RTP Payload Format for VP9 Video
draft-uberti-payload-vp9-00
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|---|---|---|---|
| Authors | Justin Uberti , Stefan Holmer , Magnus Flodman , Jonathan Lennox | ||
| Last updated | 2014-10-27 | ||
| Replaced by | draft-ietf-payload-vp9 | ||
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draft-uberti-payload-vp9-00
Payload Working Group J. Uberti
Internet-Draft S. Holmer
Intended status: Standards Track M. Flodman
Expires: April 30, 2015 Google
J. Lennox
Vidyo
October 27, 2014
RTP Payload Format for VP9 Video
draft-uberti-payload-vp9-00
Abstract
This memo describes an RTP payload format for the VP9 video codec.
The payload format has wide applicability, as it supports
applications from low bit-rate peer-to-peer usage, to high bit-rate
video conferences. It includes provisions for temporal and spatial
scalability.
Status of This Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute
working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-
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Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
This Internet-Draft will expire on April 30, 2015.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2014 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
(http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
publication of this document. Please review these documents
carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must
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include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
described in the Simplified BSD License.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2. Conventions, Definitions and Acronyms . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
3. Media Format Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
4. Payload Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
4.1. RTP Header Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
4.2. VP9 Payload Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.2.1. Scalability Structure (SS): . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4.2.2. Scalability Structure Update (SU): . . . . . . . . . 9
4.3. VP9 Payload Header . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.4. Frame Fragmentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.5. Examples of VP9 RTP Stream . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
5. Using VP9 with RPSI and SLI Feedback . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
5.1. RPSI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
5.2. SLI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
5.3. Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
6. Layer Intra Request . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
7. Payload Format Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
7.1. Media Type Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
7.2. SDP Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
7.2.1. Mapping of Media Subtype Parameters to SDP . . . . . 16
7.2.2. Offer/Answer Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
8. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
9. Congestion Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
10. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
11. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
1. Introduction
This memo describes an RTP payload specification applicable to the
transmission of video streams encoded using the VP9 video codec
[I-D.grange-vp9-bitstream]. The format described in this document
can be used both in peer-to-peer and video conferencing applications.
TODO: VP9 description. Please see [I-D.grange-vp9-bitstream].
2. Conventions, Definitions and Acronyms
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].
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3. Media Format Description
The VP9 codec can maintain up to eight reference frames, of which up
to three can be referenced or updated by any new frame.
VP9 also allows a reference frame to be resampled and used as a
reference for another frame of a different resolution. This allows
internal resolution changes without requiring the use of keyframes.
These features together enable an encoder to implement various forms
of coarse-grained scalability, including temporal, spatial, and
quality scalability modes, as well as combinations of these, without
the need for explicit spatially scalabile encoding modes.
This payload format specification defines how such scalability modes
can be encoded and communicated. In this payload, three separate
types of layers are defined: temporal, spatial, and quality.
Temporal layers define different frame rates of video; spatial and
quality layers define different, dependent representations of a
single picture. Spatial layers allow a picture to be encoded at
different resolutions, whereas quality layers allow a picture to be
encoded at the same resolution but at different bitrates (and thus
with different amounts of coding error).
Layers are designed (and MUST be encoded) such that if any layer, and
all higher layers, are removed from the bitstream along any of the
three dimensions, the remaining bitstream is still correctly
decodable.
For terminology, this document uses the term "frame" to refer to a
single encoded VP9 image, and "picture" to refer to all the
representations of frames at a single instant in time. A picture
thus can consist of multiple frames, encoding different spatial and/
or quality layers.
[Editor's Note: Are separate spatial and quality layers necessary and
useful? We could simplify by only defining a single sequence of
frames within a picture.
Two modes of describing layer information are possible: "non-flexible
mode" and "flexible mode". An encoder can freely switch between the
two as appropriate.
In non-flexible mode, an SS message, which defines the layer
hierarchy, is sent in the beginning of the stream together with the
key frame. Each packet will have a picture id and reference indices,
which in conjunction with the SS and the RTP sequence number can be
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used to determine if the packet is decodable or not. An SU message
can be sent by the sending client, or an MCU, to notify the receiver
about what subset of the SS it will actually be receiving.
In the flexible mode each packet contains 1-4 reference indices,
which identifies all frames referenced by the frame transmitted in
the current packet. This enables a receiver to identify if a frame
is decodable or not and helps it understand the layer structure so
that it can drop packets as it sees fit. Since this is signaled in
each packet it makes it possible to have more flexible layer
hierarchies and patterns which are changing dynamically.
4. Payload Format
This section describes how the encoded VP9 bitstream is encapsulated
in RTP. To handle network losses usage of RTP/AVPF [RFC4585] is
RECOMMENDED. All integer fields in the specifications are encoded as
unsigned integers in network octet order.
4.1. RTP Header Usage
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The general RTP payload format for VP9 is depicted below.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|V=2|P|X| CC |M| PT | sequence number |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| timestamp |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| synchronization source (SSRC) identifier |
+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+
| contributing source (CSRC) identifiers |
| .... |
+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+
| VP9 payload descriptor (integer #bytes) |
: :
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| : VP9 pyld hdr | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| |
+ |
: Bytes 2..N of VP9 payload :
| |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| : OPTIONAL RTP padding |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
The VP9 payload descriptor and VP9 payload header will be described
in the next section. OPTIONAL RTP padding MUST NOT be included
unless the P bit is set.
Figure 1
Marker bit (M): MUST be set for the final packet of each encoded
frame. This enables a decoder to finish decoding the frame, where
it otherwise may need to wait for the next packet to explicitly
know that the frame is complete. Note that, if spatial or quality
scalability is in use, more frames from the same picture may
follow; see the description of the E bit below.
Timestamp: The RTP timestamp indicates the time when the frame was
sampled, at a clock rate of 90 kHz. If a picture is encoded with
multiple frames, all of the frames of the picture have the same
timestamp.
Sequence number: The sequence numbers are monotonically increasing
in order of the encoded bitstream.
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The remaining RTP header fields are used as specified in
[RFC3550].
4.2. VP9 Payload Description
The first octets after the RTP header are the VP9 payload descriptor,
with the following structure.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|I|L|F|B|E|V|U|-| (REQUIRED)
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
I: |M|PICTURE ID | (RECOMMENDED)
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
M: | EXTENDED PID | (RECOMMENDED)
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
L: | T | S | Q | R | (CONDITIONALLY RECOMMENDED)
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ -\
F: | PID |X| RS| RQ| (OPTIONAL) .
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ . - R times
X: | EXTENDED PID | (OPTIONAL) .
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ -/
V: | SS |
| .. |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
U: | SU |
| .. |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 2
I: PictureID present. When set to one, the OPTIONAL PictureID MUST
be present after the mandatory first octet and specified as below.
Otherwise, PictureID MUST NOT be present.
L: Layer indices present. When set to one, the octets following the
first octet and the extended Picture ID (if present) are as
described by "Layer indices" below.
F: Reference indices present. When set to one, the octets following
the first octet and the extended Picture ID (if present) are as
described by "Reference indices" below. This MUST only be set if
L is also 1; if L is 0 then this MUST be set to zero and ignored
by receivers.
B: Start of VP9 frame. MUST be set to 1 if the first payload octet
of the RTP packet is the beginning of a new VP9 frame, and MUST
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NOT be 1 otherwise. Note that this frame might not be the first
frame of the picture.
E: End of picture. MUST be set to 1 for the final RTP packet of a
VP9 picture, and 0 otherwise. Unless spatial or quality
scalability is in use for this picture, this will have the same
value as the marker bit in the RTP header.
V: Scalability Structure (SS) present. When set to one, the OPTIONAL
Scalability Structure MUST be present in the payload descriptor.
Otherwise, the Scalability Structure MUST NOT be present.
U: Scalability Structure Update (SU) present. When set to one, the
OPTIONAL Scalability Structure Update MUST be present in the
payload descriptor. Otherwise, the Scalability Structure Update
MUST NOT be present.
-: Bit reserved for future use. MUST be set to zero and MUST be
ignored by the receiver.
After the extension bit field follow the extension data fields that
are enabled.
M: The most significant bit of the first octet is an extension flag.
The field MUST be present if the I bit is equal to one. If set
the PictureID field MUST contain 16 bits else it MUST contain 8
bits including this MSB, see PictureID.
PictureID: 8 or 16 bits including the M bit. This is a running
index of the frames. The field MUST be present if the I bit is
equal to one. The 7 following bits carry (parts of) the
PictureID. If the extension flag is one, the PictureID continues
in the next octet forming a 15 bit index, where the 8 bits in the
second octet are the least significant bits of the PictureID. If
the extension flag is zero, there is no extension, and the
PictureID is the 7 remaining bits of the first (and only) octet.
The sender may choose 7 or 15 bits index. The PictureID SHOULD
start on a random number, and MUST wrap after reaching the maximum
ID. The receiver MUST NOT assume that the number of bits in
PictureID stay the same through the session.
Layer indices: This byte is optional, but recommended whenever
encoding with layers. T, S and Q are 2-bit indices for temporal,
spatial, and quality layers, respectively. S and Q start at zero
for each picture, and increment consecutively (with Q incrementing
before S). These can help MCUs measure bitrates per layer and can
help them make a quick decision on whether to relay a packet or
not. They can also help receivers determine what layers they are
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currently decoding. If "F" is set in the initial octet, R is 2
bits representing the number of reference fields this frame refers
to. R MAY be zero, indicating a keyframe. The layer indices
field will be followed by R reference indices. If "F" is not set,
R MUST be set to zero and ignored by receivers.
Reference indices: These bytes are optional, but recommended when
encoding with layers in the flexible mode. They are also
recommended in the non-flexible mode when sending frames which are
out of sync with the pattern signaled with the SS, for instance
when encoding a layer synchronization frame in response to a LIR.
PID: The relative Picture ID referred to by this frame. I.e.,
PID=3 on a packet containing the frame with Picture ID 112
means that the frame refers back to the frame with picture ID
109. This calculation is done modulo the size of the Picture
ID field, i.e. either 7 or 15 bits. For most layer structures
a 3-bit relative Picture ID will be enough; however, the X bit
can be used to refer to pictures with Picture IDs more than 7
previously.
RS and RQ: The spatial and quality layer IDs of the frame
referred to by this frame, in the picture identified by the
relative Picture ID.
X: 1 if this layer index has an extended relative Picture ID.
These 1-2 bytes are repeated R times, defined by the two R bits in
the layer indices field.
4.2.1. Scalability Structure (SS):
The Scalability Structure data describes the pattern of scalable
frames that will be used in a scalable stream. If the VP9 payload
header's "V" bit is set, the scalability structure (SS) is present in
the position indicated in Figure 2.
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
V: | PATTERN LENGTH|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ -\
| T | S | Q | R | (OPTIONAL) .
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ -\ .
| PID |X| RS| RQ| (OPTIONAL) . . - PAT. LEN. times
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ . - R times .
X: | EXTENDED PID | (OPTIONAL) . .
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ -/ -/
Figure 3
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The scalability structure allows the structure of the VP9 stream to
be predeclared, rather than indicating it on the fly with every frame
as with the layer indices.
Its structure consists of a sequence of frames, encoded as with the
layer indices. It begins with PATTERN LENGTH, indicating the number
of frames in the pattern; it is then followed by that many instances
of data encoded using the same semantics as the layer indices.
TODO: add frame resolution information.
In a scalable stream sent with a fixed pattern, the scalability
structure SHOULD be included in the first packet of every keyframe
picture, and also in the first packet of the first picture in which
the scalability structure changes. If a SS is included in a picture
with TID not equal to 0, it MUST also be repeated in the first packet
the first frame with a lower TID, until TID equals 0.
If PATTERN LENGTH is 0, it indicates that no fixed scalability
information is present going forward in the bitstream. An SS with a
PATTERN LENGTH of 0 allows a bitstream to be changed from non-
flexible to flexible mode.
4.2.2. Scalability Structure Update (SU):
TODO
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4.3. VP9 Payload Header
TODO: need to describe VP9 payload header.
4.4. Frame Fragmentation
VP9 frames are fragmented into packets, in RTP sequence number order,
beginning with a packet with the B bit set, and ending with a packet
with the RTP marker bit set. There is no mechanism for finer-grained
access to parts of a VP9 frame.
4.5. Examples of VP9 RTP Stream
TODO
5. Using VP9 with RPSI and SLI Feedback
The VP9 payload descriptor defined in Section 4.2 above contains an
optional PictureID parameter. One use of this parameter is included
to enable use of reference picture selection index (RPSI) and slice
loss indication (SLI), both defined in [RFC4585].
5.1. RPSI
TODO: Update to indicate which frame within the picture.
The reference picture selection index is a payload-specific feedback
message defined within the RTCP-based feedback format. The RPSI
message is generated by a receiver and can be used in two ways.
Either it can signal a preferred reference picture when a loss has
been detected by the decoder -- preferably then a reference that the
decoder knows is perfect -- or, it can be used as positive feedback
information to acknowledge correct decoding of certain reference
pictures. The positive feedback method is useful for VP9 used as
unicast. The use of RPSI for VP9 is preferably combined with a
special update pattern of the codec's two special reference frames --
the golden frame and the altref frame -- in which they are updated in
an alternating leapfrog fashion. When a receiver has received and
correctly decoded a golden or altref frame, and that frame had a
PictureID in the payload descriptor, the receiver can acknowledge
this simply by sending an RPSI message back to the sender. The
message body (i.e., the "native RPSI bit string" in [RFC4585]) is
simply the PictureID of the received frame.
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5.2. SLI
TODO: Update to indicate which frame within the picture.
The slice loss indication is another payload-specific feedback
message defined within the RTCP-based feedback format. The SLI
message is generated by the receiver when a loss or corruption is
detected in a frame. The format of the SLI message is as follows
[RFC4585]:
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| First | Number | PictureID |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 4
Here, First is the macroblock address (in scan order) of the first
lost block and Number is the number of lost blocks. PictureID is the
six least significant bits of the codec-specific picture identifier
in which the loss or corruption has occurred. For VP9, this codec-
specific identifier is naturally the PictureID of the current frame,
as read from the payload descriptor. If the payload descriptor of
the current frame does not have a PictureID, the receiver MAY send
the last received PictureID+1 in the SLI message. The receiver MAY
set the First parameter to 0, and the Number parameter to the total
number of macroblocks per frame, even though only parts of the frame
is corrupted. When the sender receives an SLI message, it can make
use of the knowledge from the latest received RPSI message. Knowing
that the last golden or altref frame was successfully received, it
can encode the next frame with reference to that established
reference.
5.3. Example
TODO: this example is copied from the VP8 payload format
specification, and has not been updated for VP9. It may be
incorrect.
The use of RPSI and SLI is best illustrated in an example. In this
example, the encoder may not update the altref frame until the last
sent golden frame has been acknowledged with an RPSI message. If an
update is not received within some time, a new golden frame update is
sent instead. Once the new golden frame is established and
acknowledged, the same rule applies when updating the altref frame.
+-------+-------------------+-------------------------+-------------+
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| Event | Sender | Receiver | Established |
| | | | reference |
+-------+-------------------+-------------------------+-------------+
| 1000 | Send golden frame | | |
| | PictureID = 0 | | |
| | | | |
| | | Receive and decode | |
| | | golden frame | |
| | | | |
| 1001 | | Send RPSI(0) | |
| | | | |
| 1002 | Receive RPSI(0) | | golden |
| | | | |
| ... | (sending regular | | |
| | frames) | | |
| | | | |
| 1100 | Send altref frame | | |
| | PictureID = 100 | | |
| | | | |
| | | Altref corrupted or | golden |
| | | lost | |
| | | | |
| 1101 | | Send SLI(100) | golden |
| | | | |
| 1102 | Receive SLI(100) | | |
| | | | |
| 1103 | Send frame with | | |
| | reference to | | |
| | golden | | |
| | | | |
| | | Receive and decode | golden |
| | | frame (decoder state | |
| | | restored) | |
| | | | |
| ... | (sending regular | | |
| | frames) | | |
| | | | |
| 1200 | Send altref frame | | |
| | PictureID = 200 | | |
| | | | |
| | | Receive and decode | golden |
| | | altref frame | |
| | | | |
| 1201 | | Send RPSI(200) | |
| | | | |
| 1202 | Receive RPSI(200) | | altref |
| | | | |
| ... | (sending regular | | |
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| | frames) | | |
| | | | |
| 1300 | Send golden frame | | |
| | PictureID = 300 | | |
| | | | |
| | | Receive and decode | altref |
| | | golden frame | |
| | | | |
| 1301 | | Send RPSI(300) | altref |
| | | | |
| 1302 | RPSI lost | | |
| | | | |
| 1400 | Send golden frame | | |
| | PictureID = 400 | | |
| | | | |
| | | Receive and decode | altref |
| | | golden frame | |
| | | | |
| 1401 | | Send RPSI(400) | |
| | | | |
| 1402 | Receive RPSI(400) | | golden |
+-------+-------------------+-------------------------+-------------+
Table 1: Example signaling between sender and receiver
Note that the scheme is robust to loss of the feedback messages. If
the RPSI is lost, the sender will try to update the golden (or
altref) again after a while, without releasing the established
reference. Also, if an SLI is lost, the receiver can keep sending
SLI messages at any interval allowed by the RTCP sending timing
restrictions as specified in [RFC4585], as long as the picture is
corrupted.
6. Layer Intra Request
Editor's Note: The message described in this section is applicable to
other codecs beyond just VP9. In the future it will be likely be
split out into another document.
TODO: details of how this is encoded in RTCP.
A synchronization frame can be requested by sending a LIR, which is
an RTCP feedback message asking the encoder to encode a frame which
makes it possible to upgrade to a higher layer. The LIR message
contains two tuples, {T1,S1,Q1} and {T2,S2,Q2}, where the first tuple
is the currently highest layer the decoder can decode, while the
second tuple is the layer the decoder wants to upgrade to.
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Identification of an upgrade frame can be derived from the reference
IDs of each frame by backtracking the dependency chain until reaching
a point where only decodable frames are being referenced. Therefore
it's recommended both for both the flexible and the non-flexible mode
that, when upgrade frames are being encoded in response to a LIR,
those packets should contain layer indices and the reference fields
so that the decoder or an MCU can make this derivation.
Example:
LIR {1,1,0}, {1,2,1} is sent by an MCU when it is currently relaying
{1,1,0} to a receiver and which wants to upgrade to {1,2,1}. In
response the encoder should encode the next frames in layers {1,1,1}
and {1,2,1} by only referring to frames in {1,1,0}, {1,0,0} or
{0,0,0}.
In the non-flexible mode, periodic upgrade frames can be defined by
the layer structure of the SS, thus periodic upgrade frames can be
automatically identified by the picture ID.
7. Payload Format Parameters
This payload format has two required parameters.
7.1. Media Type Definition
This registration is done using the template defined in [RFC6838] and
following [RFC4855].
Type name: video
Subtype name: VP9
Required parameters:
These parameters MUST be used to signal the capabilities of a
receiver implementation. These parameters MUST NOT be used for
any other purpose.
max-fr: The value of max-fr is an integer indicating the maximum
frame rate in units of frames per second that the decoder is
capable of decoding.
max-fs: The value of max-fs is an integer indicating the maximum
frame size in units of macroblocks that the decoder is capable
of decoding.
The decoder is capable of decoding this frame size as long as
the width and height of the frame in macroblocks are less than
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int(sqrt(max-fs * 8)) - for instance, a max-fs of 1200 (capable
of supporting 640x480 resolution) will support widths and
heights up to 1552 pixels (97 macroblocks).
Optional parameters: none
Encoding considerations:
This media type is framed in RTP and contains binary data; see
Section 4.8 of [RFC6838].
Security considerations: See Section 8 of RFC xxxx.
[RFC Editor: Upon publication as an RFC, please replace "XXXX"
with the number assigned to this document and remove this note.]
Interoperability considerations: None.
Published specification: VP9 bitstream format
[I-D.grange-vp9-bitstream] and RFC XXXX.
[RFC Editor: Upon publication as an RFC, please replace "XXXX"
with the number assigned to this document and remove this note.]
Applications which use this media type:
For example: Video over IP, video conferencing.
Additional information: None.
Person & email address to contact for further information:
TODO [Pick a contact]
Intended usage: COMMON
Restrictions on usage:
This media type depends on RTP framing, and hence is only defined
for transfer via RTP [RFC3550].
Author: TODO [Pick a contact]
Change controller:
IETF Payload Working Group delegated from the IESG.
7.2. SDP Parameters
The receiver MUST ignore any fmtp parameter unspecified in this memo.
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7.2.1. Mapping of Media Subtype Parameters to SDP
The media type video/VP9 string is mapped to fields in the Session
Description Protocol (SDP) [RFC4566] as follows:
o The media name in the "m=" line of SDP MUST be video.
o The encoding name in the "a=rtpmap" line of SDP MUST be VP9 (the
media subtype).
o The clock rate in the "a=rtpmap" line MUST be 90000.
o The parameters "max-fs", and "max-fr", MUST be included in the
"a=fmtp" line of SDP. These parameters are expressed as a media
subtype string, in the form of a semicolon separated list of
parameter=value pairs.
7.2.1.1. Example
An example of media representation in SDP is as follows:
m=video 49170 RTP/AVPF 98
a=rtpmap:98 VP9/90000
a=fmtp:98 max-fr=30; max-fs=3600;
7.2.2. Offer/Answer Considerations
TODO: Update this for VP9
8. Security Considerations
RTP packets using the payload format defined in this specification
are subject to the security considerations discussed in the RTP
specification [RFC3550], and in any applicable RTP profile. The main
security considerations for the RTP packet carrying the RTP payload
format defined within this memo are confidentiality, integrity and
source authenticity. Confidentiality is achieved by encryption of
the RTP payload. Integrity of the RTP packets through suitable
cryptographic integrity protection mechanism. Cryptographic system
may also allow the authentication of the source of the payload. A
suitable security mechanism for this RTP payload format should
provide confidentiality, integrity protection and at least source
authentication capable of determining if an RTP packet is from a
member of the RTP session or not. Note that the appropriate
mechanism to provide security to RTP and payloads following this memo
may vary. It is dependent on the application, the transport, and the
signaling protocol employed. Therefore a single mechanism is not
sufficient, although if suitable the usage of SRTP [RFC3711] is
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recommended. This RTP payload format and its media decoder do not
exhibit any significant non-uniformity in the receiver-side
computational complexity for packet processing, and thus are unlikely
to pose a denial-of-service threat due to the receipt of pathological
data. Nor does the RTP payload format contain any active content.
9. Congestion Control
Congestion control for RTP SHALL be used in accordance with RFC 3550
[RFC3550], and with any applicable RTP profile; e.g., RFC 3551
[RFC3551]. The congestion control mechanism can, in a real-time
encoding scenario, adapt the transmission rate by instructing the
encoder to encode at a certain target rate. Media aware network
elements MAY use the information in the VP9 payload descriptor in
Section 4.2 to identify non-reference frames and discard them in
order to reduce network congestion. Note that discarding of non-
reference frames cannot be done if the stream is encrypted (because
the non-reference marker is encrypted).
10. IANA Considerations
The IANA is requested to register the following values:
- Media type registration as described in Section 7.1.
11. References
[I-D.grange-vp9-bitstream]
Grange, A. and H. Alvestrand, "A VP9 Bitstream Overview",
draft-grange-vp9-bitstream-00 (work in progress), February
2013.
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[RFC3550] Schulzrinne, H., Casner, S., Frederick, R., and V.
Jacobson, "RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time
Applications", STD 64, RFC 3550, July 2003.
[RFC3551] Schulzrinne, H. and S. Casner, "RTP Profile for Audio and
Video Conferences with Minimal Control", STD 65, RFC 3551,
July 2003.
[RFC3711] Baugher, M., McGrew, D., Naslund, M., Carrara, E., and K.
Norrman, "The Secure Real-time Transport Protocol (SRTP)",
RFC 3711, March 2004.
[RFC4566] Handley, M., Jacobson, V., and C. Perkins, "SDP: Session
Description Protocol", RFC 4566, July 2006.
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[RFC4585] Ott, J., Wenger, S., Sato, N., Burmeister, C., and J. Rey,
"Extended RTP Profile for Real-time Transport Control
Protocol (RTCP)-Based Feedback (RTP/AVPF)", RFC 4585, July
2006.
[RFC4855] Casner, S., "Media Type Registration of RTP Payload
Formats", RFC 4855, February 2007.
[RFC6838] Freed, N., Klensin, J., and T. Hansen, "Media Type
Specifications and Registration Procedures", BCP 13, RFC
6838, January 2013.
Authors' Addresses
Justin Uberti
Google, Inc.
747 6th Street South
Kirkland, WA 98033
USA
Email: justin@uberti.name
Stefan Holmer
Google, Inc.
Kungsbron 2
Stockholm 111 22
Sweden
Magnus Flodman
Google, Inc.
Kungsbron 2
Stockholm 111 22
Sweden
Jonathan Lennox
Vidyo, Inc.
433 Hackensack Avenue
Seventh Floor
Hackensack, NJ 07601
US
Email: jonathan@vidyo.com
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