   |          |             | identical.                               |
   | pr       | present     | If the attribute has a non-empty value,  |
   |          | (has value) | or if it contains a non-empty node for   |
   |          |             | complex attributes there is a match.     |
   | gt       | greater     | If the attribute value is greater than   |
   |          | than        | operator value, there is a match.  The   |
   |          |             | actual comparison is dependent on the    |
   |          |             | attribute type.  For string attribute    |
   |          |             | types, this is a lexicographical         |
   |          |             | comparison and for DateTime types, it is |
   |          |             | a chronological comparison.              |
   | ge       | greater     | If the attribute value is greater than   |
   |          | than or     | or equal to the operator value, there is |
   |          | equal       | a match.  The actual comparison is       |
   |          |             | dependent on the attribute type.  For    |
   |          |             | string attribute types, this is a        |
   |          |             | lexicographical comparison and for       |
   |          |             | DateTime types, it is a chronological    |
   |          |             | comparison.                              |
   | lt       | less than   | If the attribute value is less than      |
   |          |             | operator value, there is a match.  The   |
   |          |             | actual comparison is dependent on the    |
   |          |             | attribute type.  For string attribute    |
   |          |             | types, this is a lexicographical         |
   |          |             | comparison and for DateTime types, it is |
   |          |             | a chronological comparison.              |

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   | le       | less than   | If the attribute value is less than or   |
   |          | or equal    | equal to the operator value, there is a  |
   |          |             | match.  The actual comparison is         |
   |          |             | dependent on the attribute type.  For    |
   |          |             | string attribute types, this is a        |
   |          |             | lexicographical comparison and for       |
   |          |             | DateTime types, it is a chronological    |
   |          |             | comparison.                              |
   +----------+-------------+------------------------------------------+

                       Table 2: Attribute Operators

   +----------+-------------+------------------------------------------+
   | Operator | Description | Behavior                                 |
   +----------+-------------+------------------------------------------+
   | and      | Logical And | The filter is only a match if both       |
   |          |             | expressions evaluate to true.            |
   | or       | Logical or  | The filter is a match if either          |
   |          |             | expression evaluates to true.            |
   +----------+-------------+------------------------------------------+

                        Table 3: Logical Operators

   +----------+-------------+------------------------------------------+
   | Operator | Description | Behavior                                 |
   +----------+-------------+------------------------------------------+
   | ()       | Precedence  | Boolean expressions may be grouped using |
   |          | grouping    | parentheses to change the standard order |
   |          |             | of operations; i.e., evaluate OR logical |
   |          |             | operators before logical AND operators.  |
   +----------+-------------+------------------------------------------+

                        Table 4: Grouping Operators

   Filters MUST be evaluated using standard order of operations.
   Attribute operators have the highest precedence, followed by the
   grouping operator (i.e, parentheses), followed by the logical AND
   operator, followed by the logical OR operator.

   If the specified attribute in a filter expression is a multi-valued
   attribute, the Resource MUST match if any of the instances of the
   given attribute match the specified criterion; e.g. if a User has
   multiple emails values, only one has to match for the entire User to
   match.  For complex attributes, a fully qualified Sub-Attribute MUST
   be specified using standard attribute notation (Section 3.8).  For
   example, to filter by userName the parameter value is userName and to
   filter by first name, the parameter value is name.givenName.

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   Providers MAY support additional filter operations if they choose.
   Providers MUST decline to filter results if the specified filter
   operation is not recognized and return a HTTP 400 error with an
   appropriate human readable response.  For example, if a Consumer
   specified an unsupported operator named 'regex' the Service Provider
   should specify an error response description identifying the Consumer
   error; e.g., 'The operator 'regex' is not supported.'

   String type attributes are case insensitive by default unless the
   attribute type is defined as a caseExact string.  Attribute operators
   'eq', 'co', and 'sw' MUST perform caseIgnore matching for all string
   attributes unless the attribute is defined as caseExact.  By default
   all string attributes are caseIgnore.

   Examples:

   filter=userName eq "bjensen"

   filter=name.familyName co "O'Malley"

   filter=userName sw "J"

   filter=title pr

   filter=meta.lastModified gt "2011-05-13T04:42:34Z"

   filter=meta.lastModified ge "2011-05-13T04:42:34Z"

   filter=meta.lastModified lt "2011-05-13T04:42:34Z"

   filter=meta.lastModified le "2011-05-13T04:42:34Z"

   filter=title pr and userType eq "Employee"

   filter=title pr or userType eq "Intern"

   filter=userType eq "Employee" and (emails co "example.com" or emails
   co "example.org")

3.2.2.2.  Sorting

   Sort is OPTIONAL.  Sorting allows Consumers to specify the order in
   which Resources are returned by specifying a combination of sortBy
   and sortOrder URL parameters.

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   sortBy:  The sortBy parameter specifies the attribute whose value
      SHALL be used to order the returned responses.  If the sortBy
      attribute corresponds to a Singular Attribute, Resources are
      sorted according to that attribute's value; if it's a Multi-valued
      Attribute, Resources are sorted by the value of the primary
      attribute, if any, or else the first value in the list, if any.
      If the attribute is complex the attribute name must be a path to a
      Sub-Attribute in standard attribute notation (Section 3.8) ; e.g.,
      sortBy=name.givenName.  For all attribute types, if there is no
      data for the specified sortBy value they are sorted via the
      'sortOrder' parameter; i.e., they are ordered last if ascending
      and first if descending.
   sortOrder:  The order in which the sortBy parameter is applied.
      Allowed values are "ascending" and "descending".  If a value for
      sortBy is provided and no sortOrder is specified, the sortOrder
      SHALL default to ascending.  String type attributes are case
      insensitive by default unless the attribute type is defined as a
      caseExact string. sortOrder MUST sort according to the attribute
      type; i.e., for caseIgnore attributes, sort the result using case
      insensitive, Unicode alphabetic sort order, with no specific
      locale implied and for caseExact attribute types, sort the result
      using case sensitive, Unicode alphabetic sort order.

3.2.2.3.  Pagination

   Pagination parameters can be used together to "page through" large
   numbers of Resources so as not to overwhelm the Consumer or Service
   Provider.  Pagination is not session based hence Consumers SHOULD
   never assume repeatable results.  For example, a request for a list
   of 10 Resources beginning with a startIndex of 1 may return different
   results when repeated as a Resource in the original result could be
   deleted or new ones could be added in-between requests.  Pagination
   parameters and general behavior are derived from the OpenSearch
   Protocol [3].

   The following table describes the URL pagination parameters.

   +------------+-------------------+----------------------------------+
   | Parameter  | Description       | Default                          |
   +------------+-------------------+----------------------------------+
   | startIndex | The 1-based index | 1                                |
   |            | of the first      |                                  |
   |            | search result.    |                                  |

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   | count      | Non-negative      | None.  When specified the        |
   |            | Integer.          | Service Provider MUST not return |
   |            | Specifies the     | more results than specified      |
   |            | desired maximum   | though MAY return fewer results. |
   |            | number of search  | If unspecified, the maximum      |
   |            | results per page; | number of results is set by the  |
   |            | e.g., 10.         | Service Provider.                |
   +------------+-------------------+----------------------------------+

                  Table 5: Pagination Request parameters

   The following table describes the query response pagination
   attributes specified by the Service Provider.

   +--------------+----------------------------------------------------+
   | Element      | Description                                        |
   +--------------+----------------------------------------------------+
   | itemsPerPage | Non-negative Integer.  Specifies the number of     |
   |              | search results returned in a query response page;  |
   |              | e.g., 10.                                          |
   | totalResults | Non-negative Integer.  Specifies the total number  |
   |              | of results matching the Consumer query; e.g.,      |
   |              | 1000.                                              |
   | startIndex   | The 1-based index of the first result in the       |
   |              | current set of search results; e.g., 1.            |
   +--------------+----------------------------------------------------+

                   Table 6: Pagination Response Elements

   For example, to retrieve the first 10 Users set the startIndex to 1
   and the count to 10.

   GET /Users?startIndex=1&count=10
   Host: example.com
   Accept: application/json
   Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8

   {
     "totalResults":100,
     "itemsPerPage":10,
     "startIndex":1,
     "schemas":["urn:scim:schemas:core:1.0"],
     "Resources":[{
       ...
     }]
   }

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   Given the example above, to continue paging set the startIndex to 11
   and re-fetch; i.e., /Users?startIndex=11&count=10

3.3.  Modifying Resources

   Resources can be modified in whole or in part via PUT or PATCH,
   respectively.  Implementers MUST support PUT as specified in RFC2616
   .  Resources such as Groups may be very large hence implementers
   SHOULD support PATCH [4] to enable partial resource modifications.

3.3.1.  Modifying with PUT

   PUT performs a full update.  Consumers must retrieve the entire
   Resource and PUT the desired modifications as the operation
   overwrites all previously stored data.  Unless otherwise specified a
   successful PUT operation returns a 200 OK response code and the
   entire Resource within the response body.  Example:

   PUT /Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646
   Host: example.com
   Accept: application/json
   Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8
   ETag: W/"a330bc54f0671c9"

   {
     "schemas":["urn:scim:schemas:core:1.0"],
     "id":"2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646",
     "userName":"bjensen",
     "externalId":"bjensen",
     "name":{
       "formatted":"Ms. Barbara J Jensen III",
       "familyName":"Jensen",
       "givenName":"Barbara",
       "middleName":"Jane"
     },
     "emails":[
       {
           "value":"bjensen@example.com"
       },
       {
           "value":"babs@jensen.org"
       }
     ]
   }

   The service responds with the entire, updated User

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HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: application/json
ETag: W/"b431af54f0671a2"
Location:"https://example.com/v1/Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646"
{
  "schemas":["urn:scim:schemas:core:1.0"],
  "id":"2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646",
  "userName":"bjensen",
  "externalId":"bjensen",
  "name":{
    "formatted":"Ms. Barbara J Jensen III",
    "familyName":"Jensen",
    "givenName":"Barbara",
    "middleName":"Jane"
  },
  "emails":[
    {
        "value":"bjensen@example.com"
    },
    {
        "value":"babs@jensen.org"
    }
  ],
  "meta": {
    "created":"2011-08-08T04:56:22Z",
    "lastModified":"2011-08-08T08:00:12Z",
    "location":"https://example.com/v1/Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646",
    "version":"W\/\"b431af54f0671a2\""
  }
}

3.3.2.  Modifying with PATCH

   PATCH is OPTIONAL.  PATCH enables consumers to send only those
   attributes requiring modification, reducing network and processing
   overhead.  Attributes may be deleted, replaced, merged, or added in a
   single request.

   The body of a PATCH request MUST contain a partial Resource with the
   desired modifications.  The server MUST return either a 200 OK
   response code and the entire Resource (subject to the "attributes"
   query parameter - see Additional Retrieval Query Parameters
   (Section 3.7)) within the response body, or a 204 No Content response
   code and the appropriate response headers for a successful PATCH
   request.  The server MUST return a 200 OK if the "attributes"
   parameter is specified on the request.

   The server MUST process a PATCH request by first removing any

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   attributes specified in the meta.attributes Sub-Attribute (if
   present) and then merging the attributes in the PATCH request body
   into the Resource.

   The meta.attributes Sub-Attribute MAY contain a list of attributes to
   be removed from the Resource.  If the PATCH request body contains an
   attribute that is present in the meta.attributes list, the attribute
   on the Resource is replaced with the value from the PATCH body.  If
   the attribute is complex the attribute name must be a path to a Sub-
   Attribute in standard attribute notation (Section 3.8); e.g.,
   name.givenName.

   Attributes that exist in the PATCH request body but not in the
   meta.attributes Sub-Attribute will be either be updated or added to
   the Resource according to the following rules.
   Singular attributes:  Singular attributes in the PATCH request body
      replace the attribute on the Resource.
   Complex attributes:  Complex Sub-Attribute values in the PATCH
      request body are merged into the complex attribute on the
      Resource.
   Multi-valued attributes:  An attribute value in the PATCH request
      body is added to the value collection if the value does not exist
      and merged if a matching value is present.  Values are matched by
      comparing the value Sub-Attribute from the PATCH request body to
      the value Sub-Attribute of the Resource.  Attributes that do not
      have a value Sub-Attribute; e.g., addresses, or do not have unique
      value Sub-Attributes cannot be matched and must instead be deleted
      then added.  Specific values can be removed from a Resource by
      adding an "operation" Sub-Attribute with the value "delete" to the
      attribute in the PATCH request body.  As with adding/updating
      attribute value collections, the value to delete is determined by
      comparing the value Sub-Attribute from the PATCH request body to
      the value Sub-Attribute of the Resource.  Attributes that do not
      have a value Sub-Attribute or that have a non-unique value Sub-
      Attribute are matched by comparing all Sub-Attribute values from
      the PATCH request body to the Sub-Attribute values of the
      Resource.  A delete operation is ignored if the attribute's name
      is in the meta.attributes list.  If the requested value to delete
      does not match a unique value on the Resource the server MAY
      return a HTTP 400 error.

   The following example shows how to add a member to a group:

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   PATCH /Groups/acbf3ae7-8463-4692-b4fd-9b4da3f908ce
   Host: example.com
   Accept: application/json
   Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8
   ETag: W/"a330bc54f0671c9"

   {
     "schemas": ["urn:scim:schemas:core:1.0"],
     "members": [
       {
         "display": "Babs Jensen",
         "value": "2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646"
       }
     ]
   }

   The "display" Sub-Attribute in this request is optional since the
   value attribute uniquely identifies the user to be added.  If the
   user was already a member of this group, no changes should be made to
   the Resource and a success response should be returned.  The server
   responds with either the entire updated Group or no response body:

HTTP/1.1 204 No Content
Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8
ETag: W/"b431af54f0671a2"
Location: "https://example.com/v1/Groups/acbf3ae7-8463-4692-b4fd-9b4da3f908ce"

   The following example shows how to remove a member from a group.  As
   with the previous example, the "display" Sub-Attribute is optional.
   If the user was not a member of this group, no changes should be made
   to the Resource and a success response should be returned.

   Note that server responses have been omitted for the rest of the
   PATCH examples.

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   PATCH /Groups/acbf3ae7-8463-4692-b4fd-9b4da3f908ce
   Host: example.com
   Accept: application/json
   Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8
   ETag: W/"a330bc54f0671c9"

   {
     "schemas": ["urn:scim:schemas:core:1.0"],
     "members": [
       {
         "display": "Babs Jensen",
         "value": "2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646"
         "operation": "delete"
       }
     ]
   }

   The following example shows how to remove all members from a group:

   PATCH /Groups/acbf3ae7-8463-4692-b4fd-9b4da3f908ce
   Host: example.com
   Accept: application/json
   Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8
   ETag: W/"a330bc54f0671c9"

   {
     "schemas": ["urn:scim:schemas:core:1.0"],
     "meta": {
       "attributes": [
         "members"
       ]
     }
   }

   The following example shows how to replace all of the members of a
   group with a different members list:

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   PATCH /Groups/acbf3ae7-8463-4692-b4fd-9b4da3f908ce
   Host: example.com
   Accept: application/json
   Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8
   ETag: W/"a330bc54f0671c9"

   {
     "schemas": ["urn:scim:schemas:core:1.0"],
     "meta": {
       "attributes": [
         "members"
       ]
     },
     "members": [
       {
         "display": "Babs Jensen",
         "value": "2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646"
       },
       {
         "display": "James Smith",
         "value": "08e1d05d-121c-4561-8b96-473d93df9210"
       }
     ]
   }

   The following example shows how to add a member to and remove a
   member from a Group in a single request:

   PATCH /Groups/acbf3ae7-8463-4692-b4fd-9b4da3f908ce
   Host: example.com
   Accept: application/json
   Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8
   ETag: W/"a330bc54f0671c9"

   {
     "schemas": ["urn:scim:schemas:core:1.0"],
     "members": [
       {
         "display": "Babs Jensen",
         "value": "2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646"
         "operation": "delete"
       },
       {
         "display": "James Smith",
         "value": "08e1d05d-121c-4561-8b96-473d93df9210"
       }
     ]
   }

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   The following example shows how to change a User's primary email.  If
   the User already has the email address, it is made the primary
   address and the current primary address (if present) is made non-
   primary.  If the User does not already have the email address, it is
   added and made the primary address.

   PATCH /Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646
   Host: example.com
   Accept: application/json
   Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8
   ETag: "a330bc54f0671c9"

   {
     "schemas": ["urn:scim:schemas:core:1.0"],
     "emails": [
       {
         "value": "bjensen@example.com",
         "primary": true
       }
     ]
   }

   The following example shows how to change a User's address.  Since
   address does not have a value Sub-Attribute, the existing address
   must be removed and the modified address added.

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  PATCH /Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646
  Host: example.com
  Accept: application/json
  Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8
  ETag: W/"a330bc54f0671c9"

  {
    "schemas": ["urn:scim:schemas:core:1.0"],
    "addresses": [
      {
        "type": "work",
        "streetAddress": "100 Universal City Plaza",
        "locality": "Hollywood",
        "region": "CA",
        "postalCode": "91608",
        "country": "US",
        "formatted": "100 Universal City Plaza\nHollywood, CA 91608 US",
        "primary": true
        "operation": "delete"
      },
      {
        "type": "work",
        "streetAddress": "911 Universal City Plaza",
        "locality": "Hollywood",
        "region": "CA",
        "postalCode": "91608",
        "country": "US",
        "formatted": "911 Universal City Plaza\nHollywood, CA 91608 US",
        "primary": true
      }
    ]
  }

   The following example shows how to change a User's nickname:

   PATCH /Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646
   Host: example.com
   Accept: application/json
   Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8
   ETag: W/"a330bc54f0671c9"

   {
     "schemas": ["urn:scim:schemas:core:1.0"],
     "nickName": "Barbie"
   }

   The following example shows how to remove a User's nickname:

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   PATCH /Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646
   Host: example.com
   Accept: application/json
   Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8
   ETag: W/"a330bc54f0671c9"

   {
     "schemas": ["urn:scim:schemas:core:1.0"],
     "meta": {
       "attributes": [
         "nickName"
       ]
     }
   }

   The following example shows how to change a User's familyName.  This
   only updates the familyName and formatted on the "name" complex
   attribute.  Any other name Sub-Attributes on the Resource remain
   unchanged.

   PATCH /Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646
   Host: example.com
   Accept: application/json
   Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8
   ETag: W/"a330bc54f0671c9"

   {
     "schemas": ["urn:scim:schemas:core:1.0"],
     "name": {
       "formatted": "Ms. Barbara J Jensen III",
       "familyName": "Jensen"
     }
   }

   The following example shows how to remove a complex Sub-Attribute and
   an extended schema attribute from a User.

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   PATCH /Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646
   Host: example.com
   Accept: application/json
   Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8
   ETag: W/"a330bc54f0671c9"

   {
     "schemas": ["urn:scim:schemas:core:1.0"],
     "meta": {
       "attributes": [
         "name.formatted",
         "urn:hr:schemas:user:age"
       ]
     }
   }

3.4.  Deleting Resources

   Consumers request Resource removal via DELETE.  Service Providers MAY
   choose not to permanently delete the Resource, but MUST return a 404
   error code for all operations associated with the previously deleted
   Id.  Service Providers MUST also omit the Resource from future query
   results.

   DELETE /Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646
   Host: example.com
   Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8
   ETag: W/"c310cd84f0281b7"

   HTTP/1.1 200 OK

   Example: Consumer attempt to retrieve the previously deleted User

   GET /Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646
   Host: example.com
   Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8

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HTTP/1.1 404 NOT FOUND

{
  "Errors":[
    {
      "description":"Resource 2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646 not found",
      "code":"404"
    }
  ]
}

3.5.  Bulk

   Bulk is OPTIONAL.  The bulk operation enables Consumers to send a
   potentially large collection of Resource operations in a single
   request.  The body of a a bulk operation contains a set of HTTP
   Resource operations using one of the API supported HTTP methods;
   i.e., POST, PUT, PATCH or DELETE.

   The following Singular Attribute is defined in addition to the common
   attributes defined in SCIM core schema.

   failOnErrors  An Integer specifying the number of errors that the
      Service Provider will accept before the operation is terminated
      and an error response is returned.  OPTIONAL.

   The following Complex Multi-valued Attribute is defined in addition
   to the common attributes defined in core schema.

   Operations  Defines operations within a bulk job.  Each operation
      corresponds to a single HTTP request against a Resource endpoint.
      REQUIRED.
      method  The HTTP method of the current operation.  Possible values
         are POST, PUT, PATCH or DELETE.  REQUIRED.
      bulkId  The transient identifier of a newly created Resource,
         unique within a bulk request and created by the Consumer.  The
         bulkId serves as a surrogate Resource id enabling Consumers to
         uniquely identify newly created Resources in the Response and
         cross reference new Resources in and across operations within a
         bulk request.  REQUIRED when method is POST.
      version  The current Resource version.  Version is REQUIRED if the
         Service Provider supports ETags and the method is PUT, DELETE,
         or PATCH.

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      path  The Resource's relative path.  If the method is POST the
         value must specify a Resource type endpoint; e.g., /Users or
         /Groups whereas all other method values must specify the path
         to a specific Resource; e.g., /Users/
         2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646.  REQUIRED in a request.
      data  The Resource data as it would appear for a single POST, PUT
         or PATCH Resource operation.  REQUIRED in a request when method
         is POST, PUT and PATCH.
      location  The Resource endpoint URL.  REQUIRED in a response,
         except in the event of a POST failure.
      status  A complex type that contains information about the success
         or failure of one operation within the bulk job.  REQUIRED in a
         response.
         code  The HTTP response code that would have been returned if a
            a single HTTP request would have been used.  REQUIRED.
         description  A human readable error message.  REQUIRED when an
            error occurred.

   If a bulk job is processed successfully the HTTP response code 200 OK
   MUST be returned, otherwise an appropriate HTTP error code MUST be
   returned.

   The Service Provider MUST continue performing as many changes as
   possible and disregard partial failures.  The Consumer MAY override
   this behavior by specifying a value for failOnErrors attribute.  The
   failOnErrors attribute defines the number of errors that the Service
   Provider should accept before failing the remaining operations
   returning the response.

   To be able to reference a newly created Resource the attribute bulkId
   MUST be specified when creating new Resources.  The bulkId is defined
   by the Consumer as a surrogate identifier in a POST operation.  The
   Service Provider MUST return the same bulkId together with the newly
   created Resource.  The bulkId can then be used by the Consumer to map
   the Service Provider id with the bulkId of the created Resource.

   There can be more then one operation per Resource in each bulk job.
   The Service Consumer MUST take notice of the unordered structure of
   JSON and the Service Provider can process operations in any order.
   For example, if the Service Consumer sends two PUT operations in one
   request, the outcome is non-deterministic.

   The Service Provider response MUST include the result of all
   processed operations.  A location attribute that includes the
   Resource's end point MUST be returned for all operations excluding
   failed POSTs.  The status attribute includes information about the
   success or failure of one operation within the bulk job.  The
   attribute status MUST include the code attribute that holds the HTTP

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   response code that would have been returned if a single HTTP request
   would have been used.  If an error occurred the status MUST also
   include the description attribute containing a human readable
   explanation of the error.

   "status": {
     "code": "201"
   }

   The following is an example of a status in a failed operation.

"status": {
  "code": "400",
  "description": "Request is unparseable, syntactically incorrect, or violates schema."
}

   The following example shows how to add, update, and remove a user.
   The failOnErrors attribute is set to '1' indicating the Service
   Provider should return on the first error.  The POST operation's
   bulkId value is set to 'qwerty' enabling the Consumer to match the
   new User with the returned Resource id '92b725cd-9465-4e7d-8c16-
   01f8e146b87a'.

   POST /v1/Bulk
   Host: example.com
   Accept: application/json
   Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8
   Content-Length: ...

   {
     "schemas":[
       "urn:scim:schemas:core:1.0"
     ],
     "failOnErrors":1,
     "Operations":[
       {
         "method":"POST",
         "path":"/Users",
         "bulkId":"qwerty",
         "data":{
           "schemas":[
             "urn:scim:schemas:core:1.0"
           ],
           "userName":"Alice"
         }

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       },
       {
         "method":"PUT",
         "path":"/Users/b7c14771-226c-4d05-8860-134711653041",
         "version":"W\/\"3694e05e9dff591\"",
         "data":{
           "schemas":[
             "urn:scim:schemas:core:1.0"
           ],
           "id":"b7c14771-226c-4d05-8860-134711653041",
           "userName":"Bob"
         }
       },
       {
         "method":"PATCH",
         "path":"/Users/5d8d29d3-342c-4b5f-8683-a3cb6763ffcc",
         "version":"W\/\"edac3253e2c0ef2\"",
         "data":{
           "schemas":[
             "urn:scim:schemas:core:1.0"
           ],
           "id":"5d8d29d3-342c-4b5f-8683-a3cb6763ffcc",
           "userName":"Dave",
           "meta":{
             "attributes":[
               "nickName"
             ]
           }
         }
       },
       {
         "method":"DELETE",
         "path":"/Users/e9025315-6bea-44e1-899c-1e07454e468b",
         "version":"W\/\"0ee8add0a938e1a\""
       }
     ]
   }

   The Service Provider returns the following response.

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HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: application/json

{
    "schemas": [
        "urn:scim:schemas:core:1.0"
    ],
    "Operations": [
        {
            "location": "https://example.com/v1/Users/92b725cd-9465-4e7d-8c16-01f8e146b87a",
            "method": "POST",
            "bulkId": "qwerty",
            "version": "W\/\"oY4m4wn58tkVjJxK\"",
            "status": {
                "code": "201"
            }
        },
        {
            "location": "https://example.com/v1/Users/b7c14771-226c-4d05-8860-134711653041",
            "method": "PUT",
            "version": "W\/\"huJj29dMNgu3WXPD\"",
            "status": {
                "code": "200"
            }
        },
        {
            "location": "https://example.com/v1/Users/5d8d29d3-342c-4b5f-8683-a3cb6763ffcc",
            "method": "PATCH",
            "version": "W\/\"huJj29dMNgu3WXPD\"",
            "status": {
                "code": "200"
            }
        },
        {
            "location": "https://example.com/v1/Users/e9025315-6bea-44e1-899c-1e07454e468b",
            "method": "DELETE",
            "status": {
                "code": "200"
            }
        }
    ]
}

   The following response is returned if an error occurred when
   attempting to create the User 'Alice'.  The Service Provider stops
   processing the bulk operation and immediately returns a response to
   the Consumer.  The response contains the error and any successful
   results prior to the error.

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HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: application/json

{
  "schemas": [
    "urn:scim:schemas:core:1.0"
  ],
  "Operations": [
    {
      "method": "POST",
      "bulkId": "qwerty",
      "status": {
        "code": "400",
        "description": "Request is unparseable, syntactically incorrect, or violates schema."
      }
    }
  ]
}

   If the failOnErrors attribute is not specified or the Service
   Provider has not reached the error limit defined by the Consumer the
   Service Provider will continue to process all operations.  The
   following is an example in which all operations failed.

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HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: application/json

{
  "schemas": [
    "urn:scim:schemas:core:1.0"
  ],
  "Operations": [
    {
      "method": "POST",
      "bulkId": "qwerty",
      "status": {
        "code": "400",
        "description": "Request is unparseable, syntactically incorrect, or violates schema."
      }
    },
    {
      "location": "https://example.com/v1/Users/b7c14771-226c-4d05-8860-134711653041",
      "method": "PUT",
      "status": {
        "code": "412",
        "description": "Failed to update as user changed on the server since you last retrieved it."
      }
    },
    {
      "location": "https://example.com/v1/Users/5d8d29d3-342c-4b5f-8683-a3cb6763ffcc",
      "method": "PATCH",
      "status": {
        "code": "412",
        "description": "Failed to update as user changed on the server since you last retrieved it."
      }
    },
    {
      "location": "https://example.com/v1/Users/e9025315-6bea-44e1-899c-1e07454e468b",
      "method": "DELETE",
      "status": {
        "code": "404",
        "description": "Specified resource; e.g., User, does not exist."
      }
    }
  ]
}

   The Consumer can, within one bulk operation, create a new User, a new
   Group and add the newly created User to the newly created Group.  In
   order to add the new User to the Group the Consumer must use the
   surrogate id attribute, bulkId, to reference the User.  The bulkId
   attribute value must be pre-pended with the literal "bulkId:"; e.g.,

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   if the bulkId is 'qwerty' the value is "bulkId:qwerty".  The Service
   Provider MUST replace the string "bulkId:qwerty" with the permanent
   Resource id once created.

   The following example creates a User with the userName 'Alice' and a
   Group with the displayName 'Tour Guides' with Alice as a member.

   POST /v1/Bulk
   Host: example.com
   Accept: application/json
   Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8
   Content-Length: ...

   {
     "schemas": [
       "urn:scim:schemas:core:1.0"
     ],
     "Operations": [
       {
         "method": "POST",
         "path": "/Users",
         "bulkId": "qwerty",
         "data": {
           "schemas": [
             "urn:scim:schemas:core:1.0"
           ],
           "userName": "Alice"
         }
       },
       {
         "method": "POST",
         "path": "/Groups",
         "bulkId": "ytrewq",
         "data": {
           "schemas": [
             "urn:scim:schemas:core:1.0"
           ],
           "displayName": "Tour Guides",
           "members": [
             {
               "type": "user",
               "value": "bulkId:qwerty"
             }
           ]
         }
       }
     ]

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   }

   The Service Provider returns the following response.

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: application/json

{
  "schemas": [
    "urn:scim:schemas:core:1.0"
  ],
  "Operations": [
    {
      "location": "https://example.com/v1/Users/92b725cd-9465-4e7d-8c16-01f8e146b87a",
      "method": "POST",
      "bulkId": "qwerty",
      "version": "W\/\"4weymrEsh5O6cAEK\"",
      "status": {
        "code": "201"
      }
    },
    {
      "location": "https://example.com/v1/Groups/e9e30dba-f08f-4109-8486-d5c6a331660a",
      "method": "POST",
      "bulkId": "ytrewq",
      "version": "W\/\"lha5bbazU3fNvfe5\"",
      "status": {
        "code": "201"
      }
    }
  ]
}

   A subsequent request for the 'Tour Guides' Group ('e9e30dba-f08f-
   4109-8486-d5c6a331660a') returns the following:

   GET /v1/Groups/e9e30dba-f08f-4109-8486-d5c6a331660a
   Host: example.com
   Accept: application/json
   Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8

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HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: application/json
Location: https://example.com/v1/Groups/e9e30dba-f08f-4109-8486-d5c6a331660a
ETag: W/"lha5bbazU3fNvfe5"

{
  "schemas":["urn:scim:schemas:core:1.0"],
  "id": "e9e30dba-f08f-4109-8486-d5c6a331660a",
  "displayName": "Tour Guides",
  "meta": {
    "created":"2011-08-01T18:29:49.793Z",
    "lastModified":"2011-08-01T20:31:02.315Z",
    "location": "https://example.com/v1/Groups/e9e30dba-f08f-4109-8486-d5c6a331660a",
    "version": "W\/\"lha5bbazU3fNvfe5\""
  },
  "members": [
    {
      "value": "92b725cd-9465-4e7d-8c16-01f8e146b87a",
      "type": "user"
    }
  ]
}

   Extensions that include references to other Resources MUST be handled
   in the same way by the Service Provider.  The following example uses
   the bulkId attribute within the enterprise extension managerId
   attribute.

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   POST /v1/Bulk
   Host: example.com
   Accept: application/json
   Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8
   Content-Length: ...

   {
     "schemas": [
       "urn:scim:schemas:core:1.0"
     ],
     "Operations": [
       {
         "method": "POST",
         "path": "/Users",
         "bulkId": "qwerty",
         "data": {
           "schemas": [
             "urn:scim:schemas:core:1.0"
           ],
           "userName": "Alice"
         }
       },
       {
         "method": "POST",
         "path": "/Users",
         "bulkId": "ytrewq",
         "data": {
           "schemas": [
             "urn:scim:schemas:core:1.0",
             "urn:scim:schemas:extension:enterprise:1.0"
           ],
           "userName": "Bob",
           "urn:scim:schemas:extension:enterprise:1.0": {
             "employeeNumber": "11250",
             "manager": {
               "managerId": "batchId:qwerty",
               "displayName": "Alice"
             }
           }
         }
       }
     ]
   }

   The Service Provider MUST try to resolve circular cross references
   between Resources in a single bulk job but MAY stop after a failed
   attempt and instead return the status code 409 Conflict.  The
   following example exhibits the potential conflict.

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   POST /v1/Bulk
   Host: example.com
   Accept: application/json
   Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8
   Content-Length: ...

   {
     "schemas": [
       "urn:scim:schemas:core:1.0"
     ],
     "Operations": [
       {
         "method": "POST",
         "path": "/Groups",
         "bulkId": "qwerty",
         "data": {
           "schemas": [
             "urn:scim:schemas:core:1.0"
           ],
           "displayName": "Group A",
           "members": [
             {
               "type": "group",
               "value": "bulkId:ytrewq"
             }
           ]
         }
       },
       {
         "method": "POST",
         "path": "/Groups",
         "bulkId": "ytrewq",
         "data": {
           "schemas": [
             "urn:scim:schemas:core:1.0"
           ],
           "displayName": "Group B",
           "members": [
             {
               "type": "group",
               "value": "bulkId:qwerty"
             }
           ]
         }
       }
     ]
   }

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   If the Service Provider resolved the above circular references the
   following is returned from a subsequent GET request.

   GET /v1/Groups?filter=displayName sw 'Group'
   Host: example.com
   Accept: application/json
   Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: application/json

{
  "totalResults": 2,
  "schemas": [
    "urn:scim:schemas:core:1.0"
  ],
  "Resources": [
    {
      "id": "c3a26dd3-27a0-4dec-a2ac-ce211e105f97",
      "schemas": [
        "urn:scim:schemas:core:1.0"
      ],
      "displayName": "Group A",
      "meta": {
        "created":"2011-08-01T18:29:49.793Z",
        "lastModified":"2011-08-01T18:29:51.135Z",
        "location":"https://example.com/v1/Groups/c3a26dd3-27a0-4dec-a2ac-ce211e105f97",
        "version":"W\/\"mvwNGaxB5SDq074p\""
      },
      "members": [
        {
          "value": "6c5bb468-14b2-4183-baf2-06d523e03bd3",
          "type": "group"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "6c5bb468-14b2-4183-baf2-06d523e03bd3",
      "schemas": [
        "urn:scim:schemas:core:1.0"
      ],
      "displayName": "Group B",
      "meta": {
        "created":"2011-08-01T18:29:50.873Z",
        "lastModified":"2011-08-01T18:29:50.873Z",

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        "location":"https://example.com/v1/Groups/6c5bb468-14b2-4183-baf2-06d523e03bd3",
        "version":"W\/\"wGB85s2QJMjiNnuI\""
      },
      "members": [
        {
          "value": "c3a26dd3-27a0-4dec-a2ac-ce211e105f97",
          "type": "group"
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

   The Service Provider MUST define the maximum number of operations and
   maximum payload size a Consumer may send in a single request.  If
   either limits are exceeded the Service Provider MUST return the HTTP
   response code 413 Request Entity Too Large.  The returned response
   MUST specify the limit exceeded in the body of the error response.

   The following example the Consumer sent a request exceeding the
   Service Provider's max payload size of 1 megabyte.

   POST /v1/Bulk
   Host: example.com
   Accept: application/json
   Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8
   Content-Length: 4294967296

   ...

HTTP/1.1 413 Request Entity Too Large
Content-Type: application/json
Location: https://example.com/v1/Bulk/yfCrVJhFIJagAHj8

{
  "Errors":[
    {
      "description":"The size of the bulk operation exceeds the maxPayloadSize (1048576).",
      "code":"413"
    }
  ]
}

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3.6.  Data Input/Output Formats

   Consumers MUST specify the format in which the data is submitted via
   the HTTP header content-type and MAY specify the desired response
   data format via an HTTP Accept Header; e.g.,"Accept: application/
   json" or via URI suffix; e.g.,

   GET /Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646.json
   Host: example.com

   GET /Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646.xml
   Host: example.com

   Service Providers MUST support the Accept Headers "Accept:
   application/json" for JSON [5] and, if supported, "Accept:
   application/xml" for XML [6].  The format defaults to JSON if no
   format is specified.  The data structure returned is equivalent in
   both formats; the only difference is in the encoding of the data.

   Singular attributes are encoded as string name-value-pairs in JSON;
   e.g.,

   "attribute": "value"

   and elements in XML; e.g.,

   <attribute>value</attribute>

   Multi-valued attributes in JSON are encoded as arrays; e.g.,

   "attributes": [ "value1", "value2" ]

   and repeated tags in XML; e.g.,

   <attributes>value1</attributes>
   <attributes>value2</attributes>

   Elements with nested elements are represented as objects in JSON;
   e.g,

   "attribute": { "subattribute1": "value1", "subattribute2": "value2" }

   and repeated tags in XML; e.g.,

   <attribute>
     <subattribute1>value1</subattribute1>
     <subattribute2>value2</subattribute2>

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   </attribute>

3.7.  Additional retrieval query parameters

   Consumers MAY request a partial Resource representation on any
   operation that returns a Resource within the response by specifying
   the URL query parameter 'attributes'.  When specified, each Resource
   returned MUST contain the minimal set of Resource attributes and,
   MUST contain no other attributes or Sub-Attributes than those
   explicitly requested.  The query parameter attributes value is a
   comma separated list of Resource attribute names in standard,
   attribute notation (Section 3.8) form (e.g. userName, name, emails).

   GET /Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646?attributes=userName
   Host: example.com
   Accept: application/json
   Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8

   Giving the response

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: application/json
Location: https://example.com/v1/Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646
ETag: W/"a330bc54f0671c9"

{
  "schemas":["urn:scim:schemas:core:1.0"],
  "id":"2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646",
  "userName":"bjensen",
  "meta":{
    "created":"2011-08-01T18:29:49.793Z",
    "lastModified":"2011-08-01T18:29:49.793Z",
    "location":"https://example.com/v1/Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646",
    "version":"W\/\"a330bc54f0671c9\""
  }
}

3.8.  Attribute Notation

   All operations share a common scheme for referencing simple and
   complex attributes.  In general, attributes are identified by
   prefixing the attribute name with its schema URN separated by a ':'
   character; e.g., the core User Resource attribute 'userName' is
   identified as 'urn:scim:schemas:core:1.0:userName'.  Consumers MAY
   omit core schema attribute URN prefixes though MUST fully qualify

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   extended attributes with the associated Resource URN; e.g., the
   attribute 'age' defined in 'urn:hr:schemas:user' is fully encoded as
   'urn:hr:schemas:user:age'.  A Complex attributes' Sub-Attributes are
   referenced via nested, dot ('.') notation; i.e., {urn}:{Attribute
   name}.{Sub-Attribute name}.  For example, the fully qualified path
   for a User's givenName is urn:scim:schemas:core:1.0:name.givenName
   All facets (URN, attribute and Sub-Attribute name) of the fully
   encoded Attribute name are case insensitive.

3.9.  HTTP Response Codes

   The SCIM Protocol uses the response status codes defined in HTTP [7]
   to indicate operation success or failure.  In addition to returning a
   HTTP response code implementers MUST return the errors in the body of
   the response in the client requested format containing the error
   response and, per the HTTP specification, human-readable
   explanations.  Implementers SHOULD handle the identified errors as
   described below.

   +--------------+---------------------------+------------------------+
   | Code         | Applicability             | Suggested Explanation  |
   +--------------+---------------------------+------------------------+
   | 400 BAD      | GET,POST,PUT,PATCH,DELETE | Request is             |
   | REQUEST      |                           | unparseable,           |
   |              |                           | syntactically          |
   |              |                           | incorrect, or violates |
   |              |                           | schema                 |
   | 401          | GET,POST,PUT,PATCH,DELETE | Authorization failure  |
   | UNAUTHORIZED |                           |                        |
   | 403          | GET,POST,PUT,PATCH,DELETE | Server does not        |
   | FORBIDDEN    |                           | support requested      |
   |              |                           | operation              |
   | 404 NOT      | GET,PUT,PATCH,DELETE      | Specified resource;    |
   | FOUND        |                           | e.g., User, does not   |
   |              |                           | exist                  |
   | 409 CONFLICT | PUT,PATCH,DELETE          | The specified version  |
   |              |                           | number does not match  |
   |              |                           | the resource's latest  |
   |              |                           | version number or a    |
   |              |                           | Service Provider       |
   |              |                           | refused to create a    |
   |              |                           | new, duplicate         |
   |              |                           | resource               |
   | 412          | PUT,PATCH,DELETE          | Failed to update as    |
   | PRECONDITION |                           | Resource {id} changed  |
   | FAILED       |                           | on the server last     |
   |              |                           | retrieved              |

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   | 413 REQUEST  | POST                      | {"maxOperations":      |
   | ENTITY TOO   |                           | 1000,"maxPayload":     |
   | LARGE        |                           | 1048576}               |
   | 500 INTERNAL | GET,POST,PUT,PATCH,DELETE | An internal error.     |
   | SERVER ERROR |                           | Implementers SHOULD    |
   |              |                           | provide descriptive    |
   |              |                           | debugging advice       |
   | 501 NOT      | GET,POST,PUT,PATCH,DELETE | Service Provider does  |
   | IMPLEMENTED  |                           | not support the        |
   |              |                           | request operation;     |
   |              |                           | e.g., PATCH            |
   +--------------+---------------------------+------------------------+

                       Table 7: Defined error cases

   Error example in response to a non-existent GET request.

HTTP/1.1 404 NOT FOUND

{
  "Errors":[
    {
      "description":"Resource 2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646 not found",
      "code":"404"
    }
  ]
}

3.10.  API Versioning

   The Base URL MAY be appended with a version identifier as a separate
   segment in the URL path.  At this time the only valid identifier is
   'v1'.  If specified, the version identifier MUST appear in the URL
   path immediately preceding the Resource endpoint and conform to the
   following scheme: the character 'v' followed by the desired SCIM
   version number; e.g., a version 'v1' User request is specified as
   /v1/Users.  When specified Service Providers MUST perform the
   operation using the desired version or reject the request.  When
   omitted Service Providers SHOULD perform the operation using the most
   recent API supported by the Service Provider.

3.11.  Versioning Resources

   The API supports resource versioning via standard,HTTP ETags.
   Service providers MAY support weak ETags as the preferred mechanism
   for performing conditional retrievals and ensuring Consumers do not
   inadvertently overwrite each others changes, respectively.  When

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   supported SCIM ETags MUST be specified as an HTTP header and SHOULD
   be specified within the 'version' attribute contained in the
   Resource's 'meta' attribute.

   Example:

   POST /Users  HTTP/1.1
   Host: example.com
   Content-Type:  application/json
   Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8
   Content-Length: ...

   {
     "schemas":["urn:scim:schemas:core:1.0"],
     "userName":"bjensen",
     "externalId":"bjensen",
     "name":{
       "formatted":"Ms. Barbara J Jensen III",
       "familyName":"Jensen",
       "givenName":"Barbara"
     }
   }

   The server responds with an ETag in the response header and meta
   structure.

HTTP/1.1 201 Created
Content-Type: application/json
Location: https://example.com/v1/Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646
ETag: W/"e180ee84f0671b1"

{
  "schemas":["urn:scim:schemas:core:1.0"],
  "id":"2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646",
  "meta":{
    "created":"2011-08-01T21:32:44.882Z",
    "lastModified":"2011-08-01T21:32:44.882Z",
    "location":"https://example.com/v1/Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646",
    "version":"W\/\"e180ee84f0671b1\""
  },
  "name":{
    "formatted":"Ms. Barbara J Jensen III",
    "familyName":"Jensen",
    "givenName":"Barbara"
  },
  "userName":"bjensen"
}

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   With the returned ETag, Consumers MAY choose to retrieve the Resource
   only if the Resource has been modified.  In addition, if updating,
   specifying an ETag guarantees that previous updates will not be
   overwritten.

   Conditional retrieval example using If-None-Match header:

  GET /Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646?attributes=displayName
  Host: example.com
  Accept: application/json
  Authorization: Bearer h480djs93hd8
  If-None-Match: W/"e180ee84f0671b1"

   If the Resource has not changed the Service Provider simply returns
   an empty body with a 304 "Not Modified" response code.

   Similarly, consumers MAY supply an If-Match ETag header for PUT,
   PATCH, and DELETE operations to ensure that the requested operation
   succeeds only if the supplied ETag matches the latest Service
   Provider Resource; e.g., If-Match: W/"e180ee84f0671b1"

   To perform DELETE, PATCH, or PUT operations and override ETag
   versioning specify "If-Match: *" in lieu of an ETag header.

3.12.  HTTP Method Overloading

   In recognition that some clients, servers and firewalls prevent PUT,
   PATCH and DELETE operations a client MAY override the POST operation
   by specifying the custom header "X-HTTP-Method-Override" with the
   desired PUT, PATCH, DELETE operation.  For example:

   POST /Users/2819c223-7f76-453a-919d-413861904646
   X-HTTP-Method-Override: DELETE

4.  Security Considerations

   The SCIM Protocol is based on HTTP and thus subject to the security
   considerations found in Section 15 of [RFC2616].  SCIM Resources
   (e.g., Users and Groups) can contain sensitive information.
   Therefore, SCIM Consumers and Service Providers MUST implement TLS.
   Which version(s) ought to be implemented will vary over time, and
   depend on the widespread deployment and known security
   vulnerabilities at the time of implementation.  At the time of this
   writing, TLS version 1.2 [RFC5246 [8]] is the most recent version,
   but has very limited actual deployment, and might not be readily

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   available in implementation toolkits.  TLS version 1.0 [RFC2246 [8]]
   is the most widely deployed version, and will give the broadest
   interoperability.

5.  Contributors

      Samuel Erdtman (samuel@erdtman.se)
      Patrick Harding (pharding@pingidentity.com)

6.  Acknowledgments

   The editor would like to thank the participants in the the SCIM
   working group for their support of this specification.

Authors' Addresses

   Trey Drake (editor)
   UnboundID

   Email: trey.drake@unboundid.com

   Chuck Mortimore
   SalesForce

   Email: cmortimore@salesforce.com

   Morteza Ansari
   Cisco

   Email: morteza.ansari@cisco.com

   Kelly Grizzle
   SailPoint

   Email: kelly.grizzle@sailpoint.com

   Erik Wahlstroem
   Technology Nexus

   Email: erik.wahlstrom@nexussafe.com

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