DNSSEC automation
draft-wisser-dnssec-automation-01
The information below is for an old version of the document.
| Document | Type |
This is an older version of an Internet-Draft whose latest revision state is "Replaced".
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|
|---|---|---|---|
| Authors | Ulrich Wisser , Shumon Huque | ||
| Last updated | 2021-02-22 | ||
| Replaced by | draft-ietf-dnsop-dnssec-automation | ||
| RFC stream | (None) | ||
| Formats | |||
| Stream | Stream state | (No stream defined) | |
| Consensus boilerplate | Unknown | ||
| RFC Editor Note | (None) | ||
| IESG | IESG state | I-D Exists | |
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draft-wisser-dnssec-automation-01
Domain Name System Operations (dnsop) U. Wisser
Internet-Draft The Swedish Internet Foundation
Intended status: Standards Track S. Huque
Expires: 25 August 2021 Salesforce
21 February 2021
DNSSEC automation
draft-wisser-dnssec-automation-01
Abstract
This document describes an algorithm and a protocol to automate
DNSSEC multi-signer [RFC8901] "Multi-Signer DNSSEC Models" setup,
operations and decomissioning. It primarily deals with Model 2 of
the Multi-Signer specification, where each operator has their own
distinct KSK and ZSK sets (or CSK sets). It makes use of [RFC8078]
"Managing DS Records from the Parent via CDS/CDNSKEY" and [RFC7477]
"Child-to-Parent Synchronization in DNS" to accomplish this.
Status of This Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
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This Internet-Draft will expire on 25 August 2021.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2021 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
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This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/
license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document.
Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.1. Out-Of-Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2. Notation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.3. Requirements Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Use Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.1. Running a multi-signer setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.2. Secure change of name server operator . . . . . . . . . . 3
3. Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3.1. Setting up a new multi-signer group . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.2. Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.3. A new signer joins the multi-signer group . . . . . . . . 4
3.3.1. Prerequisites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.3.2. Steps for joining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.4. A signer leaves the multi-signer group . . . . . . . . . 5
4. Automation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.1. Centralized . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.2. Decentralized . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
5. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
6. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
7. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
8. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
9. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1. Introduction
[RFC8901] describes the necessary steps and API for a multi-signer
DNSSEC configuration. In this document we will combine [RFC8901]
with [RFC8078] and [RFC7477] to define a fully automatable algorithm
for setting up, operating and decomissioning of a multi-signer DNSSEC
configuration.
One of the special cases of multi-signer DNSSEC is actually the
secure change of DNS operator.
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1.1. Out-Of-Scope
In order for any multi-signer group to give consistent answers across
all nameservers, the data contents of the zone also have to be
synchronized (in addition to infrastructure records like NS, DNSKEY,
CDS etc). This content synchronization is out-of-scope for this
document.
1.2. Notation
Short definitions of expressions used in this document
signer An entity signing a zone
multi-signer group A group of signers that sign the same zone
1.3. Requirements Language
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].
2. Use Cases
2.1. Running a multi-signer setup
As described in [RFC8901] a multi-signer DNSSEC configuration has
some challenges that can be overcome with the right infrastructure
and following a number of steps for setup and operation.
In this document we describe how all of the steps in the multi-signer
DNSSEC setup can be automated. That is, all except the initial trust
between involved signers.
2.2. Secure change of name server operator
Changing the name server operator of a DNSSEC signed zone can be
quite a challenge. Currently the most common method is temporarily
"going insecure". This is a bad choice for security, and a bad
choice for users relying on the security of the zone.
Changing name server operators can be considered to be a transient
special case of multi-signer DNSSEC operations. A new operator joins
the old operator in a temporary multi-signer setup. Once that is
completed, the old operator leaves the multi-signer setup.
3. Algorithm
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3.1. Setting up a new multi-signer group
The zone is already authoritatively served by one DNS operator and is
DNSSEC signed. For full automation both the KSK and ZSK or CSK must
be online.
This would be a special case, a multi-signer group with only one
signer.
3.2. Configuration
The following configuration has to be made for any signer of the
multi-signer group before joining the group. These steps are not
automated by this draft.
1. The signers own keys (the keys the signer has the private part
of)
2. The NS records in the zone
3. An established trust to the multi-signer group
3.3. A new signer joins the multi-signer group
3.3.1. Prerequisites
The new signer
1. has a working setup of the zone, including DNSSEC signing.
2. uses the same algorithm for DNSSEC signing as the multi-signer
group uses.
3.3.2. Steps for joining
1. a new signer joins the group
2. Exchange of keys, after this step all signers must have the
DNSKEY set of all other signers of the group
3. Calculate CDS/CDNSKEY set
4. All signers put the ZSK of all other signers in their DNSKEY
set.
5. All signers publish their CDS/CDNSKEY set
6. Wait for parent to pick up DS updates
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7. Remove CDS/CDNSKEY set from all signers
8. Wait 2 time maximum TTL of DS at parent and DNSKEY at all
children
9. Exchange of NS set, after this step all signers must have the NS
set of all other signers
10. Compile new complete NS set with NS records from all signers
11. Compare to NS set at parent
12. If parent is different, publish CSYNC record with NS and A and
AAAA bit set.
13. Wait for parent to pick up changes
14. Remove CSYNC record from all signers
3.4. A signer leaves the multi-signer group
1. Signal to all other signers to remove the leaving signer's NS
records
2. Compile new complete NS set with NS records from all signers
3. Compare to NS set at parent
4. If parent if different, publish CSYNC record with NS and A and
AAAA bit set.
5. Wait for parent to pick up changes
6. Remove CSYNC record from all signers
7. Wait 2 times TTL of maximum NS TTL from parent and all signers
8. Signal all other signers leaving of multi-signer group
9. Stop answering queries
10. Remaining signers remove ZSK of leaving signer from their DNSKEY
set
11. Remaining signers recalculate DNSKEY set
12. Calculate CDS/CDNSKEY set
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13. All signers put the ZSK of all other signers in their DNSKEY
set.
14. All signers publish their CDS/CDNSKEY set
15. Wait for parent to pick up DS updates
16. Remove CDS/CDNSKEY set from all signers
4. Automation
Automation of the necessary steps described in the last section can
be divided into two main models, centralized and decentralized. Both
have pros and cons and any zone operator should chose wisely.
4.1. Centralized
In a centralized model the zone operator will run software that
executes all steps necessary and controls all signers.
4.2. Decentralized
In the decentralized models all signers will communicate with each
other and execute the necessary steps on their instance only. For
this signers need a specialized protocol to communicate configuration
details that are not part of the zone data.
5. Acknowledgements
6. IANA Considerations
7. Security Considerations
8. Normative References
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.
[RFC7477] Hardaker, W., "Child-to-Parent Synchronization in DNS",
RFC 7477, DOI 10.17487/RFC7477, March 2015,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7477>.
[RFC8078] Gudmundsson, O. and P. Wouters, "Managing DS Records from
the Parent via CDS/CDNSKEY", RFC 8078,
DOI 10.17487/RFC8078, March 2017,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8078>.
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9. Informative References
[RFC8901] Huque, S., Aras, P., Dickinson, J., Vcelak, J., and D.
Blacka, "Multi-Signer DNSSEC Models", RFC 8901,
DOI 10.17487/RFC8901, September 2020,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8901>.
Authors' Addresses
Ulrich Wisser
The Swedish Internet Foundation
Box 92073
SE-12007 Stockholm
Sweden
Email: ulrich@wisser.se
URI: https://www.internetstiftelsen.se
Shumon Huque
Salesforce
415 Mission Street, 3rd Floor
San Francisco, CA 94105
United States of America
Email: shuque@gmail.com
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