Network Working Group                                      Bernard Aboba
INTERNET-DRAFT                                     Microsoft Corporation
Category: Proposed Standard                                Jouni Malinen
Expires: December 25, 2007                          Devicescape Software
                                                            26 June 2007


                       RADIUS Attributes for WLAN
                     draft-aboba-radext-wlan-04.txt

   By submitting this Internet-Draft, each author represents that any
   applicable patent or other IPR claims of which he or she is aware
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   This Internet-Draft will expire on December 25, 2007.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2007).  All Rights Reserved.

Abstract

   This document proposes additional attributes for use by wireless LAN
   authenticators.  The attributes defined in this document are usable
   both within RADIUS and Diameter.









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Table of Contents

1.     Introduction ..........................................    3
   1.1       Terminology .....................................    3
   1.2       Requirements Language ...........................    4
2.     RADIUS attributes .....................................    4
   2.1       Allowed-Called-Station-Id .......................    4
   2.2       EAP-Key-Name ....................................    5
   2.3       EAP-Peer-Id .....................................    6
   2.4       EAP-Server-Id ...................................    7
   2.5       Mobility-Domain-Id ..............................    8
   2.6       Preauth-Timeout .................................    8
   2.7       EAP-Lower-Layer .................................    9
3.     Table of attributes ...................................   10
4.     Diameter Considerations ...............................   10
5.     IANA Considerations ...................................   11
6.     Security Considerations ...............................   12
7.     References ............................................   13
  7.1  Normative References ..................................   13
  7.2  Informative References ................................   13
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ..............................................   14
AUTHORS' ADDRESSES ...........................................   14
Full Copyright Statement .....................................   15
Intellectual Property ........................................   15
Disclaimer of Validity .......................................   15


























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1.  Introduction

   In situations where it is desirable to centrally manage
   authentication, authorization and accounting (AAA) for IEEE 802.11
   wireless LANs [IEEE-802.11], deployment of a backend authentication
   and accounting server is desirable.  In such situations, it is
   expected that IEEE 802.11 authenticators will function as AAA
   clients.  This document defines additional attributes suitable for
   usage by IEEE 802.11 authenticators acting as AAA clients.  The
   attributes defined in this document are usable both within RADIUS and
   Diameter.

1.1.  Terminology

This document uses the following terms:

Access Point (AP)
          A Station that provides access to the distribution services
          via the wireless medium for associated Stations.

Association
          The service used to establish Access Point/Station mapping and
          enable Station invocation of the distribution system services.

authenticator
          An authenticator is an entity that require authentication from
          the supplicant.  The authenticator may be connected to the
          supplicant at the other end of a point-to-point LAN segment or
          802.11 wireless link.

authentication server
          An authentication server is an entity that provides an
          authentication service to an authenticator.  This service
          verifies from the credentials provided by the supplicant, the
          claim of identity made by the supplicant.

Station (STA)
          Any device that contains an IEEE 802.11 conformant medium
          access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) interface to the
          wireless medium (WM).

Supplicant
          A supplicant is an entity that is being authenticated by an
          authenticator.  The supplicant may be connected to the
          authenticator at one end of a point-to-point LAN segment or
          802.11 wireless link.





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1.2.  Requirements Language

   In this document, several words are used to signify the requirements
   of the specification.  The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED",
   "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED",  "MAY",
   and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
   [RFC2119].

2.  RADIUS attributes

2.1.  Allowed-Called-Station-Id

   Description

      The Allowed-Called-Station-Id Attribute allows the RADIUS server
      to specify which Called-Station-Ids and SSIDs the user is allowed
      to access.  One or more Allowed-Called-Station-Id attributes MAY
      be included in an Access-Accept or CoA-Request packet.  A summary
      of the Allowed-Called-Station-Id Attribute format is shown below.
      The fields are transmitted from left to right.

       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |     Type      |  Length       |            String...
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Code

      TBD

   Length

      >=3

   String

      The String field is one or more octets, containing the layer 2
      endpoint that the user's call is allowed to be terminated on, as
      specified in the definition of Called-Station-Id in [RFC2865]
      Section 5.30 and [RFC3580] Section 3.20.  In the case of IEEE 802,
      the Allowed-Called-Station-Id Attribute is used to store the
      bridge or Access Point MAC address in ASCII format (upper case
      only), with octet values separated by a "-".  Example:
      "00-10-A4-23-19-C0".  In IEEE 802.11, where restrictions on both
      SSID and Access Point MAC address usage are intended, the SSID
      MUST be appended to the Access Point MAC address, separated from
      the MAC address with a ":".  Example "00-10-A4-23-19-C0:AP1".



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      Where no MAC address restriction is intended, the MAC address
      field MUST be omitted, but the ":" and SSID fields MUST be
      included.  Example ":AP1".

      If the user attempts to connect to the NAS from a Called-Station-
      Id that does not match one of the Allowed-Called-Station-Id
      attributes, then the user MUST NOT be permitted to access the
      network.

      The Allowed-Called-Station-Id Attribute is useful in situations
      where users can connect to a NAS without an Access-Request being
      sent by the NAS to the RADIUS server (e.g.  IEEE 802.11 PMK
      caching), or where pre-authentication may be supported (e.g.  IEEE
      802.11 pre-authentication) so it is possible that the SSID will
      not be included in a Called-Station-Id Attribute within the
      Access-Request.  In these cases, it can be desirable for the
      RADIUS server to provide the NAS with usage restrictions.

2.2.  EAP-Key-Name

   Description

      The EAP-Key-Name Attribute, defined in [RFC4072], contains the EAP
      Session-Id, as described in [KEYFRAME].  Exactly how this
      Attribute is used depends on the link layer in question.

      It should be noted that not all link layers use this name and
      existing EAP method implementations do not generate it.  An EAP-
      Key-Name Attribute MAY be included within Access-Request, Access-
      Accept and CoA-Request packets.  A summary of the EAP-Key-Name
      Attribute format is shown below.  The fields are transmitted from
      left to right.

       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |     Type      |  Length       |          String...
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Code

      102 [RFC4072]

   Length

      >=2

   String



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      The String field, when present, is one or more octets, containing
      the EAP Session-Id, as defined in [KEYFRAME].  Since the NAS
      operates as a pass-through in EAP, it cannot know the EAP Session-
      Id before receiving it from the RADIUS server.  As a result, an
      EAP-Key-Name Attribute sent in an Access-Request MUST NOT contain
      any data.  A RADIUS server receiving an Access-Request with an
      EAP-Key-Name Attribute containing data MUST silently discard the
      Attribute.  In addition, the RADIUS server SHOULD only include
      this Attribute in an Access-Accept or CoA-Request if an EAP-Key-
      Name Attribute was present in the Access-Request.

2.3.  EAP-Peer-Id

   Description

      The EAP-Peer-Id Attribute contains a Peer-Id generated by the EAP
      method.  Exactly how this name is used depends on the link layer
      in question.  See [KEYFRAME] for more discussion.  The EAP-Peer-Id
      Attribute MAY be included in Access-Request, Access-Accept and
      Accounting-Request packets.  More than one EAP-Peer-Id Attribute
      MUST NOT be included in an Access-Request; one or more EAP-Peer-Id
      attributes MAY be included in an Access-Accept.

      It should be noted that not all link layers use this name, and
      existing EAP method implementations do not generate it.  Since the
      NAS operates as a pass-through in EAP, it cannot know the EAP-
      Peer-Id before receiving it from the RADIUS server.  As a result,
      an EAP-Peer-Id Attribute sent in an Access-Request MUST NOT
      contain any data.  A home RADIUS server receiving an Access-
      Request an EAP-Peer-Id Attribute with non-empty data MUST silently
      discard the Attribute.  In addition, the home RADIUS server SHOULD
      include one or more EAP-Peer-Id attributes in an Access-Accept
      only if an empty EAP-Peer-Id Attribute was present in the Access-
      Request.  A summary of the EAP-Peer-Id Attribute format is shown
      below.  The fields are transmitted from left to right.

       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |     Type      |  Length       |            String...
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Code

      TBD

   Length




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      >=2

   String

      The String field, when present, is one or more octets containing a
      EAP Peer-Id exported by the EAP method.  For details, see
      [KEYFRAME] Appendix A.  A robust implementation SHOULD support the
      field as undistinguished octets.

2.4.  EAP-Server-Id

   Description

      The EAP-Server-Id Attribute contains a Server-Id generated by the
      EAP method.  Exactly how this name is used depends on the link
      layer in question.  See [KEYFRAME] for more discussion.  The EAP-
      Server-Id Attribute is only allowed in Access-Request, Access-
      Accept, and Accounting-Request packets.  More than one EAP-Server-
      Id Attribute MUST NOT be included in an Access-Request; one or
      more EAP-Server-Id attributes MAY be included in an Access-Accept.

      It should be noted that not all link layers use this name, and
      existing EAP method implementations do not generate it.  Since the
      NAS operates as a pass-through in EAP, it cannot know the EAP-
      Server-Id before receiving it from the RADIUS server.  As a
      result, an EAP-Server-Id Attribute sent in an Access-Request MUST
      NOT contain any data.  A home RADIUS server receiving in an
      Access-Request an EAP-Server-Id Attribute with non-empty data MUST
      silently discard the Attribute.  In addition, the home RADIUS
      server SHOULD include this Attribute an Access-Accept only if an
      empty EAP-Server-Id Attribute was present in the Access-Request.
      A summary of the EAP-Server-Id Attribute format is shown below.
      The fields are transmitted from left to right.

       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |     Type      |  Length       |            String...
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Code

      TBD

   Length

      >=2




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   String

      The String field, when present, is one or more octets, containing
      the EAP Server-Id exported by the EAP method.  For details, see
      [KEYFRAME] Appendix A.  A robust implementation SHOULD support the
      field as undistinguished octets.

2.5.  Mobility-Domain-Id

   Description

      A single Mobility-Domain-Id Attribute MAY be included in an
      Access-Request or Accounting-Request, in order to enable the NAS
      to provide the RADIUS server with the Mobility Domain Identifier,
      defined in [IEEE-802.11r].  A summary of the Mobility-Domain-Id
      Attribute format is shown below.  The fields are transmitted from
      left to right.

       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |     Type      |  Length       |            String...
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Code

      TBD

   Length

      >=3

   String

      The String field contains one or more octets, encoding a single
      Mobility Domain Identifier as defined in [IEEE-802.11r].  UTF-8
      encoded 10646 characters are recommended, but a robust
      implementation SHOULD support the field as undistinguished octets.

2.6.  Preauth-Timeout

   Description

      This Attribute sets the maximum number of seconds which pre-
      authentication state is kept by the NAS.  This Attribute MAY be
      sent by the server to the NAS in an Access-Accept.  Where both
      Session-Timeout and Preauth-Timeout attributes are present in an
      Access-Accept, the Session-Timeout Attribute refers only to the



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      maximum session time after the station associates with the AP and
      is enabled to send data frames through it.  A summary of the
      Preauth-Timeout Attribute format is shown below.  The fields are
      transmitted from left to right.

       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |     Type      |    Length     |             Value
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
                 Value (cont)         |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Code

      TBD

   Length

      6

   Value

      The field is 4 octets, containing a 32-bit unsigned integer with
      the maximum number of seconds that pre-authentication state should
      be retained by the NAS.

2.7.  EAP-Lower-Layer

   Description

      This Attribute indicates the lower layer over which EAP is
      transported.  This Attribute MAY be sent by the NAS to the server
      in an Access-Request or an Accounting-Request packet.  A summary
      of the EAP-Lower-Layer Attribute format is shown below.  The
      fields are transmitted from left to right.

       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |     Type      |    Length     |             Value
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
                 Value (cont)         |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Code

      TBD



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   Length

      6

   Value

      The field is 4 octets, containing the following values:

      1 -  Wired IEEE 802.1X Version 1 (2001)
      2 -  Wired IEEE 802.1X Version 2 (2004)
      3 -  WPA
      4 -  WPA2 (no pre-authentication)
      5 -  WPA2, IEEE 802.1X pre-authentication
      6 -  IEEE 802.11r
      7 -  IEEE 802.11s
      8 -  IEEE 802.11af
      9 -  IEEE 802.16e
      10 - IKEv2
      11 - PPP
      12 - PANA (no pre-authentication)

3.  Table of attributes

   The following table provides a guide to which attributes may be found
   in which kinds of packets, and in what quantity.

   Access-   Access-  Access-  Access-    CoA- Acct-
   Request   Accept   Reject   Challenge  Req  Req        #    Attribute
   0         0+       0        0          0+    0        TBD  Allowed-Called-Station-Id
   0-1       0-1      0        0          0-1   0        102  EAP-Key-Name
   0+        0+       0        0          0    0+        TBD  EAP-Peer-Id
   0+        0+       0        0          0    0+        TBD  EAP-Server-Id
   0-1       0        0        0          0    0-1       TBD  Mobility-Domain-Id
   0-1       0-1      0        0          0     0        TBD  Preauth-Timeout
   0-1       0        0        0          0    0-1       TBD  EAP-Lower-Layer

   The following table defines the meaning of the above table entries.

     0     This Attribute MUST NOT be present in packet.
     0+    Zero or more instances of this Attribute MAY be
           present in the packet.
     0-1   Zero or one instance of this Attribute MAY be
           present in the packet.

4.  Diameter Considerations

   The EAP-Key-Name Attribute is already defined as a RADIUS Attribute
   within Diameter EAP [RFC4072].



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   When used in Diameter, the other attributes defined in this
   specification can be used as Diameter AVPs from the Code space 1-255
   (RADIUS Attribute compatibility space).  No additional Diameter Code
   values are therefore allocated.  The data types and flag rules for
   the attributes are as follows:

                                  +---------------------+
                                  |    AVP Flag rules   |
                                  |----+-----+----+-----|----+
                                  |    |     |SHLD| MUST|    |
   Attribute Name      Value Type |MUST| MAY | NOT|  NOT|Encr|
   -------------------------------|----+-----+----+-----|----|
   Allowed-Called-                |    |     |    |     |    |
   Station-Id          UTF8String | M  |  P  |    |  V  | Y  |
   EAP-Peer-Id         UTF8String | M  |  P  |    |  V  | Y  |
   EAP-Server-Id       UTF8String | M  |  P  |    |  V  | Y  |
   Mobility-Domain-Id  OctetString|    | P,M |    |  V  | Y  |
   Preauth-Timeout     Unsigned32 | M  |  P  |    |  V  | Y  |
   EAP-Lower-Layer     Unsigned32 | M  |  P  |    |  V  | Y  |
   -------------------------------|----+-----+----+-----|----|

   The attributes in this specification have no special translation
   requirements for Diameter to RADIUS or RADIUS to Diameter gateways;
   they are copied as is, except for changes relating to headers,
   alignment, and padding. See also [RFC 3588] Section 4.1 and [RFC
   4005] Section 9.

   What this specification says about the applicability of the
   attributes for RADIUS Access-Request packets applies in Diameter to
   AA-Request [RFC 4005] or Diameter-EAP-Request [RFC 4072].  What is
   said about Access-Challenge applies in Diameter to AA-Answer [RFC
   4005] or Diameter-EAP-Answer [RFC 4072] with Result-Code AVP set to
   DIAMETER_MULTI_ROUND_AUTH.

   What is said about Access-Accept applies in Diameter to AA-Answer or
   Diameter-EAP-Answer messages that indicate success.  Similarly, what
   is said about RADIUS Access-Reject packets applies in Diameter to AA-
   Answer or Diameter-EAP-Answer messages that indicate failure.

   What is said about COA-Request applies in Diameter to Re-Auth-Request
   [RFC 4005].

   What is said about Accounting-Request applies to Diameter Accounting-
   Request [RFC 4005] as well.







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5.  IANA Considerations

   This document uses the RADIUS [RFC2865] namespace, see
   <http://www.iana.org/assignments/radius-types>.  This specification
   requires assignment of a RADIUS attribute types for the following
   attributes:

   Attribute                     Type
   =========                     ====
   Allowed-Called-Station-Id     TBD
   EAP-Peer-Id                   TBD
   EAP-Server-Id                 TBD
   Mobility-Domain-Id            TBD
   Preauth-Timeout               TBD
   EAP-Lower-Layer               TBD

   This specification allocates the following decimal values for the
   EAP-Lower-Layer Attribute:

   1 -  Wired IEEE 802.1X Version 1 (2001)
   2 -  Wired IEEE 802.1X Version 2 (2004)
   3 -  WPA
   4 -  WPA2 (no pre-authentication)
   5 -  WPA2, IEEE 802.1X pre-authentication
   6 -  IEEE 802.11r
   7 -  IEEE 802.11s
   8 -  IEEE 802.11af
   9 -  IEEE 802.16e
   10 - IKEv2
   11 - PPP
   12 - PANA (no pre-authentication)

   Additional values are allocated as described in [RFC3575] Section 2.1
   (Designated Expert).

6.  Security Considerations

   Since this document describes the use of RADIUS for purposes of
   authentication, authorization, and accounting in WLANs, it is
   vulnerable to all of the threats that are present in other RADIUS
   applications.  For a discussion of these threats, see [RFC2607],
   [RFC2865], [RFC3162], [RFC3576], [RFC3579], and [RFC3580].









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7.  References

7.1.  Normative references

[IEEE-802.11]
          Information technology - Telecommunications and information
          exchange between systems - Local and metropolitan area
          networks - Specific Requirements Part 11:  Wireless LAN Medium
          Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications,
          IEEE Std. 802.11-2007, 2007.

[IEEE-802.11r]
          Draft Amendment to Standard for Information technology -
          Telecommunications and information exchange between systems -
          Local and metropolitan area networks - Specific Requirements
          Part 11:  Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and
          Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications: Amendment 2: Fast BSS
          Transition, IEEE P802.11r/D6.0, June 2007.

[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
          Requirement Levels", RFC 2119, March, 1997.

[RFC2865] Rigney, C., Rubens, A., Simpson, W. and S. Willens, "Remote
          Authentication Dial In User Service (RADIUS)", RFC 2865, June
          2000.

[RFC3575] Aboba, B., "IANA Considerations for RADIUS", RFC 3575, July
          2003.

[RFC3748] Aboba, B., Blunk, L., Vollbrecht, J., Carlson, J. and H.
          Levkowetz, "Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP)", RFC
          3748, June 2004.

[RFC4072] Eronen, P., Hiller, T. and G. Zorn, "Diameter Extensible
          Authentication Protocol (EAP) Application", RFC 4072, August
          2005.

[KEYFRAME]
          Aboba, B., Simon, D., Eronen, P. and H. Levkowetz, "EAP Key
          Management Framework", draft-ietf-eap-keying-19.txt, June
          2007.

7.2.  Informative references

[RFC2607] Aboba, B. and J. Vollbrecht, "Proxy Chaining and Policy
          Implementation in Roaming", RFC 2607, June 1999.





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[RFC3162] Aboba, B., Zorn, G. and D. Mitton, "RADIUS and IPv6", RFC
          3162, August 2001.

[RFC3575] Aboba, B., "IANA Considerations for RADIUS", RFC 3575, July
          2003.

[RFC3576] Chiba, M., Dommety, G., Eklund, M., Mitton, D. and B. Aboba,
          "Dynamic Authorization Extensions to Remote Authentication
          Dial In User Service (RADIUS)", RFC 3576, July 2003.

[RFC3579] Aboba, B. and P. Calhoun, "RADIUS Support for Extensible
          Authentication Protocol (EAP)", RFC 3579, September 2003.

[RFC3580] Congdon, P., Aboba, B., Smith, A., Zorn, G. and J. Roese,
          "IEEE 802.1X Remote Authentication Dial In User Service
          (RADIUS) Usage Guidelines", RFC 3580, September 2003.

Acknowledgments

   The authors would like to acknowledge Dorothy Stanley of Aruba
   Networks, Yoshihiro Ohba of Toshiba, and the contributors to the IEEE
   802.11 review of this document.

Authors' Addresses

   Bernard Aboba
   Microsoft Corporation
   One Microsoft Way
   Redmond, WA 98052

   EMail: bernarda@microsoft.com
   Phone: +1 425 706 6605
   Fax:   +1 425 936 7329

   Jouni Malinen
   Devicescape Software, Inc.
   900 Cherry Avenue
   San Bruno, CA 94066

   EMail: jkm@devicescape.com
   Phone: +1 650 829 2600
   Fax:   +1 650 829 2601









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Aboba & Malinen             Proposed Standard                  [Page 15]


INTERNET-DRAFT         RADIUS Attributes for WLAN           26 June 2007


Open issues

   Open issues relating to this specification are tracked on the
   following web site:

   http://www.drizzle.com/~aboba/RADEXT/













































Aboba & Malinen             Proposed Standard                  [Page 16]