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Formal SignWriting
draft-slevinski-formal-signwriting-01

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This is an older version of an Internet-Draft whose latest revision state is "Expired".
Author Stephen E Slevinski Jr
Last updated 2016-12-22 (Latest revision 2016-10-04)
Replaces draft-slevinski-signwriting-text
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draft-slevinski-formal-signwriting-01
Sutton-Slevinski Collaboration                              S. Slevinski
Internet-Draft                        Center for Sutton Movement Writing
Intended status: Informational                         December 22, 2016
Expires: June 25, 2017

                           Formal SignWriting
                 draft-slevinski-formal-signwriting-01

Abstract

   Sutton SignWriting is the universal and complete solution for written
   sign language.  It has been applied by a wide and deep international
   community of sign language users.  Sutton SignWriting is an
   international standard for writing sign languages by hand or with
   computers.  From education to research, from entertainment to
   religion, SignWriting has proven useful because people are using it
   to write signed languages.

   Formal SignWriting (FSW) is a faithful character-encoding of Sutton
   SignWriting based on 2-dimensional mathematics.  FSW defines a formal
   language for written sign languages where any sign of any sign
   language can be written as a string of ASCII characters.  The
   mathematical names are explained with tokens and regular expression
   patterns.  Symbol keys reference the Sutton SignWriting Symbols.
   Cartesian coordinates are used for 2-dimensional placement.  Signs
   are written in a spatial SignBox, where each symbol is positioned
   with a 2-dimension coordinate.  For sorting, each sign can have an
   optional temporal sequence of symbols that is outside of the SignBox.
   To create sentences, signs are written sequentially, interspersed
   with punctuation symbols.

   The styling string of Formal SignWriting uses a lite markup to define
   a variety of styling options.  The entire sign can be customized for
   padding, coloring, and size.  Individual symbols within a sign can be
   customized for coloring and size.  For SVG, class names and IDs can
   be defined.

   The query language of Formal SignWriting uses a lite markup, similar
   to FSW, to define a variety of searching possibilities.  The spatial
   SignBox can be searched for symbols or ranges of symbols.  For each
   symbol or range, the search can specify if the symbol only needs to
   be found somewhere in the SignBox, or if the symbol needs to be found
   near certain coordinates.  The temporal sequence can be searched for
   starting symbols, written as a sequential list of symbols and ranges
   of symbols.  When searching the temporal sequence, the search results
   will be limited to signs that start with a matching temporal
   sequence.  Each query string is transformed into one or more regular

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   expressions.  The regular expressions are used to quickly search
   large amounts of data.

   Formal SignWriting has been specifically designed to integrate with
   standard browser technology.  Four main components make this
   integration possible: 1) Font Technology, 2) Scalar Vector Graphics,
   3) HTML and CSS, and 4) a JavaScript Library.

   Formal SignWriting is ASCII based, so it is compatible with and
   optimized for UTF-8.  Using the 672 existing characters of the Sutton
   SignWriting block in Unicode 8 along with an additional 17 proposed
   Unicode characters, it is possible to create a pure Unicode string
   that is isomorphic to the Formal SignWriting string.

   This memo defines a conceptual character encoding map for the
   Internet community.  It is published for reference, examination,
   implementation, and evaluation.  Distribution of this memo is
   unlimited.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on June 25, 2017.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2016 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of

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   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Sutton SignWriting  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     1.1.  Script  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     1.2.  Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
   2.  Formal SignWriting  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
     2.1.  Building Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
       2.1.1.  Symbol Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
       2.1.2.  Coordinates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
       2.1.3.  Spatial SignBox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
       2.1.4.  Temporal Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  15
       2.1.5.  Sentences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  16
     2.2.  Styling String  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  18
       2.2.1.  Entire Sign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  18
       2.2.2.  Individual Symbols  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  21
       2.2.3.  SVG Class Names and ID  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  22
     2.3.  Query Language  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  23
       2.3.1.  Searching the Spatial Signbox . . . . . . . . . . . .  24
       2.3.2.  Searching the Temporal Sequence . . . . . . . . . . .  25
       2.3.3.  Including the Styling String  . . . . . . . . . . . .  26
     2.4.  Transformations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  27
       2.4.1.  Formal SignWriting to Query String  . . . . . . . . .  27
       2.4.2.  Query String to Regular Expression  . . . . . . . . .  27
   3.  Browser Integration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  28
     3.1.  Font Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  28
       3.1.1.  Installing the TrueType Fonts . . . . . . . . . . . .  29
       3.1.2.  Using the Fonts without Installation  . . . . . . . .  29
     3.2.  Scalar Vector Graphics  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  30
       3.2.1.  Font Based SVG  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  30
       3.2.2.  Stand Alone SVG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  32
     3.3.  HTML and CSS  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  33
       3.3.1.  Centering and Sizing  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  33
       3.3.2.  Coloring Symbols and Signs  . . . . . . . . . . . . .  33
       3.3.3.  Other Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  34
       3.3.4.  Sentences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  34
     3.4.  JavaScript Library  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  35
   4.  Unicode Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  35
     4.1.  Existing Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  36
     4.2.  New Characters  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  36
     4.3.  Sutton SignWriting Symbols  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  37
   5.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  38
   6.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  38
   7.  References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  38
   Author's Address  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  38

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1.  Sutton SignWriting

   Sutton SignWriting is the universal and complete solution for written
   sign language.  It has been applied by a wide and deep international
   community of sign languages including: American Sign Language,
   Arabian Sign Languages, Australian Sign Language, Bolivian Sign
   Language, Brazilian Sign Language, British Sign Language, Catalan
   Sign Language, Colombian Sign Language, Czech Sign Language, Danish
   Sign Language, Dutch Sign Language, Ethiopian Sign Language, Finnish
   Sign Language, Flemish Sign Language, French-Belgian Sign Language,
   French Sign Language, German Sign Language, Greek Sign Language,
   Irish Sign Language, Italian Sign Language, Japanese Sign Language,
   Malawi Sign Language, Malaysian Sign Language, Maltese Sign Language,
   Mexican Sign Language, Nepalese Sign Language, New Zealand Sign
   Language, Nicaraguan Sign Language, Norwegian Sign Language, Peruvian
   Sign Language, Philippines Sign Language, Polish Sign Language,
   Portugese Sign Language, Quebec Sign Language, South African Sign
   Language, Spanish Sign Language, Swedish Sign Language, Swiss Sign
   Language, Taiwanese Sign Language, and Tunisian Sign Language.

   Sutton SignWriting is an international standard for writing sign
   languages by hand or with computers.  From education to research,
   from entertainment to religion, SignWriting has proven useful because
   people are using it to write signed languages.

1.1.  Script

   Sign language is vastly different than spoken language.  Instead of
   the sequential sounds of the voice, there is a 3 dimensional space
   with simultaneous action.  Sutton SignWriting creates 2-dimensional
   writing that is visually icon and full of featural information.  This
   is true on the symbol level and on the sign level.  A symbol
   represents phonemic information and is full of featural information
   to better understand the phonemes of the symbols.  A sign is a
   2-dimensional arrangement of symbols and is full of featural
   information to better understand the morphemes of the signs.

   Punctuation is represented by a single symbol and separates a series
   of signs into structured sentences.  Line breaks should not occur
   before punctuation.

   When written vertically, SignWriting can use 3 different lanes: left,
   middle, and right.  The middle lane is the default lane and
   punctuation is always used in the middle lane.  No matter the lane,
   the center of a sign is aligned with the center of the lane.  The
   left and right lanes are used to represent body weight shifts and are
   represented by a horizontal offset from the middle lane.  Body weight
   shifts are important to the grammar of sign languages, used for two

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   different grammatical aspects: 1) role shifting during sign language
   storytelling, and 2) spatial comparisons of two items under
   discussion.  One "role" or "item" is placed on the right side of the
   body (right lane), and the other on the left side of the body (left
   lane), and the weight shifts back and forth between the two, with the
   narrator in the middle (middle lane).

1.2.  Symbols

   The Sutton SignWriting Symbols are the building blocks of Sutton
   SignWriting.  The symbols are arranged in 2 dimensions to create the
   sign images.  The symbols are defined in the International
   SignWriting Alphabet 2010 (ISWA 2010), a symbol set created by
   Valerie Sutton.  The symbols are organized with a 16-bit coded
   character set.

2.  Formal SignWriting

   Formal SignWriting (FSW) is a faithful character-encoding of Sutton
   SignWriting based on 2-dimensional mathematics.  FSW defines a formal
   language for written sign languages where any sign of any sign
   language can be written as a string of ASCII characters.  Each sign
   is written as a separate word.

2.1.  Building Blocks

   The mathematical words of Formal SignWriting are plain text strings
   of characters.  These names are described with regular expressions.
   Formal languages and regular expressions are used to solve
   fundamental problems.

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   Regular Expression Basics

   +------------+--------------------------+---------------------------+
   | Characters | Description              | Example                   |
   +------------+--------------------------+---------------------------+
   | *          | Match a literal 0 or     | ABC* matches AB, ABC,     |
   |            | more times               | ABCC, ...                 |
   +------------+--------------------------+---------------------------+
   | +          | Match a literal 1 or     | ABC+ matches ABC, ABCC,   |
   |            | more times               | ABCCC, ...                |
   +------------+--------------------------+---------------------------+
   | ?          | Match a literal 0 or 1   | ABC? matches AB or ABC    |
   |            | times                    |                           |
   +------------+--------------------------+---------------------------+
   | {#}        | Match a literal "#"      | AB{2} matches ABB         |
   |            | times                    |                           |
   +------------+--------------------------+---------------------------+
   | [ ]        | Match any single literal | [ABC] matches A, B, or C  |
   |            | from a list              |                           |
   +------------+--------------------------+---------------------------+
   | [ - ]      | Match any single literal | [A-C] matches A, B, or C  |
   |            | in a range               |                           |
   +------------+--------------------------+---------------------------+
   | ( )        | Creates a group for      | A(BC)+ matches ABC,       |
   |            | matching                 | ABCBC, ABCBCBC, ...       |
   +------------+--------------------------+---------------------------+
   | ( | )      | Matches one of several   | (AB|BC|CD) will match AB, |
   |            | alternatives             | BC, or CD                 |
   +------------+--------------------------+---------------------------+

                                  Table 1

   The Formal SignWriting encoding model makes explicit those features
   which can be effectively and efficiently processed.  The mathematical
   names are structured with 11 different tokens.  They can be grouped
   in 4 layers: the 5 structural makers (A, B, L, M, R), the 3 base
   symbol ranges (w, s, P), the 2 modifier indexes (i, o), and the
   numbers (n).

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   The Tokens of Formal SignWriting

   +-------+-------------------------------+
   | Token | Description                   |
   +-------+-------------------------------+
   | A     | Sequence Marker               |
   +-------+-------------------------------+
   | B     | SignBox Marker                |
   +-------+-------------------------------+
   | L     | Left Lane Marker              |
   +-------+-------------------------------+
   | M     | Middle Lane Marker            |
   +-------+-------------------------------+
   | R     | Right Lane Marker             |
   +-------+-------------------------------+
   | w     | Writing BaseSymbols           |
   +-------+-------------------------------+
   | s     | Detailed Location BaseSymbols |
   +-------+-------------------------------+
   | P     | Punctuation BaseSymbols       |
   +-------+-------------------------------+
   | i     | Fill Modifiers                |
   +-------+-------------------------------+
   | o     | Rotation Modifiers            |
   +-------+-------------------------------+
   | n     | Number from 250 to 749        |
   +-------+-------------------------------+

                                  Table 2

   These tokens are used in patterns to form written sign language.  The
   following token patterns fully describe Formal SignWriting.

2.1.1.  Symbol Keys

   Symbol keys can be described with 3 tokens: base symbol, fill
   modifier, and rotation modifier.

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   Symbol Key Tokens

   +---------+---------------------------------------------------------+
   | Token   | Description                                             |
   | Pattern |                                                         |
   +---------+---------------------------------------------------------+
   | w       | Writing BaseSymbols.                                    |
   +---------+---------------------------------------------------------+
   | s       | Detailed Location BaseSymbols.                          |
   +---------+---------------------------------------------------------+
   | P       | Punctuation BaseSymbols.                                |
   +---------+---------------------------------------------------------+
   | i       | Fill Modifiers.                                         |
   +---------+---------------------------------------------------------+
   | o       | Rotation Modifiers.                                     |
   +---------+---------------------------------------------------------+
   | wio     | A writing symbol as 3 tokens of writing base, fill      |
   |         | modifier and rotation modifier.  Writing symbols can be |
   |         | used in the spatial SignBox or the temporal sequence.   |
   +---------+---------------------------------------------------------+
   | [ws]io  | A writing symbol or a detailed location symbol as 3     |
   |         | tokens of base, fill modifier, and rotation modifier.   |
   |         | Writing symbols and detail location symbols can be used |
   |         | in the temporal sequence.                               |
   +---------+---------------------------------------------------------+
   | Pio     | A punctuation symbol as 3 tokens of punctuation base,   |
   |         | fill modifier, and rotation modifier.  Punctuation      |
   |         | symbols divide signs into sentences.                    |
   +---------+---------------------------------------------------------+

                                  Table 3

   Symbol keys are 6 characters long.  The first character of a symbol
   key is always "S".  The next 3 characters identify the symbol base.
   The last two characters identify the fill and rotation modifiers
   respectively.

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   Symbol Key Definition

   +--------------------------------+-----------------------+
   | Regular Expression             | Description           |
   +--------------------------------+-----------------------+
   | S                              | Start of symbol key   |
   +--------------------------------+-----------------------+
   | [123][0-9a-f]{2}               | Symbol key base       |
   +--------------------------------+-----------------------+
   | [0-5]                          | Fill modifier         |
   +--------------------------------+-----------------------+
   | [0-9a-f]                       | Rotation modifier     |
   +--------------------------------+-----------------------+
   | S[123][0-9a-f]{2}[0-5][0-9a-f] | Symbol key definition |
   +--------------------------------+-----------------------+

                                  Table 4

   Symbol keys can be divided between several types.  Each type has a
   starting and ending base value.

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   Symbol Key Type and Ranges

   +-------------+-------+-----+---------------------------------------+
   | Type        | Start | End | Description                           |
   +-------------+-------+-----+---------------------------------------+
   | all symbols | 100   | 38b | All symbol keys occur in this range.  |
   +-------------+-------+-----+---------------------------------------+
   | writing     | 100   | 37e | Symbols that can be used in the       |
   |             |       |     | spatial SignBox or the temporal       |
   |             |       |     | sequence.                             |
   +-------------+-------+-----+---------------------------------------+
   | hand        | 100   | 204 | Various handshapes                    |
   +-------------+-------+-----+---------------------------------------+
   | movement    | 205   | 2f6 | Contact symbols, small finger         |
   |             |       |     | movements, straight arrows, curved    |
   |             |       |     | arrows and circles.                   |
   +-------------+-------+-----+---------------------------------------+
   | dynamic     | 2f7   | 2fe | Dynamic symbols are used to give the  |
   |             |       |     | "feeling" or "tempo" to movement.     |
   +-------------+-------+-----+---------------------------------------+
   | head        | 2ff   | 36c | Symbols for the head and face.        |
   +-------------+-------+-----+---------------------------------------+
   | hcenter     | 2ff   | 36c | Used to determine the horizontal      |
   |             |       |     | center of a sign.  Same as the head   |
   |             |       |     | type.                                 |
   +-------------+-------+-----+---------------------------------------+
   | vcenter     | 2ff   | 375 | Use to determine the vertical center  |
   |             |       |     | of a sign.  Includes the head and     |
   |             |       |     | trunk types.                          |
   +-------------+-------+-----+---------------------------------------+
   | trunk       | 36d   | 375 | Symbols for torso movement,           |
   |             |       |     | shoulders, and hips.                  |
   +-------------+-------+-----+---------------------------------------+
   | limb        | 376   | 37e | Symbols for limbs and fingers.        |
   +-------------+-------+-----+---------------------------------------+
   | location    | 37f   | 386 | Details location symbols can only be  |
   |             |       |     | used in the temporal sequence.        |
   +-------------+-------+-----+---------------------------------------+
   | punctuation | 387   | 38b | Punctual symbols are used to divide   |
   |             |       |     | signs into sentences.                 |
   +-------------+-------+-----+---------------------------------------+

                                  Table 5

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2.1.2.  Coordinates

   Coordinates can be described with 2 tokens: number and number.  These
   numbers represent the X and Y coordinates respectively.

   The number characters encode the ruler principle with characters.
   The ruler principle is built in automatically for scripts written
   sequentially in one dimension.  The number characters are needed to
   specify the spatial relationship between symbols.

   Coordinate Tokens

   +----------------+---------------------------------------------+
   | Token Patterns | Description                                 |
   +----------------+---------------------------------------------+
   | n              | Number from 250 to 749                      |
   +----------------+---------------------------------------------+
   | nn             | Coordinate with X and Y values as 2 numbers |
   +----------------+---------------------------------------------+

                                  Table 6

   There are 2 definitions for a coordinate.  The more general
   definition simply defines 3 numbers followed by an "x" followed by 3
   more numbers.  The more explicit definition correctly restricts the
   number range from 250 to 749.  The general coordinate definition is
   adequate for processing.

   General 3 digit number definition:  [0-9]{3}

   General coordinate definition:  [0-9]{3}x[0-9]{3}

   Explicit number definition from 250 to 749:
      (2[5-9][0-9]|[3-6][0-9]{2}|7[0-4][0-9])

   Explicit coordinate definition:  (2[5-9][0-9]|[3-6][0-9]{2}|7[0-4][0-
      9])x(2[5-9][0-9]|[3-6][0-9]{2}|7[0-4][0-9])

2.1.3.  Spatial SignBox

   The visual image of a logographic sign is a 2-dimension arrangement
   of symbols inside of a signbox.  Each signbox has a defined width,
   height, and 2-dimensional center that can be calculated from the
   plain text.

   Each logographic sign exists on its own 2-dimensional signbox.  Each
   point on the signbox is identified with an X and a Y coordinate.

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   Each signbox has a defined center.  Formal numbers range from 250 to
   749.  Informal number have no limit.

              Y Axis
                | 250
                |
                |
                |
                |
                |
   X Axis       |
     -----------+------------
     250        |         749
                |
                |
                |
                |
                |
                | 749

   Symbols are placed on the signbox with coordinates that represent the
   top-left of the symbol image.  Symbol images may overlap.

   The Spatial SignBox can be described with 8 tokens.

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   Spatial SignBox Tokens

   +-----------------+-------------------------------------------------+
   | Token Pattern   | Description                                     |
   +-----------------+-------------------------------------------------+
   | B               | SignBox Marker                                  |
   +-----------------+-------------------------------------------------+
   | L               | Left Lane Marker                                |
   +-----------------+-------------------------------------------------+
   | M               | Middle Lane Marker                              |
   +-----------------+-------------------------------------------------+
   | R               | Right Lane Marker                               |
   +-----------------+-------------------------------------------------+
   | w               | Writing BaseSymbols                             |
   +-----------------+-------------------------------------------------+
   | i               | Fill Modifiers                                  |
   +-----------------+-------------------------------------------------+
   | o               | Rotation Modifiers                              |
   +-----------------+-------------------------------------------------+
   | n               | Number from 250 to 749                          |
   +-----------------+-------------------------------------------------+
   | wio             | A writing symbol as 3 tokens of writing base,   |
   |                 | fill modifier and rotation modifier             |
   +-----------------+-------------------------------------------------+
   | nn              | Coordinate with X and Y values as 2 numbers     |
   +-----------------+-------------------------------------------------+
   | wionn           | A spatial symbol as 5 tokens, with 3 tokens for |
   |                 | a writing symbol and 2 tokens for coordinates   |
   |                 | of top left placement                           |
   +-----------------+-------------------------------------------------+
   | (wionn)*        | Zero or more spatial symbols                    |
   +-----------------+-------------------------------------------------+
   | Bnn(wionn)*     | A signbox with a preprocessed maximum           |
   |                 | coordinate and a list of spatial symbols used   |
   |                 | for horizontal writing                          |
   +-----------------+-------------------------------------------------+
   | [LMR]           | A lane marker: either left, middle or right.    |
   +-----------------+-------------------------------------------------+
   | [LMR]nn(wionn)* | A signbox in either the left, middle, or right  |
   |                 | lane with a preprocessed maximum coordinate and |
   |                 | a list of spatial symbols used for vertical     |
   |                 | writing                                         |
   +-----------------+-------------------------------------------------+

                                  Table 7

   The Spatial SignBox is assigned to a lane, has a preprocessed maximum
   coordinate and zero or more writing symbols with X and Y coordinates.

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   Symbol key definition:  S[123][0-9a-f]{2}[0-5][0-9a-f]

   Coordinate definition:  [0-9]{3}x[0-9]{3}

   SignBox definition:  [BLMR]([0-9]{3}x[0-9]{3})(S[123][0-9a-
      f]{2}[0-5][0-9a-f][0-9]{3}x[0-9]{3})*

   2-dimensional space does not have a normative 1-dimensional order.
   When symbols overlap, the relative order of the overlapping symbols
   is important.  Otherwise, the exact string order of the spatial
   symbols is unpredictable.

2.1.3.1.  Bounding Box

   The symbols do not have a consistent width or height.  The center of
   a symbol can be safely assumed to be at half-width and half-height.
   A bounding box for a symbol is based on the symbol width and height.
   Each symbol has a defined width and height in a text file with 37,811
   lines.  Alternately, the symbol width and height can be calculated by
   analyzing the glyphs in a TTF font file, using JavaScript or other
   language.

   The bounding box of a sign is a tight box around the symbols.  The
   bounding box is used to determine the width and height of a sign.
   The center of a bounding box is coordinate 500,500.

   The bounding box of a sign consists of four values: Minimum X,
   Minimum Y, Maximum X and Maximum Y.  The values of the bounding box
   is taken straight from the coordinates in an Formal SignWriting word.

2.1.3.2.  Maximum Coordinate

   The maximum coordinate for a signbox is pre-calculated to simplify
   layout for width, height, and center.  For each symbol, the width of
   height of that symbol is added to the coordinate position of that
   symbol.  These new coordinate values represent the bottom-right
   coordinate of each symbol bounding box.  The maximum X value is
   joined with the maximum Y value to determine the maximum coordinate.

2.1.3.3.  Centering a Sign

   To simplify layout and improve 2-dimensional searching, every sign
   has a normalized center based on symbol type, size, and mathematical
   formula.  The vertical center is based on the center of the bounding
   box around the head symbols.  The horizontal center is based on the
   center of the bounding box around the head and trunk symbols.  If a
   sign doesn't contain head or trunk symbols, then the bounding box of
   all symbols is used.  For the symbol ranges see Table 5

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   Once the center of a sign has been determined, the symbols are moved
   so that the center is coordinate 500,500.

2.1.4.  Temporal Sequence

   Signs are written in 2-dimensional space which does not have a
   normative 1-dimensional order.  Any 1-dimensional order of
   2-dimensional space is subjective.  Some 1-dimensional orders may be
   canonical according to a particular theory, but there are a variety
   of theories on setting a 1-dimensional order.

   The temporal sequence describes a 1-dimensional order that is
   separate from the spatial SignBox, rather than ordering the
   2-dimensional space directly.  The temporal sequence is written as an
   optional prefix to a spatial SignBox.  The temporal sequence will use
   the same symbols that are used in the spatial SignBox, but it does
   not need to use all of them and it is not limited to only those
   symbols.  The temporal sequence is a list of writing symbols and/or
   detailed location symbols that identify temporal order and additional
   analysis.  A valid sequence must contain at least one symbol and can
   not contain punctuation.

   The temporal sequence allows for sorting that is universally
   supported through binary string comparison.

   There are several theories on the best way to structure a temporal
   sequence.  The most productive is based on the SignSpelling Sequence
   theory of Valerie Sutton.  A temporal sequence is structured as a
   series of starting handshapes followed by optional movements,
   transitional handshapes, movement, and end handshapes.  Only symbols
   of type "hand" and "movement" should be used in this first section.
   The last section of the temporal sequence should contain symbols of
   of type "dynamic", "head", "trunk", and "limb".

   Detailed location symbols of type "location" can be used in a
   temporal sequence, but are rarely (if ever) needed for general
   writing.

   A temporal sequence can be described with 5 tokens.

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   Temporal Sequence Tokens

   +---------------+---------------------------------------------------+
   | Token         | Description                                       |
   | Patterns      |                                                   |
   +---------------+---------------------------------------------------+
   | A             | Sequence Marker                                   |
   +---------------+---------------------------------------------------+
   | w             | Writing BaseSymbols                               |
   +---------------+---------------------------------------------------+
   | s             | Detailed Location BaseSymbols                     |
   +---------------+---------------------------------------------------+
   | i             | Fill Modifiers                                    |
   +---------------+---------------------------------------------------+
   | o             | Rotation Modifiers                                |
   +---------------+---------------------------------------------------+
   | (A([ws]io)+)? | An optional temporal sequence to be used as a     |
   |               | prefix for a SignBox                              |
   +---------------+---------------------------------------------------+

                                  Table 8

   The temporal prefix starts with a sequence marker and includes an
   ordered list of writing symbols and detailed locations.

   Temporal Sequence Definition

   +---------------------------------------+---------------------------+
   | Regular Expression                    | Description               |
   +---------------------------------------+---------------------------+
   | (A(S[123][0-9a-f]{2}[0-5][0-9a-f])+)? | An optional temporal      |
   |                                       | sequence as a sequence    |
   |                                       | marker followed by one or |
   |                                       | more symbols.             |
   +---------------------------------------+---------------------------+

                                  Table 9

2.1.5.  Sentences

   General signs are written as a spatial SignBox of symbols in
   2-dimensional space.  Sortable signs include a temporal sequence as a
   1-dimensional prefix to the spatial SignBox.

   Signs are mixed with punctuation to form text.  Punctuation is a
   single symbol and separates a series of signs into structured
   sentences.  A punctuation symbol is always used alone and should not
   be used in a sign.  Line breaks should not occur before punctuation.

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   When written vertically, SignWriting can use 3 different lanes: left,
   middle, and right.  The middle lane is the default lane and
   punctuation is always used in the middle lane.  No matter the lane,
   the center of a sign is aligned with the center of the lane.

   For body weight shifts to one side or the other, the center of the
   sign is aligned with a fixed horizontal offset from the middle lane
   into either the left or right lane.

   The left and right lanes are used to represent body weight shifts and
   are represented by a horizontal offset from the middle lane.  Body
   weight shifts are important to the grammar of sign languages, used
   for two different grammatical aspects: 1) role shifting during sign
   language storytelling, and 2) spatial comparisons of two items under
   discussion.  One "role" or "item" is placed on the right side of the
   body (right lane), and the other on the left side of the body (left
   lane), and the weight shifts back and forth between the two, with the
   narrator in the middle (middle lane).

   Sentence Token Patterns

   +-----------------------------------------+-------------------------+
   | Regular Expression                      | Description             |
   +-----------------------------------------+-------------------------+
   | Pionn                                   | a punctuation symbol as |
   |                                         | a punctuation base      |
   |                                         | symbol with a           |
   |                                         | preprocessed minimum    |
   |                                         | coordinate              |
   +-----------------------------------------+-------------------------+
   | (((A([ws]io)+)?Bnn(wionn)*)|Pionn)+     | a sign text for         |
   |                                         | horizontal writing as a |
   |                                         | string of signboxes     |
   |                                         | (with optional          |
   |                                         | prefixes) and           |
   |                                         | punctuation             |
   +-----------------------------------------+-------------------------+
   | (((A([ws]io)+)?[LMR]nn(wionn)*)|Pionn)+ | a sign text for         |
   |                                         | vertical writing as a   |
   |                                         | string of signboxes in  |
   |                                         | lanes (with optional    |
   |                                         | prefixes) and           |
   |                                         | punctuation             |
   +-----------------------------------------+-------------------------+

                                 Table 10

   Sentences mix signs with punctuation to form text.

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   Punctuation definition:  S38[7-9ab][0-5][0-9a-f][0-9]{3}x[0-9]{3}

   Formal SignWriting text definition:  ((A(S[123][0-9a-f]{2}[0-5][0-9a-
      f])+)?[BLMR]([0-9]{3}x[0-9]{3})(S[123][0-9a-f]{2}[0-5][0-9a-
      f][0-9]{3}x[0-9]{3})*|S38[7-9ab][0-5][0-9a-f][0-9]{3}x[0-9]{3})(
      (A(S[123][0-9a-f]{2}[0-5][0-9a-
      f])+)?[BLMR]([0-9]{3}x[0-9]{3})(S[123][0-9a-f]{2}[0-5][0-9a-
      f][0-9]{3}x[0-9]{3})*| S38[7-9ab][0-5][0-9a-f][0-9]{3}x[0-9]{3})*

2.2.  Styling String

   The styling string of Formal SignWriting uses a lite markup to define
   a variety of styling options.  The entire sign can be customized for
   padding, coloring, and size.  Individual symbols within a sign can be
   customized for coloring and size.  For SVG output, class names and
   IDs can be defined.  A styling string can be added to the end of any
   Formal SignWriting string to style a particular sign.

   Colors can be written as CSS color names or as color hex values.

   CSS Color Names:  [a-zA-Z]+

   Color Hex Values:  [0-9a-fA-F]{3}([0-9a-fA-F]{3})?

   The styling string is divided into 3 sections: one for the entire
   sign, one for individual symbols, and one for SVG class names and ID.
   The styling string starts with a single dash, after which is the
   section about the entire sign.  A second dash, if present, marks the
   start of the section about the individual symbols.  A third dash, if
   present, marks the start of the section about the SVG class names and
   ID.  The order of the styling options is important.

   Styling String:  -C?(P[0-9]{2})?(G_([0-9a-fA-F]{3}([0-9a-fA-
      F]{3})?|[a-zA-Z]+)_)?(D_([0-9a-fA-F]{3}([0-9a-fA-F]{3})?|[a-zA-
      Z]+)(,([0-9a-fA-F]{3}([0-9a-fA-F]{3})?|[a-zA-
      Z]+))?_)?(Z([0-9]+(\.[0-9]+)?|x))?(-(D[0-9]{2}_([0-9a-fA-F]{3}([0-
      9a-fA-F]{3})?|[a-zA-Z]+)(,([0-9a-fA-F]{3}([0-9a-fA-F]{3})?|[a-zA-
      Z]+))?_)*(Z[0-9]{2},[0-9]+(\.[0-9]+)?(,[0-9]{3}x[0-9]{3})?)*)?(--
      ?[_a-zA-Z][_a-zA-Z0-9-]{0,100}( -?[_a-zA-Z][_a-zA-
      Z0-9-]{0,100})*!([a-zA-Z][_a-zA-Z0-9-]{0,100}!)?)?

2.2.1.  Entire Sign

   There are several options for styling an entire sign.

   C  Colorize

   P  Padding

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   G  Background

   D  Detail colors

   Z  Zoom level

2.2.1.1.  Colorize

   Colorizing a sign will set the color of each symbol based on its
   classification.

   Hand  0000CC

   Movement  CC0000

   Dynamic  FF0099

   Head  006600

   Body  000000

   Detailed Location  884411

   Punctuation  FF9900

   +----------------+----------------------------------+
   | Styling String | Description                      |
   +----------------+----------------------------------+
   | -C             | Colorize the symbols of the sign |
   +----------------+----------------------------------+

                                 Table 11

2.2.1.2.  Padding

   Padding is applied around the entire sign.  A two-digit number is
   used to set the padding.

   +----------------+--------------------------------+
   | Styling String | Description                    |
   +----------------+--------------------------------+
   | -P01           | A padding of 1 around the sign |
   +----------------+--------------------------------+

                                 Table 12

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2.2.1.3.  Background

   By default, the background of a sign is transparent.  The background
   color can be set with a CSS color name or with a color hex value.
   The color name or value must be surrounded by underscores.

   +----------------+-----------------------------------+
   | Styling String | Description                       |
   +----------------+-----------------------------------+
   | -G_lightblue_  | Background color of light blue.   |
   +----------------+-----------------------------------+
   | -G_f00_        | Background color as 3 hex values. |
   +----------------+-----------------------------------+
   | -G_ff0000_     | Background color as 6 hex values. |
   +----------------+-----------------------------------+

                                 Table 13

2.2.1.4.  Detail Colors

   By default, each symbol has a line color of black and a fill color of
   white.  The line color for all of the symbols can be set with a CSS
   color name or with a color hex value.  The color name or value must
   be surrounded by underscores.  Setting the fill color is optional.
   To set the fill color, put a comma and the fill color after the line
   color but before the closing underscore.

   +----------------+------------------------------------------------+
   | Styling String | Description                                    |
   +----------------+------------------------------------------------+
   | -D_red_        | Line color of red.                             |
   +----------------+------------------------------------------------+
   | -D_red,yellow_ | Line color of red with a fill color of yellow. |
   +----------------+------------------------------------------------+

                                 Table 14

2.2.1.5.  Zoom Level

   By default, a sign is set to zoom level 1.  The zoom level can be set
   with an integer or a decimal number.

   Alternatively, the zoom level can be set to lower-case 'x', for
   extendable.  The SVG created will not specify the width or height, so
   that the sign image will fill whatever container it is placed inside.

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   +----------------+--------------------------+
   | Styling String | Description              |
   +----------------+--------------------------+
   | -Z2            | Zoom level of 2          |
   +----------------+--------------------------+
   | -Z15.7         | Zoom level of 15.7       |
   +----------------+--------------------------+
   | -Zx            | Zoom level of extendable |
   +----------------+--------------------------+

                                 Table 15

2.2.2.  Individual Symbols

   There are two options for styling individual symbols.  Individual
   symbols are identified by a two-digit number, which identifies the
   order the symbol appears in the SignBox.

   D  Detail colors

   Z  Zoom level

2.2.2.1.  Detail Colors

   By default, each symbol has a line color of black and a fill color of
   white.  The line color for an individual symbol can be set with a CSS
   color name or with a color hex value.  The color name or value must
   be surrounded by underscores.  Setting the fill color is optional.
   To set the fill color, put a comma and the fill color after the line
   color but before the closing underscore.

   +----------------------+--------------------------------------------+
   | Styling String       | Description                                |
   +----------------------+--------------------------------------------+
   | --D01_red_           | First symbol line color of red.            |
   +----------------------+--------------------------------------------+
   | --D01_red,yellow_    | First symbol line color of red with a fill |
   |                      | color of yellow.                           |
   +----------------------+--------------------------------------------+
   | --D01_red_D02_green_ | First symbol line color of red and second  |
   |                      | symbol line color of green.                |
   +----------------------+--------------------------------------------+

                                 Table 16

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2.2.2.2.  Zoom Level

   By default, each symbol is set to zoom level 1.  The zoom level of
   individual symbols can be set with an integer or a decimal number.

   Additionally, an offset coordinate can be specified with an
   individual symbol's zoom level.  The offset coordinate of 500x500 is
   considered no offset for either the x or y value.

   +-------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
   | Styling String    | Description                                   |
   +-------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
   | --Z03,2           | Third symbol zoom level of 2                  |
   +-------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
   | --Z04,15.7        | Fourth symbol zoom level of 15.7              |
   +-------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
   | --Z04,1.5,480x500 | Fourth symbol zoom level of 1.5 with a -20    |
   |                   | offset applied to the X value of the symbol's |
   |                   | placement coordinate.                         |
   +-------------------+-----------------------------------------------+

                                 Table 17

2.2.3.  SVG Class Names and ID

   When using SVG, there are two additional styling options of class
   names and ID.

   {class names}!  SVG Class Names

   {ID}!  SVG ID

   Both class names and ID use a restricted ASCII subset.

   class names  -?[_a-zA-Z][_a-zA-Z0-9-]{0,100}( -?[_a-zA-Z][_a-zA-
      Z0-9-]{0,100})*

   ID [a-zA-Z][_a-zA-Z0-9-]{0,100}

   Each SVG can be created with a list of class names separated by
   spaces, ending in an exclamation (!) mark.  After the class names
   exclamation mark, an ID can be written followed by another
   exclamation mark.

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   +---------------------+---------------------------------------------+
   | Styling String      | Description                                 |
   +---------------------+---------------------------------------------+
   | ---glowing!         | A class name of "glowing"                   |
   +---------------------+---------------------------------------------+
   | ---flashing         | Two class names of "flashing" and           |
   | primary!            | "primary".                                  |
   +---------------------+---------------------------------------------+
   | ---!cursor!         | SVG created with an ID of "cursor"          |
   +---------------------+---------------------------------------------+
   | ---flashing!cursor! | SVG created with a class name of "flashing" |
   |                     | and an ID of "cursor"                       |
   +---------------------+---------------------------------------------+

                                 Table 18

2.3.  Query Language

   The query language is a lite ASCII markup similar to Formal
   SignWriting.  Any Formal SignWriting string can easily be converted
   into several different query string, depending on the search
   parameters.

   The query string is a concise representation for a much larger and
   detailed set of regular expressions.  The regular expressions can be
   used to quickly and accurately search large files and databases
   containing Formal SignWriting.

   A filter and repeat pattern of searching is used as a series of match
   criteria.  A file, database, or text input is searched using a
   sequence of steps.  Each step applies a single match criteria.
   Matching results are collated and the next search criteria is
   applied.  The pattern of searching the previous results continues
   until all regular expressions have been used.

   There are two main sections of a query string.  The first searches
   the spatial signbox.  The second searches the temporal sequence.
   Both sections use the same definition for a symbol or a range.  The
   symbol search can match an exact symbol, or a set of related symbols.
   For the fill and rotation modifiers, the "u" character is a wildcard.
   The "u" stands for unknown and will match all values rather than a
   specific character.  The range search can match a range of base
   symbols.  The base symbol range consists of 2 values: the starting
   base symbol and the ending base symbol.  Every symbol between these 2
   base symbols will be matched.

   Symbol Search:  S[123][0-9a-f]{2}[0-5u][0-9a-fu]

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   Range Search:  R[123][0-9a-f]{2}t[123][0-9a-f]{2}

   At the end of the query string is an optional styling string flag
   represented by a dash (-).  If present, the Formal SignWriting
   strings will include any styling strings.  If the styling string flag
   isn't included, the query string will only find plain text Formal
   SignWriting strings without the styling string.

   The full query string definition allows for the possibility of
   searching the temporal sequence and the spatial signbox at the same
   time.

   Query String:  Q((A(S[123][0-9a-f]{2}[0-5u][0-9a-fu]|R[123][0-9a-
      f]{2}t[123][0-9a-f]{2})+)?T)?(S[123][0-9a-f]{2}[0-5u][0-9a-
      fu]([0-9]{3}x[0-9]{3})?|R[123][0-9a-f]{2}t[123][0-9a-
      f]{2}([0-9]{3}x[0-9]{3})?)*(V[0-9]+)?-?

2.3.1.  Searching the Spatial Signbox

   The spatial signbox is a list of symbols with 2-dimensional
   placement.  The query "Q" will find all signs regardless of the
   symbols used or their placement.

   It is possible to specify one or more symbols (or ranges of symbols)
   that must be included in the signbox to indicate a match.  The order
   of the symbols is not important.  Each symbol (or range) can include
   an optional coordinate.  The coordinate is a restriction on the
   match, such that a symbol must be used within a certain variance of
   the coordinate to qualify as a match.

   The variance is a number value, 0 or greater with a default value of
   20.  A variance of 0 will only find symbols used at an exact
   coordinate.  A variance of 5 will match the symbols used at a
   coordinate, plus or minus 5 for both X and Y numbers.

   Symbol Search with Optional Coordinate:  S[123][0-9a-f]{2}[0-5u][0-
      9a-fu]([0-9]{3}x[0-9]{3})?

   Range Search with Optional Coordinate:  R[123][0-9a-f]{2}t[123][0-9a-
      f]{2}([0-9]{3}x[0-9]{3})?

   Variance:  (V[0-9]+)?

   Spatial Signbox Search Query:  Q(S[123][0-9a-f]{2}[0-5u][0-9a-
      fu]([0-9]{3}x[0-9]{3})?|R[123][0-9a-f]{2}t[123][0-9a-
      f]{2}([0-9]{3}x[0-9]{3})?)*(V[0-9]+)?

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   Spatial Signbox Query Examples

   +------------------+------------------------------------------------+
   | Query            | Description                                    |
   +------------------+------------------------------------------------+
   | Q                | All signs                                      |
   +------------------+------------------------------------------------+
   | QS100uu          | Signs with the index handshape in the spatial  |
   |                  | order                                          |
   +------------------+------------------------------------------------+
   | QS100uu480x480   | Signs with the index handshape in the spatial  |
   |                  | order used near coordinate (480,480)           |
   +------------------+------------------------------------------------+
   | QS100uu480x480V0 | Signs with the index handshape in the spatial  |
   |                  | order used at the exact coordinate (480,480)   |
   +------------------+------------------------------------------------+
   | QS100uuR2fft36c  | Signs with the index handshape and a symbol    |
   |                  | from the head & face range                     |
   +------------------+------------------------------------------------+

                                 Table 19

2.3.2.  Searching the Temporal Sequence

   The temporal sequence is a list of symbol keys.  The query "QT" will
   find all signs that include a temporal sequence.

   It is possible to specify the start of the temporal sequence by
   identifying a series of symbols and/or ranges.  The query will start
   with an "QA" and end with a "T", such as "QA...T".  Between the "QA"
   and "T", a series of symbol searches and/or range searches will
   specify the desired start of the temporal sequence.  The order of the
   symbols and ranges is important.

   Temporal Sequence Search Query:  Q((A(S[123][0-9a-f]{2}[0-5u][0-9a-
      fu]|R[123][0-9a-f]{2}t[123][0-9a-f]{2})+)?T)?

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   Temporal Sequence Query Examples

   +-------------------------+-----------------------------------------+
   | Query                   | Description                             |
   +-------------------------+-----------------------------------------+
   | QT                      | All signs that include the temporal     |
   |                         | sequence                                |
   +-------------------------+-----------------------------------------+
   | QAS100uuT               | Signs with a temporal sequence that     |
   |                         | starts with the index handshape         |
   +-------------------------+-----------------------------------------+
   | QAS100uuR100t204S20500T | Signs with a temporal sequence that     |
   |                         | starts with the index handshape,        |
   |                         | followed by any handshape, followed by  |
   |                         | the single contact                      |
   +-------------------------+-----------------------------------------+

                                 Table 20

2.3.3.  Including the Styling String

   At the end of the query string is an optional styling string flag
   represented by a dash (-).  If present, the Formal SignWriting
   strings will include any styling strings.  If the styling string flag
   isn't included, the query string will only find plain text Formal
   SignWriting strings without the styling string.

   Styling String Search Query:  Q-

   Styling String Search Only:  -

   Styling String Query Examples

   +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
   | Query | Description                                               |
   +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
   | Q-    | All signs including the styling strings when present      |
   +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
   | -     | Only find styling string without including the Formal     |
   |       | SignWriting                                               |
   +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------+

                                 Table 21

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2.4.  Transformations

   Formal SignWriting and the surrounding technologies have been created
   to facilitate easy transformations between the various forms.

2.4.1.  Formal SignWriting to Query String

   Formal SignWriting strings have several natural transformations to
   query string.  The transformation can use the temporal sequence and/
   or the spatial signbox.  For each symbol, the query can include the
   exact symbol key, or the query can use a general symbol key where the
   fill and rotation modifiers are not explicitly defined.  Consider the
   Formal SignWriting string
   "AS14c20S27106M518x529S14c20481x471S27106503x489".

   Exact Temporal Sequence Symbols:  QAS14c20S27106T

   General Temporal Sequence Symbols:  QAS14cuuS271uuT

   Exact Spatial SignBox Symbols:  QS14c20S27106

   General Spatial SignBox Symbols:  QS14cuuS271uu

   Exact Spatial SignBox Symbols with Location:
      QS14c20481x471S27106503x489

   General Spatial SignBox Symbols with Location:
      QS14cuu481x471S271uu503x489

2.4.2.  Query String to Regular Expression

   The transformation from query string to regular expressions has been
   fully implemented in the Sutton SignWriting JavaScript Library and
   the SignWriting Server.

   The query language to regular expressions generator uses the
   following regular expression structures as building blocks.

   Temporal Sequence Prefix:  (A(S[123][0-9a-f]{2}[0-5][0-9a-f])+)

   SignBox Prefix:  [BLMR]([0-9]{3}x[0-9]{3})

   Spatial Symbols:  (S[123][0-9a-f]{2}[0-5][0-9a-f][0-9]{3}x[0-9]{3})*

   The Temporal Sequence Prefix is a structural marker followed by one
   or more symbols.  For the query string "QT", the prefix is required.
   For the general "Q", the prefix is optional so "?" is appended to the
   Temporal Sequence Prefix regular expression.

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   The SignBox Prefix is a combination of structural marker and
   preprocessed maximum coordinate.  Every constructed regular
   expression will include the SignBox Prefix.

   The Spatial Symbols is zero or more symbol definitions and associated
   coordinates.  The Spatial Symbols regular expression is used for
   every search.  For both "Q" and "QT", it is the only symbol matching
   used.  When searching for specific symbols and ranges, the general
   Spatial Symbols definition will sandwich the specific search
   definitions.

   Searching for number ranges with regular expressions requires a
   unique technique.  This technique requires five steps.

   Find a number between 122 and 455

   1) 10's don't match and the min 1's are not zero ( last number to 9):

      Match 12[2-9]

   2) Bring up the 10's if hundreds are different:  Match 1[3-9][0-9]

   3) Bring up the 100's if different:  Match [2-3][0-9][0-9]

   4) Bring up the 10's:  Match 4[0-4][0-9]

   5) Bring up the 1's:  Match 45[0-5]

   Final Match (12[2-9]|1[3-9][0-9]|[2-3][0-9][0-9]|4[0-4][0-9]|45[0-5])

   For the styling string regular expression, see Section 2.2.

3.  Browser Integration

   Formal SignWriting has been specifically designed to integrate with
   standard browser technology.  Four main components make this
   integration possible: 1) Font Technology, 2) Scalar Vector Graphics,
   3) HTML and CSS, and 4) a JavaScript Library.

3.1.  Font Technology

   The Sutton SignWriting Fonts are available as source SVG and as two
   TrueType Font files.

        Sutton SignWriting Fonts
        Copyright (c) 1974-2016, Center for Sutton Movement Writing, inc
        Licensed under the SIL Open Font License v1.1

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3.1.1.  Installing the TrueType Fonts

   The Sutton SignWriting TrueType fonts are available for download and
   installation.  The fonts have been tailored for the Sutton
   SignWriting JavaScript library.  Please ignore warning and unusual
   font previews during installation as these will not affect the fonts
   utility.

   Installing the fonts using the instructions below is not required,
   but it will improve the user experience.  If the fonts are not
   installed on the system, CSS declarations will install the fonts in
   the browser cache.

3.1.1.1.  Windows, Linux, and Mac

   Installation is straight forward for Windows, Linux and Mac. Simply
   download the 2 TrueType fonts and install as usual.

      Sutton SignWriting TrueType Font [SuttonSignWritingFont]

      Sutton SignWriting Fill TrueType Font [SuttonSignWritingFontFill]

3.1.1.2.  iOS

   Installation is possible on iOS with a configuration profile that
   includes the 2 TrueType fonts.  Simply download the configuration
   profile and install.

      Sutton SignWriting Configuration Profile
      [SuttonSignWritingProfile]

3.1.1.3.  Android

   Android can not install the fonts directly onto the system.  The CSS
   declarations below will install the fonts in the browser cache.

3.1.2.  Using the Fonts without Installation

   The TrueType Fonts can be used without installing the fonts on any
   platform by defining two font-face statements.  Simply include the
   following CSS in any HTML page to access the fonts.  Make sure to
   replace the URLs with the fully qualified links for both fonts.

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   @font-face {
     font-family: "SuttonSignWriting";
     src:
       local('SuttonSignWriting'),
       url('https://.../SuttonSignWriting.ttf') format('truetype');
   }
   @font-face {
     font-family: "SuttonSignWritingFill";
     src:
       local('SuttonSignWritingFill'),
       url('https://.../SuttonSignWritingFill.ttf') format('truetype');
   }

   If the fonts are installed, then the system fonts will be used.  If
   the fonts are not installed when a SignWriting Font page is opened,
   the CSS will cause the fonts to be automatically downloaded to the
   browser's cache on the first visit.  Once the fonts are installed in
   the browser cache, they will remain there until the browser cache is
   emptied.  Any webside that uses this CSS can access the browser
   installed font without requesting a new copy.  The fonts are 10 MB,
   so the first install make take a few seconds or longer depending on
   your download speed and processor.

3.2.  Scalar Vector Graphics

   Sutton SignWriting is a 2-dimensional script.  The sign images are
   composed using Scalar Vector Graphic (SVG).

3.2.1.  Font Based SVG

   The conversion of Formal SignWriting to Scalar Vector Graphics
   requires three parts: header, text, and symbols.  Consider the FSW
   string
   "M518x533S1870a489x515S18701482x490S20500508x496S2e734500x468".

3.2.1.1.  SVG Header

   The header section contains the SVG definition along with the width,
   height, and viewbox.  The viewbox is a combination of the minimum X,
   minimum Y, width, and height.

   Minimum X:  482

   Maximum X:  518

   Width:  36

   Minimum Y:  468

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   Maximum Y:  533

   Height:  65

   <svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
     width="36" height="65" viewBox="482 468 36 65">

   If the width and height properties are not included, then the
   resulting SVG will automatically expand in size to fill the
   containing element on the screen.

   <svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
     viewBox="482 468 36 65">

3.2.1.2.  SVG Text

   The SVG text section is included to make it possible to copy and
   paste Formal SignWriting strings.  The font-size is set to zero to
   make the text invisible.

   <text style="font-size:0%;">
   M518x533S1870a489x515S18701482x490S20500508x496S2e734500x468
   </text>

3.2.1.3.  SVG Symbols

   Each symbol in the signbox is a combination of the symbol key and the
   positioning coordinate.

   Symbol 1:  S1870a 489x515

   Symbol 2:  S18701 482x490

   Symbol 3:  S20500 508x496

   Symbol 4:  S2e734 500x468

   Each spatial symbol is written as an SVG group and positioned by the
   transformation translate.

     <g transform="translate(489,515)">...</g>
     <g transform="translate(482,490)">...</g>
     <g transform="translate(508,496)">...</g>
     <g transform="translate(500,468)">...</g>

   Inside of each group, 2 text elements are written.  The symbol fill
   is written first using the SuttonSignWritingFill font with a plane 16
   character.  The symbol line is written second using the

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   SuttonSignWriting font with a plane 4 character.  See Section 4.3 for
   the formula to convert symbol keys to codepoints.

<text class="sym-fill"
 style="font-family:'SuttonSignWritingFill';font-size:30px;fill:white;">
 {plane 16 codepoint}
</text>
<text class="sym-line"
 style="font-family:'SuttonSignWriting';font-size:30px;fill:black;">
 {plane 4 codepoint}
</text>

3.2.2.  Stand Alone SVG

   It is possible to request completed SVG images from the SignWriting
   Server [SignWritingServer].  The SVG images created by the
   SignWriting Server are stand-alone graphics that do not use the
   TrueType Fonts.  The SVG images use path elements to define the
   symbol lines and curves.

   The SVG header and SVG text for the server-side images are the same
   as the standard FSW to SVG transformation.  See Section 3.2.1

   The SVG symbols section is structured differently.  Multiple SVG
   elements are contained within each sign SVG image.  Each sub-SVG
   element uses X and Y coordinates to place each symbol.  Consider the
   FSW string
   "M518x533S1870a489x515S18701482x490S20500508x496S2e734500x468".

   Symbol 1:  S1870a 489x515

   Symbol 2:  S18701 482x490

   Symbol 3:  S20500 508x496

   Symbol 4:  S2e734 500x468

   <svg x="489" y="515">...</svg>
   <svg x="482" y="490">...</svg>
   <svg x="508" y="496">...</svg>
   <svg x="500" y="468">...</svg>

   Inside of each sub-SVG element is a group (g) element with one or two
   path elements.  This inside information can only be requested from
   the SignWriting Server or some other source of the symbol image data.

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     <g transform="translate(0.146473559361,17.7697467366) ... ">
       <path class="sym-fill" fill="white" d="M700 1493 ... "/>
       <path class="sym-line" fill="black" d="M1826 1480 ... "/>
     </g>

3.3.  HTML and CSS

   Basic HTML structures and CSS rules can be used with Sutton
   SignWriting for customization and layout.

3.3.1.  Centering and Sizing

   It is possible to center a symbol or sign within a div with a few CSS
   rules.  The symbol or sign will automatically shrink in size if the
   containing div is smaller than the SVG image.  Additionally, if the
   SVG is created with the zoom level of extendable (styling string
   "-Zx"), the symbol or sign will grow in size to fill as much of the
   containing div as possible.

   <div class="centered">
     <svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" ...
   </div>

   div.centered {
     position: relative;
     width: 10%;
     height: 10%;
     border: 1px solid black;
   }

   div.centered svg {
     position: absolute;
     display: block;
     top:2.5%;
     bottom: 2.5%;
     left: 2.5%;
     right: 2.5%;
     margin: auto;
     max-width: 95%;
     max-height: 95%;
   }

3.3.2.  Coloring Symbols and Signs

   Individual signs can be colored with CSS rules.  The individual
   classes of 'sym-line' and 'sym-fill' can be used to isolate each part
   of a symbol, both positive and negative spaces, or the classes can be

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   ignored to create the shadow of a symbol that includes both aspects
   of a symbol.

   <svg class="primary" ...
   <svg class="success" ...
   <svg class="info" ...
   <svg class="warning" ...
   <svg class="danger" ...
   <svg class="shadow" ...
   <svg class="inverse" ...

   svg.primary g text.sym-line { fill: #337ab7 !important; }
   svg.success g text.sym-line { fill: #5cb85c !important; }
   svg.info g text.sym-line { fill: #5bc0de !important; }
   svg.warning g text.sym-line { fill: #f0ad4e !important; }
   svg.danger g text.sym-line { fill: #d9534f !important; }
   svg.shadow g text { fill: grey !important; }
   svg.inverse g text.sym-line { fill: white !important; }
   svg.inverse g text.sym-fill { fill: black !important; }

3.3.3.  Other Effects

   Other CSS rules can be used for other effect.  Please note that
   transform property does not effect the document flow and should not
   be used for general layout.

   svg.shadowed {
     text-shadow: -1px -1px 1px #fff, 1px 1px 1px #000;
   }
   svg.rotate {
     transform: rotate(0.5turn);
   }
   svg.bigger {
     transform: scale(2);
   }
   svg.skewed {
     transform: skewX(30deg);
   }

3.3.4.  Sentences

   SignWriting is written vertically using the vertical writing mode of
   CSS.  To create the center lane and to visually divide the columns of
   text, several span elements are used.  Each sign is contained in a
   div with a width and height that matches the enclosed sign.  To
   properly align each sign with the center of its lane, the containing
   div will either use "margin-right" or "border-left".  With "border-
   left", the rule must include "solid transparent" after the size.

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<div class="signtext">
 <span class="outside"><span class="middle"><span class="inside">
  <div style="width:42px;height:77px;margin-right:2px;"><svg ...
  <div style="width:38px;height:48px;margin-right:2px;"><svg ...
  <div style="width:25px;height:9px;border-left:7px solid transparent;">

   div.signtext {
     -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr;
     writing-mode: vertical-lr;
     font-size: 0%;
     border-left: 1px solid blue;
     height: 100%;
   }

   span.outside { border-left: 1px solid blue; vertical-align: top; }
   span.middle { vertical-align: bottom; }
   span.inside { border-left: 1px dashed red; }

   div.signtext div {
     writing-mode: horizontal-tb;
     display: inline-block;
     vertical-align: middle;
     padding: 20px;
     box-sizing: content-box;
   }

3.4.  JavaScript Library

   The Sutton SignWriting JavaScript Library leverages the Sutton
   SignWriting Fonts, without additional dependancies.

   The Sutton SignWriting JavaScript Library is part of the Sutton
   SignWriting Project [SuttonSignWritingProject]

             Sutton SignWriting JavaScript Library
             Copyright (c) 2007-2016, Stephen E Slevinski Jr
             Licensed under the MIT License

4.  Unicode Considerations

   Formal SignWriting is ASCII based, so it is compatible with and
   optimized for UTF-8.

   Using the 672 existing characters of the Sutton SignWriting block in
   Unicode 8 along with an additional 17 proposed Unicode characters, it
   is possible to create a pure Unicode string that is isomorphic to the
   Formal SignWriting string.

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4.1.  Existing Characters

   In Unicode version 8, the addition of 672 characters made it possible
   to cover all of the Sutton SignWriting Symbols.  See Section 1.2 and
   Section 4.3

   +----------------------------+--------------------+
   | Description                | Unicode Range      |
   +----------------------------+--------------------+
   | Base Charcters             | U+1D800 to U+1DA8B |
   +----------------------------+--------------------+
   | Fill Modifiers 2 to 6      | U+1DA9B to U+1DA9F |
   +----------------------------+--------------------+
   | Rotation Modifiers 2 to 16 | U+1DAA1 to U+1DAAF |
   +----------------------------+--------------------+

                                 Table 22

   Each symbol key can be rewritten as 3 Unicode characters of a base, a
   fill, and a rotation.  Given a symbol key as variable "key", in
   JavaScript the 3 codepoints can be derived with the following
   statements:

      var base = parseInt(key.substr(1,3),16) + parseInt('1D700',16);

      var fill = parseInt(key.substr(4,1),16) + parseInt('1DA9A',16);

      var rotation = parseInt(key.substr(5,1),16) +
      parseInt('1DAA0',16);

4.2.  New Characters

   The Center for Sutton Movement Writing proposes the addition of 17
   Unicode characters to complete the script encoding and cover
   2-dimensional layout.  Sutton SignWriting is a complex script.  For
   font support, MicroSoft's Universal Shaping Engine will be targeted.
   The Universal Shaping Engine is supported on Windows, OS X and iOS.

   Android and linux do not yet support the Universal Shaping Engine
   design.  Until the complex font can be used on these operating
   system, the SVG text is required for fall-back.  See Section 3.2

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   +---------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
   | Description         | Formal SignWriting | Proposed Unicode   |
   +---------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
   | Fill Modifier 1     | 0                  | U+1DA9A            |
   +---------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
   | Rotation Modifier 1 | 0                  | U+1DAA0            |
   +---------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
   | Numbers             | 0 to 9             | U+1DAB0 to U+1DAB9 |
   +---------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
   | Sequence Marker     | A                  | U+1DABA            |
   +---------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
   | SignBox Markers     | B                  | U+1DABB            |
   +---------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
   | Left Lane Markers   | L                  | U+1DABC            |
   +---------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
   | Middle Lane Markers | M                  | U+1DABD            |
   +---------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
   | Right Lane Markers  | R                  | U+1DABE            |
   +---------------------+--------------------+--------------------+

                                 Table 23

   Fill Modifier 1 and Rotation Modifier 1 are included to fix sorting
   and simplify processing.

   The 10 number characters express the concept of distance, important
   for use with 2-dimensional scripts.

   The 5 structural markers define cohesive units of the script.

4.3.  Sutton SignWriting Symbols

   In order to support Sutton SignWriting, you must support all of the
   Sutton SignWriting Symbols.  This set has been designed as a 16-bit
   coded character set.  Using these derived codepoints makes it easier
   to reference the individual Sutton SignWriting Symbols in a variety
   of ways.  For inside of a font file, an entire Unicode plane can be
   used to reference these symbols.  Inside of the font files, plane 4
   is often used to identify each glyph, but these characters have not
   been officially proposed to Unicode.  Alternately, plane 16 can be
   used, but this creates a font filled with private use area
   characters.  Finally, the glyphs can be added to a font file without
   assigning a unique Unicode codepoint to each, but this results in
   each glyph being given a unique glyph ID that is only meaningful for
   that specific font file.

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   A simple formula transforms a symbol key into a codepoint.  Given a
   symbol key as variable "key", in JavaScript the function is defined
   as:

      var code = ((parseInt(key.slice(1,4),16) - 256) * 96) +
      ((parseInt(key.slice(4,5),16))*16) + parseInt(key.slice(5,6),16) +
      1;

5.  IANA Considerations

   None.

6.  Security Considerations

   None.

7.  References

   [SignWritingServer]
              Slevinski, S., "SignWriting Server",
              <https://signpuddle.net>.

   [SuttonSignWritingFont]
              Slevinski, S., "Sutton SignWriting TypeType Font",
              <https://cdn.rawgit.com/Slevinski/SuttonSignWriting/
              master/assets/SuttonSignWriting.ttf>.

   [SuttonSignWritingFontFill]
              Slevinski, S., "Sutton SignWriting Fill TypeType Font",
              <https://cdn.rawgit.com/Slevinski/SuttonSignWriting/
              master/assets/SuttonSignWritingFill.ttf>.

   [SuttonSignWritingProfile]
              Slevinski, S., "Sutton SignWriting Configuration Profile",
              <https://cdn.rawgit.com/Slevinski/SuttonSignWriting/
              master/assets/SuttonSignWriting.mobileconfig>.

   [SuttonSignWritingProject]
              Slevinski, S., "Sutton SignWriting Project",
              <https://github.com/Slevinski/SuttonSignWriting>.

Author's Address

   Stephen E Slevinski Jr
   Center for Sutton Movement Writing

   Email: slevinski@signwriting.org

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