ALTO Traffic Engineering Cost Metrics
draft-wu-alto-te-metrics-00
The information below is for an old version of the document.
| Document | Type |
This is an older version of an Internet-Draft whose latest revision state is "Replaced".
|
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Authors | Qin Wu , Young Lee , Dhruv Dhody , Sabine Randriamasy | ||
| Last updated | 2013-10-20 | ||
| Replaced by | draft-ietf-alto-performance-metrics, RFC 9439 | ||
| RFC stream | (None) | ||
| Formats | |||
| Stream | Stream state | (No stream defined) | |
| Consensus boilerplate | Unknown | ||
| RFC Editor Note | (None) | ||
| IESG | IESG state | I-D Exists | |
| Telechat date | (None) | ||
| Responsible AD | (None) | ||
| Send notices to | (None) |
draft-wu-alto-te-metrics-00
ALTO Working Group Q. Wu
Internet-Draft Y. Lee
Intended status: Standards Track D. Dhody
Expires: April 24, 2014 Huawei
S. Randriamasy
Alcatel-Lucent
October 21, 2013
ALTO Traffic Engineering Cost Metrics
draft-wu-alto-te-metrics-00
Abstract
Cost Metric is a basic concept in Application-Layer Traffic
Optimization (ALTO). It is used in both the Cost Map Service and the
Endpoint Cost Service. Future extensions to ALTO may also use Cost
Metric.
Different applications may benefit from different Cost Metrics. For
example, a Resource Consumer may prefer Resource Providers that have
low latency to the Resource Consumer. However the base ALTO protocol
[ALTO] has defined only a single cost metric, i.e., the generic
"routingcost" metric (Sec. 14.2 of ALTO base specification [ALTO]).
In this document, we define XXX Cost Metrics, derived from OSPF-TE
and ISIS-TE, to measure network delay, jitter, packet loss, hop
count, and bandwidth. The metrics defined in this document provide a
relatively comprehensive set of Cost Metrics for ALTO focusing on
traffic engineering. Additional Cost Metrics such as financial cost
metrics may be defined in other documents.
Status of this Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute
working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-
Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.
Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
This Internet-Draft will expire on April 24, 2014.
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Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2013 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
(http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
publication of this document. Please review these documents
carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must
include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
described in the Simplified BSD License.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Conventions used in this document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3. Metric: delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4. Metric: delayjitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5. Metric: pktloss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
6. Cost Metric: hopcount . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
7. Metrics: bandwidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
8. Metric: maxbw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
9. Maximum Reserved Bandwdith: maxreservbw . . . . . . . . . . . 15
10. Metric: unreservbw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
11. Metric: residuebw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
12. Metric: availbw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
13. Metric: utilbw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
14. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
15. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
16. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
16.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
16.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Appendix A. Filtering constraint Extensions . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Appendix B. Contributing Authors Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
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1. Introduction
Cost Metric is a basic concept in Application-Layer Traffic
Optimization (ALTO). It is used in both the Cost Map Service and the
Endpoint Cost Service. In particular, applications may benefit from
knowing network performance measured in several Cost Metrics. For
example, a more delay sensitive application may focus on latency, and
a more bandwidth-sensitive application may focus on available
bandwidth.
In this document, we define X Cost Metrics, extending the base ALTO
protocol [ALTO], which has defined only a single Cost Metric, i.e.,
the generic "routingcost" metric (Sec. 14.2 of ALTO base
specification [ALTO]).
The Cost Metrics that we define in this document focus on traffic
engineering. Additional metrics may be defined in other documents.
In particular, the Cost Metrics that we define in this document can
be gathered from routing systems; [OSPF-TE], [ISIS-TE], [BGP-LS] and
[BGP-PM] define mechanisms that allow an ALTO Server to retrieve and
derive the necessary information to provide the metrics that we
define in this document.
Note that the metrics that the ALTO Server retrieves may be defined
for only links, and hence, the server will need to compose the link
metrics to obtain path metrics used in services such as the Cost Map
Service. In this definition, we define the metrics to be independent
of link or path, considering that future ALTO extensions may define
link-based services, and hence the defined metrics should still be
usable.
One challenge in defining the metrics is that performance metrics
often depend on configuration parameters. For example, the value of
packet loss rate depends on the measurement interval. We handle this
issue [YRY: IMPORTANT TO SOLVE]
The definitions of a set Cost Metrics can allow us to extend the base
protocol (e.g., allowing output and constraints use different Cost
Metrics), but such extensions are not in the scope of this document.
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2. Conventions used in this document
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in RFC2119 [RFC2119].
Syntax specifications shown here use the augmented Backus-Naur Form
(ABNF) as described in [RFC5234], and are specified as in the base
JSON specification [RFC4627].
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3. Metric: delay
Cost Metric name: delay
Metric Description: To specify spatial and temporal aggregated
delay over the specified source and destination. The
spatial aggregation unit is specified in the query context
(e.g., PID to PID, or endhost to endhost); and the temporal
unit is specified as the measurement interval.
Metric Unit: The unit is microseconds.
Metric Value Type:
A single 'JSONNumber' type value containing a non-negative
integer component that may be followed by a fraction part
and/or an exponent part.
Cost Mode: A Cost Mode is encoded as a US-ASCII string.
The string MUST either have the value 'numerical' or 'ordinal'.
Measurement details: YRY: SPECIFY MORE DETAILS.
Example 1:
POST /endpointcost/lookup HTTP/1.1
Host: alto.example.com
Content-Length: TBA
Content-Type: application/alto-endpointcostparams+json
Accept: application/alto-endpointcost+json,application/alto-error+json
{
"cost-type": {"cost-mode" : "numerical",
"cost-metric" : "delay"},
"endpoints" : {
"srcs": [ "ipv4:192.0.2.2" ],
"dsts": [
"ipv4:192.0.2.89",
"ipv4:198.51.100.34",
"ipv4:203.0.113.45"
]
}
}
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Length: TBA
Content-Type: application/alto-endpointcost+json
{
"meta" :{
"cost-type": {"cost-mode" : "numerical",
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"cost-metric" : "delay"
}
},
"endpoint-cost-map" : {
"ipv4:192.0.2.2": {
"ipv4:192.0.2.89" : 10,
"ipv4:198.51.100.34" : 20,
"ipv4:203.0.113.45" : 30,
}
}
}
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4. Metric: delayjitter
Cost Metric name: delayjitter
Metric Description: To specify the average delay variation over
a configurable interval for each source/destination pair
between two endpoints (network locations) in the network.
It could be either end to end jitter or the jitter
associated with a link (linkjitter). The unit is
microseconds.
Cost Metric Value type:
A single 'JSONumber' type value containing an integer
component that may be prefixed with an optional minus
sign, which may be followed by a fraction part and/or
an exponent part.
Purpose: This is intended to be a constraint attribute value
It could be used as a cost metric constraint attribute used
together with cost metric attribute 'routingcost' or on its
own or as a returned cost metric in the response.
Cost mode: A Cost Mode is encoded as a US-ASCII string.
The string MUST either have the value 'numerical' or 'ordinal'.
Measurement timing: Gather and update at the configurable interval
if it is link attribute. See [OSPF-TE] for configurable
interval. The configurable interval for end to end jitter could
be same as link.
Measurement points with Potential Measurement Domain:
The measurement point could be at any endpoint between
source and destination in the network.
Examples:
POST /endpointcost/lookup HTTP/1.1
Host: alto.example.com
Content-Length: TBA
Content-Type: application/alto-endpointcostparams+json
Accept: application/alto-endpointcost+json,application/alto-error+json
{
"cost-type": {"cost-mode" : "numerical",
"cost-metric" : "delayjitter"},
"endpoints" : {
"srcs": [ "ipv4:192.0.2.2" ],
"dsts": [
"ipv4:192.0.2.89",
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"ipv4:198.51.100.34",
"ipv4:203.0.113.45"
]
}
}
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Length: TBA
Content-Type: application/alto-endpointcost+json
{
"meta": {
"cost type": {
"cost-mode": "numerical",
"cost-metric":"delayjitter"
}
},
"endpoint-cost-map": {
"ipv4:192.0.2.2": {
"ipv4:192.0.2.89" : 0
"ipv4:198.51.100.34" : 1
"ipv4:203.0.113.45" : 5
}
}
}
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5. Metric: pktloss
Cost Metric name: pktloss
Metric Description: To specify a percentage of the total traffic
sent over a configurable interval for each
source/destination pair between two endpoints(network
locations) in the network. It could be either end to
end packet loss or the packet loss associated with a link
(linkloss).
Cost Metric Value type:
A single number value containing an integer component that
may be prefixed with an optional minus sign, which may
be followed by a fraction part and/or an exponent part.
Purpose: This is intended to be a constraint attribute value
It could be used as a cost metric constraint attribute used
together with cost metric attribute 'routingcost' or on its
own or as a returned cost metric in the response.
Cost mode: A Cost Mode is encoded as a US-ASCII string.
The string MUST either have the value 'numerical' or 'ordinal'.
Measurement timing: Gather and update at the configurable interval
if it is link attribute. See [OSPF-TE] for configurable
interval. The configurable interval for end to end packet loss
could be same as link.
Measurement points with Potential Measurement Domain:
The measurement point could be at any endpoint between
source and destination in the network.
Examples:
POST /endpointcost/lookup HTTP/1.1
Host: alto.example.com
Content-Length: TBA
Content-Type: application/alto-endpointcostparams+json
Accept: application/alto-endpointcost+json,application/alto-error+json
{
"cost-type": {"cost-mode" : "numerical",
"cost-metric" : "pktloss"},
"endpoints" : {
"srcs": [ "ipv4:192.0.2.2" ],
"dsts": [
"ipv4:192.0.2.89",
"ipv4:198.51.100.34",
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"ipv4:203.0.113.45"
]
}
}
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Length: TBA
Content-Type: application/alto-endpointcost+json
{
"meta": {
"cost type": {
"cost-mode": "numerical",
"cost-metric":"pktloss"}
}
},
"endpoint-cost-map": {
"ipv4:192.0.2.2": {
"ipv4:192.0.2.89" : 0,
"ipv4:198.51.100.34": 1,
"ipv4:203.0.113.45" : 0,
}
}
}
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6. Cost Metric: hopcount
Cost Metric name: hopcount
Metric Description: To specify the number of hops in the path
between the source endpoint and the destination
endpoint.
Editor Note: Need to specify which layer (IP perhaps), details TBD for
multiple-layer aspect.
Cost Metric Value type:
A single 'JSONNumber' type value containing an
integer component that may be prefixed with an
optional minus sign.
Purpose: This is intended to be a constraint attribute value
It could be used as a cost metric constraint attribute used
together with cost metric attribute 'routingcost' or on its
own or as a returned cost metric in the response.
Cost mode: A Cost Mode is encoded as a US-ASCII string.
string MUST either have the value 'numerical' or 'ordinal'.
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7. Metrics: bandwidth
Cost Metric name: bandwidth
Metric Description: To specify Bandwidth over a configurable
interval for each source/destination pair between
two endpoints (network locations)in the network.
It could be either aggregated bandwidth for end to end
path or the bandwidth associated with a link. The units
are bytes per second.
Cost Metric Value type:
A single 'JSONNumber' type value containing an integer
component that may be prefixed with an optional minus
sign, which may be followed by a fraction part and/or
an exponent part.
Purpose: This is intended to be a constraint attribute value
It could be used as a cost metric constraint attribute used
together with cost metric attribute 'routingcost' or on its
own or as a returned cost metric in the response.
Cost mode: A Cost Mode is encoded as a US-ASCII string.
The string MUST either have the value 'numerical' or 'ordinal'.
This is just a definition of the costtype 'bandwidth'.
The use of this cost is always in conjunction with what it
represents, which could be Max Bandwidth (maxbw), Residual
Bandwidth (residuebw) etc.
Examples: (based on Residual Bandwidth (residuebw))
POST /endpointcost/lookup HTTP/1.1
Host: alto.example.com
Content-Length: TBA
Content-Type: application/alto-endpointcostparams+json
Accept: application/alto-endpointcost+json,application/alto-error+json
{
"cost-type": {"cost-mode" : "numerical",
"cost-metric" : "residubw"},
"endpoints" : {
"srcs": [ "ipv4:192.0.2.2" ],
"dsts": [
"ipv4:192.0.2.89",
"ipv4:198.51.100.34",
"ipv4:203.0.113.45"
]
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}
}
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Length: TBA
Content-Type: application/alto-endpointcost+json
{
"meta": {
"cost type": {
"cost-mode": "numerical",
"cost-metric":"residubw"
}
},
"endpoint-cost-map": {
"ipv4:192.0.2.2": {
"ipv4:192.0.2.89" : 0,
"ipv4:198.51.100.34": 2000,
"ipv4:203.0.113.45" : 5000,
}
}
}
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8. Metric: maxbw
A maxbw is gathered using [RFC3630], [RFC3784] or [BGP-LS]. It could
be either maximum bandwidth for end to end path or the bandwidth
associated with a link. It is extended from Bandwidth Cost metric
and defined as:
Object {
BWType max;
[PIDName srcPID;]
[PIDName dstPID;]
[JSONBool state;] //TRUE = not steady for src/dst pair; FALSE = steady;
Bandwidth bw;
}maxbw;
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9. Maximum Reserved Bandwdith: maxreservbw
A maxreservbw is gathered using [RFC3630], [RFC3784] or [BGP-LS]. It
could be either maximum reserved bandwidth for end to end path or the
bandwidth associated with a link. It is extended from Bandwidth Cost
metric and defined as:
Object {
BWType maxreserved;
[PIDName srcPID;]
[PIDName dstPID;]
[JSONBool state;] //TRUE = not steady for src/dst pair; FALSE = steady;
Bandwidth bw;
}maxreservbw;
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10. Metric: unreservbw
A unreservbw is gathered using [RFC3630], [RFC3784] or [BGP-LS]. It
could be either unreserved bandwidth for end to end path or the
bandwidth associated with a link. It is extended from Bandwidth Cost
metric and defined as:
Object {
BWType unreserved;
[PIDName srcPID;]
[PIDName dstPID;]
[JSONBool state;] //TRUE = not steady for src/dst pair; FALSE = steady;
Bandwidth bw<1,8>
}unreservbw;
//This bandwidth is per priority [TBD].
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11. Metric: residuebw
A residuebw is gathered using [OSPF-TE], [ISIS-TE] or [BGP-PM]. It
could be either residual bandwidth for end to end path or the
bandwidth associated with a link. It is extended from Bandwidth Cost
metric and defined as:
Object {
BWType Residue;
[PIDName srcPID;]
[PIDName dstPID;]
[JSONBool state;] //TRUE = not steady for src/dst pair; FALSE = steady;
Bandwidth bw;
}rediduebw;
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12. Metric: availbw
A availbw is gathered using [OSPF-TE], [ISIS-TE] or [BGP-PM]. It
could be either available bandwidth for end to end path or the
bandwidth associated with a link. It is extended from Bandwidth Cost
metric and defined as:
Object {
BWType Available;
[PIDName srcPID;]
[PIDName dstPID;]
[JSONBool state;] //TRUE = not steady for src/dst pair; FALSE = steady;
Bandwidth bw;
}availbw;
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13. Metric: utilbw
A utilbw is gathered using [OSPF-TE], [ISIS-TE] or [BGP-PM]. It
could be either utilized bandwidth for end to end path or the
bandwidth associated with a link. It is extended from Bandwidth Cost
metric and defined as:
Object {
BWType Utilized;
[PIDName srcPID;]
[PIDName dstPID;]
[JSONBool state;] //TRUE = not steady for src/dst pair; FALSE = steady;
Bandwidth bw;
}utilbw;
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14. Security Considerations
The properties defined in this document present no security
considerations beyond those in Section 14 of the base ALTO
specification [ALTO].
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15. IANA Considerations
IANA has added the following entries to the ALTO cost map Properties
registry, defined in Section 3 of [RFCXXX].
+-----------+--------------+------------------------+
| Namespace | Property | Reference |
+-----------+--------------+------------------------+
| | delay | [RFCxxxx], Section 3.1 |
| | jitter | [RFCxxxx], Section 3.2 |
| | pktloss | [RFCxxxx], Section 3.3 |
| | bandwidth | [RFCxxxx], Section 3.4 |
| | hopcount | [RFCxxxx], Section 3.5 |
| | maxbw |[RFCxxxx], Section 3.6 |
| | maxresbw |[RFCxxxx], Section 3.7 |
| | unresdbw |[RFCxxxx], Section 3.8 |
| | residbw |[RFCxxxx], Section 3.9 |
| | availbw |[RFCxxxx], Section 3.10 |
| | utilbw |[RFCxxxx], Section 3.11 |
+-----------+--------------+------------------------+
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16. References
16.1. Normative References
[ALTO] Alimi, R., "ALTO Protocol",
ID draft-ietf-alto-protocol-16, May 2013.
[BGP-LS] Gredler, H., "North-Bound Distribution of Link-State and
TE Information using BGP",
ID draft-ietf-idr-ls-distribution-03, May 2013.
[BGP-PM] Wu, Q., "BGP attribute for North-Bound Distribution of
Traffic Engineering (TE) performance Metrics",
ID draft-wu-idr-te-pm-bgp-02, October 2013.
[ISIS-TE] Giacalone, S., "ISIS Traffic Engineering (TE) Metric
Extensions", ID draft-ietf-isis-te-metric-extensions-01,
October 2013.
[OSPF-TE] Giacalone, S., "OSPF Traffic Engineering (TE) Metric
Extensions", ID draft-ietf-ospf-te-metric-extensions-04,
June 2013.
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", March 1997.
[RFC4627] Crockford, D., "The application/json Media Type for
JavaScript Object Notation (JSON)", RFC 4627, July 2006.
[RFC5234] Crocker, D., "Augmented BNF for Syntax Specifications:
ABNF", RFC 5234, January 2008.
16.2. Informative References
[RFC6390] Clark, A. and B. Claise, "Framework for Performance Metric
Development", RFC 6390, July 2011.
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Appendix A. Filtering constraint Extensions
Section 10.2.2.3 of "ALTO: Application Layer Traffic Optimization
Protocol" [I.D-ietf-alto-protocol] states:
"
object {
CostType cost-type;
[JSONString constraints<0..*>;]
[PIDFilter pids;]
} ReqFilteredCostMap;
object {
PIDName srcs<0..*>;
PIDName dsts<0..*>;
} PIDFilter;
with members:
cost-type The CostType (Section 9.7) for the returned costs. The
cost-metric and cost-mode fields MUST match one of the supported
Cost Types indicated in this resource's capabilities
(Section 10.2.2.4). The ALTO Client SHOULD omit the description
field, and if present, the ALTO Server MUST ignore the description
field.
constraints Defines a list of additional constraints on which
elements of the Cost Map are returned. This parameter MUST NOT be
specified if this resource's capabilities ( Section 10.2.2.4)
indicate that constraint support is not available. A constraint
contains two entities separated by whitespace: (1) an operator,
'gt' for greater than, 'lt' for less than, 'ge' for greater than
or equal to, 'le' for less than or equal to, or 'eq' for equal to;
(2) a target cost value. The cost value is a number that MUST be
defined in the same units as the Cost Metric indicated by the
cost-metric parameter. ALTO Servers SHOULD use at least IEEE 754
double-precision floating point [IEEE.754.2008] to store the cost
value, and SHOULD perform internal computations using double-
precision floating-point arithmetic. If multiple 'constraint'
parameters are specified, they are interpreted as being related to
each other with a logical AND.
"
In the JSON Object of type ReqFilteredCostMap, the constraint
attribute is expressed as:
"
[gt | lt | ge | le | eq ] <value>
"
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In this specification, the constraint attribute is changed to
"
<cost-type2> [gt | lt | ge | le | eq ] <value>
"
Accordingly, the constraints definition is changed to:
"
constraints Defines a list of additional constraints on which
elements of the Cost Map are returned. This parameter MUST NOT be
specified if this resource's capabilities ( Section 10.2.2.4)
indicate that constraint support is not available. A constraint
contains three entities separated by whitespace: (1)an cost type
is by default cost-type in the JSON Object of type ReqFilteredCostMap.
In addition, it could be another cost-type used for the returned cost
(2) an operator, 'gt' for greater than, 'lt' for less than, 'ge' for
greater than or equal to, 'le' for less than or equal to, or 'eq' for
equal to; (3) a target cost value. The cost value is a number that
MUST be defined in the same units as the Cost Metric indicated by the
cost-metric parameter. ALTO Servers SHOULD use at least IEEE 754
double-precision floating point [IEEE.754.2008] to store the cost
value, and SHOULD perform internal computations using double-
precision floating-point arithmetic. If multiple 'constraint'
parameters are specified, they are interpreted as being related to
each other with a logical AND.
"
Editor-Notes: Filtering constraint extension should move to another
document defining multi-metrics filtering in the future.
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Appendix B. Contributing Authors Addresses
Y. Richard Yang
Yale University
51 Prospect St
New Haven CT
USA
Email: yry@cs.yale.edu
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Authors' Addresses
Qin Wu
Huawei
101 Software Avenue, Yuhua District
Nanjing, Jiangsu 210012
China
Email: sunseawq@huawei.com
Young Lee
Huawei
1700 Alma Drive, Suite 500
Plano, TX 75075
USA
Email: leeyoung@huawei.com
Dhruv Dhody
Huawei
Leela Palace
Bangalore, Karnataka 560008
INDIA
Email: dhruv.ietf@gmail.com
Sabine Randriamasy
Alcatel-Lucent
Wu, et al. Expires April 24, 2014 [Page 26]