SIPPING Working Group                                      A. Allen, Ed.
Internet-Draft                                  Research in Motion (RIM)
Expires: September 6, 2006                                       J. Holm
                                                                Ericsson
                                                               T. Hallin
                                                                Motorola
                                                           March 5, 2006


 The P-Answer-State Header Extension to the Session Initiation Protocol
  (SIP) for the Open Mobile Alliance (OMA) Push to talk over Cellular
                                 (PoC)
            draft-allen-sipping-poc-p-answer-state-header-02

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   applicable patent or other IPR claims of which he or she is aware
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Copyright Notice

   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2006).

Abstract

   This document describes a private Session Initiation Protocol(SIP)
   header (P-header) used by the Open Mobile Alliance (OMA),For Push to
   talk over Cellular (PoC) along with its applicability, which is



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   limited to the OMA PoC application.  The P-Answer-State header is
   used for indicating the answering mode of the handset which is
   particular to the PoC application.

Requirements Language

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in [1].


Table of Contents

   1.  Overall applicability  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4

   2.  Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4

   3.  Terminology  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4

   4.  Background for the extension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5

   5.  Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6

   6.  The P-Answer-State header  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
     6.1.  Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8
     6.2.  Alternatives considered  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8
     6.3.  Applicability statement for the P-Answer-State header  . .  9
     6.4.  Usage of the P-Answer-State header . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
       6.4.1.  Procedures at the UA (terminal)  . . . . . . . . . . . 11
       6.4.2.  Procedures at the UA (PTT Server)  . . . . . . . . . . 11
       6.4.3.  Procedures at the proxy server . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

   7.  Formal syntax  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
     7.1.  P-Answer-State header syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
     7.2.  Table of the new header  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

   8.  Example usage session flows  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
     8.1.  Pre-arranged group call using on-demand session  . . . . . 14
     8.2.  1-1 Call using pre-established session . . . . . . . . . . 19

   9.  Security considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

   10. IANA considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
     10.1. Registration of Header Fields  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
     10.2. Registration of header field parameters  . . . . . . . . . 27

   11. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27




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   12. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
     12.1. Normative references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
     12.2. Informative references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

   Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
   Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements . . . . . . . . . . 31













































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1.  Overall applicability

   The SIP extension specified in this document makes certain
   assumptions regarding network topology, and the availability of
   transitive trust.  These assumptions are generally NOT APPLICABLE in
   the Internet as a whole.  The mechanism specified here was designed
   to satisfy the requirements specified by the Open Mobile Alliance for
   Push-to-talk over cellular for which either no general-purpose
   solution was found, where insufficient operational experience was
   available to understand if a general solution is needed, or where a
   more general solution is not yet mature.  For more details about the
   assumptions made about this extension, consult the Applicability
   subsection for the extension.


2.  Introduction

   The Open Mobile Alliance (OMA) (http://www.openmobilealliance.org) is
   specifying the Push-to-talk Over Cellular (PoC) service where SIP is
   the protocol used to establish half duplex media sessions across
   different participants.  This document describes a private extension
   to address specific requirements of the PoC service and may not be
   applicable to the general Internet.

   The PoC service allows a SIP UA (PoC terminal) to establish a session
   to one or more SIP UAs simultaneously, usually initiated by the
   initiating user pushing a button.

   OMA has defined a collection of very stringent requirements in
   support of the PoC service.  In order to provide the user with a
   satisfactory experience the initial session establishment from the
   time the user presses the button to the time they get an indication
   to speak must be minimized.


3.  Terminology

   The terms "PTT Server", "Unconfirmed Indication", "Unconfirmed
   Response", "Confirmed Indication" and "Confirmed Response" are
   introduced in this document.

   A "PTT Server" as referred to here is a SIP network server that
   performs the network based functions for the Push to Talk service.
   The PTT Server may act as a SIP Proxy or back-to-back UA (B2BUA)
   based on the functions it needs to perform.  There may be one or more
   PTT Servers involved in a SIP Push to Talk session.

   An "Unconfirmed Indication" as referred to here is an indication that



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   the final target UA for the request has yet to be contacted and an
   intermediate SIP node is indicating that it has information that
   hints that the request is likely to be answered by the target UA.

   An "Unconfirmed Response" is a 18x or 2xx response containing an
   "Unconfirmed Indication".

   A "Confirmed Indication" as referred to here is an indication that
   the target UA has accepted the session invitation and is ready to
   receive media.

   A "Confirmed Response" is a SIP 200 OK response containing a
   "Confirmed Indication" and has the usual semantics of a SIP 200 OK
   response containing an answer (such as an SDP answer).


4.  Background for the extension

   The PoC terminal may support such hardware capabilities as a speaker
   phone and/or headset and software that provide the capability for the
   user to configure the PoC terminal to accept the session invitations
   immediately and play out the media as soon as it is received without
   requiring the intervention of the called user.  This mode of
   operation is known as Automatic Answer mode.  The user may
   alternatively configure the PoC terminal to first alert the user and
   require the user to manually accept the session invitation before
   media is accepted.  This mode of operation is known as Manual Answer
   mode.  The PoC terminal may support both or only one of these modes
   of operation.  The user may change the Answer Mode (AM) configuration
   of the PoC terminal frequently based on their current circumstances
   and preference,(perhaps because the user is busy, or in a public area
   where she cannot use a speaker phone, etc).

   The OMA PoC Architecture utilizes PTT Servers within the network that
   may perform such roles as a conference focus [8], a RTP translator or
   a network policy enforcement server.  A possible optimization to
   minimize the delay in the providing of the caller with an indication
   to speak is for the PTT server to perform buffering of media packets
   in order to provide an early or "Unconfirmed Indication" back to the
   caller and allow the caller to start speaking before the called PoC
   terminal has answered.  An event package and mechanisms for a SIP UA
   to indicate its current answer mode to a PTT Server in order to
   enable buffering are defined in [9].  In addition, particularly when
   multiple domains are involved in the session, more than one PTT
   server may be involved in the signaling path for the session.  Also
   the PTT Server that performs the buffering may not be the PTT Server
   that has knowledge of the current answer mode of the SIP UA that is
   the final destination for the SIP INVITE request.  A mechanism to



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   allow a terminal that acts as a SIP UA or a PTT server that acts as a
   SIP UA to indicate a preference to the final destination SIP UAS to
   answer in a particular mode is defined in [10].  However a mechanism
   is required for a PTT Server to relay the "Unconfirmed Indication" in
   a response back towards the originating SIP UAC.


5.  Overview

   The purpose of this extension is to support an optimization that
   makes it possible for the network to provide a faster push-to-talk
   experience, through an intermediate SIP agent (PTT Server) providing
   a 200 OK response before the called UA does, and a PTT Server
   buffering the media generated by the calling UA for replay to the
   called UA when it answers.  Because of the half duplex nature of the
   call where media bursts are short in the order of 10-30 seconds the
   additional end to end latency can be tolerated and this considerably
   improves the user experience.  However the PTT Server only can do
   this when there is a high probability that the called UA is in
   Automatic Answer mode.  It is likely that PTT Servers near the called
   UA have up-to-date knowledge of the answering mode of the called UA,
   and due to the restricted bandwidth nature of the cellular network,
   they can pass upstream an indication of the called UA's answering
   mode faster than the called UA can deliver an automatically generated
   200 OK response.

   Thus, when a PTT Server forwards an INVITE and knows that the called
   UA is likely to be in Automatic Answer mode, it also generates a 183
   response with a P-Answer-State header field with a parameter of
   "Unconfirmed" to signal to upstream PTT Servers that they may buffer
   the caller's media.

   A PTT Server that wishes to buffer the caller's media, upon seeing
   the provisional response with a P-Answer-State header field with a
   parameter of "Unconfirmed" absorbs it and generates a 200 OK response
   for the caller's UA with an appropriate answer.

   When the called UA generates a 200 OK response, the PTT Server that
   generated the provisional response with a P-Answer-State header field
   with a parameter "Unconfirmed" adds to the 200 OK response a
   P-Answer-State header field with a parameter of "Confirmed".  The 200
   OK response is absorbed by the PTT Server that is buffering the
   caller's media, as it has already generated a 200 OK response.  The
   buffering PTT Server then starts un-buffering the media.

   This document proposes a new SIP header field to support this
   Unconfirmed Indication".  The new SIP header field may be optionally
   included in a response to a SIP INVITE request or in a sipfrag of a



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   response included in a NOTIFY request sent as a result of a REFER
   request that requests an INVITE to be sent.  The header field is used
   to provide an indication from a PTT Server acting as a SIP proxy or
   back-to-back UA that it has information that hints that the
   terminating UA will likely answer automatically.  This provides an
   "Unconfirmed Indication" back towards the inviting SIP UA to transmit
   media prior to receiving a final response from the final destination
   of the SIP INVITE request.  No supported or require headers are
   needed because the sender of the P-Answer-State header field does not
   depend on the receiver to understand the extension and if the
   extension is not understood the header field is simply ignored by the
   recipient.  The extension is described below.


6.  The P-Answer-State header

   The purpose of the P-Answer-State header field is to provide an
   indication from a PTT Server acting as a SIP proxy or back-to-back UA
   that is has information that hints that the terminating UA identified
   in the Request-URI of the request will likely answer automatically.
   Thus enabling the PTT Server to provide an "Unconfirmed Indication"
   back towards the inviting SIP UA to transmit media prior to receiving
   a final response from the final destination of the SIP INVITE
   request.  If a Provisional response contains the P-Answer-State
   header field with the value "Unconfirmed" and does not contain an
   answer then a receiving PTT Server may send a 200 OK response
   containing an answer and a P-Answer-State header field with the value
   "Unconfirmed" if the PTT Server is willing to perform media
   buffering.  If the response containing the P-Answer-State header
   field with the value "Unconfirmed" also contains an answer the PTT
   Server that included the P-Answer-State header field and answer in
   the response is also indicating that it is willing to buffer the
   media until a final "Confirmed Indication" is received.

   The P-Answer-State header field MAY be included in a provisional or
   final response to a SIP INVITE request or in the sipfrag of a NOTIFY
   request sent as a result of a REFER request to send an INVITE
   request.  If the P-Answer-State header field with value "Unconfirmed"
   is included in a provisional response that contains an answer the PTT
   Server is leaving the decision where to do buffering to other PTT
   Servers upstream and will forward upstream a "Confirmed indication"
   in a 200 OK response when the final response is received from the
   destination UA.

   The P-Answer-State header is only included in a provisional response
   when the node that sends the response has knowledge that there is a
   PTT Server that acts as a B2BUA that understands this extension in
   the signaling path between itself and the originating UAC that will



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   only pass the header field on in either a 200 OK response or in the
   sipfrag as defined in [2] of a NOTIFY request as defined in [3] sent
   as a result of a REFER request as defined in [4].  Such a situation
   only occurs with specific network topologies which is another reason
   why use of this header field is not relevant to the general internet.
   The originating UAC will only receive the P-Answer-state header field
   in a 200 OK response or in the sipfrag of a NOTIFY request.

6.1.  Requirements

   The OMA PoC service has initial setup performance requirements that
   can be met by a PTT Server acting as a B2BUA spooling media from the
   inviting PoC subscriber until one or more invited PoC subscribers
   have accepted the session.  The specific requirements are

   REQ-1: An intermediate server MAY spool media from the inviting SIP
      UA until one or more invited PoC SIP UAs has accepted the
      invitation.

   REQ-2: An intermediate server that is capable of spooling media MAY
      accept an invite request from an inviting SIP UAC even if no
      invited SIP UAS has accepted the invite request if it has a hint
      that the invited SIP UAC is likely to accept the request without
      requiring user intervention.

   REQ-3: An intermediate server or proxy that is incapable of spooling
      media or does not wish to, but has a hint that the invited SIP UAC
      is likely to automatically accept the session invitation MUST be
      able to indicate back to another intermediate server that can
      spool media that it has some hint that the invited UAC is likely
      to automatically accept the session invitation.

   REQ-4: An intermediate server that is willing to spool media from the
      inviting SIP UA until one or more invited SIP UAs have accepted
      the invite SHOULD indicate that it is spooling media to the
      inviting SIP UAC.


6.2.  Alternatives considered

   In order to meet REQ-3, a PTT Server needs to receive an indication
   back that the invited SIP UA is likely to accept the invite request
   without requiring user intervention.  In this case, the PTT Server
   that has a hint that the invited SIP UAC is likely to accept the
   request can include an answer state indication in the 183 Session
   Progress or 200 OK response.

   A number of alternatives were considered for the PTT Server to inform



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   another PTT Server or the inviting SIP UAC of the invited PoC SIP UAs
   answer mode settings.

   One proposal was to create a unique reason-phrase in the 183 and 200
   OK response.  This was rejected because the reason phrases are
   normally intended for human readers and not meant to be parsed by
   servers for special syntactic and semantic meaning.

   Another proposal was to use a Reason header [11] in the 183 and 200
   OK response.  This was rejected because this would be inconsistent
   with the intended use of the reason header and its usage is not
   defined for these response codes and would have required creating and
   registering a new protocol identifier.

   Another proposal was to use a feature-tag in the returned Contact
   header as defined in [12].  This was rejected because it was not a
   different feature, but is an attribute of the session and can be
   applied to many different features.

   Another proposal was to use a new SDP attribute.  The choice of an
   SDP parameter was rejected because the answer state applies to the
   session and not to a media stream.

   The P-Answer-State header was chosen to give additional information
   about the state of the SIP session progress and acceptance.  Even
   though the UAC sees that its offer has been answered and accepted,
   the header lets the UAC know whether the invited PoC subscriber has
   accepted the invite or just an intermediary has done the acceptance.

6.3.  Applicability statement for the P-Answer-State header

   The P-Answer-State header is applicable in the following
   circumstances:

      o In networks where there are UAs that engage in half-duplex
      communication where there is not the possibility for the invited
      user to verbally acknowledge the answering of the session as is
      normal in full duplex communication;

      o Where the invited UA may automatically accept the session
      without manual acceptance;

      o The network also contains intermediate network SIP servers that
      are trusted;







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      o The intermediate network SIP servers have knowledge of the
      current answer mode setting of the terminating UAS; and,

      o The intermediate network SIP servers have knowledge of the media
      types and codecs likely to be accepted by the terminating UAS;
      and,

      o The intermediate network SIP servers can provide buffering of
      the media in order to reduce the time for the inviting user to
      send media.

      o The intermediate network SIP servers assume knowledge of the
      network topology and the existence of similar intermediate network
      SIP servers in the signaling path.

   Such configurations are generally not applicable to the internet as a
   whole where such trust relationships do not exist.

   In addition security issues have only been considered for networks
   which are trusted and use hop by hop security mechanisms and security
   issues with usage of this mechanism in the general internet have not
   been evaluated.

6.4.  Usage of the P-Answer-State header

   A UAS B2BUA or proxy MAY include a P-Answer-State header field in any
   18x or 2xx response that does not contain an offer, sent in response
   to an offer contained in an INVITE as specified in [5].  Typically
   the P-Answer-State header field is included in either a 183 Session
   Progress or a 200 OK response.  A UA that receives a REFER request to
   send an INVITE MAY also include a P-Answer-State header field in the
   sipfrag of a response included in a NOTIFY request it sends as a
   result of the implicit subscription created by the REFER request.

   When the P-Answer-State header field contains the parameter
   "Unconfirmed" the UAC or proxy is indicating that it has information
   that hints that the final destination UAS for the INVITE request is
   likely to automatically accept the session but that this is
   unconfirmed and it is possible that the final destination UAS will
   first alert the user and require manual acceptance of the session or
   not accept the session request.  When the P-Answer-State header field
   contains the parameter "Confirmed" the UAC or proxy is indicating
   that the destination UAS has accepted the session and is ready to
   receive media.  The parameter value of "Confirmed" has the usual
   semantics of a 200 OK response containing an answer and is included
   for completeness.  A parameter value of "Confirmed" is only included
   in a 200 OK response.




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   A received 18x response without a P-Answer-State header field SHOULD
   NOT be treated as an "Unconfirmed Response".A 18x response containing
   a P-Answer-State header field containing the parameter "Confirmed"
   MUST NOT be treated as a "Confirmed Response" because this in an
   invalid condition.

   A 200 OK response without a P-Answer-State Header field MUST be
   treated as a "Confirmed Response".

6.4.1.  Procedures at the UA (terminal)

   A UAC (terminal) that receives an "Unconfirmed Response" containing
   an answer MAY send media as specified in [5], however there is no
   guarantee that the media will be received by the final recipient.

   How a UAC confirms whether the media was or was not received by the
   final destination when it his received a 2xx response containing an
   "Unconfirmed Indication" is application specific and outside of the
   scope of this document.  If the application is a conference then the
   mechanism specified in [5] could be used to determine that the
   invited user joined.  Alternatively a BYE request could be received
   or the media could be placed on hold if the final destination UAS
   does not accept the session.

   A UAC (terminal) that receives in response to a REFER request a
   NOTIFY request containing an "Unconfirmed Response" in a sipfrag in
   the body of the NOTIFY request that was received on a pre-existing
   dialog that was established by an INVITE request and for which there
   has been a successful offer-answer exchange according to [5] MAY send
   media, however there is no guarantee that the media will be received
   by the final recipient that was indicated in the Refer-To header in
   the original REFER request.

   A UAC (terminal) that receives an "Unconfirmed Response" that does
   not contain an answer MAY buffer media until it receives another
   "Unconfirmed Response" containing an answer or a "Confirmed
   Response".

   There are no P-Answer-State procedures for a terminal acting in the
   UAS role.

6.4.2.  Procedures at the UA (PTT Server)

   A PTT Server that acts as a back-to-back UA and receives at its UAS
   an INVITE request MAY include in any 18x or 2xx response that does
   not contain an offer, a P-Answer-State header field with the
   parameter "Unconfirmed" in the response if it has not yet received a
   "Confirmed Response" from the final destination UA and it has



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   information that hints that that the final destination UA for the
   INVITE is likely to automatically accept the session.

   A PTT Server that acts as a back-to-back UA that receives at its UAC
   a 18x response to an INVITE request containing a P-Answer-State
   header field with the parameter "Unconfirmed" in the response MAY
   include the P-Answer-State header field with the parameter
   "Unconfirmed" in a 2xx response its UAS sends as a result of
   receiving that response.  Otherwise a PTT Server that acts as a back-
   to-back UA that receives at its UAC a 18x or 2xx response to an
   INVITE request containing a P-Answer-State header field in the
   response SHOULD include the P-Answer-State header field unmodified in
   the 18x or 2xx response its UAS sends as a result of receiving that
   response.  If the response sent by the UAS is a 18x response then the
   P-Answer-State header field included in the response MUST contain a
   parameter of "Unconfirmed".

   A PTT Server that acts as a back-to-back UA MAY include an answer in
   the "Unconfirmed Response" its UAS sends even if the "Unconfirmed
   Response" received by its UAC did not contain an answer.

   If a PTT Server that acts as a back-to-back UA receives at its UAC a
   "Confirmed Response" then the UAS MAY include in the forwarded
   response a P-Answer-State header field with the parameter
   "Confirmed".  If the PTT Server UAS previously sent an "Unconfirmed
   Response" as part of this dialog the UAS SHOULD include in the
   forwarded "Confirmed Response" a P-Answer-State header field with the
   parameter "Confirmed".

   If a UAS of a PTT Server that acts as a back-to-back UA, includes an
   answer in a response along with a P-Answer-State header field with
   the parameter "Unconfirmed" then the UAS needs to be ready to receive
   media as specified in [5] and MAY buffer any media it receives until
   it receives a "Confirmed Response" from the final destination UA or
   until its buffer is full.

   A PTT Server that acts as a back-to-back UA that's UAS receives a
   REFER request to send an INVITE request to another UA as specified in
   [4], MAY generate a sipfrag of a 200 OK response containing a
   P-Answer-State header field with the parameter "Unconfirmed" prior to
   its UAC receiving a response to the Invite, if it has information
   that hints that the final destination UA for the INVITE is likely to
   automatically accept the session.

   If a PTT Server that acts as a back-to-back UA that's UAC sent an
   Invite request as a result of receiving a REFER Request, receives a
   18x or 2xx response containing a P-Answer-State header field at its
   UAC, then its UAS SHOULD include the P-Answer-State header field and



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   its parameters from that response unmodified in the sipfrag of the
   response contained in a NOTIFY request that the UAS sends in response
   to the REFER request.  If the sipfrag of the response sent in the
   NOTIFY request is a 18x response then the P-Answer-State header field
   included in the sipfrag of the response MUST contain a parameter of
   "Unconfirmed".  If the UAC receives a "Confirmed Response" that does
   not contain a P-Answer-State header field then the UAS MAY include a
   P-Answer-State header field with the parameter "Confirmed" in the
   sipfrag of the response contained in a NOTIFY request sent in
   response to the REFER request.

   A PTT Server that acts as a back-to-back UA that's UAS previously
   sent a NOTIFY request containing a P-Answer-State header field with
   the parameter "Unconfirmed" in the sipfrag of a response included in
   the NOTIFY request, that subsequently receives at its UAC a
   "Confirmed Response" to the INVITE request sent as a result of the
   REFER request SHOULD include a P-Answer-State header field with the
   parameter "Confirmed" in the sipfrag of the response included in the
   subsequent NOTIFY request that its UAS sends as a result of receiving
   the "Confirmed Response".

   If the REFER was received on an existing dialog established by an
   INVITE request for which there has been a successful offer-answer
   exchange the UAS MUST be ready to receive media as specified in [5]
   and MAY buffer any media it receives until its UAC receives a
   "Confirmed Response" from the final destination UA or until its
   buffer is full.

6.4.3.  Procedures at the proxy server

   SIP proxy servers do not need to understand the semantics of the
   P-Answer-State header field.  As part of the regular SIP rules for
   unknown headers, a proxy will forward unknown headers.

   A PTT Server that acts as a proxy MAY include a P-Answer-State header
   field with the parameter "Unconfirmed" in a 18x response that it
   originates compliant with [6] if it has information that hints that
   that the final destination UA for the INVITE is likely to
   automatically accept the session.

   A PTT Server that acts as a proxy MAY add a P-Answer-State header
   field with the parameter "Confirmed" to a "Confirmed Response".


7.  Formal syntax

   The mechanisms specified in this document is described in both prose
   and an augmented Backus-Naur Form (BNF) defined in [7].  Further,



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   several BNF definitions are inherited from SIP and are not repeated
   here.  Implementers need to be familiar with the notation and
   contents of SIP [6] and [7] to understand this document.

7.1.  P-Answer-State header syntax

   The syntax of the P-Answer-State header is described as follows:

      P-Answer-State = "P-Answer-State" HCOLON answer-type
      answer-type = "Confirmed" / "Unconfirmed" / token *(SEMI generic-
      param)

7.2.  Table of the new header

   Table 1 extends the headers defined in this document to Table 2 in
   SIP [6], section 7.1 of the SIP-specific event notification [3]
   tables 1 and 2 in the SIP INFO method [13], tables 1 and 2 in
   Reliability of provisional responses in SIP [14], tables 1 and 2 in
   the SIP UPDATE method [15], tables 1 and 2 in the SIP extension for
   Instant Messaging [16], table 1 in the SIP REFER method [4], and
   table 2 in the SIP PUBLISH method [17]:

         Header field          where  proxy  ACK BYE CAN INV OPT REG SUB
         _______________________________________________________________
         P-Answer-State      18x,2xx    ar    -   -   -   o   -   -   -

         Header field                        NOT PRA INF UPD MSG REF PUB
         _______________________________________________________________
         P-Answer-State          R            -   -   -   -   -   -   -

   Figure 1


8.  Example usage session flows

   For simplicity some details such as intermediate proxies and 100
   Trying responses are not shown in the following example flows.

8.1.  Pre-arranged group call using on-demand session

   The following flow shows Alice making a Pre-arranged Group Call using
   a Conference URI which has Bob on the member list.  The session
   initiation uses the On-demand Session establishment mechanism where a
   SIP INVITE containing an SDP offer is sent by Alices's terminal when
   Alice pushes her push to talk button.

   In this example Alice's PTT Server acts a Call Stateful SIP Proxy and
   Bob's PTT Server which is aware that the current Answer Mode setting



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   of Bob's terminal is set to Auto Answer acts as a B2BUA.

   For simplicity the invitations by the Conference Focus to the other
   members of the group are not shown in this example.

      Alice's        Alices's     Conference     Bob's          Bob's
      Terminal      PTT Server       focus      PTT Server    Terminal
         |              |              |             |              |
         |--(1)INVITE-->|              |             |              |
         |              |--(2)INVITE-->|             |              |
         |              |              |--(3)INVITE->|              |
         |              |              |             |--(4)INVITE-->|
         |              |              |<--(5)183----|              |
         |              |<---(6)200----|             |              |
         |<---(7)200----|              |             |              |
         |----(8)ACK--->|              |             |              |
         |              |---(9)ACK---->|             |              |
         |              |              |             |              |
         |=====Early Media Session====>|             |              |
         |              |            MEDIA           |              |
         |              |           BUFFERING        |              |
         |              |              |             |<---(10)200---|
         |              |              |             |---(11)ACK--->|
         |              |              |<--(12)200---|              |
         |              |              |--(13)ACK--->|              |
         |              |              |             |              |
         |              |              |========Media Session======>|
         |              |              |             |              |
         |              |              |             |              |

   Figure 2

   F1 INVITE Alice -> Alices's PTT Server

   INVITE sip:FriendsOfAlice@example.org SIP/2.0
   Via: SIP/2.0/UDP pc33.example.org;branch=z9hG4bKnashds8
   Max-Forwards: 70
   To: "Alice's Friends" <sip:FriendsOfAlice@example.org>
   From: "Alice" <sip:alice@example.org>;tag=1928301774
   Call-ID: a84b4c76e66710
   CSeq: 314159 INVITE
   Contact: <sip:alice@pc33.example.org>
   Content-Type: application/sdp
   Content-Length: 142

   (SDP not shown)

   F2 INVITE Alice's PTT Server -> Conference Focus



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   INVITE sip:FriendsOfAlice@example.org SIP/2.0
   Via: SIP/2.0/UDP
   AlicesPTTServer.example.org;branch=z9hG4bK77ef4c2312983.1
   Via: SIP/2.0/UDP pc33.example.org;branch=z9hG4bKnashds8
   Record-Route: <sip:AlicesPTTServer.example.org>
   Max-Forwards: 69
   To: "Alice's Friends" <sip:FriendsOfAlice@example.org>
   From: "Alice" <sip:alice@example.org>;tag=1928301774
   Call-ID: a84b4c76e66710
   CSeq: 314159 INVITE
   Contact: <sip:alice@pc33.example.org>
   Content-Type: application/sdp
   Content-Length: 142

   (SDP not shown)

   The Conference Focus explodes the Conference URI and Invites Bob

   F3 INVITE Conference Focus -> Bob's PTT Server

   INVITE sip:bob@example.com SIP/2.0
   Via: SIP/2.0/UDP
   AlicesConferenceFocus.example.org;branch=z9hG4bK4721d8
   Max-Forwards: 70
   To: "Bob" <sip:bob@example.com>
   From: "Alice's Friends"
   <sip:FriendsOfAlice@example.org>;tag=2178309898
   Call-ID: e60a4c784b6716
   CSeq: 301166605 INVITE
   Contact: <sip:AlicesConferenceFocus.example.org>
   Content-Type: application/sdp
   Content-Length: 142

   (SDP not shown)

   F4 INVITE Bob's PTT Server -> Bob

   INVITE sip:bob@example.com SIP/2.0
   Via: SIP/2.0/UDP BobsPTTServer.example.com;branch=z9hG4bKa27bc93
   Max-Forwards: 70
   To: "Bob" <sip:bob@example.com>
   From: "Alice's Friends"
   <sip:FriendsOfAlice@example.org>;tag=781299330
   Call-ID: 6eb4c66a847710
   CSeq: 478209 INVITE
   Contact: <sip:BobsPTTServer.example.com>
   Content-Type: application/sdp
   Content-Length: 142



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   (SDP not shown)

   F5 183 Session Progress Bob's PTT Server -> Conference Focus

   SIP/2.0 183 Session Progress
   Via: SIP/2.0/UDP
   AlicesConferenceFocus.example.org;branch=z9hG4bK4721d8
   To: "Bob" <sip:bob@example.com>;tag=a6c85cf
   From: "Alice's Friends"
   <sip:FriendsOfAlice@example.org>;tag=2178309898
   Call-ID: e60a4c784b6716
   Contact: <sip:BobsPTTServer.example.com>
   CSeq: 301166605 INVITE
   P-Answer-State: Unconfirmed
   Content-Length: 0

   F6 200 OK Conference Focus -> Alice's PTT Server

   SIP/2.0 200 OK
   Via: SIP/2.0/UDP
   AlicesPTTServer.example.org;branch=z9hG4bK77ef4c2312983.1
   Via: SIP/2.0/UDP pc33.example.org;branch=z9hG4bKnashds8
   Record-Route: <sip:AlicesPTTServer.example.org>
   To: "Alice's Friends" <sip:FriendsOfAlice@example.org>;tag=c70ef99
   From: "Alice" <sip:alice@example.org>;tag=1928301774
   Call-ID: a84b4c76e66710
   CSeq: 314159 INVITE
   Contact: <sip:AlicesConferenceFocus.example.org>
   P-Answer-State: Unconfirmed
   Content-Type: application/sdp
   Content-Length: 131

   (SDP not shown)

   F7 200 OK Alice's PTT Server -> Alice

   SIP/2.0 200 OK
   Via: SIP/2.0/UDP pc33.example.org;branch=z9hG4bKnashds8
   Record-Route: <sip:AlicesPTTServer.example.org>
   To: "Alice's Friends" <sip:FriendsOfAlice@example.org>;tag=c70ef99
   From: "Alice" <sip:alice@example.org>;tag=1928301774
   Call-ID: a84b4c76e66710
   CSeq: 314159 INVITE
   Contact: <sip:AlicesConferenceFocus.example.org>
   P-Answer-State: Unconfirmed
   Content-Type: application/sdp
   Content-Length: 131




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   (SDP not shown)

   F8 ACK Alice -> Alice's PTT Server

   ACK sip:AlicesConferenceFocus.example.org SIP/2.0
   Via: SIP/2.0/UDP pc33.example.org;branch=z9hG4bKnashds9
   Route: <sip:AlicesPTTServer.example.org>
   Max-Forwards: 70
   To: "Alice's Friends" <sip:FriendsOfAlice@example.org>;tag=c70ef99
   From: "Alice" <sip:alice@example.org>;tag=1928301774
   Call-ID: a84b4c76e66710
   CSeq: 314159 ACK
   Content-Length: 0

   F9 ACK Alice's PTT Server -> Conference Focus

   ACK sip:AlicesConferenceFocus.example.org SIP/2.0
   Via: SIP/2.0/UDP
   AlicesPTTServer.example.org;branch=z9hG4bK77ef4c2312983.1
   Via: SIP/2.0/UDP pc33.example.org;branch=z9hG4bKnashds9
   Max-Forwards: 69
   To: "Alice's Friends" <sip:FriendsOfAlice@example.org>;tag=c70ef99
   From: "Alice" <sip:alice@example.org>;tag=1928301774
   Call-ID: a84b4c76e66710
   CSeq: 314159 ACK
   Content-Length: 0

   The early half duplex media session between Alice and the Conference
   Focus is now established and the Conference Focus buffers the media
   it receives from Alice.

   F10 200 OK Bob -> Bob's PTT Server

   SIP/2.0 200 OK
   Via: SIP/2.0/UDP BobsPTTServer.example.com;branch=z9hG4bKa27bc93
   To: "Bob" <sip:bob@example.com>;tag=d28119a
   From: "Alice's Friends"
   <sip:FriendsOfAlice@example.org>;tag=781299330
   Call-ID: 6eb4c66a847710
   CSeq: 478209 INVITE
   Contact: <sip:bob@192.0.2.4>
   Content-Type: application/sdp
   Content-Length: 131

   (SDP not shown)

   F11 ACK Bob's PTT Server -> Bob




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   ACK sip:bob@192.0.2.4 SIP/2.0
   Via: SIP/2.0/UDP BobsPTTServer.example.com;branch=z9hG4bKa27bc93
   Max-Forwards: 70
   To: "Bob" <sip:bob@example.com>;tag=d28119a
   From: "Alice's Friends"
   <sip:FriendsOfAlice@example.org>;tag=781299330
   Call-ID: 6eb4c66a847710
   CSeq: 478209 ACK
   Content-Length: 0

   F12 200 OK Bob's PTT Server -> Conference Focus

   SIP/2.0 200 OK
   Via: SIP/2.0/UDP
   AlicesConferenceFocus.example.org;branch=z9hG4bK4721d8
   To: "Bob" <sip:bob@example.com>;tag=a6670811
   From: "Alice's Friends"
   <sip:FriendsOfAlice@example.org>;tag=2178309898 Call-ID:
   e60a4c784b6716
   Contact: <sip:BobsPTTServer.example.com>
   CSeq: 301166605 INVITE
   P-Answer-State: Confirmed
   Content-Type: application/sdp
   Content-Length: 131

   (SDP not shown)

   F13 ACK Conference Focus -> Bob's PTT Server

   ACK sip:BobsPTTServer.example.com SIP/2.0
   Via: SIP/2.0/UDP
   AlicesConferenceFocus.example.org;branch=z9hG4bK4721d8
   Max-Forwards: 70
   To: "Bob" <sip:bob@example.com>;tag=a6670811
   From: "Alice's Friends"
   <sip:FriendsOfAlice@example.org>;tag=2178309898
   Call-ID: e60a4c784b6716
   CSeq: 301166605 ACK
   Content-Length: 0

   The media session between Alice and Bob is now established and the
   Conference Focus forwards the buffered media to Bob.

8.2.  1-1 Call using pre-established session

   The following flow shows Alice making a 1-1 Call to Bob using a pre-
   established session.  A pre-established session is where a dialog is
   established with Alices's PTT Server using a SIP INVITE SDP offer



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   answer exchange to pre-negotiate the codecs and other media
   Parameters to be used for media sessions ahead of Alice initiating a
   Communication.  When Alice initiates a communication to Bob a SIP
   REFER is used to Request Alice's PTT Server to send an INVITE to Bob.
   In this example Bob's Terminal does not use the Pre-established
   Session mechanism.

   In this example Alice's PTT Server acts a B2BUA and also performs the
   Conference Focus function.  Bob's PTT Server which is aware that the
   current Answer Mode setting of Bob's terminal is set to Auto Answer
   acts as a B2BUA.

      Alice's                Alice's               Bob's          Bob's
      Terminal             PTT Server /          PTT Server     Terminal
                        Conference Focus
         |                       |                  |                |
         |-----(1)INVITE-- ----->|                  |                |
         |<-----(2)200-----------|                  |                |
         |-------(3)ACK--------->|                  |                |
         |                       |                  |                |
         |                       |                  |                |
         |                       |                  |                |
         |----(4)REFER---------->|                  |                |
         |<-----(5)202-----------|                  |                |
         |                       |----(6)INVITE---->|                |
         |                       |                  |--(7)INVITE---->|
         |                       |                  |                |
         |                       |<----(8)183-------|                |
         |<---(9)NOTIFY----------|                  |                |
         |-----(10)200---------->|                  |                |
         |                       |                  |                |
         |=Early Media Session==>|                  |                |
         |                     MEDIA                |                |
         |                   BUFFERING              |                |
         |                       |                  |<---(11)200-----|
         |                       |                  |---(12)ACK----->|
         |                       |<----(13)200------|                |
         |                       |-----(14)ACK----->|                |
         |                       |===========Media Session==========>|
         |                       |                  |                |
         |<---(15)NOTIFY---------|                  |                |
         |-----(16)200---------->|                  |                |
         |                       |                  |                |

   Figure 3

   F1 INVITE Alice -> Alices's PTT Server




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   INVITE sip: AlicesConferenceFactoryURI.example.org SIP/2.0
   Via: SIP/2.0/UDP pc33.example.org;branch=z9hG4bKnashds8
   Max-Forwards: 70
   To: <sip:AlicesConferenceFactoryURI.example.org>
   From: "Alice" <sip:alice@example.org>;tag=1928301774
   Call-ID: a84b4c76e66710
   CSeq: 314159 INVITE
   Contact: <sip:alice@pc33.example.org>
   Content-Type: application/sdp
   Content-Length: 142

   (SDP not shown)

   F2 200 OK Alice's PTT Server -> Alice

   SIP/2.0 200 OK
   Via: SIP/2.0/UDP pc33.example.org;branch=z9hG4bKnashds8
   To: <sip:AlicesConferenceFactoryURI.example.org>;tag=c70ef99
   From: "Alice" <sip:alice@example.org>;tag=1928301774
   Call-ID: a84b4c76e66710
   CSeq: 314159 INVITE
   Contact: <sip:AlicesPre-establishesSession@
   AlicesPTTServer.example.org>
   Content-Type: application/sdp
   Content-Length: 131

   (SDP not shown)

   F3 ACK Alice -> Alice's PTT Server

   ACK sip:AlicesPre-establishesSession@AlicesPTTServer.example.org
   SIP/2.0
   Via: SIP/2.0/UDP pc33.example.org;branch=z9hG4bKnashds9
   Max-Forwards: 70
   To: <sip:AlicesConferenceFactoryURI.example.org>;tag=c70ef99
   From: "Alice" <sip:alice@example.org>;tag=1928301774
   Call-ID: a84b4c76e66710
   CSeq: 314159 ACK
   Content-Length: 0

   Alices's terminal has established a Pre-established Session with
   Alice's PTT Server.  All the media parameters are pre-negotiated for
   use at communication time.

   Alice initiates a Communication to Bob

   F4 REFER Alice -> Alices's PTT Server




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   REFER sip:AlicesPre-establishesSession@AlicesPTTServer.example.org
   SIP/2.0
   Via: SIP/2.0/UDP pc33.example.org;branch=z9hG4bKnashds8
   Max-Forwards: 70
   To: <sip:AlicesConferenceFactoryURI.example.org>;tag=c70ef99
   From: "Alice" <sip:alice@example.org>;tag=1928301774
   Call-ID: a84b4c76e66710
   CSeq: 314160 REFER
   Refer-To: "Bob" <sip:bob@example.com>
   Contact: <sip:alice@pc33.example.org>

   F5 202 ACCEPTED Alice's PTT Server -> Alice

   SIP/2.0 202 ACCEPTED
   Via: SIP/2.0/UDP pc33.example.org;branch=z9hG4bKnashds8
   To: <sip:AlicesConferenceFactoryURI.example.org>;tag=c70ef99
   From: "Alice" <sip:alice@example.org>;tag=1928301774
   Call-ID: a84b4c76e66710
   CSeq: 314160 REFER
   Contact: <sip:AlicesPre-establishesSession@
   AlicesPTTServer.example.org>

   F6 INVITE Conference Focus -> Bob's PTT Server

   INVITE sip:bob@example.com SIP/2.0
   Via: SIP/2.0/UDP
   AlicesConferenceFocus.example.org;branch=z9hG4bk4721d8
   Max-Forwards: 70
   To: "Bob" <sip:bob@example.com>
   From: "Alice" <sip:Alice@example.org>;tag=2178309898
   Call-ID: e60a4c784b6716
   CSeq: 301166605 INVITE
   Contact: <sip:AlicesConferenceFocus.example.org>
   Content-Type: application/sdp
   Content-Length: 142

   (SDP not shown)

   F7 INVITE Bob's PTT Server -> Bob

   INVITE sip:bob@example.com SIP/2.0
   Via: SIP/2.0/UDP BobsPTTServer.example.com;branch=z9hG4bKa27bc93
   Max-Forwards: 70
   To: "Bob" <sip:bob@example.com>
   From: "Alice" <sip:Alice@example.org>;tag=781299330
   Call-ID: 6eb4c66a847710
   CSeq: 478209 INVITE
   Contact: <sip:BobsPTTServer.example.com>



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   Content-Type: application/sdp
   Content-Length: 142

   (SDP not shown)

   F8 183 Session Progress Bob's PTT Server -> Conference Focus

   SIP/2.0 183 Session Progress
   Via: SIP/2.0/UDP
   AlicesConferenceFocus.example.org;branch=z9hG4bK4721d8
   To: "Bob" <sip:bob@example.com>;tag=a6c85cf
   From: "Alice" <sip:Alice@example.org>;tag=2178309898
   Call-ID: e60a4c784b6716
   Contact: <sip:BobsPTTServer.example.com>
   CSeq: 301166605 INVITE
   P-Answer-State: Unconfirmed
   Content-Length: 0

   F9 NOTIFY Alices's PTT Server -> Alice

   NOTIFY sip:alice@pc33.example.org SIP/2.0
   Via: SIP/2.0/UDP AlicesPre-establishesSession@
   AlicesPTTServer.example.org;branch=z9hG4bKnashds8
   Max-Forwards: 70
   To: <sip:AlicesConferenceFactoryURI.example.org>;tag=c70ef99
   From: "Alice" <sip:alice@example.org>;tag=1928301774
   Call-ID: a84b4c76e66710
   CSeq: 314161 NOTIFY
   Contact: <sip:AlicesPre-establishesSession@
   AlicesPTTServer.example.org>
   Event: refer
   Subscription-State: Active;Expires=60
   Content-Type: message/sipfrag;version=2.0
   Content-Length: 99

   SIP/2.0 183 Session Progress
   To: "Bob" <sip:bob@example.com>;tag=d28119a
   P-Answer-State: Unconfirmed

   F10 200 OK Alice -> Alice's PTT Server

   SIP/2.0 200 OK
   Via: SIP/2.0/UDP AlicesPre-establishesSession@
   AlicesPTTServer.example.org;branch=z9hG4bKnashds8
   To: <sip:AlicesConferenceFactoryURI.example.org>;tag=c70ef99
   From: "Alice" <sip:alice@example.org>;tag=1928301774
   Call-ID: a84b4c76e66710
   CSeq: 314161 NOTIFY



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   The early half duplex media session between Alice and the Conference
   Focus is now established and the Conference Focus buffers the media
   it receives from Alice.

   F11 200 OK Bob -> Bob's PTT Server

   SIP/2.0 200 OK
   Via: SIP/2.0/UDP BobsPTTServer.example.com;branch=z9hG4bK927bc93
   To: "Bob" <sip:bob@example.com>;tag=d28119a
   From: "Alice's Friends"
   <sip:FriendsOfAlice@example.org>;tag=781299330
   Call-ID: 6eb4c66a847710
   CSeq: 478209 INVITE
   Contact: <sip:bob@192.0.2.4>
   Content-Type: application/sdp
   Content-Length: 131

   (SDP not shown)

   F12 ACK Bob's PTT Server -> Bob

   ACK sip:bob@192.0.2.4 SIP/2.0
   Via: SIP/2.0/UDP BobsPTTServer.example.com;branch=z9hG4bK927bc93
   Max-Forwards: 70
   To: "Bob" <sip:bob@example.com>;tag=d28119a
   From: "Alice" <sip:Alice@example.org>;tag=781299330
   Call-ID: 6eb4c66a847710
   CSeq: 478209 ACK
   Content-Length: 0

   F13 200 OK Bob's PTT Server -> Conference Focus

   SIP/2.0 200 OK
   Via: SIP/2.0/UDP
   AlicesConferenceFocus.example.org;branch=z9hG4bK4721d8
   To: "Bob" <sip:bob@example.com>;tag=a6670811
   From: "Alice's Friends"
   <sip:FriendsOfAlice@example.org>;tag=2178309898
   Call-ID: e60a4c784b6716
   Contact: <sip:BobsPTTServer.example.com>
   CSeq: 301166605 INVITE
   P-Answer-State: Confirmed
   Content-Type: application/sdp
   Content-Length: 131

   (SDP not shown)

   F14 ACK Conference Focus -> Bob's PTT Server



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   ACK sip:BobsPTTServer.example.com SIP/2.0
   Via: SIP/2.0/UDP
   AlicesConferenceFocus.example.org;branch=z9hG4bK4721d8
   Max-Forwards: 70
   To: "Bob" <sip:bob@example.com>;tag=a6670811
   From: "Alice" <sip:Alice@example.org>;tag=1928301774
   Call-ID: e60a4c784b6716
   CSeq: 301166605 ACK
   Content-Length: 0

   The media session between Alice and Bob is now established and the
   Conference Focus forwards the buffered media to Bob.

   F15 NOTIFY Alices's PTT Server -> Alice

   NOTIFY sip:alice@pc33.example.org SIP/2.0
   Via: SIP/2.0/UDP AlicesPre-establishesSession@
   AlicesPTTServer.example.org;branch=z9hG4bKnashds8
   Max-Forwards: 70
   To: <sip:AlicesConferenceFactoryURI.example.org>;tag=c70ef99
   From: "Alice" <sip:alice@example.org>;tag=1928301774
   Call-ID: a84b4c76e66710
   CSeq: 314162 NOTIFY
   Contact: <sip:AlicesPre-establishesSession@
   AlicesPTTServer.example.org>
   Event: refer
   Subscription-State: Active;Expires=60
   Content-Type: message/sipfrag;version=2.0
   Content-Length: 83

   SIP/2.0 200 OK
   To: "Bob" <sip:bob@example.com>;tag=d28119a
   P-Answer-State: Confirmed

   F16 200 OK Alice -> Alice's PTTServer

   SIP/2.0 200 OK
   Via: SIP/2.0/UDP AlicesPre-establishesSession@
   AlicesPTTServer.example.org;branch=z9hG4bKnashds8
   To: <sip:AlicesConferenceFactoryURI.example.org>;tag=c70ef99
   From: "Alice" <sip:alice@example.org>;tag=1928301774
   Call-ID: a84b4c76e66710
   CSeq: 314162 NOTIFY


9.  Security considerations

   The information returned in the P-Answer-State header is not viewed



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   as particularly sensitive.  Rather, it is informational in nature,
   providing an indication to the UAC that delivery of any media sent as
   a result of an answer in this response is not guaranteed.  An
   eavesdropper cannot gain any useful information by obtaining the
   contents of this header.

   End-to-end protection is not appropriate because the P-Answer-State
   header is used and added by proxies and intermediate UAs.  As a
   result, a "malicious" proxy between the UAs or attackers on the
   signaling path could add or remove the header or modify the contents
   of the header value.  This attack either denies the caller the
   knowledge that the callee has yet to be contacted or falsely
   indicates that the callee has yet to be contacted when they have
   already answered.  The falsely indicating that the callee has yet to
   be contacted when they have already answered attack could result in
   the caller deciding not transmit media because they do not wish to
   have their media stored by an intermediary even though in reality the
   callee has answered.  The denying the callee the additional knowledge
   that the callee has yet to be contacted attack does not appear to be
   a significant concern since this is the same as the situation when a
   B2BUA sends a 200 OK before the callee has answered without the use
   of this extension.

   It is therefore necessary to protect the messages between proxies and
   implementation SHOULD use a transport that provides integrity and
   confidentially between the signaling hops.  The TLS based signaling
   in SIP can be used to provide this protection.


10.  IANA considerations

10.1.  Registration of Header Fields

   This document defines a private SIP extension header field (beginning
   with the prefix "P-" ) based on the registration procedures defined
   in RFC 3427 [18].

    The following rows shall be added to the "Header Fields" section of
                        the SIP parameter registry:

               +----------------+--------------+-----------+
               | Header Name    | Compact Form | Reference |
               +----------------+--------------+-----------+
               | P-Answer-State |              | [RFCXXXX] |
               +----------------+--------------+-----------+

   Editor Note: [RFCXXXX] should be replaced with the designation of
   this document.



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10.2.  Registration of header field parameters

   This document defines parameters for the header fields defined in the
   preceding section.  The header field named "P-Answer-State" may take
   the values "Unconfirmed", or "Confirmed".

   The following rows shall be added to the "Header Field Parameters and
         Parameter Values" section of the SIP parameter registry:

    +----------------+----------------+-------------------+-----------+
    | Header Field   | Parameter Name | Predefined Values | Reference |
    +----------------+----------------+-------------------+-----------+
    | P-Answer-State | Unconfirmed    | Yes               | [RFCXXXX] |
    | P-Answer-State | Confirmed      | Yes               | [RFCXXXX] |
    +----------------+----------------+-------------------+-----------+

   Editor Note: [RFCXXXX] should be replaced with the designation of
   this document.


11.  Acknowledgements

   The authors would like to thank Cullen Jennings, Jeroen van Bemmel,
   Paul Kyzivat, Dale Worley, Dean Willis, Rohan Mahay, Christian
   Schmidt, Mike Hammer, and Miguel Garcia-Martin for their comments
   that contributed to the progression of this work.  The authors would
   also like to thank the OMA POC Working Group members for their
   support of this document and in particular Tom Hiller for presenting
   the concept of the P-Answer-State header to SIPPING at IETF#62.


12.  References

12.1.  Normative references

   [1]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement
        Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [2]  Sparks, R., "Internet Media Type message/sipfrag", RFC 3420,
        November 2002.

   [3]  Roach, A., "Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)-Specific Event
        Notification", RFC 3265, June 2002.

   [4]  Sparks, R., "The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Refer
        Method", RFC 3515, April 2003.

   [5]  Rosenberg, J. and H. Schulzrinne, "An Offer/Answer Model with



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        Session Description Protocol (SDP)", RFC 3264, June 2002.

   [6]  Rosenberg, J., Schulzrinne, H., Camarillo, G., Johnston, A.,
        Peterson, J., Sparks, R., Handley, M., and E. Schooler, "SIP:
        Session Initiation Protocol", RFC 3261, June 2002.

   [7]  Crocker, D., Ed. and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for Syntax
        Specifications: ABNF", RFC 2234, November 1997.

12.2.  Informative references

   [8]   Rosenberg, J., "A Framework for Conferencing with the Session
         Initiation Protocol (SIP)", RFC 4353, February 2006.

   [9]   Garcia-Martin, M., "A Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Event
         Package and Data Format for Various Settings in Support for the
         Push-to-Talk over Cellular (PoC) Service", RFC 4354,
         January 2006.

   [10]  Willis, D. and A. Allen, "Requesting Answering Modes for the
         Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)",
         draft-ietf-sip-answermode-00 (work in progress), December 2005.

   [11]  Schulzrinne, H., Oran, D., and G. Camarillo, "The Reason Header
         Field for the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)", RFC 3326,
         December 2002.

   [12]  Rosenberg, J., Schulzrinne, H., and P. Kyzivat, "Indicating
         User Agent Capabilities in the Session Initiation Protocol
         (SIP)", RFC 3840, August 2004.

   [13]  Donovan, S., "The SIP INFO Method", RFC 2976, October 2000.

   [14]  Rosenberg, J. and H. Schulzrinne, "Reliability of Provisional
         Responses in Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)", RFC 3262,
         June 2002.

   [15]  Rosenberg, J., "The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) UPDATE
         Method", RFC 3311, October 2002.

   [16]  Campbell, B., Rosenberg, J., Schulzrinne, H., Huitema, C., and
         D. Gurle, "Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Extension for
         Instant Messaging", RFC 3428, December 2002.

   [17]  Niemi, A., "Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Extension for
         Event State Publication", RFC 3903, October 2004.

   [18]  Mankin, A., Bradner, S., Mahy, R., Willis, D., Ott, J., and B.



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         Rosen, "Change Process for the Session Initiation Protocol
         (SIP)", BCP 67, RFC 3427, December 2002.

















































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Authors' Addresses

   Andrew Allen (editor)
   Research in Motion (RIM)
   122 West John Carpenter Parkway, Suite 430
   Irving, Texas  75039
   USA

   Phone: unlisted
   Fax:   unlisted
   Email: aallen@rim.com


   Jan Holm
   Ericsson
   Gotalandsvagen 220
   Stockholm  612526
   Sweden

   Phone: unlisted
   Fax:   unlisted
   Email: Jan.Holm@ericsson.com


   Tom Hallin
   Motorola
   1501 W Shure Drive
   Arlington Heights  60004
   USA

   Phone: unlisted
   Fax:   unlisted
   Email: thallin@motorola.com


















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