MANET Working Group Sanghyun Ahn
Internet Draft University of Seoul
Expires: June 11, 2017 December 19, 2016
The IPv6 Hop-by-Hop Option for Geocast
draft-ahn-its-geocast-hbh-option-00.txt
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Abstract
For IPv6-based ITS applications, ITS data packets are required to
be delivered to a specific destination area, which is called geocast.
In this draft, a new IPv6 Hop-by-Hop option, the IPv6 Geocast
Hop-by-Hop option, with the geographical information of the
destination area and the forwarding mechanism information is defined.
Table of Contents
1. Requirements notation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
4. Hop-by-Hop Option for Geocast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
5. Other Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
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1. Requirements notation
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].
2. Introduction
For the support of IPv6-based ITS (Intelligent Transportation System)
applications, ITS data packets are required to be delivered based
on the geographical location (longitude and latitude) information of
the destination ITS node or area. The latter is called geocast
[Geocast].
From the considerations in [Geo-Problem], in this draft, we define
the new IPv6 Geocast Hop-by-Hop option with the geo-location
information of the center point and the radius information of
the destination area. Also, the IPv6 Geocast Hop-by-Hop option
has the fields for the geographical unicast mechanism
from the originator to the center point of the destination area and
the geographical broadcast mechanism from the center point to
all the ITS nodes in the destination area.
3. Terminology
ITS node
A vehicle or a device that may generate ITS-related data
in the form of IPv6 datagrams
Geo-location
The location of an ITS node represented in the form of
longitude and latitude. The geo-location information
is represented in the form of the World Geodetic System 1984
(WGS84) [WGS-84] formatted coordinates.
Geographical Forwarding
IPv6 datagram forwarding based on the geo-location information
of the source and the destination ITS node or area.
Geographical unicast/broadcast and geocast belong to geographical
forwarding.
Geographical Unicast (Geo-unicast)
IPv6 datagram forwarding based on geo-location information
to a specific single target ITS node which can be a vehicle or
roadside unit (RSU) or any type of an IPv6 node.
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Geo-Broadcast
IPv6 datagram broadcasting to all the ITS nodes within a specific
geographical area based on geo-location information.
It can be done by flooding, etc.
Geocast
IPv6 datagram forwarding from an ITS node to the ITS nodes
in a specific target destination area based on geo-location
information. Geocast is performed by geographical unicast to
the center point of the destination area and, then, geographical
broadcast within the destination area.
Destination Area
The geographical area in which this IPv6 datagram needs to be
forwarded by geocast; that is, all the ITS nodes in the
destination area are supposed to receive this IPv6 datagram.
Originator
The source ITS node that has generated this IPv6 datagram.
Sender
The previous hop ITS node that has forwarded this IPv6 datagram.
4. Hop-by-Hop Option for Geocast
The format of the Geocast Hop-by-Hop option is as follows:
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0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Option Type | Opt Data Len |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|C| GU Ty |GB Ty|N|E|S|O|U| Rsvd| Location Uncertainty |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Timestamp | Destination Area Radius |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Destination Area Latitude |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Destination Area Longitude |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Sender Latitude |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Sender Longitude |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Originator Latitude |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Originator Longitude |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
IPv6 Source Address
The Source IPv6 Address field of the IPv6 datagram is set to
the IPv6 address of the originator.
IPv6 Destination Address
The Destination IPv6 Address field of the IPv6 datagram is set to
the geocast group address to be assigned by IANA.
Option Type
The IPv6 Option Type code for IPv6 geocast; to be assigned
by IANA.
Option Data Length
The number of octets of the option data field of this option.
C Flag
This indicates the geographical casting type. 'C = 0' implies
geographical unicast and 'C = 1' implies geocast.
Thus, in this case, C = 1.
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Geo-Unicast Type
This indicates the geo-unicast forwarding type used
for the delivery of the IPv6 datagram from the originator to
the center point of the destination area; e.g., Greedy
Forwarding (GF) [GF], Contension-Based Forwarding (CBF) [CBF],
Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR), Geographic Source
Routing (GS), etc.
Geo-Broadcast Type
This indicates the geo-broadcasting type used for the delivery
of the IPv6 datagram from a node in a specific area to
all the other nodes in the area; e.g., flooding, etc.
N Flag
If N = 1, it indicates the latitude is north relative to the
Equator. Otherwise, it indicates the latitude is south of
the Equator.
E Flag
If E = 1, it indicates the longitude is east of the Prime
Meridian. Otherwise, it indicates the longitude is west of
the Prime Meridian.
S Flag
If S = 1, the Sender Latitude Degree and the Sender Longitude
Degree fields are specified. Otherwise, those fields do not exist.
O Flag
If O = 1, the Originator Latitude Degree and the Originator
Longitude Degree fields are specified. Otherwise, those fields
do not exist.
U Flag
If U = 1, the Location Unicertainty field is specified.
Otherwise, the field is not specified.
Reserved
The reserved field for further extensions of this option.
Location Unicertainty
The uncertainty of the location (in centimeters).
Timestamp
Time when this IPv6 datagram was generated in seconds since
the epoch (00:00:00 UTC on 1 January 1970).
Destination Area Radius
The radius of the destination area (in meters).
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Destination Area Latitude
A range of 0 - 90 degrees (in 1/10 micro degrees) north or
south of the Equator (northern or southern hemisphere,
respectively) of the center point of the destination area.
Destination Area Longitude
A range of 0 - 180 degrees (in 1/10 micro degrees) east or
west of the Prime Meridian of the center point of
the destination area.
Sender Latitude
A range of 0 - 90 degrees (in 1/10 micro degrees) north or
south of the Equator (northern or southern hemisphere,
respectively) of the sender.
Sender Longitude
A range of 0 - 180 degrees (in 1/10 micro degrees) east or
west of the Prime Meridian of the sender.
Originator Latitude
A range of 0 - 90 degrees (in 1/10 micro degrees) north or
south of the Equator (northern or southern hemisphere,
respectively) of the originator.
Originator Longitude
A range of 0 - 180 degrees (in 1/10 micro degrees) east or
west of the Prime Meridian of the originator.
5. Other Considerations
TBD.
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References
[Geocast] J.C. Navas, T. Imielinski, "GeoCast - Geographic Addressing
and Routing. The 3rd Annual ACM/IEEE International Conference on
Mobile Computing and Networking, 1997.
[Geo-Problem] S. Ahn, "Problem Statements of IPv6-based Geographical
Forwarding for ITS", IETF Draft draft-ahn-its-geo-problem-00.txt,
2016.
[WGS-84] Geodesy and Geophysics Department, DoD., "World Geodetic
System 1984", January 2000, <http://earth-info.nga.mil/
GandG/publications/tr8350.2/wgs84fin.pdf>.
[GF] B. N. Karp, H. T. Kung, "GPSR: Greedy Perimeter Stateless
Routing for Wireless Networks", ACM/IEEE International
Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom), 2000.
[CBF] H. Fu.b.ler, J. Widmer, M. Ka.semann, M. Mauve, H. Hartenstein,
"Contention-based Forwarding for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks",
Ad Hoc Networks, 2003.
Author's Address
Sanghyun Ahn
University of Seoul
90, Cheonnong-dong, Tongdaemun-gu
Seoul 130-743
Korea
Email: ahn@uos.ac.kr
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