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YANG Data Model for DetNet Mapping with Network Slice
draft-sw-detnet-network-slice-mapping-yang-01

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This is an older version of an Internet-Draft whose latest revision state is "Expired".
Authors Xueyan Song , Haisheng Wu
Last updated 2023-02-25
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draft-sw-detnet-network-slice-mapping-yang-01
DetNet Working Group                                             X. Song
Internet-Draft                                                     H. Wu
Intended status: Standards Track                               ZTE Corp.
Expires: 29 August 2023                                 25 February 2023

         YANG Data Model for DetNet Mapping with Network Slice
             draft-sw-detnet-network-slice-mapping-yang-01

Abstract

   The convergence of IETF Network Slicing with DetNet achieves adequate
   network resource allocation and reservation to each node along the
   way of DetNet flows for latency-sensitive services.  This document
   introduces the applicability of DetNet to network slice , DetNet
   mapping with Network Slice requirements and YANG data models
   extensions in the context of IP/ MPLS network.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on 29 August 2023.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2023 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/
   license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document.
   Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights
   and restrictions with respect to this document.  Code Components
   extracted from this document must include Revised BSD License text as
   described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are
   provided without warranty as described in the Revised BSD License.

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Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2
   2.  Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
     2.1.  Requirements Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
     2.2.  Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
     2.3.  Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   3.  Applicability of DetNet to Network Slice  . . . . . . . . . .   4
     3.1.  Use Case  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     3.2.  Modes of IETF Network Slice Selection . . . . . . . . . .   5
   4.  Mapping DetNet with Network Slice . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     4.1.  Mapping Requirements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     4.2.  Mapping Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
   5.  YANG Modeling Approach  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
   6.  YANG Data Tree  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     6.1.  Service Mapping Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     6.2.  Service Models  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
   7.  YANG Data Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
     7.1.  Service Mapping Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
     7.2.  Service Models  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
   8.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
   9.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  15
   10. Acknowledgement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  15
   11. References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  15
     11.1.  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  15
     11.2.  Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  16
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  17

1.  Introduction

   Deterministic Networking (DetNet) is a service that can be offered by
   a network to DetNet flows.  As defined in [RFC8655], DetNet flows
   provide deterministic services with guaranteed performance such as
   end-to-end delay and low packet loss rate for unicast or multicast
   data streams.  The adequate network resource allocation and
   reservation are required for DetNet flows.  DetNet assumes that
   DetNet control plane using traditional technologies such as RSVP-TE,
   SR to achieve bandwidth and buffer resources allocation at each
   DetNet node along the path of DetNet flows.  The DetNet data plane
   according to the existing DetNet mechanism makes best effort to
   forward data packets with no network resource reservation and
   occupation guarantee.

   [I-D.ietf-teas-ietf-network-slices] provides the definition of
   network slice in the context of IETF network and discusses the main
   characteristics, necessary components and interfaces for the general
   framework of IETF Network Slice.  An IETF Network Slice delivers a
   service to a customer by meeting connectivity resource requirements

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   and associated network capabilities identified as SLOs and SLEs.  The
   parameters for SLOs include guaranteed minimum bandwidth, guaranteed
   maximum latency, maximum permissible delay variation and Maximum
   Permissible Packet Loss Rate.  In order to support SLOs guarantee for
   slice flows, the network resources need to be partitioned in both
   control plane and data plane.  [I-D.ietf-teas-ns-ip-mpls] provides a
   solution to resolve this problem.  It introduces NRP (Network
   Resource Partition) and NRP policy to construct IETF Network Slice to
   address the requirements of network slicing in packet networks.  To
   realize the adequate network resource allocation at control plane and
   necessary network resource reservation at data plane, the resource
   reservation on each link needs to be NRP aware, e.g., the traditional
   technology such as RSVP-TE used at control plane is not enough, the
   NRP state aware Traffic Engineering (NRP-TE) is needed.

   This document describes the applicability of DetNet to IETF Network
   Slice.  The convergence of DetNet with IETF Network Slice helps the
   deterministic service delivery with adequate network resource
   allocation and reservation on each node along the path of DetNet
   flows.

2.  Conventions

2.1.  Requirements Language

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
   "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP
   14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
   capitals, as shown here.

2.2.  Terminology

   Refer to [RFC8655], [RFC8938] and
   [I-D.ietf-teas-ietf-network-slices], for the key terms used in this
   document.

   The terminology for describing YANG data models is found in
   [RFC7960].

2.3.  Abbreviations

   DetNet: Deterministic Networking

   IETF NS: IETF Network Slice

   MPLS: Multi-Protocol Label Switching

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   NETCONF: Network Configuration Protocol

   NRP: Network Resource Partition

   PREOF: Packet Replication, Elimination, and Ordering Functions

   SDP: Service Demarcation Point

   SLE: Service Level Expectation

   SLO: Service Level Objective

   SSH: transport Secure Shell

   TLS: Transport Layer Security

3.  Applicability of DetNet to Network Slice

3.1.  Use Case

   Refer to [RFC8578] the use case of DetNet applied to Network Slicing
   is described in section 10:

   *  Resource distribution across slices.

   *  Deterministic services within slices.

   The IETF Network Slicing enables a diverse set of applications with
   different SLOs (Service Level Objectives) guarantee to coexist over a
   shared underlay network.  The NRP defined in
   [I-D.ietf-teas-ns-ip-mpls] provides one solution to address SLO
   guarantee problem.  With the use of NRP and NRP policy network
   resource allocation and reservation are achieved at each node in IP/
   MPLS network.  Through the applicability of IETF Network Slice to
   DetNet the sufficient network bandwidth and buffer resources are
   allocated and reserved at each node along the path of the DetNet flow
   to deliver deterministic service.

   The following figure shows an example for the applicability of DetNet
   to Network Slice.

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                            __________    _____
         +-----------+     /          \__/     \    +-----------+
  End A  | +-------+ |    /+-------+  +-------+ \   | +-------+ |   End B
   ------|-|+-----+| |   / |+-----+|  |+-----+|  |  | |+-----+|--------
   UNI-A | ||     || |==|==||     ||==||     ||==|==| ||     || | UNI-B
         | ||DSI-1|| |  |  ||NRP-1||  ||NRP-1||  |  | ||DSI-1|| |
         | |+-----+| |  |  |+-----+|  |+-----+|  /  | |+-----+| |
         | |NRP-1  | |   \ |Pm     |  |Pn     | |   | |NRP-1  | |
         | +-------+ |    \+-------+  +-------+ |   | +-------+ |
                 | PEa       |     \                    |   | PEb       |
         +-----------+     |___IP/MPLS_Network_/    +-----------+
            |                                               |
            |-------DSI over NRP over IP/MPLS tunnel -------|

         Figure 1: DetNet mapping with Network Slice example

   The App-flow user applies for low-latency deterministic service.  The
   packets belonging to the flow are filtered and classified to DetNet-
   specific flows.  The DetNet Service Instance (DSI-1) is terminated at
   end system A and B.  In order to meet the network resource guarantee
   the user of the DetNet-specific flow applies for necessary network
   resources.  The IETF NSC after received the request sends NRP
   profile/policy to the underlying network nodes and the underling PE
   and P nodes make corresponding network resource reservation at the
   right path based on path computation of NRP profile/policy.  In order
   to achieve adequate network resource allocation, the edge routers
   (e.g., PE) should be able to identify a packet belonging to DetNet-
   specific flow and its mapping with the IETF Network Slice instance.
   The DetNet flow should has slice-aware capability to realize
   necessary network resources allocation and reservation on each node
   between the end systems A and B.  At data plane the DetNet nodes
   should support the NRP-ID and NRP-Label field encapsulation.  Then
   the added NRP-ID and NRP-Label fields parsed and processed by each
   node along the path direction of the DetNet flow for the distribution
   of the local NRP strategy and the reservation of network resources.

3.2.  Modes of IETF Network Slice Selection

   This document provides three modes of IETF Network Slice selection
   operations as associated with DetNet follows.  Additional modes may
   be defined in the future.

   *  New IETF Network Slice Binding - A customer may request a DetNet
      service with requirements guarantee, e.g., end-to-end latency,
      latency variation, jitter, etc.  To satisfy the customer's
      requirements on network resource it's recommended to bind DetNet

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      flows with an IETF Network Slice instance.  The YANG model
      described in Section 5 of this document provides the mapping
      between DetNet flows with a new IETF Network Slice.

   *  IETF Network Slice Sharing - A customer may request a DetNet
      service with requirement guarantee where a new IETF Network Slice
      do not need to be created but be shared with other multiple DetNet
      flows.  The mapping YANG model described in Section 5 of this
      document provides the mapping between DetNet flows with an IETF
      Network Slice in use.  No modification of the properties of an
      IETF Network Slice is allowed in this mode.

   *  IETF Network Slice Modification - This mode allows the
      modification of the properties of the existing IETF Network Slice
      (e.g., bandwidth, latency, etc.).

   IETF Network Slice Mapping Template - A policy profile which contains
   network constraints and optimization criteria is used for mapping
   DetNet flows to one/more certain IETF Network Slice instance.

4.  Mapping DetNet with Network Slice

4.1.  Mapping Requirements

   DetNet service is per flow (including app-layer, service-layer and
   forwarding-layer flow), performs traffic processing based on the
   identification for flow/flow aggregation.  Differences in IETF
   Network Slice service are considered in terms of Network Resource
   Partition.  [I-D.ietf-teas-ns-ip-mpls] introduces a mechanism to
   associate Network Resource Partition (NRP) with Slice-Flow Aggregate.
   If DetNet applied to IETF Network Slice, the DetNet-flow/flow
   aggregation is considered as the slice-flow/flow aggregation over the
   underlying NRP.

   Requirements for Network Slice mapping with deterministic networking
   services:

   *  The mapping of deterministic services with underlying network
      slice resources is necessary.  It may include:

      -  Service endpoint mapping between DetNet Edge Node and IETF
         Network Slice SDP.

      -  Access service mapping between DetNet UNI and IETF Network
         Slice AC.

      -  Instance mapping between DetNet-flow/flow aggregations with
         IETF Network Slice.

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   *  The creation request for network slice instance to be bounded with
      one specific deterministic flow/flow aggregation instances should
      be supported.

   *  The sharing of network slice instance for one or more
      deterministic flow/flow aggregation instances SHOULD be supported.

   *  Configurations for a new network slice instance to provide
      necessary underlying resource to deterministic services is
      necessary.

   *  Modification for an existing network slice instance applied to one
      or more DetNet flow SHOULD be supported.

4.2.  Mapping Process

   *  APP-flow packets is instantiated as DetNet service awareness flow.

   *  If there is an existing IETF Network Slice instance which
      satisfies the network resource requirements of the DetNet
      customer.  After check the feasibility of the IETF Network Slice
      instance bound to DetNet flows, request mapping DetNet-flow/flow
      aggregations with IETF Network Slice instance.

   *  If there is no IETF Network Slice available, a new IETF Network
      Slice instance creation is required.

   *  The mapping of DetNet flow with IETF Network Slice is configured
      and stored in management plane.  The mapping policy of DetNet flow
      associated with underlying network resource partition (NRP) is
      programmed to the DetNet or IETF Network Slice Nodes (such as SDP,
      P nodes, etc.) through YANG data models.

   *  In data plane, the DetNet or IETF Network Slice Nodes complete the
      identification of deterministic service flows (such as IP 6-tuple,
      MPLS labels, etc.) and correspond with one specific network slice
      instance , realize the slice awareness of DetNet flow/flow
      aggregation.  Through the network resource occupation of hop-by-
      hop nodes along the path, network resources required by the
      deterministic networking service flow is guaranteed.

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5.  YANG Modeling Approach

   This section provides how the DetNet and IETF Network Slice Service
   mapping parameters are supported using augmentation of the existing
   DetNet service models (i.e., [I-D.ietf-detnet-yang]).  It identifies
   the YANG data models being defined by the IETF to support this
   deployment architecture and specific scenarios relevant for Service
   Providers.

   The below figure shows the modeling approach of the Augmented DetNet
   Model.

             +--------------+        +----------------------+
             |    DetNet    |o-------|                      |
             +--------------+ augment|                      |
                                     |                      |
             +--------------+        |Augmented DetNet Model|
             | DetNet & NS  |------->|                      |
             | Mapping Types| import |                      |
             +--------------+        |                      |
                                     +----------------------+

                        Figure 2: Modeling approach

6.  YANG Data Tree

6.1.  Service Mapping Types

    module: ietf-ns-detnet-mapping-types
      +--rw ns-mapping-templates
         +--rw ns-mapping-template* [id]
            +--rw id                  string
            +--rw description?        string
            +--rw map-type?           identityref
                    +--rw ns-slo-ref?
                            ->/ns:slice-template/ns-slo-sle-templates/id

6.2.  Service Models

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module: ietf-ns-detnet-service-mapping
    augment /dnet:detnet:detnet/service:sub-layer
              /service:sub-layer:
      +--rw ns-detnet-mapping
         +--rw ns-mapping
            +--rw map-type?                       identityref
            +--rw ns-id                           string
            +--rw ns-mapping-template-ref?
                    -> /nsdmt:ns-mapping-templates/ns-mapping-template/id
                    {template}?

7.  YANG Data Model

7.1.  Service Mapping Types

   <CODE BEGINS> file "ietf-ns-detnet-mapping-types@2023-02-25.yang"
      module ietf-ns-detnet-mapping-types {
        yang-version 1.1;
        namespace
          "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-ns-detnet-mapping-types";
        prefix nsdmt;

        import ietf-network-slice {
          prefix ietf-ns;
          reference
            "I-D.ietf-teas-ietf-network-slice-nbi-yang-01: A YANG Data Model for the IETF Network Slice";
        }

        organization
          "IETF DetNet Working Group";
        contact
          "WG Web:   <https://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/detnet/>
           WG List:  <mailto:detnet@ietf.org>

           Editor:   Xueyan Song
                     <song.xueyan2@zte.com.cn>
           Editor:   Haisheng Wu
                     <wu.haisheng@zte.com.cn>";
        description
          "This module contains a YANG module for IETF Network Slice & Detnet mapping
           parameters.

           Copyright (c) 2022 IETF Trust and the persons identified as
           authors of the code.  All rights reserved.

           Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or
           without modification, is permitted pursuant to, and subject to
           the license terms contained in, the Revised BSD License set

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           forth in Section 4.c of the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions
           Relating to IETF Documents
           (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info).

           This version of this YANG module is part of RFC XXXX; see the
           RFC itself for full legal notices.";

        revision 2022-03-27 {
          description
            "Initial revision.";
          reference
            "RFC XXXX:  YANG Data Model for DetNet Mapping with Network Slice";
        }

        /*
         * Features
         */

        feature template {
          description
            "Support Network Slice mapping templates.";
        }

        /*
         * Identity for map-type
         */

        identity map-type {
          description
            "Base identity from which specific map types are derived.";
        }

        identity new {
          base map-type;
          description
            "The new Network Slice are binded to the service.";
        }

        identity select {
          base map-type;
          description
            "The Detnet service selects an existing Network Slice with no
             modification.";
        }

        identity modify {
          base map-type;
          description

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            "The Detnet service selects an existing Network Slice and allows to modify
             the properties of the Network Slice (e.g., SLO)";
        }

        identity none {
          base map-type;
          description
            "The Detnet service is not mapped to any underlying Network Slice";
        }

        /*
         * Typedef
         */

        typedef ns-mapping-template-id {
          type string;
          description
            "Identifier for Network Slice mapping template.";
        }

        /*
         * Groupings
         */

        grouping ns-ref {
          description
            "The reference to Network Slice.";

          leaf ns-mapping-slice-id{
                  type int;
                  description
                     "Identifier for a Network Slice.";
               }

          leaf ns-mapping-template-ref {
            if-feature "template";
            type leafref {
              path "/nsdmt:ns-mapping-templates/"
                 + "nsdmt:ns-mapping-template/nsdmt:id";
            }
            description
              "An identifier to the Network Slice Mapping Template where the Network Slice
               constraints and optimization criteria are specified.";
          }
        }

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        grouping ns-mapping {
          description
            "Mapping between Services and network-slice";
          container ns-mapping {
            description
              "Mapping between Services and network-slice";
            leaf map-type {
              type identityref {
                base map-type;
              }
              description
                "Isolation Requirements";
            }
            uses ns-ref;
          }
        }

        //grouping

        container ns-mapping-templates {
          description
            "The network-slice constraints and optimization criteria";
          list ns-mapping-template {
            key "id";
            leaf id {
              type ns-mapping-template-id;
              description
                "Identification of the Template to be used.";
            }
            leaf description {
              type string;
              description
                "Description of the template.";
            }
            leaf map-type {
              type identityref {
                base map-type;
              }
              must "0 = derived-from-or-self(.,'none')" {
                error-message "The map-type must be other than "
                            + "none";
              }
              description
                "Map type for Network Slice creation/
                 selection.";
            }
             leaf ns-slo-ref{
                        type leafref {

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                                    path "/ns:ns-slo-sle-templates/ns-slo-sle-template/id";
                    }

            description
              "List for templates.";
          }
        }
       }
   <CODE ENDS>

7.2.  Service Models

   <CODE BEGINS> file "ietf-ns-detnet-service-mapping@2022-03-27.yang"
      module ietf-ns-detnet-service-mapping {
        yang-version 1.1;
        namespace
          "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-ns-detnet-service-mapping";
        prefix detnet-nssm;

        import ietf-ns-detnet-mapping-types {
          prefix nsdmt;
          reference
            "RFC XXXX:  YANG Data Model for DetNet Mapping with Network Slice";
        }
        import ietf-detnet {
          prefix dnet;
          reference
            "draft-ietf-detnet-yang-16.txt: YANG Data Model for Detnet";
        }

        organization
          "IETF DetNet Working Group";

        contact
          "WG Web:   <https://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/detnet/>
           WG List:  <mailto:detnet@ietf.org>

           Editor:   Xueyan Song
                     <song.xueyan@zte.com.cn>
           Editor:   Haisheng Wu
                     <wu.haisheng@zte.com.cn>";

        description
          "This module contains a YANG module for the mapping of DetNet to the Network Slice.

           Copyright (c) 2022 IETF Trust and the persons identified as
           authors of the code.  All rights reserved.

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           Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or
           without modification, is permitted pursuant to, and subject to
           the license terms contained in, the Revised BSD License set
           forth in Section 4.c of the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions
           Relating to IETF Documents
           (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info).

           This version of this YANG module is part of RFC XXXX; see the
           RFC itself for full legal notices.";

        revision 2022-03-27 {
          description
            "Initial revision.";
          reference
            "RFC XXXX:  YANG Data Model for DetNet Mapping with Network Slice";
        }

        /*
         * Augmentation to Detnet
         */

        augment "/dnet:detnet:detnet/service:sub-layer"
              + "/service:sub-layer" {
          description
            "Detnet augmented to include Network Slice parameters and mapping";
          container ns-detnet-mapping {
            presence "Indicates Detnet service to Network Slice mapping";
            description
              "Container to augment detnet to Network Slice parameters and mapping";
            uses nsdmt:ns-mapping;
          }
        }

        //augment

      }
   <CODE ENDS>

8.  IANA Considerations

   This document requests the IANA to register the following URIs in the
   "IETF XML Registry" [RFC3688].

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         URI: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang: ietf-ns-detnet-mapping-types
         Registrant Contact: The IESG.
         XML: N/A, the requested URI is an XML namespace.

         URI: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-ns-detnet-service-mapping
         Registrant Contact: The IESG.
         XML: N/A, the requested URI is an XML namespace.

   This document requests the IANA to register the following YANG
   modules in the YANG Module Names registry [RFC7950].

        Name: ietf-ns-detnet-mapping-types
        Namespace: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang: ietf-ns-detnet-mapping-types
        Prefix: nsdmt
        Reference: [This.I-D]

        Name: ietf-ns-detnet-service-mapping
        Namespace: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang: ietf-ns-detnet-service-mapping
        Prefix: detnet-nssm
        Reference: [This.I-D]

9.  Security Considerations

   Security considerations for DetNet are covered in the DetNet
   Architecture [RFC8655] and DetNet Security Considerations [RFC9055]

   The YANG data model specified in this document defines a schema for
   mapping of DetNet with IETF Network Slice via NETCONF [RFC6241] or
   RESTCONF [RFC8040].  For NETCONF to support secure transport Secure
   Shell (SSH) [RFC6242] is mandatory.  For RESTCONF to support secure
   transport TLS [RFC8446] is mandatory.

10.  Acknowledgement

   The authors appreciate Peng Shaofu and Liu Aihua for useful
   discussions and motivations for this work.

11.  References

11.1.  Normative References

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   [I-D.ietf-detnet-yang]
              Geng, X., Ryoo, Y., Fedyk, D., Rahman, R., and Z. Li,
              "Deterministic Networking (DetNet) YANG Model", Work in
              Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-detnet-yang-17, 4
              October 2022, <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/
              draft-ietf-detnet-yang-17>.

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

   [RFC3688]  Mealling, M., "The IETF XML Registry", BCP 81, RFC 3688,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC3688, January 2004,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3688>.

   [RFC6241]  Enns, R., Ed., Bjorklund, M., Ed., Schoenwaelder, J., Ed.,
              and A. Bierman, Ed., "Network Configuration Protocol
              (NETCONF)", RFC 6241, DOI 10.17487/RFC6241, June 2011,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6241>.

   [RFC6242]  Wasserman, M., "Using the NETCONF Protocol over Secure
              Shell (SSH)", RFC 6242, DOI 10.17487/RFC6242, June 2011,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6242>.

   [RFC7950]  Bjorklund, M., Ed., "The YANG 1.1 Data Modeling Language",
              RFC 7950, DOI 10.17487/RFC7950, August 2016,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7950>.

   [RFC8040]  Bierman, A., Bjorklund, M., and K. Watsen, "RESTCONF
              Protocol", RFC 8040, DOI 10.17487/RFC8040, January 2017,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8040>.

   [RFC8174]  Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
              2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
              May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.

   [RFC8446]  Rescorla, E., "The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol
              Version 1.3", RFC 8446, DOI 10.17487/RFC8446, August 2018,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8446>.

   [RFC8655]  Finn, N., Thubert, P., Varga, B., and J. Farkas,
              "Deterministic Networking Architecture", RFC 8655,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC8655, October 2019,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8655>.

11.2.  Informative References

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   [I-D.ietf-teas-ietf-network-slices]
              Farrel, A., Drake, J., Rokui, R., Homma, S., Makhijani,
              K., Contreras, L. M., and J. Tantsura, "A Framework for
              IETF Network Slices", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft,
              draft-ietf-teas-ietf-network-slices-19, 21 January 2023,
              <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-teas-
              ietf-network-slices-19>.

   [I-D.ietf-teas-ns-ip-mpls]
              Saad, T., Beeram, V. P., Dong, J., Wen, B., Ceccarelli,
              D., Halpern, J. M., Peng, S., Chen, R., Liu, X.,
              Contreras, L. M., Rokui, R., and L. Jalil, "Realizing
              Network Slices in IP/MPLS Networks", Work in Progress,
              Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-teas-ns-ip-mpls-01, 24 October
              2022, <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-
              teas-ns-ip-mpls-01>.

   [RFC7960]  Martin, F., Ed., Lear, E., Ed., Draegen, T., Ed., Zwicky,
              E., Ed., and K. Andersen, Ed., "Interoperability Issues
              between Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting,
              and Conformance (DMARC) and Indirect Email Flows",
              RFC 7960, DOI 10.17487/RFC7960, September 2016,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7960>.

   [RFC8578]  Grossman, E., Ed., "Deterministic Networking Use Cases",
              RFC 8578, DOI 10.17487/RFC8578, May 2019,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8578>.

   [RFC8938]  Varga, B., Ed., Farkas, J., Berger, L., Malis, A., and S.
              Bryant, "Deterministic Networking (DetNet) Data Plane
              Framework", RFC 8938, DOI 10.17487/RFC8938, November 2020,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8938>.

   [RFC9055]  Grossman, E., Ed., Mizrahi, T., and A. Hacker,
              "Deterministic Networking (DetNet) Security
              Considerations", RFC 9055, DOI 10.17487/RFC9055, June
              2021, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9055>.

Authors' Addresses

   Xueyan Song
   ZTE Corp.
   Nanjing
   China
   Phone: +86 25 88013062
   Email: song.xueyan2@zte.com.cn

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   Haisheng Wu
   ZTE Corp.
   Nanjing
   China
   Email: wu.haisheng@zte.com.cn

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